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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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2. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Specific Heat
Sparkle of Diamonds
M is known as what?
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
3. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Force Decomposition
Translucent
Internal magnetic moments
Stress Intensity Factor
4. Materials change size when temperature is changed
True Stress
Thermal expansion
Color
Luminescence examples
5. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Luminescence
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Relative Permeability
6. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Fourier's Law
Lithography
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
What do magnetic moments arise from?
7. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Internal magnetic moments
Incident Light
Stress Intensity Factor
Transgranular Fracture
8. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Internal magnetic moments
The Transistor
There is no perfect material?
Heat Capacity
9. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Electromigration
Why materials fail in service
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Griffith Crack Model
10. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Intergranular Fracture
Metallization
11. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Not severe
Incoherent
Thermal Conductivity
12. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Holloman Equation
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Luminescence examples
13. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Rockwell
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Where does DBTT occur?
Color
14. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
There is no perfect material?
Sparkle of Diamonds
Two ways to measure heat capacity
15. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
True Strain
Lithography
Where does DBTT occur?
Stress Intensity Factor
16. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Stress Intensity values
17. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Valence band
Large Hardness
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
18. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
Incoherent
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Fatigue
19. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Thermal Conductivity
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Reflection of Light for Metals
Engineering Fracture Performance
20. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Slip Bands
21. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Meissner Effect
Refraction
Brittle Materials
Relative Permeability
22. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Luminescence
Soft Magnetic Materials
Two ways to measure heat capacity
23. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Opaque
Bending tests
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Thermal Shock Resistance
24. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Thermal Shock Resistance
Oxidation
4 Types of Magnetism
Slip Bands
25. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Transparent
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Ductile Fracture
Film Deposition
26. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Thermal expansion
Brittle Ceramics
27. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Transparent
Internal magnetic moments
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
28. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Fatigue
Opacity
Paramagnetic Materials
Force Decomposition
29. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Valence band
4 Types of Magnetism
30. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Elastic Deformation
Conduction & Electron Transport
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
31. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Thermal Stresses
How an LCD works
Translucent
What do magnetic moments arise from?
32. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Ductile Fracture
Heat Capacity
LASER
Extrinsic Semiconductors
33. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Relative Permeability
Internal magnetic moments
Conduction & Electron Transport
Opaque
34. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Fatigue
Impact energy
Scattering
Extrinsic Semiconductors
35. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Reflection of Light for Metals
Color
Internal magnetic moments
36. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
M is known as what?
Film Deposition
Where does DBTT occur?
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
37. Diffuse image
Not severe
Opaque
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Translucent
38. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Engineering Fracture Performance
Electrical Conduction
Luminescence examples
39. Is analogous to toughness.
Opacifiers
Impact energy
Sparkle of Diamonds
Two ways to measure heat capacity
40. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Stress Intensity values
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Relative Permeability
41. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Scattering
Internal magnetic moments
Relative Permeability
42. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Sparkle of Diamonds
How an LCD works
Linewidth
Bending tests
43. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Charpy or Izod test
Not severe
44. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Stress Intensity values
Oxidation
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Internal magnetic moments
45. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Large Hardness
Stress Intensity Factor
Conduction & Electron Transport
Brittle Materials
46. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Ductile Fracture
LASER
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Valence band
47. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Thermal expansion
Refraction
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
True Strain
48. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Heat Capacity
Meissner Effect
The three modes of crack surface displacement
49. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Translucent
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Hard Magnetic Materials
50. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Yield and Reliability
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Magnetic Storage
Transparent