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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Large Hardness
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Luminescence
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
2. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Griffith Crack Model
The Transistor
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Where does DBTT occur?
3. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Rockwell
Heat Capacity
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Stress Intensity Factor
4. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Transgranular Fracture
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Magnetic Storage
Slip Bands
5. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Diamagnetic Materials
True Strain
True Stress
Coherent
6. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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7. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Paramagnetic Materials
Opacity
Electrical Conduction
Two kinds of Reflection
8. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Opacity
Refraction
Where does DBTT occur?
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
9. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
True Stress
Engineering Fracture Performance
Hard Magnetic Materials
Where does DBTT occur?
10. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Intergranular Fracture
Response to a Magnetic Field
There is no perfect material?
11. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Opaque
Not severe
Two kinds of Reflection
Stress Intensity Factor
12. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Opacifiers
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Not severe
Conduction & Electron Transport
13. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Paramagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
14. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Engineering Fracture Performance
Conduction & Electron Transport
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
15. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Stress Intensity Factor
M is known as what?
There is no perfect material?
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
16. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Coherent
Scattering
17. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Metallization
Intergranular Fracture
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
18. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
To improve fatigue life
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Response to a Magnetic Field
19. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Coherent
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Internal magnetic moments
20. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Oxidation
Ductile Materials
Force Decomposition
Specific Heat
21. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Luminescence examples
How an LCD works
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Work Hardening
22. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Opacity
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Two kinds of Reflection
Griffith Crack Model
23. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Coherent
Paramagnetic Materials
Ductile Materials
24. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Opaque
Two kinds of Reflection
Specific Heat
Brittle Ceramics
25. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Two kinds of Reflection
High impact energy
26. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Holloman Equation
Engineering Fracture Performance
Fatigue
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
27. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Scattering
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Shear and Tensile Stress
M is known as what?
28. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Ductile Fracture
Etching
Work Hardening
29. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
True Stress
True Strain
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
30. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Paramagnetic Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
Incoherent
Lithography
31. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Ductile Materials
Bending tests
The Transistor
32. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Brittle Materials
Hardness
Fatigue
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
33. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Incoherent
34. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
The Transistor
There is no perfect material?
True Strain
Metallization
35. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Two kinds of Reflection
How an LCD works
Magnetic Storage Media Types
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
36. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Color
Etching
Incoherent
Ductile Fracture
37. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Where does DBTT occur?
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Impact - Toughness
Etching
38. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Film Deposition
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Insulators
Force Decomposition
39. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASER
4 Types of Magnetism
Intergranular Fracture
True Stress
40. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Electromigration
Slip Bands
True Strain
Incident Light
41. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Ductile Materials
Hard Magnetic Materials
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
42. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Work Hardening
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Why materials fail in service
43. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Etching
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
44. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Stress Intensity values
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Meissner Effect
Oxidation
45. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Brittle Ceramics
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Linewidth
LASER
46. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Refraction
Translucent
Paramagnetic Materials
To improve fatigue life
47. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Internal magnetic moments
Metallization
Where does DBTT occur?
48. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Not severe
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Why materials fail in service
49. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Intergranular Fracture
Impact - Toughness
LASER
50. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Linewidth
Incident Light
Charpy or Izod test
Ductile Fracture