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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Slip Bands
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Incident Light
2. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Hardness
Specific Heat
Linewidth
3. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Slip Bands
Hard Magnetic Materials
The three modes of crack surface displacement
4. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Griffith Crack Model
Stress Intensity values
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Charpy or Izod test
5. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Diamagnetic Materials
Heat Capacity
There is no perfect material?
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
6. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Electrical Conduction
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Yield and Reliability
Large Hardness
7. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Luminescence
Hardness
4 Types of Magnetism
Transgranular Fracture
8. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
4 Types of Magnetism
Large Hardness
Soft Magnetic Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
9. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
True Strain
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Meissner Effect
Where does DBTT occur?
10. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Coherent
HB (Brinell Hardness)
To improve fatigue life
The three modes of crack surface displacement
11. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Holloman Equation
12. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Incoherent
Brittle Materials
13. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
14. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
LASER
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Holloman Equation
15. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Internal magnetic moments
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Color
Response to a Magnetic Field
16. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
The Transistor
M is known as what?
Ductile Fracture
17. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Hardness
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Superconductivity
18. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
High impact energy
Yield and Reliability
There is no perfect material?
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
19. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
M is known as what?
Impact energy
Ductile Materials
Yield and Reliability
20. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Transgranular Fracture
Opacifiers
True Stress
21. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Fourier's Law
Two ways to measure heat capacity
22. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Yield and Reliability
Magnetic Storage
Reflection of Light for Metals
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
23. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Thermal Stresses
Etching
Electromigration
Luminescence examples
24. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Reflection of Light for Metals
Why materials fail in service
Scattering
25. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Thermal Conductivity
Oxidation
Electrical Conduction
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
26. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Intergranular Fracture
Incoherent
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
27. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Work Hardening
Color
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Not severe
28. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Superconductivity
Refraction
Transgranular Fracture
Transparent
29. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Incoherent
Oxidation
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Impact - Toughness
30. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
31. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Color
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Thermal expansion
LASER
32. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Refraction
Extrinsic Semiconductors
True Strain
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
33. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Scattering
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Sparkle of Diamonds
Engineering Fracture Performance
34. Diffuse image
Translucent
Response to a Magnetic Field
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Magnetic Storage
35. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Specific Heat
Bending tests
36. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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37. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Coherent
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Sparkle of Diamonds
True Stress
38. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Thermal Stresses
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Intergranular Fracture
Color
39. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Electrical Conduction
Sparkle of Diamonds
Elastic Deformation
Linewidth
40. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Refraction
Lithography
Fatigue
41. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Relative Permeability
Conduction & Electron Transport
Incident Light
42. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
How an LCD works
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
43. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Diamagnetic Materials
M is known as what?
44. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Insulators
Transgranular Fracture
True Strain
45. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Where does DBTT occur?
Thermal Conductivity
Film Deposition
Luminescence examples
46. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Fatigue
Intergranular Fracture
Force Decomposition
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
47. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Ductile Materials
Charpy or Izod test
High impact energy
Impact energy
48. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
LASER
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
49. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
The Transistor
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
To improve fatigue life
50. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Scattering
Where does DBTT occur?
Electrical Conduction