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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Relative Permeability
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
M is known as what?
Diamagnetic Materials
2. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Superconductivity
Scattering
Thermal expansion
HB (Brinell Hardness)
3. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Luminescence
Brittle Ceramics
Oxidation
Magnetic Storage Media Types
4. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
To improve fatigue life
Linewidth
There is no perfect material?
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
5. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
High impact energy
Conduction & Electron Transport
Translucent
6. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Internal magnetic moments
Holloman Equation
Where does DBTT occur?
To improve fatigue life
7. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Color
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Work Hardening
8. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Luminescence examples
Incident Light
9. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASER
Yield and Reliability
Translucent
Impact - Toughness
10. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Why materials fail in service
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Metallization
Thermal Stresses
11. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Oxidation
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Brittle Fracture
True Stress
12. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Thermal Shock Resistance
Large Hardness
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Reflection of Light for Metals
13. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
What do magnetic moments arise from?
True Stress
Specific Heat
Engineering Fracture Performance
14. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Rockwell
Incoherent
Engineering Fracture Performance
15. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Transparent
Refraction
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Etching
16. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Translucent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Ductile Materials
17. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Lithography
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Stress Intensity values
18. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
Lithography
Transparent
19. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Intergranular Fracture
Impact energy
High impact energy
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
20. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Thermal expansion
Scattering
Thermal Conductivity
Paramagnetic Materials
21. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Incoherent
Meissner Effect
Scattering
The three modes of crack surface displacement
22. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Brittle Ceramics
Slip Bands
True Strain
23. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
How an LCD works
Etching
Why materials fail in service
Stress Intensity values
24. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Meissner Effect
Thermal Conductivity
25. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Hardness
Thermal Stresses
Fourier's Law
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
26. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Lithography
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Reflection of Light for Metals
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
27. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Electromigration
There is no perfect material?
Intrinsic Semiconductors
28. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Slip Bands
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Where does DBTT occur?
Soft Magnetic Materials
29. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Ductile Fracture
LASER
Intergranular Fracture
30. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
High impact energy
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Superconductivity
31. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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32. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Film Deposition
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Hardness
Oxidation
33. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Electrical Conduction
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types
34. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
The Transistor
Lithography
Impact - Toughness
35. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Electrical Conduction
Oxidation
Etching
36. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Luminescence
Incident Light
Specific Heat
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
37. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Coherent
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Electrical Conduction
Scattering
38. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Oxidation
Fatigue
Brittle Ceramics
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
39. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Bending tests
Thermal Stresses
40. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Paramagnetic Materials
Hardness
Yield and Reliability
Incoherent
41. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Large Hardness
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Insulators
Holloman Equation
42. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Holloman Equation
Large Hardness
Shear and Tensile Stress
Linewidth
43. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Not severe
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
44. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage
Insulators
Electromigration
45. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
To improve fatigue life
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Superconductivity
46. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
The Transistor
Metallization
Transparent
Not severe
47. Diffuse image
Translucent
Hard Magnetic Materials
Force Decomposition
4 Types of Magnetism
48. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Hard Magnetic Materials
Rockwell
Brittle Materials
49. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Internal magnetic moments
Intergranular Fracture
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Ductile Materials
50. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Work Hardening
Relative Permeability
Conduction & Electron Transport