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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Two kinds of Reflection
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
4 Types of Magnetism
2. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Oxidation
Two ways to measure heat capacity
How an LCD works
3. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Transgranular Fracture
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Color
4. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Impact - Toughness
High impact energy
Lithography
Conduction & Electron Transport
5. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
The Transistor
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
4 Types of Magnetism
6. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Electrical Conduction
Intergranular Fracture
Shear and Tensile Stress
7. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Refraction
Film Deposition
Luminescence
Conduction & Electron Transport
8. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Thermal Shock Resistance
Meissner Effect
9. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Insulators
Color
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Bending tests
10. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Translucent
Ductile Fracture
11. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Force Decomposition
Linewidth
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
12. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Diamagnetic Materials
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
13. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Diamagnetic Materials
Reflection of Light for Metals
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
14. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Where does DBTT occur?
Meissner Effect
Brittle Ceramics
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
15. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Brittle Fracture
Opacifiers
Griffith Crack Model
Large Hardness
16. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Thermal Shock Resistance
Hard Magnetic Materials
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
17. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Thermal Shock Resistance
LASER
Large Hardness
Intrinsic Semiconductors
18. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Fourier's Law
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Luminescence
Transparent
19. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Internal magnetic moments
The Transistor
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
20. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Bending tests
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
21. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Transgranular Fracture
Thermal expansion
Refraction
Not severe
22. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Specific Heat
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Refraction
23. Is analogous to toughness.
M is known as what?
Impact energy
Bending tests
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
24. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Valence band
How an LCD works
4 Types of Magnetism
Luminescence examples
25. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Hardness
Rockwell
Ductile Materials
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
26. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Reflection of Light for Metals
Not severe
Meissner Effect
Relative Permeability
27. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
There is no perfect material?
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Reflection of Light for Metals
Magnetic Storage Media Types
28. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Brittle Fracture
Opaque
True Strain
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
29. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Where does DBTT occur?
Sparkle of Diamonds
Heat Capacity
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
30. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Hard Magnetic Materials
Opacifiers
Brittle Fracture
31. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Hardness
Luminescence
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Elastic Deformation
32. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Brittle Ceramics
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Rockwell
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
33. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Stress Intensity values
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
34. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Translucent
Fatigue
Etching
Holloman Equation
35. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
True Strain
Incident Light
Ductile Materials
Refraction
36. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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37. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
LASER
Charpy or Izod test
There is no perfect material?
38. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Fourier's Law
Incoherent
Meissner Effect
39. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Incoherent
The Transistor
Coherent
Holloman Equation
40. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Thermal Conductivity
41. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Soft Magnetic Materials
LASER
Shear and Tensile Stress
Luminescence examples
42. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Transgranular Fracture
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Electromigration
43. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Color
Brittle Fracture
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
What do magnetic moments arise from?
44. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Relative Permeability
Stress Intensity values
Electromigration
Magnetic Storage Media Types
45. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Rockwell
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Shear and Tensile Stress
Meissner Effect
46. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Diamagnetic Materials
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
The Transistor
Force Decomposition
47. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
LASER
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Valence band
Translucent
48. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Thermal Stresses
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
The Transistor
Griffith Crack Model
49. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Bending tests
Etching
Scattering
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
50. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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