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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.






2. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.






3. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance






4. Materials change size when temperature is changed






5. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel






6. Second phase particles with n > glass.






7. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






8. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.






9. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.






10. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.






11. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB






12. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)






13. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.






14. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)






15. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.






16. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.






17. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.






18. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is






19. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant






20. Is analogous to toughness.






21. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent






22. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.






23. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing






24. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.






25. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by






26. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.






27. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.






28. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting






29. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str






30. Occur when lots of dislocations move.






31. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection






32. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in






33. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.






34. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.






35. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.






36. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.






37. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.






38. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe






39. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)






40. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.






41. Stress concentration at a crack tips






42. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow






43. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface






44. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation






45. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values






46. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion






47. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe






48. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.






49. Emitted light is in phase






50. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals







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