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Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Opacifiers
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Sparkle of Diamonds
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
2. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Linewidth
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
3. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
To improve fatigue life
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Charpy or Izod test
4. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Where does DBTT occur?
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Shock Resistance
Charpy or Izod test
5. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Brittle Ceramics
The Transistor
Electrical Conduction
Opacifiers
6. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Film Deposition
Insulators
Luminescence examples
Intergranular Fracture
7. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Color
Refraction
Two kinds of Reflection
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
8. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Luminescence examples
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
9. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Griffith Crack Model
Luminescence
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
10. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Why materials fail in service
Hardness
11. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Transparent
Why materials fail in service
Opaque
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
12. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Etching
Stress Intensity values
Impact - Toughness
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
13. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Ductile Fracture
Color
Where does DBTT occur?
Heat Capacity
14. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Oxidation
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
15. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Opacity
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Griffith Crack Model
Etching
16. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Reflection of Light for Metals
Response to a Magnetic Field
Internal magnetic moments
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
17. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
There is no perfect material?
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
How an LCD works
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
18. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Ductile Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Magnetic Storage
19. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Metallization
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
20. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Intergranular Fracture
Oxidation
Meissner Effect
Ductile Materials
21. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Specific Heat
Soft Magnetic Materials
Linewidth
Stress Intensity values
22. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Elastic Deformation
High impact energy
23. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Stress Intensity Factor
Linewidth
High impact energy
24. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Elastic Deformation
Stress Intensity values
Impact - Toughness
Electromigration
25. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Two kinds of Reflection
Luminescence
True Stress
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
26. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Bending tests
Stress Intensity Factor
Large Hardness
Hard Magnetic Materials
27. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Opacity
Film Deposition
Translucent
Luminescence examples
28. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Stress Intensity Factor
Heat Capacity
LASER
29. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Intergranular Fracture
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
30. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Brittle Materials
Coherent
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
M is known as what?
31. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Valence band
What do magnetic moments arise from?
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Intergranular Fracture
32. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Film Deposition
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Diamagnetic Materials
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
33. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Transparent
Heat Capacity
Hard Magnetic Materials
34. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
True Stress
Opaque
LASER
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
35. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Meissner Effect
Linewidth
Work Hardening
36. Is analogous to toughness.
Fatigue
Opaque
Impact energy
Translucent
37. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Force Decomposition
Rockwell
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Thermal Stresses
38. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Rockwell
Ductile Materials
Extrinsic Semiconductors
39. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
Superconductivity
Color
Ductile Materials
40. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Luminescence
Magnetic Storage
Fourier's Law
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
41. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Thermal Conductivity
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Metallization
42. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Translucent
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
43. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
Internal magnetic moments
Brittle Fracture
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
44. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Where does DBTT occur?
Intergranular Fracture
To improve fatigue life
45. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Thermal Shock Resistance
Relative Permeability
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
46. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Color
Heat Capacity
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Slip Bands
47. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Incoherent
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
LASER
48. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Film Deposition
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
49. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Why materials fail in service
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
50. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Specific Heat
Incident Light
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Scattering
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