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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Where does DBTT occur?
Response to a Magnetic Field
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
2. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Soft Magnetic Materials
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Valence band
Incident Light
3. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Charpy or Izod test
Internal magnetic moments
Electrical Conduction
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
4. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Opaque
Paramagnetic Materials
The Transistor
Conduction & Electron Transport
5. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Slip Bands
Sparkle of Diamonds
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Coherent
6. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Etching
Opacifiers
Magnetic Storage
Incoherent
7. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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8. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Hard Magnetic Materials
9. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Thermal Shock Resistance
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Bending tests
Thermal expansion
10. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Force Decomposition
Ductile Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
11. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Electrical Conduction
Refraction
Diamagnetic Materials
Impact - Toughness
12. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Heat Capacity
Transparent
Rockwell
Superconductivity
13. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Griffith Crack Model
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
14. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Holloman Equation
Elastic Deformation
Work Hardening
Opacity
15. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Magnetic Storage
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
16. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Impact - Toughness
Incoherent
Translucent
17. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Ductile Fracture
Brittle Fracture
Elastic Deformation
To improve fatigue life
18. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Reflection of Light for Metals
How an LCD works
Opacifiers
Metallization
19. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Ductile Fracture
Fatigue
Response to a Magnetic Field
Force Decomposition
20. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Valence band
Specific Heat
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Insulators
21. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Superconductivity
Refraction
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
22. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Stress Intensity values
Hardness
Magnetic Storage Media Types
23. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Relative Permeability
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Ductile Fracture
24. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Diamagnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage
Transparent
Color
25. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Incident Light
Opaque
Brittle Ceramics
Opacity
26. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Impact - Toughness
Intrinsic Semiconductors
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Incoherent
27. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Large Hardness
Stress Intensity values
Superconductivity
28. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Elastic Deformation
Not severe
Why materials fail in service
Force Decomposition
29. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Thermal Stresses
Metallization
Griffith Crack Model
Refraction
30. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Luminescence
Force Decomposition
HB (Brinell Hardness)
True Stress
31. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
To improve fatigue life
Two kinds of Reflection
Thermal Stresses
Intergranular Fracture
32. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Electrical Conduction
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Impact - Toughness
Bending tests
33. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Film Deposition
High impact energy
Soft Magnetic Materials
Valence band
34. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Engineering Fracture Performance
How an LCD works
Reflection of Light for Metals
High impact energy
35. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Soft Magnetic Materials
Fourier's Law
Heat Capacity
36. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Thermal Stresses
Yield and Reliability
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
The Transistor
37. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Paramagnetic Materials
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Intergranular Fracture
Opacifiers
38. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Charpy or Izod test
Lithography
Elastic Deformation
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
39. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Griffith Crack Model
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Fatigue
Incident Light
40. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Magnetic Storage
Scattering
Translucent
41. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Incident Light
Electromigration
Scattering
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
42. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Hardness
Force Decomposition
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Shear and Tensile Stress
43. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Large Hardness
There is no perfect material?
Two ways to measure heat capacity
44. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Film Deposition
Hard Magnetic Materials
Intergranular Fracture
45. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Transparent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Sparkle of Diamonds
Conduction & Electron Transport
46. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Force Decomposition
Film Deposition
Large Hardness
Brittle Ceramics
47. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Relative Permeability
Response to a Magnetic Field
Shear and Tensile Stress
48. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Engineering Fracture Performance
Large Hardness
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Griffith Crack Model
49. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Hardness
Response to a Magnetic Field
Oxidation
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
50. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Translucent
Elastic Deformation