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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
4 Types of Magnetism
Rockwell
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Response to a Magnetic Field
2. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Thermal Stresses
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Etching
Magnetic Storage
3. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Stress Intensity values
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Electromigration
Magnetic Storage
4. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Impact - Toughness
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Scattering
Hardness
5. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Holloman Equation
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Yield and Reliability
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
6. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Fourier's Law
Soft Magnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Etching
7. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Fourier's Law
Diamagnetic Materials
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Engineering Fracture Performance
8. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Opaque
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Thermal Stresses
9. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Film Deposition
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Opaque
Why materials fail in service
10. Emitted light is in phase
How an LCD works
Slip Bands
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Coherent
11. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Work Hardening
Impact - Toughness
Thermal expansion
12. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Diamagnetic Materials
Thermal Conductivity
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Transparent
13. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Thermal Conductivity
The Transistor
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Brittle Materials
14. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
There is no perfect material?
Coherent
Magnetic Storage
Refraction
15. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Where does DBTT occur?
Soft Magnetic Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
Thermal Stresses
16. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Color
Refraction
17. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Insulators
Brittle Fracture
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Refraction
18. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
To improve fatigue life
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Linewidth
19. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Two ways to measure heat capacity
4 Types of Magnetism
Opacity
20. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
True Stress
Ductile Materials
Thermal Conductivity
Reflection of Light for Metals
21. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Charpy or Izod test
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Response to a Magnetic Field
Valence band
22. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Thermal expansion
Engineering Fracture Performance
Intrinsic Semiconductors
23. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Incoherent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Opacity
24. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Meissner Effect
The three modes of crack surface displacement
25. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Two kinds of Reflection
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Bending tests
Impact energy
26. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Diamagnetic Materials
Specific Heat
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
27. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Stress Intensity values
Translucent
Oxidation
Magnetic Storage
28. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Soft Magnetic Materials
Griffith Crack Model
29. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Luminescence examples
Force Decomposition
There is no perfect material?
30. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Electrical Conduction
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
31. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Opacity
Magnetic Storage
To improve fatigue life
32. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Refraction
Thermal Conductivity
Two kinds of Reflection
Reflection of Light for Metals
33. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Refraction
Stress Intensity Factor
Brittle Fracture
34. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Fatigue
The Transistor
Opacity
35. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
True Stress
Hard Magnetic Materials
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Transparent
36. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Stress Intensity Factor
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
There is no perfect material?
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
37. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Lithography
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Oxidation
38. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Soft Magnetic Materials
Fourier's Law
Coherent
39. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Metallization
Thermal Shock Resistance
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Reflectance of Non-Metals
40. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
The Transistor
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Engineering Fracture Performance
Valence band
41. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Fourier's Law
Fatigue
Ductile Materials
Relative Permeability
42. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Color
Paramagnetic Materials
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
43. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Opaque
Work Hardening
Superconductivity
44. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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45. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Superconductivity
Electrical Conduction
Film Deposition
How an LCD works
46. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Electrical Conduction
Griffith Crack Model
LASER
47. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Refraction
Lithography
Large Hardness
Fatigue
48. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Lithography
Luminescence examples
Brittle Ceramics
Sparkle of Diamonds
49. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Internal magnetic moments
Meissner Effect
Intrinsic Semiconductors
True Strain
50. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Diamagnetic Materials
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Transparent
Insulators
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