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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Incident Light
2. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Heat Capacity
Large Hardness
4 Types of Magnetism
Electrical Conduction
3. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Fourier's Law
Luminescence
Brittle Materials
4. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
To improve fatigue life
Intergranular Fracture
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Film Deposition
5. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Valence band
Diamagnetic Materials
6. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Meissner Effect
Stress Intensity values
Shear and Tensile Stress
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
7. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Thermal Conductivity
Film Deposition
Transparent
Internal magnetic moments
8. Is analogous to toughness.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Soft Magnetic Materials
Ductile Fracture
Impact energy
9. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Thermal Shock Resistance
Shear and Tensile Stress
Conduction & Electron Transport
10. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Opaque
Hard Magnetic Materials
11. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Opaque
LASER
Charpy or Izod test
Linewidth
12. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Opaque
Brittle Materials
Magnetic Storage
13. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Linewidth
Luminescence examples
14. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Coherent
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Color
Two kinds of Reflection
15. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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16. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Electromigration
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Intrinsic Semiconductors
17. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Slip Bands
Ductile Materials
Yield and Reliability
Coherent
18. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Intergranular Fracture
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Response to a Magnetic Field
19. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Large Hardness
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Refraction
Intergranular Fracture
20. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Specific Heat
Incident Light
Refraction
Refraction
21. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Relative Permeability
The Transistor
Etching
22. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Meissner Effect
Response to a Magnetic Field
Two kinds of Reflection
Sparkle of Diamonds
23. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Elastic Deformation
Sparkle of Diamonds
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
24. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Sparkle of Diamonds
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Brittle Materials
25. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Ductile Fracture
Heat Capacity
Thermal expansion
Intergranular Fracture
26. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Two ways to measure heat capacity
True Stress
Color
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
27. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Intergranular Fracture
Conduction & Electron Transport
Electromigration
Heat Capacity
28. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Ductile Fracture
Opacifiers
Hardness
29. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Metallization
Response to a Magnetic Field
Specific Heat
30. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Transgranular Fracture
Luminescence examples
Thermal Shock Resistance
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
31. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
True Stress
Two kinds of Reflection
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Ductile Materials
32. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Bending tests
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Transparent
33. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
LASER
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Stress Intensity values
Transparent
34. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Rockwell
4 Types of Magnetism
Slip Bands
Fatigue
35. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Intergranular Fracture
Thermal Conductivity
Opacifiers
36. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Stress Intensity values
Thermal Stresses
37. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Valence band
Large Hardness
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Fatigue
38. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
To improve fatigue life
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Work Hardening
Electrical Conduction
39. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Heat Capacity
Opacity
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
40. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Force Decomposition
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Fatigue
Two ways to measure heat capacity
41. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Specific Heat
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Translucent
42. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Oxidation
Relative Permeability
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Incoherent
43. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Refraction
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
44. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Why materials fail in service
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
45. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
There is no perfect material?
Paramagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Work Hardening
46. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Large Hardness
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
47. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Two kinds of Reflection
Slip Bands
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Etching
48. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Refraction
Internal magnetic moments
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Reflection of Light for Metals
49. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
How an LCD works
Transgranular Fracture
Lithography
50. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Ductile Materials
Large Hardness
Engineering Fracture Performance
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective