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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Specific Heat
Impact - Toughness
Magnetic Storage
Fourier's Law
2. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
How an LCD works
Scattering
To improve fatigue life
Two ways to measure heat capacity
3. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Thermal Conductivity
Force Decomposition
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Electromigration
4. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Transgranular Fracture
Valence band
5. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Specific Heat
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Hard Magnetic Materials
6. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Paramagnetic Materials
Not severe
Brittle Ceramics
True Stress
7. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Luminescence examples
Stress Intensity Factor
Yield and Reliability
8. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Response to a Magnetic Field
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Griffith Crack Model
9. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Brittle Fracture
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Fatigue
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
10. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
Metallization
Opacity
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
11. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Holloman Equation
Oxidation
Work Hardening
12. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Insulators
Magnetic Storage
Thermal expansion
Extrinsic Semiconductors
13. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Insulators
Reflection of Light for Metals
Stress Intensity Factor
Metallization
14. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Etching
Valence band
Response to a Magnetic Field
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
15. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Brittle Fracture
Incident Light
Color
Valence band
16. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Thermal expansion
Oxidation
Fourier's Law
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
17. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Paramagnetic Materials
Holloman Equation
Hardness
Refraction
18. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Transparent
Coherent
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
19. Emitted light is in phase
Impact - Toughness
Electromigration
Coherent
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
20. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Slip Bands
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
High impact energy
Specific Heat
21. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Rockwell
Stress Intensity values
Two kinds of Reflection
Magnetic Storage
22. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Meissner Effect
Elastic Deformation
Transparent
Charpy or Izod test
23. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Fatigue
Color
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Transgranular Fracture
24. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Brittle Fracture
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Griffith Crack Model
Lithography
25. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Slip Bands
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Force Decomposition
Response to a Magnetic Field
26. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Transparent
Engineering Fracture Performance
Scattering
27. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Meissner Effect
Internal magnetic moments
Brittle Ceramics
LASER
28. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Color
Electromigration
Relative Permeability
To improve fatigue life
29. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
To improve fatigue life
Large Hardness
Transgranular Fracture
LASER
30. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Refraction
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Sparkle of Diamonds
Incident Light
31. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Not severe
Scattering
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
32. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Film Deposition
Superconductivity
Thermal Shock Resistance
Incoherent
33. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Superconductivity
Thermal Shock Resistance
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Magnetic Storage
34. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Opacity
Sparkle of Diamonds
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
35. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Meissner Effect
LASER
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Elastic Deformation
36. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Shear and Tensile Stress
Linewidth
37. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Yield and Reliability
The Transistor
High impact energy
Rockwell
38. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
To improve fatigue life
Hardness
There is no perfect material?
LASER
39. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Etching
Impact energy
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Intergranular Fracture
40. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Holloman Equation
Linewidth
41. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
True Strain
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
42. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Holloman Equation
Charpy or Izod test
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
43. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Relative Permeability
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Brittle Ceramics
44. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Ductile Materials
Two ways to measure heat capacity
45. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Oxidation
Hard Magnetic Materials
Bending tests
Intrinsic Semiconductors
46. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Film Deposition
Insulators
Hardness
Large Hardness
47. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
Paramagnetic Materials
Film Deposition
Luminescence examples
48. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Hard Magnetic Materials
Opacifiers
Transgranular Fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
49. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Work Hardening
Thermal Shock Resistance
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Ductile Fracture
50. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Elastic Deformation
Scattering
True Strain
Film Deposition