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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Film Deposition
2. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Rockwell
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Incident Light
LASER
3. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Internal magnetic moments
Color
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Valence band
4. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Transgranular Fracture
Coherent
Holloman Equation
5. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Transgranular Fracture
True Stress
Ductile Materials
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
6. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Electrical Conduction
Opaque
Film Deposition
Heat Capacity
7. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Impact energy
Translucent
M is known as what?
8. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Oxidation
Heat Capacity
True Stress
Engineering Fracture Performance
9. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Color
Diamagnetic Materials
10. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Electrical Conduction
Thermal Shock Resistance
Why materials fail in service
Stress Intensity Factor
11. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Yield and Reliability
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Paramagnetic Materials
12. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Metallization
Incoherent
Brittle Ceramics
Two ways to measure heat capacity
13. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Diamagnetic Materials
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Slip Bands
14. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Soft Magnetic Materials
Force Decomposition
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
15. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Bending tests
Specific Heat
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
16. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Relative Permeability
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Impact energy
Why materials fail in service
17. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Opacifiers
Thermal Stresses
Intrinsic Semiconductors
True Stress
18. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Diamagnetic Materials
4 Types of Magnetism
Etching
Luminescence examples
19. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Oxidation
Incident Light
True Strain
20. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Shear and Tensile Stress
Magnetic Storage
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
21. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Holloman Equation
Thermal Conductivity
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
22. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Force Decomposition
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
True Stress
Valence band
23. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Lithography
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
4 Types of Magnetism
Linewidth
24. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
LASER
Paramagnetic Materials
Insulators
Refraction
25. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Reflection of Light for Metals
Specific Heat
High impact energy
Reflectance of Non-Metals
26. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Thermal Stresses
Thermal expansion
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Two kinds of Reflection
27. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Metallization
Translucent
Ductile Materials
28. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Slip Bands
Internal magnetic moments
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Paramagnetic Materials
29. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Paramagnetic Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
30. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Work Hardening
Where does DBTT occur?
Specific Heat
Opaque
31. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
Electromigration
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Linewidth
32. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
Magnetic Storage
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
33. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
How an LCD works
Scattering
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Transparent
34. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Brittle Fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
Incoherent
35. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Superconductivity
Ductile Fracture
Refraction
36. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Why materials fail in service
The Transistor
To improve fatigue life
37. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Thermal Shock Resistance
To improve fatigue life
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
38. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Scattering
Stress Intensity Factor
Extrinsic Semiconductors
39. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Fatigue
Brittle Ceramics
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Brittle Fracture
40. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
4 Types of Magnetism
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Large Hardness
41. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Large Hardness
Valence band
Heat Capacity
Intrinsic Semiconductors
42. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
High impact energy
Translucent
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Charpy or Izod test
43. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
True Stress
Griffith Crack Model
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
44. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Reflection of Light for Metals
Rockwell
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Luminescence
45. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Why materials fail in service
Lithography
Heat Capacity
46. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Insulators
Brittle Ceramics
Engineering Fracture Performance
47. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Brittle Materials
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
48. Emitted light is in phase
Thermal Shock Resistance
Coherent
Elastic Deformation
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
49. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Transgranular Fracture
Insulators
Hard Magnetic Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
50. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Engineering Fracture Performance
Impact - Toughness
Sparkle of Diamonds
What do magnetic moments arise from?