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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Relative Permeability
How an LCD works
Coherent
Not severe
2. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Impact - Toughness
Thermal Stresses
Conduction & Electron Transport
Impact energy
3. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
High impact energy
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Oxidation
Ductile Materials
4. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
5. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Elastic Deformation
Engineering Fracture Performance
Electrical Conduction
Shear and Tensile Stress
6. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Refraction
Holloman Equation
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
7. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Color
Diamagnetic Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
Hard Magnetic Materials
8. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
4 Types of Magnetism
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Coherent
Work Hardening
9. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Bending tests
Paramagnetic Materials
10. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Intergranular Fracture
Valence band
Color
11. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Holloman Equation
Incident Light
Valence band
Griffith Crack Model
12. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Transgranular Fracture
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Stress Intensity Factor
Superconductivity
13. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Specific Heat
Luminescence examples
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Diamagnetic Materials
14. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Fatigue
Rockwell
Brittle Materials
Relative Permeability
15. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Thermal expansion
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
16. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Holloman Equation
Not severe
Scattering
Magnetic Storage
17. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Paramagnetic Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Oxidation
18. Diffuse image
Luminescence examples
Translucent
Magnetic Storage
Impact - Toughness
19. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Magnetic Storage
Incoherent
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
20. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Bending tests
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Force Decomposition
Impact - Toughness
21. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Paramagnetic Materials
Fourier's Law
Heat Capacity
22. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Luminescence
Lithography
Heat Capacity
Oxidation
23. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Force Decomposition
Thermal expansion
Ductile Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
24. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Hardness
25. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Impact energy
Linewidth
Electrical Conduction
26. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Brittle Materials
Stress Intensity Factor
27. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Internal magnetic moments
Two kinds of Reflection
Sparkle of Diamonds
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
28. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
High impact energy
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Brittle Ceramics
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
29. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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30. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Response to a Magnetic Field
Sparkle of Diamonds
31. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Engineering Fracture Performance
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Paramagnetic Materials
32. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Two kinds of Reflection
Charpy or Izod test
Insulators
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
33. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Electromigration
How an LCD works
Linewidth
What do magnetic moments arise from?
34. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Color
What do magnetic moments arise from?
35. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Yield and Reliability
Holloman Equation
Brittle Materials
Transparent
36. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Hardness
Refraction
4 Types of Magnetism
37. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Fatigue
Why materials fail in service
Work Hardening
High impact energy
38. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Thermal expansion
Coherent
Thermal Shock Resistance
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
39. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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40. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Brittle Ceramics
Metallization
Impact - Toughness
Yield and Reliability
41. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Incident Light
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Hardness
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
42. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Conduction & Electron Transport
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Slip Bands
Etching
43. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Opacifiers
LASER
Scattering
Brittle Ceramics
44. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Luminescence
Opaque
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Thermal Stresses
45. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Rockwell
Meissner Effect
46. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Diamagnetic Materials
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Reflection of Light for Metals
Transgranular Fracture
47. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Heat Capacity
Griffith Crack Model
Hard Magnetic Materials
48. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Soft Magnetic Materials
Brittle Ceramics
Slip Bands
49. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Impact - Toughness
Hard Magnetic Materials
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
50. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Engineering Fracture Performance
Electrical Conduction
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
True Strain