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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASER
Griffith Crack Model
Soft Magnetic Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
2. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Brittle Fracture
Meissner Effect
Incoherent
3. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Ductile Materials
Shear and Tensile Stress
4 Types of Magnetism
4. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
There is no perfect material?
Translucent
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
5. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Yield and Reliability
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Sparkle of Diamonds
6. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Valence band
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Thermal Stresses
7. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Brittle Fracture
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Conduction & Electron Transport
8. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Superconductivity
Incoherent
Color
9. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
Incident Light
Holloman Equation
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
10. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Work Hardening
Soft Magnetic Materials
4 Types of Magnetism
11. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Griffith Crack Model
Impact - Toughness
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Etching
12. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
To improve fatigue life
Electromigration
Opacity
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
13. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Charpy or Izod test
Transparent
Engineering Fracture Performance
What do magnetic moments arise from?
14. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
4 Types of Magnetism
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Brittle Fracture
Where does DBTT occur?
15. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Ductile Fracture
Transgranular Fracture
Metallization
Superconductivity
16. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Transparent
Brittle Fracture
Griffith Crack Model
17. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Specific Heat
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Charpy or Izod test
18. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Holloman Equation
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Relative Permeability
Yield and Reliability
19. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Stress Intensity values
Heat Capacity
Ductile Fracture
Diamagnetic Materials
20. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Work Hardening
Paramagnetic Materials
Scattering
21. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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22. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Force Decomposition
Opacifiers
Slip Bands
23. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
24. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
True Stress
Magnetic Storage
Hardness
Elastic Deformation
25. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Engineering Fracture Performance
Fatigue
Refraction
Transgranular Fracture
26. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Electrical Conduction
27. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Relative Permeability
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
28. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Why materials fail in service
Luminescence
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Conduction & Electron Transport
29. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Valence band
Thermal expansion
True Strain
Translucent
30. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Stress Intensity values
Thermal Conductivity
Work Hardening
Heat Capacity
31. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Ductile Materials
Superconductivity
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Soft Magnetic Materials
32. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Impact - Toughness
The Transistor
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
True Strain
33. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Thermal expansion
Coherent
Thermal Stresses
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
34. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Insulators
Yield and Reliability
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Electrical Conduction
35. Is analogous to toughness.
Relative Permeability
How an LCD works
Yield and Reliability
Impact energy
36. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Large Hardness
Slip Bands
Thermal expansion
Thermal Shock Resistance
37. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Refraction
Refraction
4 Types of Magnetism
38. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Luminescence
Thermal Conductivity
Opacity
39. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Holloman Equation
Opaque
Thermal Stresses
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
40. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Where does DBTT occur?
Rockwell
41. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Superconductivity
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Not severe
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
42. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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43. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Slip Bands
Brittle Fracture
4 Types of Magnetism
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
44. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Slip Bands
True Strain
Insulators
4 Types of Magnetism
45. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Charpy or Izod test
Fatigue
Coherent
46. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Opacity
Color
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Brittle Fracture
47. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Scattering
Refraction
There is no perfect material?
48. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Engineering Fracture Performance
Film Deposition
There is no perfect material?
Internal magnetic moments
49. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Internal magnetic moments
Opacifiers
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
50. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Force Decomposition
Etching
Paramagnetic Materials
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