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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Paramagnetic Materials
To improve fatigue life
Electromigration
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
2. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Griffith Crack Model
Thermal expansion
Valence band
3. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Elastic Deformation
Transgranular Fracture
Oxidation
4 Types of Magnetism
4. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Elastic Deformation
Bending tests
LASER
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
5. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Electromigration
Work Hardening
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
6. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Valence band
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Electrical Conduction
7. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Metallization
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Transgranular Fracture
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
8. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Color
Reflection of Light for Metals
Shear and Tensile Stress
Relative Permeability
9. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
What do magnetic moments arise from?
True Strain
High impact energy
Griffith Crack Model
10. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Two kinds of Reflection
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
11. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Electrical Conduction
Stress Intensity values
High impact energy
Meissner Effect
12. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Engineering Fracture Performance
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Yield and Reliability
13. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Brittle Materials
Coherent
Refraction
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
14. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Superconductivity
Electromigration
Translucent
Hard Magnetic Materials
15. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Internal magnetic moments
Specific Heat
Shear and Tensile Stress
Translucent
16. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Color
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
17. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Electromigration
Thermal Conductivity
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Stress Intensity values
18. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Impact - Toughness
Oxidation
Stress Intensity Factor
Lithography
19. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Slip Bands
Diamagnetic Materials
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
20. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Meissner Effect
Why materials fail in service
Hardness
Electrical Conduction
21. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Stress Intensity values
Paramagnetic Materials
22. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Stress Intensity Factor
There is no perfect material?
Thermal expansion
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
23. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Work Hardening
Ductile Fracture
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Heat Capacity
24. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Holloman Equation
Thermal Shock Resistance
M is known as what?
4 Types of Magnetism
25. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
The Transistor
Intergranular Fracture
Soft Magnetic Materials
26. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Response to a Magnetic Field
True Stress
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
27. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Engineering Fracture Performance
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
M is known as what?
28. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Meissner Effect
Linewidth
Heat Capacity
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
29. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Etching
The Transistor
Lithography
30. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Internal magnetic moments
Diamagnetic Materials
Oxidation
31. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Yield and Reliability
Incoherent
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Valence band
32. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Valence band
The Transistor
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Film Deposition
33. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Ductile Fracture
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Transparent
Charpy or Izod test
34. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
To improve fatigue life
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Relative Permeability
Bending tests
35. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Griffith Crack Model
The Transistor
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
36. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Magnetic Storage
Paramagnetic Materials
Electromigration
Conduction & Electron Transport
37. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Transgranular Fracture
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
38. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Diamagnetic Materials
Coherent
Intrinsic Semiconductors
39. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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40. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Bending tests
Scattering
41. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Intergranular Fracture
Response to a Magnetic Field
Impact energy
42. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Electrical Conduction
Force Decomposition
43. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Hard Magnetic Materials
Why materials fail in service
Large Hardness
Brittle Ceramics
44. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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45. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Impact - Toughness
Refraction
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Elastic Deformation
46. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
The Transistor
Electromigration
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Oxidation
47. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Luminescence
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Two kinds of Reflection
Incident Light
48. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
To improve fatigue life
Rockwell
Thermal Conductivity
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
49. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Bending tests
Work Hardening
Stress Intensity Factor
Coherent
50. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Thermal Conductivity
Slip Bands
Reflection of Light for Metals
Two ways to measure heat capacity