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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Electrical Conduction
Slip Bands
Translucent
Paramagnetic Materials
2. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Fourier's Law
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Luminescence
Hard Magnetic Materials
3. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Transparent
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Metallization
4. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Refraction
Brittle Ceramics
Refraction
5. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Specific Heat
Slip Bands
6. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Yield and Reliability
7. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Griffith Crack Model
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Hardness
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
8. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Impact energy
Brittle Fracture
Metallization
9. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
The Transistor
Thermal Stresses
Insulators
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
10. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
LASER
Heat Capacity
Stress Intensity values
The Transistor
11. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Opacity
Hardness
Holloman Equation
Metallization
12. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Where does DBTT occur?
13. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Incoherent
Two kinds of Reflection
Thermal Shock Resistance
14. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
How an LCD works
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Conduction & Electron Transport
The three modes of crack surface displacement
15. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Scattering
Specific Heat
Thermal expansion
16. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Linewidth
Shear and Tensile Stress
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
HB (Brinell Hardness)
17. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Intergranular Fracture
Specific Heat
18. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Conduction & Electron Transport
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Hard Magnetic Materials
Insulators
19. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Force Decomposition
Translucent
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
20. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Luminescence
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
21. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Incident Light
Ductile Materials
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Brittle Materials
22. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
23. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Brittle Ceramics
Soft Magnetic Materials
Impact - Toughness
Conduction & Electron Transport
24. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Fourier's Law
Meissner Effect
Scattering
Fatigue
25. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
Luminescence examples
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Transgranular Fracture
26. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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27. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
True Stress
Griffith Crack Model
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
28. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Etching
Relative Permeability
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Electromigration
29. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Transparent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Internal magnetic moments
Fatigue
30. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Refraction
Magnetic Storage
Valence band
Stress Intensity Factor
31. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Lithography
Electrical Conduction
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
32. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Charpy or Izod test
Electromigration
Magnetic Storage
33. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Scattering
Fourier's Law
34. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Specific Heat
Reflection of Light for Metals
35. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Lithography
Scattering
Response to a Magnetic Field
36. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Paramagnetic Materials
Soft Magnetic Materials
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Two ways to measure heat capacity
37. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Superconductivity
Linewidth
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Engineering Fracture Performance
38. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Yield and Reliability
Two kinds of Reflection
To improve fatigue life
Conduction & Electron Transport
39. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Brittle Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
How an LCD works
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
40. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Opaque
Transparent
True Strain
4 Types of Magnetism
41. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Impact - Toughness
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Opaque
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
42. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Bending tests
Large Hardness
Magnetic Storage
Why materials fail in service
43. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Thermal Conductivity
Hardness
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Hard Magnetic Materials
44. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
Hard Magnetic Materials
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Griffith Crack Model
45. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Brittle Ceramics
Holloman Equation
How an LCD works
Thermal Shock Resistance
46. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Opacity
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
47. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Refraction
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Thermal expansion
Lithography
48. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Luminescence examples
Thermal Stresses
Brittle Materials
49. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Yield and Reliability
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
50. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Impact energy
Meissner Effect
Luminescence examples
Brittle Materials