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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diffuse image






2. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection






3. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






4. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.






5. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.






6. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.






7. Is analogous to toughness.






8. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)






9. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)






10. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.






11. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.

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12. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW






13. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.






14. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe






15. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.






16. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is






17. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.






18. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation






19. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.






20. Second phase particles with n > glass.






21. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.






22. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)






23. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str






24. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.






25. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.






26. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.






27. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






28. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m






29. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.






30. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)






31. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture






32. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.






33. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.






34. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)






35. Materials change size when temperature is changed






36. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.






37. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low






38. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid






39. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






40. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB






41. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion






42. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th






43. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.






44. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule






45. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.






46. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe






47. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow






48. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.






49. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.






50. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture







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