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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Two ways to measure heat capacity
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
To improve fatigue life
Incident Light
2. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Where does DBTT occur?
Opaque
Transparent
3. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Superconductivity
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Slip Bands
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
4. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
How an LCD works
4 Types of Magnetism
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Opacifiers
5. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Thermal Stresses
Heat Capacity
Refraction
6. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Transparent
Linewidth
Fatigue
Meissner Effect
7. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Force Decomposition
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Griffith Crack Model
Insulators
8. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Coherent
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Yield and Reliability
9. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Translucent
Luminescence examples
Soft Magnetic Materials
HB (Brinell Hardness)
10. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Incident Light
Linewidth
Opacity
Slip Bands
11. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Luminescence
Charpy or Izod test
4 Types of Magnetism
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
12. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Elastic Deformation
Not severe
How an LCD works
13. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Film Deposition
LASER
Where does DBTT occur?
Rockwell
14. Emitted light is in phase
The Transistor
Coherent
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Magnetic Storage
15. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Color
Thermal Shock Resistance
True Stress
Relative Permeability
16. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Thermal Conductivity
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Slip Bands
Specific Heat
17. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Ductile Materials
Ductile Fracture
18. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Magnetic Storage
Holloman Equation
High impact energy
19. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Opacifiers
Engineering Fracture Performance
Intergranular Fracture
Bending tests
20. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Diamagnetic Materials
Large Hardness
21. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
4 Types of Magnetism
Thermal Conductivity
There is no perfect material?
LASER
22. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
4 Types of Magnetism
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Soft Magnetic Materials
Ductile Fracture
23. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Charpy or Izod test
Opacity
Holloman Equation
24. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Sparkle of Diamonds
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
25. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Specific Heat
Fatigue
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
The Transistor
26. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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27. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Fatigue
Griffith Crack Model
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
28. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Response to a Magnetic Field
Thermal Stresses
Refraction
29. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
30. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Hardness
What do magnetic moments arise from?
31. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Impact - Toughness
Refraction
Reflection of Light for Metals
Linewidth
32. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Why materials fail in service
Work Hardening
Opacifiers
Metallization
33. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Brittle Fracture
Opacifiers
Charpy or Izod test
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
34. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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35. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Internal magnetic moments
Electrical Conduction
Work Hardening
Opacifiers
36. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Relative Permeability
Stress Intensity values
M is known as what?
Why materials fail in service
37. Is analogous to toughness.
Transparent
Luminescence examples
Impact energy
Brittle Ceramics
38. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Thermal Shock Resistance
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Transgranular Fracture
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
39. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Heat Capacity
Oxidation
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Valence band
40. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Impact energy
Not severe
The three modes of crack surface displacement
41. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Fourier's Law
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Scattering
How an LCD works
42. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Opacifiers
Thermal Shock Resistance
Scattering
Stress Intensity values
43. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
True Strain
High impact energy
Refraction
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
44. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Relative Permeability
Opacity
Heat Capacity
45. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Elastic Deformation
46. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
Paramagnetic Materials
Translucent
Fatigue
47. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
LASER
Superconductivity
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
48. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
The Transistor
4 Types of Magnetism
HB (Brinell Hardness)
49. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Oxidation
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
High impact energy
Brittle Materials
50. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Fatigue
Incoherent
Oxidation