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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Sparkle of Diamonds
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
M is known as what?
2. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Scattering
Fourier's Law
Insulators
3. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
What do magnetic moments arise from?
To improve fatigue life
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
4. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Elastic Deformation
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Heat Capacity
Intrinsic Semiconductors
5. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Luminescence
Linewidth
6. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Linewidth
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Metallization
7. Is analogous to toughness.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Internal magnetic moments
Charpy or Izod test
Impact energy
8. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Intergranular Fracture
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Opaque
9. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Incident Light
Diamagnetic Materials
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
10. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Holloman Equation
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Ductile Fracture
11. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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12. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Diamagnetic Materials
Linewidth
Response to a Magnetic Field
Intrinsic Semiconductors
13. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Internal magnetic moments
Diamagnetic Materials
There is no perfect material?
Ductile Fracture
14. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Specific Heat
True Strain
Elastic Deformation
15. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Color
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Bending tests
16. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
True Strain
Ductile Materials
17. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Diamagnetic Materials
Transparent
Lithography
Charpy or Izod test
18. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
LASER
Brittle Materials
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
19. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
High impact energy
Opaque
The three modes of crack surface displacement
True Strain
20. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Incoherent
Conduction & Electron Transport
Reflectance of Non-Metals
21. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Fourier's Law
M is known as what?
Response to a Magnetic Field
22. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Force Decomposition
Holloman Equation
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
23. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Slip Bands
Heat Capacity
Valence band
Luminescence examples
24. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Paramagnetic Materials
Specific Heat
Incoherent
Intergranular Fracture
25. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
Engineering Fracture Performance
LASER
Not severe
26. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Transgranular Fracture
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Thermal Shock Resistance
27. Stress concentration at a crack tips
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Conduction & Electron Transport
Specific Heat
Griffith Crack Model
28. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Two ways to measure heat capacity
To improve fatigue life
29. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Oxidation
Metallization
Response to a Magnetic Field
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
30. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Brittle Materials
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Lithography
Incoherent
31. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Reflection of Light for Metals
Specific Heat
Stress Intensity values
High impact energy
32. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Fourier's Law
Brittle Fracture
Response to a Magnetic Field
Heat Capacity
33. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Where does DBTT occur?
Internal magnetic moments
34. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Impact energy
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Reflectance of Non-Metals
35. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Opacifiers
Thermal expansion
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
36. Diffuse image
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Translucent
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
37. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Lithography
Rockwell
Internal magnetic moments
Force Decomposition
38. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Linewidth
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Paramagnetic Materials
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
39. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
To improve fatigue life
Valence band
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
40. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Ductile Fracture
Reflection of Light for Metals
Luminescence
Etching
41. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Transgranular Fracture
Brittle Ceramics
42. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Charpy or Izod test
Impact - Toughness
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
43. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Diamagnetic Materials
There is no perfect material?
Work Hardening
Thermal Shock Resistance
44. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Brittle Ceramics
There is no perfect material?
Electromigration
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
45. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
To improve fatigue life
High impact energy
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Diamagnetic Materials
46. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
True Stress
Soft Magnetic Materials
47. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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48. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
The Transistor
There is no perfect material?
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Thermal expansion
49. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Metallization
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Opaque
M is known as what?
50. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Yield and Reliability
Incoherent
Reflection of Light for Metals
Intergranular Fracture