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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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2. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Refraction
Soft Magnetic Materials
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Intrinsic Semiconductors
3. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Specific Heat
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Brittle Fracture
4. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Force Decomposition
High impact energy
Transgranular Fracture
Thermal Conductivity
5. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Fourier's Law
High impact energy
Metallization
6. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Opaque
Conduction & Electron Transport
Thermal expansion
7. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Holloman Equation
Rockwell
Conduction & Electron Transport
Etching
8. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
LASER
4 Types of Magnetism
There is no perfect material?
9. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Meissner Effect
Diamagnetic Materials
Insulators
Extrinsic Semiconductors
10. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Why materials fail in service
Ductile Fracture
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Ductile Materials
11. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Lithography
Response to a Magnetic Field
Ductile Fracture
Coherent
12. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Electrical Conduction
Charpy or Izod test
Soft Magnetic Materials
13. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Luminescence
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Electrical Conduction
Where does DBTT occur?
14. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
There is no perfect material?
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Brittle Materials
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
15. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Refraction
Opacifiers
Color
Scattering
16. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Ductile Materials
Force Decomposition
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Oxidation
17. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Refraction
Holloman Equation
4 Types of Magnetism
Ductile Fracture
18. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Impact energy
Insulators
19. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Sparkle of Diamonds
Charpy or Izod test
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Transparent
20. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Yield and Reliability
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Translucent
21. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Electrical Conduction
Incoherent
22. Emitted light is in phase
Slip Bands
Meissner Effect
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Coherent
23. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Impact energy
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Force Decomposition
Translucent
24. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Relative Permeability
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Coherent
25. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Impact - Toughness
High impact energy
Magnetic Storage
Incoherent
26. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
True Strain
High impact energy
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Slip Bands
27. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Thermal Stresses
Force Decomposition
Superconductivity
Lithography
28. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Fatigue
Shear and Tensile Stress
Brittle Ceramics
Paramagnetic Materials
29. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Thermal Stresses
Brittle Ceramics
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Yield and Reliability
30. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Reflection of Light for Metals
Thermal Stresses
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Bending tests
31. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Why materials fail in service
Elastic Deformation
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
32. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Internal magnetic moments
Transparent
Brittle Ceramics
Thermal expansion
33. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Fatigue
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Meissner Effect
Slip Bands
34. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Holloman Equation
Bending tests
Relative Permeability
Slip Bands
35. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Ductile Materials
Incoherent
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Scattering
36. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Refraction
Incoherent
Not severe
37. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Luminescence
Brittle Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
38. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Elastic Deformation
Thermal Shock Resistance
Lithography
Insulators
39. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Force Decomposition
Not severe
M is known as what?
Luminescence examples
40. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Fatigue
Metallization
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Response to a Magnetic Field
41. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Color
Yield and Reliability
Incident Light
42. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Electromigration
Work Hardening
43. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Thermal Stresses
Thermal expansion
Shear and Tensile Stress
There is no perfect material?
44. Diffuse image
True Strain
Translucent
Luminescence
Hard Magnetic Materials
45. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Electromigration
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
M is known as what?
Superconductivity
46. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Translucent
High impact energy
Sparkle of Diamonds
47. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Not severe
Linewidth
Two kinds of Reflection
Conduction & Electron Transport
48. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Thermal Shock Resistance
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Valence band
Rockwell
49. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
The Transistor
Slip Bands
Sparkle of Diamonds
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
50. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Hardness
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve