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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Work Hardening
Slip Bands
Griffith Crack Model
Internal magnetic moments
2. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Intergranular Fracture
High impact energy
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
3. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Where does DBTT occur?
Brittle Materials
4. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Thermal Stresses
Reflection of Light for Metals
Luminescence examples
How an LCD works
5. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Force Decomposition
True Strain
Electromigration
Stress Intensity Factor
6. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Magnetic Storage
Electromigration
There is no perfect material?
Stress Intensity Factor
7. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Linewidth
Specific Heat
Refraction
Where does DBTT occur?
8. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Thermal Stresses
Insulators
Oxidation
Intrinsic Semiconductors
9. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Engineering Fracture Performance
Transgranular Fracture
Lithography
10. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
True Strain
Thermal expansion
Translucent
Engineering Fracture Performance
11. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Where does DBTT occur?
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
12. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
To improve fatigue life
Color
Slip Bands
Linewidth
13. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Valence band
To improve fatigue life
Holloman Equation
14. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Incident Light
Reflectance of Non-Metals
15. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Sparkle of Diamonds
Slip Bands
16. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Translucent
Lithography
17. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Refraction
Brittle Ceramics
Electromigration
Reflection of Light for Metals
18. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Thermal Conductivity
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
19. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Why materials fail in service
Lithography
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
20. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Work Hardening
Sparkle of Diamonds
Two kinds of Reflection
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
21. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Charpy or Izod test
Griffith Crack Model
Meissner Effect
22. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Yield and Reliability
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Sparkle of Diamonds
Etching
23. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Where does DBTT occur?
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Diamagnetic Materials
24. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
LASER
Etching
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
25. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Refraction
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
To improve fatigue life
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
26. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Large Hardness
Reflectance of Non-Metals
27. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Oxidation
28. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
High impact energy
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
29. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Response to a Magnetic Field
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Ductile Fracture
30. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Reflection of Light for Metals
Elastic Deformation
To improve fatigue life
4 Types of Magnetism
31. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Coherent
Brittle Fracture
Opacity
Force Decomposition
32. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Why materials fail in service
Magnetic Storage
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Refraction
33. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Thermal expansion
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Insulators
34. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
4 Types of Magnetism
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
How an LCD works
Brittle Fracture
35. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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36. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Ductile Materials
Thermal Conductivity
Where does DBTT occur?
Incident Light
37. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Internal magnetic moments
Two kinds of Reflection
38. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Transparent
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Slip Bands
39. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Scattering
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
40. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Impact - Toughness
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Etching
Magnetic Storage
41. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Luminescence examples
Refraction
Ductile Materials
Specific Heat
42. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Hard Magnetic Materials
Opaque
43. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Relative Permeability
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Why materials fail in service
44. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Incoherent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Charpy or Izod test
Brittle Ceramics
45. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Heat Capacity
Hardness
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
46. Emitted light is in phase
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Two kinds of Reflection
Coherent
47. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Bending tests
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Ductile Materials
48. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Thermal Stresses
M is known as what?
49. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Rockwell
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Thermal Shock Resistance
50. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Paramagnetic Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
HB (Brinell Hardness)