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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Paramagnetic Materials
2. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Brittle Ceramics
Refraction
Transgranular Fracture
3. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Transparent
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Meissner Effect
4. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Specific Heat
Heat Capacity
Metallization
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
5. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Stress Intensity values
The three modes of crack surface displacement
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Extrinsic Semiconductors
6. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Refraction
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Metallization
7. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Griffith Crack Model
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Not severe
Brittle Ceramics
8. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Brittle Ceramics
There is no perfect material?
Insulators
9. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Metallization
Not severe
Opacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
10. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Griffith Crack Model
Incident Light
Magnetic Storage Media Types
11. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Shear and Tensile Stress
Valence band
Magnetic Storage
12. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
True Strain
Transparent
Elastic Deformation
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
13. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Stress Intensity values
Fourier's Law
Thermal Conductivity
Magnetic Storage Media Types
14. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
True Stress
Refraction
Brittle Ceramics
Lithography
15. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Stress Intensity values
Incident Light
Thermal Stresses
Opacity
16. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
The Transistor
Impact energy
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Thermal Stresses
17. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
What do magnetic moments arise from?
How an LCD works
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
18. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Superconductivity
Electromigration
Scattering
19. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Color
20. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Hardness
4 Types of Magnetism
Incoherent
21. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Rockwell
Superconductivity
Brittle Materials
Sparkle of Diamonds
22. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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23. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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24. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Color
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
25. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Bending tests
Rockwell
Charpy or Izod test
Linewidth
26. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Meissner Effect
Diamagnetic Materials
Refraction
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
27. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Etching
Large Hardness
Where does DBTT occur?
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
28. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
True Strain
Heat Capacity
Bending tests
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
29. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Thermal Conductivity
Charpy or Izod test
Lithography
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
30. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Sparkle of Diamonds
Force Decomposition
31. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Griffith Crack Model
Valence band
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
32. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Brittle Materials
Reflection of Light for Metals
Transparent
Incoherent
33. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Translucent
Ductile Materials
Reflection of Light for Metals
Brittle Ceramics
34. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
True Stress
Opacity
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
The Transistor
35. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
4 Types of Magnetism
Soft Magnetic Materials
Transgranular Fracture
36. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Superconductivity
Stress Intensity Factor
Opaque
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
37. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Slip Bands
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Reflectance of Non-Metals
38. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Etching
Charpy or Izod test
Electromigration
Opacity
39. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Impact - Toughness
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Opacity
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
40. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Elastic Deformation
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Fourier's Law
Where does DBTT occur?
41. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Sparkle of Diamonds
Linewidth
Hard Magnetic Materials
42. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
43. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Conduction & Electron Transport
Brittle Materials
Work Hardening
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
44. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Thermal Conductivity
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Scattering
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
45. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Incoherent
Fatigue
Conduction & Electron Transport
M is known as what?
46. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Oxidation
Coherent
47. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Where does DBTT occur?
To improve fatigue life
Intergranular Fracture
Fourier's Law
48. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Shear and Tensile Stress
Superconductivity
49. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Soft Magnetic Materials
Fourier's Law
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
50. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Lithography
The Transistor
Reflection of Light for Metals
Transparent
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