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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Force Decomposition
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Specific Heat
True Stress
2. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
What do magnetic moments arise from?
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Bending tests
3. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
High impact energy
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Bending tests
Superconductivity
4. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Fourier's Law
Incoherent
Refraction
5. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Slip Bands
Impact energy
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Coherent
6. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Incoherent
Ductile Materials
Coherent
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
7. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Relative Permeability
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Electromigration
8. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Luminescence examples
Soft Magnetic Materials
Bending tests
9. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Impact energy
10. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Impact energy
Bending tests
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
11. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Thermal Shock Resistance
Response to a Magnetic Field
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Film Deposition
12. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Intergranular Fracture
Fourier's Law
Opacifiers
13. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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14. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Why materials fail in service
Thermal Conductivity
Two kinds of Reflection
LASER
15. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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16. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Specific Heat
Paramagnetic Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Not severe
17. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Bending tests
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Incident Light
18. Diffuse image
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Electrical Conduction
Translucent
19. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Electromigration
Translucent
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
20. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Opaque
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Translucent
21. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Etching
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Ductile Materials
Griffith Crack Model
22. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Diamagnetic Materials
Scattering
High impact energy
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
23. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Thermal Conductivity
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
There is no perfect material?
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
24. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Metallization
Relative Permeability
Scattering
Brittle Ceramics
25. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Refraction
Stress Intensity values
Opacifiers
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
26. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Intergranular Fracture
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Griffith Crack Model
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
27. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Incident Light
Force Decomposition
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
The Transistor
28. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Heat Capacity
True Stress
M is known as what?
29. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Paramagnetic Materials
Incoherent
Lithography
Fatigue
30. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Luminescence examples
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
31. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Metallization
Linewidth
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
32. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Two kinds of Reflection
33. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Paramagnetic Materials
Linewidth
Why materials fail in service
Where does DBTT occur?
34. Stress concentration at a crack tips
How an LCD works
Griffith Crack Model
Bending tests
The three modes of crack surface displacement
35. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Fatigue
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Reflection of Light for Metals
Coherent
36. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Paramagnetic Materials
Valence band
Two kinds of Reflection
There is no perfect material?
37. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Electrical Conduction
Color
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Metallization
38. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
M is known as what?
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Bending tests
Ductile Fracture
39. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Superconductivity
Thermal expansion
Paramagnetic Materials
Opaque
40. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
How an LCD works
Film Deposition
Metallization
Opacity
41. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Thermal Stresses
Refraction
Bending tests
Lithography
42. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Engineering Fracture Performance
Holloman Equation
Stress Intensity Factor
Electrical Conduction
43. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Incoherent
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Meissner Effect
Valence band
44. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Reflection of Light for Metals
4 Types of Magnetism
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Rockwell
45. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Elastic Deformation
Refraction
Ductile Materials
Rockwell
46. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Transgranular Fracture
Charpy or Izod test
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Luminescence examples
47. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
How an LCD works
LASER
48. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Ductile Materials
Heat Capacity
Superconductivity
49. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Opacity
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Stress Intensity values
Why materials fail in service
50. Is analogous to toughness.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Luminescence examples
Impact energy
Rockwell