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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Electrical Conduction
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Metallization
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
2. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Large Hardness
Thermal expansion
Brittle Materials
Stress Intensity values
3. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Engineering Fracture Performance
Impact energy
Relative Permeability
Thermal Conductivity
4. Diffuse image
4 Types of Magnetism
Translucent
Brittle Fracture
Fatigue
5. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Two kinds of Reflection
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Etching
Valence band
6. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
High impact energy
Brittle Fracture
Magnetic Storage
Hardness
7. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Ductile Fracture
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Brittle Materials
Heat Capacity
8. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Transgranular Fracture
Hardness
Metallization
Scattering
9. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Coherent
Ductile Fracture
Thermal Conductivity
Heat Capacity
10. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
LASER
Soft Magnetic Materials
Rockwell
Insulators
11. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Etching
Brittle Fracture
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
How an LCD works
12. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
4 Types of Magnetism
Diamagnetic Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
Incoherent
13. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Ductile Materials
Charpy or Izod test
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Slip Bands
14. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Relative Permeability
Metallization
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Sparkle of Diamonds
15. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Stress Intensity values
Response to a Magnetic Field
The three modes of crack surface displacement
16. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Transgranular Fracture
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
There is no perfect material?
17. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Film Deposition
Elastic Deformation
4 Types of Magnetism
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
18. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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19. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Film Deposition
Fourier's Law
Hardness
Impact - Toughness
20. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Brittle Ceramics
Fourier's Law
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Electrical Conduction
21. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Refraction
Internal magnetic moments
Elastic Deformation
22. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Heat Capacity
Translucent
Diamagnetic Materials
Stress Intensity values
23. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
What do magnetic moments arise from?
HB (Brinell Hardness)
24. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Stresses
Slip Bands
25. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Electrical Conduction
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Magnetic Storage
There is no perfect material?
26. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Ductile Materials
Opaque
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
27. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Work Hardening
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Reflection of Light for Metals
28. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Stress Intensity Factor
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Work Hardening
29. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Superconductivity
Luminescence examples
Yield and Reliability
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
30. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Soft Magnetic Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
M is known as what?
31. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Refraction
Response to a Magnetic Field
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Hard Magnetic Materials
32. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Specific Heat
Impact energy
Film Deposition
33. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Opaque
Insulators
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
34. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Refraction
Coherent
How an LCD works
Transgranular Fracture
35. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Superconductivity
Relative Permeability
Conduction & Electron Transport
36. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Scattering
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Stress Intensity Factor
37. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Refraction
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Diamagnetic Materials
Specific Heat
38. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Brittle Fracture
Diamagnetic Materials
Electromigration
Incoherent
39. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Impact - Toughness
Paramagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
40. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Etching
Superconductivity
Luminescence
Charpy or Izod test
41. Is analogous to toughness.
Thermal expansion
Impact energy
Griffith Crack Model
Oxidation
42. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Impact - Toughness
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Work Hardening
Intergranular Fracture
43. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
4 Types of Magnetism
Impact energy
Work Hardening
LASER
44. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Work Hardening
Internal magnetic moments
Transparent
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
45. Stress concentration at a crack tips
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Electromigration
Response to a Magnetic Field
Griffith Crack Model
46. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Electrical Conduction
Why materials fail in service
Brittle Materials
Griffith Crack Model
47. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Elastic Deformation
Rockwell
Coherent
Two kinds of Reflection
48. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Hard Magnetic Materials
Brittle Fracture
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Refraction
49. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Diamagnetic Materials
Linewidth
Thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
50. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Opacifiers
Reflection of Light for Metals
Impact - Toughness
Paramagnetic Materials