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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Transparent
Elastic Deformation
Brittle Fracture
Reflectance of Non-Metals
2. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Two kinds of Reflection
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Not severe
Etching
3. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Lithography
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Insulators
Transparent
4. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Soft Magnetic Materials
Refraction
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Thermal expansion
5. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Brittle Ceramics
Rockwell
Hardness
Metallization
6. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
There is no perfect material?
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Conduction & Electron Transport
Fatigue
7. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Ductile Fracture
Opaque
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Etching
8. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Conduction & Electron Transport
There is no perfect material?
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
9. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Metallization
Luminescence examples
Sparkle of Diamonds
Ductile Materials
10. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Opacity
Luminescence
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Diamagnetic Materials
11. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Transgranular Fracture
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
To improve fatigue life
Opaque
12. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
True Strain
Ductile Fracture
Opacifiers
4 Types of Magnetism
13. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Fourier's Law
LASER
Ductile Materials
Opacifiers
14. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Elastic Deformation
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
15. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Luminescence examples
Yield and Reliability
Refraction
Soft Magnetic Materials
16. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Impact energy
Thermal Conductivity
Where does DBTT occur?
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
17. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Bending tests
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Rockwell
Paramagnetic Materials
18. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Internal magnetic moments
Elastic Deformation
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
19. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
True Stress
Electromigration
Color
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
20. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
To improve fatigue life
Ductile Fracture
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
21. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Luminescence examples
Relative Permeability
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
LASER
22. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
High impact energy
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Oxidation
Superconductivity
23. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Specific Heat
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Stress Intensity Factor
Luminescence examples
24. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Stress Intensity Factor
Sparkle of Diamonds
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Conduction & Electron Transport
25. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Luminescence examples
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Electrical Conduction
Brittle Fracture
26. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Incoherent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Magnetic Storage Media Types
27. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Translucent
Heat Capacity
How an LCD works
M is known as what?
28. Is analogous to toughness.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Impact energy
Insulators
Extrinsic Semiconductors
29. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Specific Heat
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Relative Permeability
30. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Not severe
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Slip Bands
Coherent
31. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Brittle Fracture
Film Deposition
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
The Transistor
32. Diffuse image
Metallization
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
How an LCD works
Translucent
33. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Transgranular Fracture
Intergranular Fracture
Ductile Materials
34. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Fatigue
Refraction
Yield and Reliability
True Stress
35. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
There is no perfect material?
M is known as what?
Response to a Magnetic Field
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
36. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Brittle Materials
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Color
37. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Why materials fail in service
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
How an LCD works
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
38. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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39. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Luminescence
Sparkle of Diamonds
Thermal Shock Resistance
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
40. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Intergranular Fracture
Engineering Fracture Performance
41. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Brittle Ceramics
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
42. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Valence band
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Griffith Crack Model
Electromigration
43. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Specific Heat
Hard Magnetic Materials
The Transistor
44. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
M is known as what?
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Metallization
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
45. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Valence band
Refraction
Why materials fail in service
46. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Lithography
Linewidth
Yield and Reliability
47. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Incident Light
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Lithography
Reflectance of Non-Metals
48. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Coherent
Thermal Stresses
High impact energy
Two ways to measure heat capacity
49. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Incoherent
Insulators
Heat Capacity
50. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Thermal Conductivity
Meissner Effect
Diamagnetic Materials
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores