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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid






2. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.






3. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.






4. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.






5. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.






6. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion






7. Stress concentration at a crack tips






8. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.






9. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






10. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is






11. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by






12. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW






13. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values






14. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.






15. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low






16. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th






17. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.






18. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.






19. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.






20. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.






21. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






22. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.

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23. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION

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24. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values






25. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.






26. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.






27. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.






28. Sigma=ln(li/lo)






29. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."






30. Is analogous to toughness.






31. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.






32. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of






33. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.






34. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))






35. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture






36. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant






37. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.






38. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






39. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.






40. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.






41. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting






42. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.






43. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion






44. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals






45. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.






46. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R






47. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.






48. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.






49. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str






50. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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