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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Coherent
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Bending tests
Impact - Toughness
2. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Brittle Ceramics
Yield and Reliability
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
3. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Thermal Conductivity
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Force Decomposition
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
4. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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5. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Not severe
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Thermal Conductivity
6. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
True Stress
Specific Heat
High impact energy
Two kinds of Reflection
7. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
LASER
True Stress
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
8. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Sparkle of Diamonds
Opaque
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
9. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Intergranular Fracture
Ductile Fracture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
10. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Why materials fail in service
Valence band
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
11. Diffuse image
Lithography
Force Decomposition
Translucent
Refraction
12. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Linewidth
Conduction & Electron Transport
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
13. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Metallization
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Slip Bands
Ductile Materials
14. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Stress Intensity Factor
Incident Light
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Relative Permeability
15. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Transgranular Fracture
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Bending tests
16. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Internal magnetic moments
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
17. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Lithography
Engineering Fracture Performance
Film Deposition
Stress Intensity Factor
18. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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19. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Fourier's Law
Engineering Fracture Performance
Film Deposition
What do magnetic moments arise from?
20. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Metallization
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
21. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Superconductivity
Bending tests
Luminescence
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
22. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Large Hardness
Electromigration
Meissner Effect
Brittle Materials
23. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Reflection of Light for Metals
Electromigration
Superconductivity
Slip Bands
24. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Meissner Effect
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Translucent
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
25. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Color
Intergranular Fracture
Electromigration
26. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Electrical Conduction
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Rockwell
27. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Conduction & Electron Transport
True Strain
Sparkle of Diamonds
Electrical Conduction
28. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Elastic Deformation
Sparkle of Diamonds
Hard Magnetic Materials
29. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Thermal expansion
Bending tests
True Strain
Two kinds of Reflection
30. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Griffith Crack Model
Linewidth
Not severe
Metallization
31. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Lithography
Scattering
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Reflectance of Non-Metals
32. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Two kinds of Reflection
There is no perfect material?
Work Hardening
Thermal expansion
33. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Holloman Equation
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Brittle Fracture
34. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Two ways to measure heat capacity
LASER
Opaque
35. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Luminescence examples
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Sparkle of Diamonds
36. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Reflection of Light for Metals
Work Hardening
37. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Hardness
Opacity
Magnetic Storage
True Strain
38. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Metallization
Magnetic Storage
39. Is analogous to toughness.
Meissner Effect
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
Impact energy
40. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Thermal Stresses
Large Hardness
Brittle Materials
There is no perfect material?
41. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Work Hardening
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Relative Permeability
Fatigue
42. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
There is no perfect material?
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Hard Magnetic Materials
43. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Heat Capacity
Meissner Effect
44. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Oxidation
Transparent
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Impact - Toughness
45. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Luminescence
Film Deposition
How an LCD works
46. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Brittle Ceramics
Scattering
Soft Magnetic Materials
Griffith Crack Model
47. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Holloman Equation
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Hardness
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
48. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
The Transistor
Luminescence examples
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Valence band
49. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Elastic Deformation
Intergranular Fracture
There is no perfect material?
50. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Hardness
Opaque
Stress Intensity values