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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Coherent
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
2. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
True Strain
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Slip Bands
3. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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4. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Two kinds of Reflection
Internal magnetic moments
Two ways to measure heat capacity
5. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Opacity
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Stress Intensity Factor
Engineering Fracture Performance
6. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Response to a Magnetic Field
Valence band
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
7. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Metallization
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Valence band
Refraction
8. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Reflection of Light for Metals
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Incoherent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
9. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Bending tests
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
How an LCD works
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
10. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Holloman Equation
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Paramagnetic Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
11. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Relative Permeability
Fatigue
Thermal expansion
Color
12. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Refraction
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Insulators
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
13. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Large Hardness
There is no perfect material?
Incoherent
Charpy or Izod test
14. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Large Hardness
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Rockwell
15. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Bending tests
How an LCD works
Magnetic Storage
Diamagnetic Materials
16. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Meissner Effect
Stress Intensity Factor
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
17. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Opacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
True Strain
18. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Specific Heat
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Ductile Fracture
Impact - Toughness
19. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Transgranular Fracture
Yield and Reliability
20. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Meissner Effect
Etching
Hard Magnetic Materials
21. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Refraction
Transgranular Fracture
Elastic Deformation
LASER
22. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Not severe
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
4 Types of Magnetism
Refraction
23. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Refraction
Luminescence examples
LASER
True Stress
24. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Ductile Materials
True Strain
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Thermal Conductivity
25. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Sparkle of Diamonds
Brittle Materials
Incident Light
26. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Film Deposition
Thermal Stresses
The Transistor
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
27. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Brittle Fracture
28. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
True Stress
Diamagnetic Materials
Linewidth
Coherent
29. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Incident Light
True Strain
High impact energy
Ductile Materials
30. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Hard Magnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
4 Types of Magnetism
31. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Luminescence
Reflectance of Non-Metals
32. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Large Hardness
Specific Heat
Superconductivity
33. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
There is no perfect material?
Ductile Fracture
Electromigration
Internal magnetic moments
34. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
To improve fatigue life
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Stress Intensity Factor
Opacity
35. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Hardness
Fatigue
Film Deposition
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
36. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Griffith Crack Model
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Etching
37. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Thermal Stresses
M is known as what?
Lithography
38. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Large Hardness
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Intergranular Fracture
Magnetic Storage
39. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Holloman Equation
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Brittle Materials
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
40. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Engineering Fracture Performance
Sparkle of Diamonds
Thermal Conductivity
Valence band
41. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Hardness
Holloman Equation
Incoherent
Reflectance of Non-Metals
42. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Ductile Fracture
Internal magnetic moments
Intergranular Fracture
What do magnetic moments arise from?
43. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Thermal Stresses
Scattering
Film Deposition
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
44. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Bending tests
Stress Intensity values
Reflection of Light for Metals
Fourier's Law
45. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Ductile Fracture
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Brittle Materials
Intergranular Fracture
46. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Superconductivity
Ductile Fracture
Refraction
Two ways to measure heat capacity
47. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Impact energy
Brittle Ceramics
Ductile Materials
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
48. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Hard Magnetic Materials
Impact energy
Superconductivity
Metallization
49. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Heat Capacity
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
There is no perfect material?
Luminescence examples
50. Second phase particles with n > glass.
To improve fatigue life
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Opacifiers
Impact - Toughness