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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.






2. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)






3. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.






4. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.






5. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION

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6. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.






7. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.






8. Stress concentration at a crack tips






9. Occur when lots of dislocations move.






10. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)






11. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.






12. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R






13. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.






14. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.






15. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.






16. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of






17. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in






18. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






19. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is






20. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture






21. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe






22. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.






23. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.






24. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.






25. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid






26. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values






27. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.






28. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance






29. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.






30. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.






31. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.






32. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.






33. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.






34. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.






35. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.






36. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.






37. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.






38. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.

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39. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))






40. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)






41. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.






42. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress






43. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.






44. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)






45. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds






46. Sigma=ln(li/lo)






47. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.






48. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation






49. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






50. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.







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