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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Oxidation
Yield and Reliability
Transgranular Fracture
Stress Intensity values
2. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Brittle Fracture
Metallization
Reflection of Light for Metals
Reflectance of Non-Metals
3. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Where does DBTT occur?
Shear and Tensile Stress
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Specific Heat
4. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Color
Incident Light
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Electromigration
5. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Internal magnetic moments
Thermal Conductivity
Rockwell
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
6. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Paramagnetic Materials
The Transistor
Color
Yield and Reliability
7. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Not severe
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Thermal expansion
8. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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9. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Brittle Fracture
Thermal Stresses
Metallization
True Stress
10. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Force Decomposition
Magnetic Storage
Stress Intensity values
11. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Why materials fail in service
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Translucent
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
12. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Opacifiers
Relative Permeability
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
13. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Electromigration
Brittle Ceramics
Bending tests
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
14. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Fourier's Law
Refraction
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
The Transistor
15. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
The Transistor
16. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
True Strain
Where does DBTT occur?
Diamagnetic Materials
Impact - Toughness
17. Emitted light is in phase
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Coherent
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Slip Bands
18. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Not severe
Shear and Tensile Stress
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
19. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Shear and Tensile Stress
Incoherent
Work Hardening
20. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Rockwell
4 Types of Magnetism
To improve fatigue life
Oxidation
21. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Reflection of Light for Metals
Valence band
Griffith Crack Model
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
22. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
The Transistor
Thermal Conductivity
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Opaque
23. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Impact energy
Intergranular Fracture
Meissner Effect
Electromigration
24. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Ductile Materials
Hard Magnetic Materials
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
25. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Transgranular Fracture
Opacifiers
Magnetic Storage
Engineering Fracture Performance
26. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Lithography
Thermal expansion
Conduction & Electron Transport
27. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Shear and Tensile Stress
Relative Permeability
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
28. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Metallization
Brittle Ceramics
Opacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
29. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Stress Intensity values
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Thermal Conductivity
Translucent
30. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
4 Types of Magnetism
Incoherent
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Scattering
31. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Intergranular Fracture
Transgranular Fracture
Paramagnetic Materials
32. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Fourier's Law
LASER
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Opaque
33. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Stress Intensity Factor
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Incoherent
Scattering
34. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Refraction
Conduction & Electron Transport
The Transistor
Thermal Stresses
35. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Shear and Tensile Stress
Conduction & Electron Transport
Reflection of Light for Metals
36. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Luminescence
Impact energy
Brittle Ceramics
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
37. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Oxidation
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Electrical Conduction
Yield and Reliability
38. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Hardness
Metallization
Brittle Fracture
Etching
39. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Superconductivity
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
40. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
Sparkle of Diamonds
Impact energy
Refraction
41. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Diamagnetic Materials
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Ductile Materials
42. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Response to a Magnetic Field
Force Decomposition
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
43. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASER
Elastic Deformation
Large Hardness
M is known as what?
44. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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45. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Incoherent
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Thermal expansion
Refraction
46. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Valence band
Translucent
47. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Opacifiers
Magnetic Storage
4 Types of Magnetism
Not severe
48. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Transgranular Fracture
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Metallization
49. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Internal magnetic moments
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Fatigue
Opacifiers
50. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Impact energy
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Fatigue
Thermal Conductivity