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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Transgranular Fracture
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Fourier's Law
2. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Opacity
4 Types of Magnetism
Yield and Reliability
Griffith Crack Model
3. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
LASER
There is no perfect material?
Stress Intensity values
The Transistor
4. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
5. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Impact - Toughness
Opaque
Large Hardness
6. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Impact energy
Brittle Materials
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
7. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Etching
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Bending tests
Refraction
8. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Diamagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Holloman Equation
9. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Why materials fail in service
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Specific Heat
Fatigue
10. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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11. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Slip Bands
Heat Capacity
Lithography
Brittle Materials
12. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Impact - Toughness
Charpy or Izod test
13. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Holloman Equation
Large Hardness
Luminescence examples
14. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Fatigue
Linewidth
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
15. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Luminescence
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Charpy or Izod test
Bending tests
16. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
True Stress
Fatigue
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
4 Types of Magnetism
17. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Heat Capacity
Brittle Ceramics
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Refraction
18. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Transgranular Fracture
Paramagnetic Materials
Film Deposition
19. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Reflection of Light for Metals
Thermal expansion
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Impact - Toughness
20. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Translucent
Linewidth
Opaque
True Strain
21. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Griffith Crack Model
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Large Hardness
22. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Luminescence
Thermal Shock Resistance
Paramagnetic Materials
Brittle Materials
23. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
True Stress
M is known as what?
Valence band
There is no perfect material?
24. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
To improve fatigue life
Two kinds of Reflection
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
There is no perfect material?
25. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
26. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Thermal Conductivity
What do magnetic moments arise from?
M is known as what?
Reflection of Light for Metals
27. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Linewidth
Thermal Stresses
4 Types of Magnetism
28. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Thermal expansion
Coherent
Stress Intensity Factor
29. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
4 Types of Magnetism
Reflectance of Non-Metals
30. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Charpy or Izod test
Thermal Stresses
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Shear and Tensile Stress
31. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Force Decomposition
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Fatigue
Shear and Tensile Stress
32. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
LASER
33. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Stress Intensity values
Sparkle of Diamonds
Not severe
Yield and Reliability
34. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Color
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Luminescence examples
Refraction
35. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Relative Permeability
True Stress
High impact energy
Hardness
36. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Color
Transgranular Fracture
Superconductivity
Why materials fail in service
37. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Response to a Magnetic Field
Specific Heat
Opaque
How an LCD works
38. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Intergranular Fracture
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Force Decomposition
39. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Work Hardening
Shear and Tensile Stress
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Magnetic Storage
40. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
M is known as what?
Oxidation
Superconductivity
Griffith Crack Model
41. Emitted light is in phase
Bending tests
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Slip Bands
Coherent
42. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Conduction & Electron Transport
M is known as what?
Luminescence
Two ways to measure heat capacity
43. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
The Transistor
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Opaque
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
44. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Charpy or Izod test
Paramagnetic Materials
Opacity
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
45. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Etching
Ductile Materials
M is known as what?
Opacity
46. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Refraction
Impact - Toughness
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Thermal expansion
47. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
How an LCD works
True Strain
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Hard Magnetic Materials
48. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Rockwell
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Diamagnetic Materials
49. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Specific Heat
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
50. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Ductile Materials
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation