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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Impact - Toughness
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Coherent
2. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Transparent
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Slip Bands
3. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Yield and Reliability
Incident Light
Film Deposition
Hard Magnetic Materials
4. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
Stress Intensity Factor
Luminescence
Superconductivity
5. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Thermal Shock Resistance
Soft Magnetic Materials
6. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Not severe
Internal magnetic moments
Heat Capacity
7. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Impact - Toughness
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
True Stress
Force Decomposition
8. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Valence band
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Not severe
9. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Charpy or Izod test
Insulators
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
LASER
10. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Ductile Materials
High impact energy
Response to a Magnetic Field
Shear and Tensile Stress
11. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Fourier's Law
True Strain
12. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Brittle Materials
Etching
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Fourier's Law
13. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
How an LCD works
There is no perfect material?
Two kinds of Reflection
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
14. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Color
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Yield and Reliability
To improve fatigue life
15. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Opacifiers
Refraction
Griffith Crack Model
Electromigration
16. Diffuse image
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Incoherent
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Translucent
17. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Work Hardening
Rockwell
Diamagnetic Materials
Impact energy
18. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Where does DBTT occur?
4 Types of Magnetism
High impact energy
19. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Magnetic Storage
Yield and Reliability
Work Hardening
20. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Work Hardening
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Brittle Ceramics
Refraction
21. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Reflection of Light for Metals
Transparent
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Bending tests
22. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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23. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
There is no perfect material?
Bending tests
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
4 Types of Magnetism
24. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
The Transistor
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
25. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Superconductivity
Charpy or Izod test
High impact energy
The three modes of crack surface displacement
26. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Paramagnetic Materials
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
There is no perfect material?
Impact - Toughness
27. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Electrical Conduction
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
28. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Conduction & Electron Transport
What do magnetic moments arise from?
29. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Griffith Crack Model
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Refraction
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
30. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Charpy or Izod test
Diamagnetic Materials
Refraction
Rockwell
31. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Fourier's Law
Stress Intensity values
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Not severe
32. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Incident Light
The three modes of crack surface displacement
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Soft Magnetic Materials
33. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Electromigration
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Heat Capacity
Impact energy
34. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Internal magnetic moments
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
35. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Force Decomposition
Incoherent
How an LCD works
36. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Oxidation
Hardness
Sparkle of Diamonds
Incident Light
37. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Rockwell
Thermal Shock Resistance
Meissner Effect
Elastic Deformation
38. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Holloman Equation
Metallization
High impact energy
There is no perfect material?
39. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Bending tests
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
High impact energy
40. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Hard Magnetic Materials
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Soft Magnetic Materials
41. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Magnetic Storage Media Types
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Brittle Fracture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
42. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Stress Intensity values
Transgranular Fracture
Film Deposition
Opaque
43. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Brittle Fracture
LASER
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Reflection of Light for Metals
44. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Elastic Deformation
45. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Not severe
Brittle Ceramics
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
46. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Fatigue
Why materials fail in service
Thermal Shock Resistance
Engineering Fracture Performance
47. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Etching
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Opacifiers
48. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Scattering
Stress Intensity Factor
Intergranular Fracture
Conduction & Electron Transport
49. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Soft Magnetic Materials
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Impact - Toughness
Magnetic Storage Media Types
50. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Lithography
Large Hardness
Electromigration
The three modes of crack surface displacement