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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.






2. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.






3. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.






4. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.






5. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow






6. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing






7. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals






8. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.






9. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.






10. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R






11. Diffuse image






12. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






13. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values






14. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.






15. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.






16. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.






17. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.






18. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.






19. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.






20. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.






21. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.






22. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)






23. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.






24. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.






25. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)






26. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






27. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.






28. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)






29. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m






30. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent






31. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.






32. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional






33. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture






34. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.






35. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in






36. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)






37. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)






38. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.






39. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th






40. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d






41. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.

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42. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)






43. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)






44. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion






45. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.






46. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.






47. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.






48. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)






49. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress






50. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.







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