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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.






2. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.






3. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.






4. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of






5. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe






6. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.






7. Emitted light is in phase






8. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent






9. Diffuse image






10. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.






11. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values






12. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






13. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.






14. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.






15. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)






16. Materials change size when temperature is changed






17. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.






18. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.






19. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant






20. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional






21. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.






22. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion






23. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.






24. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.






25. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.






26. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.






27. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.






28. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture






29. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str






30. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.






31. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in






32. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)






33. Second phase particles with n > glass.






34. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule






35. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.






36. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio






37. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.






38. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."






39. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid






40. Stress concentration at a crack tips






41. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)






42. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.






43. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d






44. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






45. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.






46. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)






47. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is






48. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation






49. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.






50. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.







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