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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Color
How an LCD works
Yield and Reliability
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
2. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
How an LCD works
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Intergranular Fracture
3. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Intergranular Fracture
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Why materials fail in service
4. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Slip Bands
Translucent
Thermal Conductivity
5. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Transparent
Film Deposition
How an LCD works
4 Types of Magnetism
6. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Brittle Fracture
Elastic Deformation
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Incoherent
7. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
Response to a Magnetic Field
Luminescence
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
8. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Slip Bands
Response to a Magnetic Field
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
9. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Griffith Crack Model
LASER
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
10. Is analogous to toughness.
Valence band
Color
Impact energy
Intrinsic Semiconductors
11. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Transparent
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
12. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Stress Intensity values
Opacifiers
To improve fatigue life
Intrinsic Semiconductors
13. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
Opacifiers
Shear and Tensile Stress
Ductile Fracture
14. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Luminescence examples
Why materials fail in service
Slip Bands
Thermal Shock Resistance
15. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Stress Intensity values
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Paramagnetic Materials
16. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Response to a Magnetic Field
17. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Not severe
Heat Capacity
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Paramagnetic Materials
18. Second phase particles with n > glass.
High impact energy
Opacifiers
Heat Capacity
Ductile Materials
19. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Translucent
Conduction & Electron Transport
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
20. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Linewidth
Thermal expansion
21. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Engineering Fracture Performance
The Transistor
22. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Thermal expansion
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Luminescence
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
23. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Reflectance of Non-Metals
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Brittle Ceramics
24. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Translucent
Linewidth
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
25. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
To improve fatigue life
Magnetic Storage
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Impact energy
26. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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27. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Response to a Magnetic Field
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Incident Light
Superconductivity
28. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Brittle Fracture
Transgranular Fracture
Luminescence
29. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Rockwell
Force Decomposition
Shear and Tensile Stress
Etching
30. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Etching
Reflection of Light for Metals
Work Hardening
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
31. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Insulators
Large Hardness
Sparkle of Diamonds
32. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
M is known as what?
Reflectance of Non-Metals
The Transistor
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
33. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Refraction
Oxidation
Magnetic Storage
Electrical Conduction
34. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Hardness
Magnetic Storage
Translucent
LASER
35. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Magnetic Storage
Response to a Magnetic Field
Paramagnetic Materials
36. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Electrical Conduction
Meissner Effect
4 Types of Magnetism
Transparent
37. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
High impact energy
Fatigue
Two kinds of Reflection
Superconductivity
38. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Color
4 Types of Magnetism
Heat Capacity
What do magnetic moments arise from?
39. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Electromigration
Engineering Fracture Performance
Luminescence examples
40. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
High impact energy
Where does DBTT occur?
Rockwell
41. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Superconductivity
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
42. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Holloman Equation
Force Decomposition
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Etching
43. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Electrical Conduction
4 Types of Magnetism
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
44. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Incoherent
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Oxidation
45. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Bending tests
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
46. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Oxidation
Ductile Materials
Diamagnetic Materials
Yield and Reliability
47. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Work Hardening
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Thermal Conductivity
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
48. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Opaque
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Meissner Effect
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
49. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Color
50. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
There is no perfect material?
Opaque
The Transistor
Intrinsic Semiconductors