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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Superconductivity
Translucent
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
2. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Scattering
How an LCD works
Stress Intensity Factor
Incoherent
3. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Superconductivity
Paramagnetic Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
To improve fatigue life
4. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Refraction
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Metallization
5. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Translucent
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
6. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
Not severe
Etching
Holloman Equation
7. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Meissner Effect
Conduction & Electron Transport
Transparent
Thermal expansion
8. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Rockwell
Thermal Shock Resistance
Stress Intensity values
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
9. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Stress Intensity values
Lithography
Opaque
10. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
To improve fatigue life
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Work Hardening
Meissner Effect
11. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Thermal Conductivity
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Film Deposition
Rockwell
12. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Opacity
Thermal Conductivity
Rockwell
Brittle Ceramics
13. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Magnetic Storage
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Scattering
Rockwell
14. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Superconductivity
Shear and Tensile Stress
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Incoherent
15. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Diamagnetic Materials
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Two kinds of Reflection
Response to a Magnetic Field
16. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
How an LCD works
Color
True Stress
Brittle Ceramics
17. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Electromigration
Luminescence
Insulators
Impact energy
18. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
True Stress
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Intrinsic Semiconductors
19. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Opacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
Insulators
Hardness
20. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Thermal expansion
Reflection of Light for Metals
Elastic Deformation
Impact - Toughness
21. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Brittle Ceramics
Large Hardness
Film Deposition
Brittle Fracture
22. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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23. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Elastic Deformation
Metallization
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
24. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
LASER
Force Decomposition
Luminescence
4 Types of Magnetism
25. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Thermal Conductivity
Oxidation
Conduction & Electron Transport
M is known as what?
26. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
The Transistor
Electromigration
Hardness
27. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
The Transistor
Reflection of Light for Metals
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Intergranular Fracture
28. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
True Strain
Intergranular Fracture
Lithography
Brittle Fracture
29. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Luminescence
Translucent
Conduction & Electron Transport
Thermal Stresses
30. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Thermal expansion
Elastic Deformation
Conduction & Electron Transport
31. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Griffith Crack Model
Hard Magnetic Materials
Impact - Toughness
32. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Film Deposition
How an LCD works
Thermal expansion
Two ways to measure heat capacity
33. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Thermal Stresses
Etching
Engineering Fracture Performance
34. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Meissner Effect
Film Deposition
Impact energy
True Stress
35. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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36. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Specific Heat
Incoherent
Elastic Deformation
37. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
To improve fatigue life
Hardness
Electrical Conduction
Where does DBTT occur?
38. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Bending tests
Large Hardness
Luminescence examples
Linewidth
39. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Fourier's Law
Reflection of Light for Metals
Conduction & Electron Transport
Magnetic Storage Media Types
40. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Electrical Conduction
Thermal Conductivity
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Lithography
41. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Scattering
Magnetic Storage
Ductile Materials
Soft Magnetic Materials
42. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
True Stress
Electromigration
43. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Bending tests
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
To improve fatigue life
Luminescence examples
44. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Ductile Materials
Opaque
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Engineering Fracture Performance
45. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Rockwell
LASER
Response to a Magnetic Field
46. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Diamagnetic Materials
Thermal Stresses
Film Deposition
Force Decomposition
47. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Incident Light
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Diamagnetic Materials
True Strain
48. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Metallization
Stress Intensity Factor
Elastic Deformation
Valence band
49. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Thermal expansion
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Opaque
50. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Electrical Conduction
Opacifiers
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Oxidation