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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Ductile Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Opaque
2. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
How an LCD works
There is no perfect material?
Large Hardness
Insulators
3. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Metallization
Ductile Fracture
Griffith Crack Model
Heat Capacity
4. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Specific Heat
Shear and Tensile Stress
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Superconductivity
5. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Heat Capacity
True Strain
Transparent
6. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
Griffith Crack Model
Insulators
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
7. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Intergranular Fracture
Where does DBTT occur?
Sparkle of Diamonds
8. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Color
Lithography
The Transistor
Etching
9. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Elastic Deformation
Refraction
Lithography
The three modes of crack surface displacement
10. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
M is known as what?
Incoherent
11. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Engineering Fracture Performance
Impact - Toughness
Incoherent
12. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Magnetic Storage
Thermal Conductivity
Coherent
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
13. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Impact energy
Heat Capacity
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Brittle Ceramics
14. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Stress Intensity values
High impact energy
Specific Heat
Transgranular Fracture
15. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Film Deposition
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Diamagnetic Materials
Linewidth
16. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Ductile Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
17. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Yield and Reliability
Rockwell
Linewidth
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
18. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Valence band
Meissner Effect
LASER
Ductile Fracture
19. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Transgranular Fracture
Slip Bands
Rockwell
Incident Light
20. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Heat Capacity
Engineering Fracture Performance
Force Decomposition
Thermal expansion
21. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Reflection of Light for Metals
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Brittle Ceramics
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
22. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Luminescence
Thermal Shock Resistance
Work Hardening
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
23. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Impact - Toughness
Yield and Reliability
24. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Why materials fail in service
There is no perfect material?
Diamagnetic Materials
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
25. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Superconductivity
Rockwell
Metallization
26. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Ductile Materials
Diamagnetic Materials
Two kinds of Reflection
27. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Rockwell
Refraction
Oxidation
Opacity
28. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Thermal Shock Resistance
Insulators
Opaque
Electrical Conduction
29. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Refraction
Metallization
Fatigue
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
30. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Electrical Conduction
Lithography
Brittle Materials
To improve fatigue life
31. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Sparkle of Diamonds
True Stress
32. Diffuse image
Translucent
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Transgranular Fracture
Meissner Effect
33. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Work Hardening
Opacifiers
Slip Bands
34. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Specific Heat
Incident Light
Work Hardening
Ductile Materials
35. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Color
Two kinds of Reflection
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Electromigration
36. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Incoherent
Slip Bands
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
37. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Heat Capacity
Paramagnetic Materials
38. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Impact energy
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
39. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Stress Intensity Factor
Relative Permeability
Metallization
40. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Thermal expansion
Sparkle of Diamonds
Luminescence examples
Internal magnetic moments
41. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Heat Capacity
Reflection of Light for Metals
42. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Incoherent
Valence band
Why materials fail in service
Two ways to measure heat capacity
43. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Opacity
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Work Hardening
Where does DBTT occur?
44. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Bending tests
Refraction
Relative Permeability
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
45. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Ductile Fracture
LASER
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
46. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Internal magnetic moments
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Linewidth
Two ways to measure heat capacity
47. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Transparent
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Not severe
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
48. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Thermal Conductivity
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Work Hardening
Reflectance of Non-Metals
49. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Ductile Fracture
Relative Permeability
Refraction
Magnetic Storage Media Types
50. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Response to a Magnetic Field
Large Hardness
Soft Magnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage