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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Valence band
Electromigration
Thermal Shock Resistance
2. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Sparkle of Diamonds
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Ductile Materials
3. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Luminescence examples
4. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Slip Bands
High impact energy
5. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Thermal Stresses
Specific Heat
Opacity
Electrical Conduction
6. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Ductile Materials
Oxidation
Film Deposition
7. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
Where does DBTT occur?
Incident Light
Ductile Materials
8. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
High impact energy
Intrinsic Semiconductors
True Stress
M is known as what?
9. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Impact - Toughness
Hard Magnetic Materials
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
10. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Metallization
Not severe
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Diamagnetic Materials
11. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Refraction
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Yield and Reliability
Where does DBTT occur?
12. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Etching
Translucent
Opaque
13. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Force Decomposition
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Where does DBTT occur?
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
14. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
There is no perfect material?
Heat Capacity
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
15. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Large Hardness
Not severe
Superconductivity
Where does DBTT occur?
16. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Fourier's Law
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
17. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Heat Capacity
Opacity
Fatigue
How an LCD works
18. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
Transparent
Large Hardness
Luminescence examples
19. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Thermal Stresses
How an LCD works
Force Decomposition
Transparent
20. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
Thermal expansion
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
21. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Holloman Equation
Luminescence examples
Film Deposition
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
22. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Luminescence examples
Refraction
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Force Decomposition
23. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
True Strain
How an LCD works
Slip Bands
Insulators
24. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Brittle Ceramics
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Soft Magnetic Materials
25. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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26. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Griffith Crack Model
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Insulators
Metallization
27. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Specific Heat
HB (Brinell Hardness)
28. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Scattering
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
29. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Transparent
Ductile Fracture
Stress Intensity Factor
Linewidth
30. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Two kinds of Reflection
There is no perfect material?
To improve fatigue life
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
31. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Thermal Conductivity
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Stress Intensity values
M is known as what?
32. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Engineering Fracture Performance
Fatigue
Intergranular Fracture
Why materials fail in service
33. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
The Transistor
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Griffith Crack Model
Soft Magnetic Materials
34. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Luminescence
Linewidth
Luminescence examples
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
35. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Bending tests
Metallization
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
36. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Intrinsic Semiconductors
M is known as what?
Thermal Conductivity
Conduction & Electron Transport
37. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Lithography
High impact energy
Impact - Toughness
Bending tests
38. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Internal magnetic moments
True Stress
39. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Thermal expansion
Griffith Crack Model
The Transistor
True Strain
40. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Why materials fail in service
Impact - Toughness
Large Hardness
41. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Incoherent
Stress Intensity Factor
Meissner Effect
The three modes of crack surface displacement
42. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Intergranular Fracture
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
LASER
43. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Transparent
LASER
Bending tests
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
44. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
Lithography
Conduction & Electron Transport
Two kinds of Reflection
45. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Brittle Materials
Insulators
Metallization
Elastic Deformation
46. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Electromigration
To improve fatigue life
Transgranular Fracture
Paramagnetic Materials
47. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Opacity
Large Hardness
48. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
49. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Incoherent
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Transgranular Fracture
50. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
The Transistor
Coherent
True Strain
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition