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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Yield and Reliability
Large Hardness
Slip Bands
Extrinsic Semiconductors
2. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Ductile Fracture
Slip Bands
Thermal Shock Resistance
Soft Magnetic Materials
3. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
LASER
Opacifiers
Specific Heat
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
4. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Charpy or Izod test
Thermal Shock Resistance
Diamagnetic Materials
Translucent
5. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Linewidth
There is no perfect material?
Hard Magnetic Materials
6. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Color
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
High impact energy
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
7. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
M is known as what?
Shear and Tensile Stress
Opacity
Two ways to measure heat capacity
8. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Linewidth
Etching
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
9. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Lithography
Transparent
Large Hardness
Brittle Materials
10. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Transgranular Fracture
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
11. Second phase particles with n > glass.
There is no perfect material?
Opacifiers
HB (Brinell Hardness)
True Strain
12. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Refraction
Thermal Stresses
Large Hardness
Ductile Fracture
13. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
True Stress
Film Deposition
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Impact energy
14. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Transgranular Fracture
Hardness
Thermal Stresses
15. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Valence band
Opacity
4 Types of Magnetism
What do magnetic moments arise from?
16. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Work Hardening
Heat Capacity
Impact energy
Refraction
17. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
4 Types of Magnetism
M is known as what?
Work Hardening
Impact energy
18. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Ductile Fracture
Oxidation
LASER
Soft Magnetic Materials
19. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Internal magnetic moments
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Incident Light
Lithography
20. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Color
Slip Bands
Two kinds of Reflection
Two ways to measure heat capacity
21. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
To improve fatigue life
Ductile Fracture
Impact energy
There is no perfect material?
22. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Thermal Conductivity
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
M is known as what?
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
23. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
4 Types of Magnetism
Paramagnetic Materials
There is no perfect material?
Incident Light
24. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Incoherent
Opaque
Electrical Conduction
25. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Diamagnetic Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Film Deposition
26. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Opacity
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Heat Capacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
27. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Brittle Materials
Brittle Fracture
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
28. Emitted light is in phase
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Fatigue
Coherent
Luminescence examples
29. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Magnetic Storage
Transparent
Opacity
30. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Force Decomposition
Impact energy
Engineering Fracture Performance
31. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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32. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
True Stress
Conduction & Electron Transport
Thermal Conductivity
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
33. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Lithography
Etching
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
34. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Linewidth
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Superconductivity
35. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Elastic Deformation
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Film Deposition
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
36. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Transparent
Rockwell
Superconductivity
37. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Sparkle of Diamonds
High impact energy
Fatigue
38. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Thermal Conductivity
Internal magnetic moments
39. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Diamagnetic Materials
Impact energy
Hardness
40. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
True Stress
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Paramagnetic Materials
Electromigration
41. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Holloman Equation
Ductile Fracture
Superconductivity
Impact energy
42. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Impact - Toughness
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Extrinsic Semiconductors
43. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Color
44. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Force Decomposition
There is no perfect material?
Etching
Meissner Effect
45. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Fourier's Law
The Transistor
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
46. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Linewidth
M is known as what?
Impact - Toughness
Brittle Fracture
47. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Incident Light
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
48. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Opaque
True Stress
Work Hardening
Electrical Conduction
49. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Insulators
M is known as what?
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
The Transistor
50. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Ductile Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Thermal Shock Resistance
Yield and Reliability
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