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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Fatigue
Refraction
There is no perfect material?
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
2. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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3. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Impact energy
Conduction & Electron Transport
Refraction
Superconductivity
4. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Thermal expansion
How an LCD works
There is no perfect material?
Charpy or Izod test
5. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Ductile Fracture
Thermal Stresses
Luminescence
6. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Electromigration
Fatigue
Ductile Fracture
Transparent
7. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Rockwell
Specific Heat
Thermal Stresses
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
8. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Electromigration
Intergranular Fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
9. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Opacity
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Griffith Crack Model
Brittle Fracture
10. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Engineering Fracture Performance
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Brittle Materials
Fourier's Law
11. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Heat Capacity
Hardness
Scattering
12. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Luminescence
Internal magnetic moments
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Brittle Materials
13. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Brittle Ceramics
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Response to a Magnetic Field
14. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
LASER
High impact energy
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Linewidth
15. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Stress Intensity values
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Intergranular Fracture
16. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Paramagnetic Materials
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Engineering Fracture Performance
Large Hardness
17. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Color
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Brittle Fracture
18. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Brittle Fracture
Scattering
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Slip Bands
19. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Rockwell
Etching
Heat Capacity
20. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Meissner Effect
There is no perfect material?
Opacity
21. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Not severe
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Oxidation
Engineering Fracture Performance
22. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
Soft Magnetic Materials
Fatigue
Opaque
23. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Translucent
Opaque
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Holloman Equation
24. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Stress Intensity values
Holloman Equation
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Metallization
25. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Metallization
Opacifiers
Specific Heat
Bending tests
26. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Brittle Materials
Luminescence
4 Types of Magnetism
27. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Magnetic Storage
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
28. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Response to a Magnetic Field
29. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Stress Intensity values
Shear and Tensile Stress
Heat Capacity
Luminescence
30. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Where does DBTT occur?
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
31. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Stress Intensity values
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Shear and Tensile Stress
Magnetic Storage
32. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Color
Brittle Materials
Translucent
Thermal Conductivity
33. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Transgranular Fracture
Luminescence examples
Rockwell
34. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Yield and Reliability
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
35. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Charpy or Izod test
There is no perfect material?
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
M is known as what?
36. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
There is no perfect material?
Ductile Materials
Film Deposition
Impact energy
37. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Coherent
Hardness
Electromigration
38. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Force Decomposition
Superconductivity
Ductile Materials
Reflection of Light for Metals
39. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Bending tests
Linewidth
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Slip Bands
40. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
Impact - Toughness
Metallization
Film Deposition
41. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
True Strain
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Not severe
Relative Permeability
42. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Insulators
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
43. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Holloman Equation
Yield and Reliability
Charpy or Izod test
Luminescence examples
44. Diffuse image
Stress Intensity Factor
Elastic Deformation
Opacity
Translucent
45. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Metallization
Ductile Materials
Paramagnetic Materials
46. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Film Deposition
Incoherent
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
47. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Holloman Equation
Etching
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Stress Intensity values
48. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Fourier's Law
Force Decomposition
Meissner Effect
Soft Magnetic Materials
49. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Meissner Effect
Large Hardness
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
50. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
4 Types of Magnetism
Color
Valence band
Shear and Tensile Stress