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Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Electrical Conduction
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Intergranular Fracture
Meissner Effect
2. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Hardness
Luminescence examples
Brittle Fracture
Superconductivity
3. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Internal magnetic moments
Electrical Conduction
4. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Valence band
Thermal expansion
The Transistor
Impact energy
5. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Hard Magnetic Materials
Film Deposition
There is no perfect material?
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
6. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Opacifiers
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Scattering
7. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Slip Bands
Brittle Materials
Engineering Fracture Performance
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
8. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Bending tests
Color
Why materials fail in service
Transgranular Fracture
9. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
To improve fatigue life
Electrical Conduction
Heat Capacity
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
10. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Two kinds of Reflection
Paramagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Incoherent
11. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Engineering Fracture Performance
Fourier's Law
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
12. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Film Deposition
Incoherent
Engineering Fracture Performance
Not severe
13. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Metallization
Incident Light
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Etching
14. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
15. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Insulators
M is known as what?
Charpy or Izod test
Where does DBTT occur?
16. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Stress Intensity values
Relative Permeability
Bending tests
Charpy or Izod test
17. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Meissner Effect
Lithography
Extrinsic Semiconductors
18. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Superconductivity
Intergranular Fracture
Incident Light
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
19. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Internal magnetic moments
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Stress Intensity Factor
20. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Scattering
Meissner Effect
Superconductivity
21. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Lithography
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Refraction
Fatigue
22. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Luminescence examples
To improve fatigue life
Brittle Fracture
23. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Etching
24. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Incoherent
Film Deposition
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
25. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Magnetic Storage
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Film Deposition
Response to a Magnetic Field
26. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Incident Light
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Color
27. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Opaque
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
28. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Ductile Materials
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
29. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
HB (Brinell Hardness)
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
High impact energy
Heat Capacity
30. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Elastic Deformation
Slip Bands
Refraction
Response to a Magnetic Field
31. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Thermal Shock Resistance
Opacifiers
Transparent
Refraction
32. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Oxidation
Impact - Toughness
Magnetic Storage Media Types
There is no perfect material?
33. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Ductile Materials
Heat Capacity
Magnetic Storage
Insulators
34. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
There is no perfect material?
Slip Bands
Electromigration
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
35. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Electromigration
Engineering Fracture Performance
Internal magnetic moments
Thermal Shock Resistance
36. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Coherent
Brittle Materials
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
37. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Opacity
Sparkle of Diamonds
Luminescence
38. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Meissner Effect
4 Types of Magnetism
Luminescence
39. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Ductile Materials
M is known as what?
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Force Decomposition
40. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Opacity
Bending tests
Film Deposition
Transparent
41. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Meissner Effect
Internal magnetic moments
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Griffith Crack Model
42. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Superconductivity
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Intergranular Fracture
43. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Thermal Conductivity
Refraction
44. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
LASER
Soft Magnetic Materials
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
45. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
High impact energy
Where does DBTT occur?
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
46. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Hardness
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Coherent
47. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
True Stress
Soft Magnetic Materials
Opaque
Where does DBTT occur?
48. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Intergranular Fracture
49. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
Heat Capacity
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
50. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Meissner Effect
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
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