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Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Charpy or Izod test
Color
Force Decomposition
True Strain
2. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Linewidth
Reflection of Light for Metals
HB (Brinell Hardness)
3. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Thermal Shock Resistance
Meissner Effect
Work Hardening
Coherent
4. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Conduction & Electron Transport
4 Types of Magnetism
Reflection of Light for Metals
Brittle Fracture
5. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Meissner Effect
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Ductile Materials
Brittle Ceramics
6. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Work Hardening
Insulators
M is known as what?
7. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Internal magnetic moments
Etching
Large Hardness
There is no perfect material?
8. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Brittle Ceramics
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Metallization
High impact energy
9. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Hardness
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
10. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Refraction
Elastic Deformation
Paramagnetic Materials
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
11. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
4 Types of Magnetism
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Linewidth
Not severe
12. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
M is known as what?
Coherent
LASER
13. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Charpy or Izod test
How an LCD works
14. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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15. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Lithography
Fatigue
16. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Fourier's Law
Conduction & Electron Transport
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
17. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
There is no perfect material?
How an LCD works
Oxidation
Rockwell
18. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Charpy or Izod test
Thermal Stresses
The Transistor
Soft Magnetic Materials
19. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Refraction
Two kinds of Reflection
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
20. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Slip Bands
Reflection of Light for Metals
Hard Magnetic Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
21. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Meissner Effect
Internal magnetic moments
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Electromigration
22. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Etching
Griffith Crack Model
Intergranular Fracture
Transgranular Fracture
23. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Transparent
Film Deposition
Oxidation
M is known as what?
24. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Meissner Effect
Griffith Crack Model
Hard Magnetic Materials
Specific Heat
25. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Luminescence
Rockwell
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Incoherent
26. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Thermal Conductivity
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Color
27. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Magnetic Storage
Thermal Shock Resistance
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
28. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Superconductivity
Opaque
Why materials fail in service
Thermal Shock Resistance
29. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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30. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Relative Permeability
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Brittle Fracture
Why materials fail in service
31. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Where does DBTT occur?
Oxidation
True Stress
Bending tests
32. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Response to a Magnetic Field
Opacity
Two kinds of Reflection
33. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Fourier's Law
Force Decomposition
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
The three modes of crack surface displacement
34. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
M is known as what?
True Stress
Incoherent
Specific Heat
35. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Shear and Tensile Stress
Paramagnetic Materials
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
36. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Work Hardening
Opacity
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
37. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Lithography
Heat Capacity
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
38. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Luminescence
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Elastic Deformation
Scattering
39. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Stress Intensity Factor
Opacifiers
40. Emitted light is in phase
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Shear and Tensile Stress
Coherent
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
41. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Work Hardening
Sparkle of Diamonds
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Transparent
42. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Opacity
How an LCD works
Linewidth
43. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Force Decomposition
Specific Heat
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
44. Materials change size when temperature is changed
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Internal magnetic moments
Thermal expansion
45. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Relative Permeability
Color
Thermal Conductivity
LASER
46. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Opacifiers
Two kinds of Reflection
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Where does DBTT occur?
47. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Large Hardness
Ductile Materials
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
48. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
High impact energy
Brittle Fracture
Linewidth
49. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Relative Permeability
Slip Bands
Oxidation
Ductile Fracture
50. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Internal magnetic moments
Stress Intensity values
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