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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Color
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
4 Types of Magnetism
2. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Brittle Fracture
Force Decomposition
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
3. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
To improve fatigue life
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Metallization
Valence band
4. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Why materials fail in service
Hard Magnetic Materials
4 Types of Magnetism
Not severe
5. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Fatigue
Ductile Materials
Electromigration
HB (Brinell Hardness)
6. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Brittle Ceramics
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
High impact energy
Lithography
7. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Soft Magnetic Materials
Stress Intensity values
Force Decomposition
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
8. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
4 Types of Magnetism
9. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Bending tests
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Superconductivity
Relative Permeability
10. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Sparkle of Diamonds
Lithography
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Incident Light
11. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Fatigue
4 Types of Magnetism
Transgranular Fracture
Fourier's Law
12. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Stress Intensity Factor
True Stress
Internal magnetic moments
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
13. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Thermal expansion
Brittle Fracture
Incident Light
14. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Transparent
Shear and Tensile Stress
Lithography
15. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Relative Permeability
Slip Bands
Refraction
16. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
True Strain
Elastic Deformation
Conduction & Electron Transport
17. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Brittle Ceramics
To improve fatigue life
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
18. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Engineering Fracture Performance
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Stress Intensity Factor
19. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Brittle Fracture
Valence band
Impact - Toughness
Etching
20. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Stress Intensity values
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Insulators
21. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
LASER
Conduction & Electron Transport
Work Hardening
22. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
23. Diffuse image
Meissner Effect
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Translucent
Magnetic Storage Media Types
24. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Force Decomposition
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Two kinds of Reflection
25. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Superconductivity
Electromigration
High impact energy
26. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Work Hardening
Griffith Crack Model
Opaque
Hardness
27. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Two kinds of Reflection
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
True Strain
Opaque
28. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
High impact energy
Insulators
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
29. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Work Hardening
Why materials fail in service
Opacifiers
Linewidth
30. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Metallization
Electrical Conduction
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Intergranular Fracture
31. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Yield and Reliability
Conduction & Electron Transport
The three modes of crack surface displacement
True Strain
32. Is analogous to toughness.
Force Decomposition
Etching
Impact energy
Magnetic Storage Media Types
33. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Soft Magnetic Materials
34. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Film Deposition
Opacity
Luminescence examples
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
35. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Internal magnetic moments
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Large Hardness
36. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Elastic Deformation
Transparent
Opacity
Thermal expansion
37. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Etching
Yield and Reliability
There is no perfect material?
4 Types of Magnetism
38. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Oxidation
Specific Heat
Intergranular Fracture
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
39. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
M is known as what?
Transparent
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Large Hardness
40. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Large Hardness
4 Types of Magnetism
Etching
Thermal Shock Resistance
41. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Valence band
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Stress Intensity Factor
42. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Insulators
Not severe
43. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Large Hardness
Two kinds of Reflection
44. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
True Stress
Why materials fail in service
Lithography
Reflection of Light for Metals
45. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Linewidth
Not severe
What do magnetic moments arise from?
46. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
The Transistor
Engineering Fracture Performance
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Scattering
47. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Luminescence
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Ductile Materials
Sparkle of Diamonds
48. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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49. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
How an LCD works
Brittle Fracture
Intrinsic Semiconductors
50. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Relative Permeability
Work Hardening
Extrinsic Semiconductors
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