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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Yield and Reliability
2. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Brittle Materials
Shear and Tensile Stress
3. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Brittle Fracture
Two kinds of Reflection
Fatigue
Insulators
4. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Luminescence
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Incoherent
5. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Meissner Effect
To improve fatigue life
Fatigue
Linewidth
6. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
True Stress
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Transgranular Fracture
Thermal expansion
7. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
4 Types of Magnetism
Reflection of Light for Metals
Slip Bands
Opacity
8. Diffuse image
Insulators
Transparent
Opacifiers
Translucent
9. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Intergranular Fracture
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Rockwell
10. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Thermal Stresses
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Thermal Conductivity
11. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Holloman Equation
Reflectance of Non-Metals
The Transistor
Paramagnetic Materials
12. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Impact - Toughness
To improve fatigue life
Valence band
13. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Electrical Conduction
Lithography
Film Deposition
Intrinsic Semiconductors
14. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Superconductivity
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Transparent
Hard Magnetic Materials
15. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Superconductivity
Lithography
Internal magnetic moments
Brittle Materials
16. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Specific Heat
Electrical Conduction
True Strain
Two kinds of Reflection
17. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Magnetic Storage
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Brittle Materials
18. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Lithography
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Impact energy
Hardness
19. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Luminescence examples
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Two kinds of Reflection
Transgranular Fracture
20. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Thermal Conductivity
Ductile Materials
Insulators
21. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
LASER
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
22. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Insulators
Intergranular Fracture
Relative Permeability
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
23. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Transparent
Thermal Conductivity
24. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Soft Magnetic Materials
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Thermal expansion
The Transistor
25. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Reflection of Light for Metals
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Scattering
26. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Transparent
Brittle Materials
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
27. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Opaque
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Metallization
4 Types of Magnetism
28. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Relative Permeability
Thermal Conductivity
The Transistor
29. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Ductile Materials
Opacity
Intrinsic Semiconductors
30. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Specific Heat
Brittle Ceramics
Soft Magnetic Materials
Linewidth
31. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Diamagnetic Materials
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Paramagnetic Materials
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
32. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Brittle Materials
Thermal expansion
Electrical Conduction
Soft Magnetic Materials
33. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Griffith Crack Model
Transparent
Internal magnetic moments
Rockwell
34. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Fatigue
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Intrinsic Semiconductors
35. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Yield and Reliability
Charpy or Izod test
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Incoherent
36. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Brittle Ceramics
Why materials fail in service
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
M is known as what?
37. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Ductile Fracture
Specific Heat
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
What do magnetic moments arise from?
38. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Oxidation
Ductile Materials
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Luminescence
39. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Sparkle of Diamonds
40. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
M is known as what?
Sparkle of Diamonds
Linewidth
Paramagnetic Materials
41. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Luminescence
Elastic Deformation
Yield and Reliability
42. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Bending tests
43. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Brittle Materials
Incoherent
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Ductile Fracture
44. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Heat Capacity
Meissner Effect
Work Hardening
Reflectance of Non-Metals
45. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Engineering Fracture Performance
Opaque
Diamagnetic Materials
46. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Slip Bands
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Opaque
47. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Linewidth
4 Types of Magnetism
LASER
48. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Opacifiers
Internal magnetic moments
HB (Brinell Hardness)
49. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Thermal Conductivity
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Response to a Magnetic Field
50. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
LASER
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum