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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Luminescence examples
Superconductivity
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Meissner Effect
2. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Brittle Fracture
Elastic Deformation
Work Hardening
Stress Intensity values
3. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Valence band
Brittle Fracture
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
4. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Ductile Fracture
Why materials fail in service
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
5. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
There is no perfect material?
True Stress
Stress Intensity Factor
Hard Magnetic Materials
6. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Where does DBTT occur?
Etching
Linewidth
Engineering Fracture Performance
7. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
Fatigue
Valence band
Electromigration
8. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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9. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Ductile Materials
Soft Magnetic Materials
Charpy or Izod test
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
10. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Slip Bands
Coherent
Elastic Deformation
11. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Refraction
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
12. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Brittle Materials
Reflection of Light for Metals
Not severe
Brittle Ceramics
13. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Brittle Materials
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Extrinsic Semiconductors
14. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
How an LCD works
Yield and Reliability
Why materials fail in service
Hardness
15. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Etching
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Lithography
16. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Luminescence examples
Opacity
Transparent
To improve fatigue life
17. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Response to a Magnetic Field
Force Decomposition
Impact energy
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
18. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Hardness
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
19. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
Brittle Ceramics
LASER
True Strain
20. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
The Transistor
Where does DBTT occur?
21. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Intergranular Fracture
Coherent
Incoherent
Color
22. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Valence band
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Heat Capacity
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
23. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Superconductivity
Internal magnetic moments
Incident Light
Fourier's Law
24. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Scattering
Not severe
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
25. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Linewidth
Why materials fail in service
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
The three modes of crack surface displacement
26. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Relative Permeability
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
27. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Relative Permeability
Insulators
28. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Engineering Fracture Performance
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Where does DBTT occur?
29. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Stress Intensity values
Hard Magnetic Materials
Fatigue
Force Decomposition
30. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Elastic Deformation
31. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Rockwell
Metallization
Superconductivity
32. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
There is no perfect material?
Luminescence
Insulators
33. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
True Strain
Work Hardening
Electrical Conduction
Opacity
34. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Lithography
Soft Magnetic Materials
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
35. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Transparent
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Charpy or Izod test
36. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Lithography
Thermal Stresses
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
37. Emitted light is in phase
Elastic Deformation
Holloman Equation
Coherent
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
38. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Luminescence examples
Yield and Reliability
Ductile Materials
39. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Translucent
There is no perfect material?
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Rockwell
40. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Brittle Fracture
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Rockwell
41. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Fatigue
Electromigration
Stress Intensity Factor
Internal magnetic moments
42. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Insulators
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Soft Magnetic Materials
Why materials fail in service
43. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Refraction
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Oxidation
Large Hardness
44. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Shear and Tensile Stress
Why materials fail in service
Reflectance of Non-Metals
45. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Thermal expansion
Valence band
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
How an LCD works
46. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
4 Types of Magnetism
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
True Strain
Intrinsic Semiconductors
47. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Not severe
Magnetic Storage
Incoherent
Superconductivity
48. Is analogous to toughness.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Impact energy
Refraction
Reflection of Light for Metals
49. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Opacifiers
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Relative Permeability
Fourier's Law
50. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Holloman Equation
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Color
Magnetic Storage Media Types