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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Elastic Deformation
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Specific Heat
M is known as what?
2. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Superconductivity
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Refraction
Fourier's Law
3. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Valence band
Griffith Crack Model
Hard Magnetic Materials
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
4. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Electrical Conduction
5. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Fourier's Law
Hard Magnetic Materials
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Brittle Fracture
6. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Bending tests
Luminescence
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Ductile Fracture
7. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Coherent
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Incident Light
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
8. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Opacity
4 Types of Magnetism
9. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Work Hardening
Insulators
Stress Intensity Factor
Intergranular Fracture
10. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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11. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Incoherent
Meissner Effect
12. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASER
Valence band
To improve fatigue life
M is known as what?
13. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Intergranular Fracture
14. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Relative Permeability
Charpy or Izod test
Conduction & Electron Transport
15. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Thermal Stresses
Oxidation
Heat Capacity
M is known as what?
16. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Bending tests
Film Deposition
Transgranular Fracture
17. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Hard Magnetic Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Internal magnetic moments
18. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Conduction & Electron Transport
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
19. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Etching
Shear and Tensile Stress
Refraction
Slip Bands
20. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Thermal expansion
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Metallization
Internal magnetic moments
21. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Film Deposition
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Charpy or Izod test
22. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Paramagnetic Materials
Color
Elastic Deformation
Not severe
23. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Opaque
Incoherent
Linewidth
Impact energy
24. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Translucent
Force Decomposition
Metallization
Etching
25. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
4 Types of Magnetism
Not severe
Superconductivity
Metallization
26. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Ductile Materials
Holloman Equation
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
How an LCD works
27. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Intergranular Fracture
Electromigration
Transparent
28. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Internal magnetic moments
True Strain
Opacifiers
29. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Force Decomposition
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Sparkle of Diamonds
30. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Internal magnetic moments
Intergranular Fracture
Brittle Ceramics
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
31. Diffuse image
Fourier's Law
Reflection of Light for Metals
Soft Magnetic Materials
Translucent
32. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Not severe
Refraction
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
33. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Film Deposition
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Response to a Magnetic Field
34. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Opacity
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Translucent
M is known as what?
35. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Electrical Conduction
Refraction
Valence band
36. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Brittle Fracture
Impact energy
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Transparent
37. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Lithography
True Stress
Fourier's Law
Impact - Toughness
38. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Magnetic Storage
Fourier's Law
Opaque
Oxidation
39. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Coherent
True Stress
Etching
Why materials fail in service
40. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Brittle Fracture
Response to a Magnetic Field
Metallization
Specific Heat
41. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Linewidth
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
42. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Luminescence
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Griffith Crack Model
43. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Brittle Fracture
Diamagnetic Materials
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Response to a Magnetic Field
44. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Coherent
Opaque
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
45. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Thermal Conductivity
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
46. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Refraction
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Electromigration
Reflection of Light for Metals
47. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Transparent
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Ductile Materials
What do magnetic moments arise from?
48. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
The Transistor
Linewidth
Why materials fail in service
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
49. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
High impact energy
Metallization
50. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Valence band
Shear and Tensile Stress
Response to a Magnetic Field
Brittle Materials