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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Brittle Fracture
Yield and Reliability
Charpy or Izod test
Response to a Magnetic Field
2. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
The Transistor
Refraction
Meissner Effect
3. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Color
How an LCD works
Thermal Conductivity
4. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Fourier's Law
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
True Stress
Griffith Crack Model
5. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Superconductivity
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Work Hardening
Yield and Reliability
6. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
High impact energy
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Conduction & Electron Transport
Color
7. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Thermal Conductivity
Reflection of Light for Metals
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Diamagnetic Materials
8. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Hard Magnetic Materials
Sparkle of Diamonds
Impact energy
9. Diffuse image
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Incoherent
Translucent
10. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Thermal Shock Resistance
Refraction
Scattering
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
11. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
True Stress
True Strain
Holloman Equation
12. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Opacifiers
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Electrical Conduction
13. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Thermal expansion
Superconductivity
Coherent
14. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Refraction
Hard Magnetic Materials
Ductile Materials
Electromigration
15. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Impact - Toughness
To improve fatigue life
Paramagnetic Materials
Metallization
16. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Hardness
Meissner Effect
Engineering Fracture Performance
17. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Conduction & Electron Transport
Charpy or Izod test
LASER
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
18. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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19. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Reflection of Light for Metals
Response to a Magnetic Field
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Magnetic Storage
20. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
There is no perfect material?
Griffith Crack Model
Luminescence examples
Linewidth
21. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Valence band
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Large Hardness
Hard Magnetic Materials
22. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Yield and Reliability
Linewidth
Reflection of Light for Metals
Bending tests
23. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Force Decomposition
Refraction
Reflection of Light for Metals
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
24. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Two kinds of Reflection
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Extrinsic Semiconductors
25. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Paramagnetic Materials
Rockwell
26. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Intergranular Fracture
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Oxidation
Luminescence
27. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Coherent
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
28. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Luminescence
Sparkle of Diamonds
Incoherent
Intrinsic Semiconductors
29. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Opaque
Electrical Conduction
30. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Meissner Effect
Magnetic Storage
31. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Electrical Conduction
Charpy or Izod test
LASER
Luminescence examples
32. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Refraction
Reflection of Light for Metals
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
33. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Stress Intensity Factor
Luminescence
Force Decomposition
Lithography
34. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Scattering
Why materials fail in service
Thermal expansion
Ductile Fracture
35. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Refraction
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
36. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Brittle Ceramics
Griffith Crack Model
37. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Hard Magnetic Materials
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Incoherent
38. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Thermal Shock Resistance
Soft Magnetic Materials
Charpy or Izod test
Two ways to measure heat capacity
39. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Transparent
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Engineering Fracture Performance
Electrical Conduction
40. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Stress Intensity values
Shear and Tensile Stress
Large Hardness
41. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Electromigration
Etching
42. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Stress Intensity values
Griffith Crack Model
Large Hardness
Engineering Fracture Performance
43. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Impact - Toughness
Conduction & Electron Transport
Brittle Ceramics
The three modes of crack surface displacement
44. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Oxidation
Insulators
Ductile Fracture
Griffith Crack Model
45. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Impact energy
Intergranular Fracture
Brittle Materials
To improve fatigue life
46. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Charpy or Izod test
Heat Capacity
Impact - Toughness
Etching
47. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Griffith Crack Model
48. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Sparkle of Diamonds
Brittle Fracture
The Transistor
49. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Insulators
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Charpy or Izod test
50. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Relative Permeability
Opacity
Luminescence examples
True Stress