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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
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Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Translucent
2. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Brittle Ceramics
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Diamagnetic Materials
Refraction
3. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Conductivity
Transparent
Valence band
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
4. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Thermal Shock Resistance
How an LCD works
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Bending tests
5. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Incident Light
Ductile Fracture
Refraction
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
6. Is analogous to toughness.
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Impact energy
Refraction
7. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Conduction & Electron Transport
Magnetic Storage
Two kinds of Reflection
8. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Oxidation
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Brittle Materials
9. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
4 Types of Magnetism
Sparkle of Diamonds
Luminescence examples
10. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Conduction & Electron Transport
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Opaque
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
11. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Incoherent
Impact - Toughness
Superconductivity
Luminescence examples
12. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Force Decomposition
Oxidation
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Color
13. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Diamagnetic Materials
Color
Charpy or Izod test
Etching
14. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Elastic Deformation
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
True Strain
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
15. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Conduction & Electron Transport
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
16. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Yield and Reliability
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Meissner Effect
Color
17. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Ductile Fracture
Impact energy
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Luminescence examples
18. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
19. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Fourier's Law
Refraction
4 Types of Magnetism
20. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Brittle Fracture
Conduction & Electron Transport
Impact - Toughness
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
21. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Diamagnetic Materials
Metallization
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Hard Magnetic Materials
22. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
High impact energy
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Holloman Equation
True Stress
23. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Magnetic Storage
Brittle Ceramics
24. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Brittle Ceramics
Holloman Equation
25. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Fourier's Law
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Insulators
26. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Opacifiers
Lithography
Bending tests
Brittle Fracture
27. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Engineering Fracture Performance
There is no perfect material?
Linewidth
Sparkle of Diamonds
28. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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29. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
True Stress
Force Decomposition
The three modes of crack surface displacement
30. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
There is no perfect material?
Ductile Fracture
Magnetic Storage Media Types
HB (Brinell Hardness)
31. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Reflection of Light for Metals
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Internal magnetic moments
Ductile Materials
32. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Superconductivity
Work Hardening
Thermal Shock Resistance
Relative Permeability
33. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Linewidth
Refraction
Color
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
34. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Two kinds of Reflection
Refraction
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
High impact energy
35. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Lithography
Brittle Ceramics
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Scattering
36. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Electromigration
Film Deposition
Fourier's Law
M is known as what?
37. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Refraction
Why materials fail in service
4 Types of Magnetism
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
38. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
There is no perfect material?
Luminescence examples
Metallization
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
39. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Electrical Conduction
How an LCD works
Bending tests
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
40. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Diamagnetic Materials
What do magnetic moments arise from?
HB (Brinell Hardness)
41. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Ductile Materials
Lithography
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Film Deposition
42. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Opacifiers
Impact energy
Stress Intensity values
Heat Capacity
43. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Luminescence examples
Transparent
Heat Capacity
Intrinsic Semiconductors
44. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Valence band
Paramagnetic Materials
Ductile Materials
What do magnetic moments arise from?
45. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Reflection of Light for Metals
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Electrical Conduction
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
46. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Conduction & Electron Transport
High impact energy
Luminescence
47. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Soft Magnetic Materials
Meissner Effect
Oxidation
Two kinds of Reflection
48. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Luminescence
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Soft Magnetic Materials
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
49. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Yield and Reliability
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Holloman Equation
Etching
50. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Work Hardening
Charpy or Izod test
Brittle Materials
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction