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Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
How an LCD works
Fatigue
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Meissner Effect
2. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Rockwell
Brittle Ceramics
Film Deposition
Metallization
3. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Transgranular Fracture
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Magnetic Storage
4. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
Transgranular Fracture
Oxidation
Color
5. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Luminescence examples
Superconductivity
Electrical Conduction
Intergranular Fracture
6. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
Lithography
Refraction
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
7. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
The Transistor
True Strain
Rockwell
Impact energy
8. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Scattering
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
9. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
True Strain
M is known as what?
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
10. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Not severe
Holloman Equation
True Stress
11. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Refraction
Thermal Shock Resistance
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
12. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Metallization
Opacity
Internal magnetic moments
13. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Bending tests
Insulators
Paramagnetic Materials
M is known as what?
14. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Refraction
Opacity
Fatigue
15. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Etching
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Stress Intensity values
Charpy or Izod test
16. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Internal magnetic moments
Rockwell
High impact energy
17. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Shear and Tensile Stress
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
18. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Large Hardness
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Conduction & Electron Transport
Reflection of Light for Metals
19. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
Not severe
True Stress
The Transistor
20. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Transgranular Fracture
Relative Permeability
To improve fatigue life
Lithography
21. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Bending tests
Refraction
Holloman Equation
Two ways to measure heat capacity
22. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Ductile Materials
Transparent
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
23. Diffuse image
Superconductivity
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Translucent
There is no perfect material?
24. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Shear and Tensile Stress
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
25. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Stress Intensity Factor
Heat Capacity
Thermal Shock Resistance
Impact energy
26. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Yield and Reliability
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Reflectance of Non-Metals
27. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Holloman Equation
Thermal Stresses
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
28. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Relative Permeability
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Hard Magnetic Materials
There is no perfect material?
29. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Impact - Toughness
Large Hardness
Ductile Fracture
30. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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31. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Response to a Magnetic Field
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
32. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Why materials fail in service
Thermal Conductivity
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Impact energy
33. Is analogous to toughness.
Insulators
Translucent
Luminescence examples
Impact energy
34. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Opaque
Brittle Fracture
Heat Capacity
Two ways to measure heat capacity
35. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Linewidth
Fatigue
36. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Scattering
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Elastic Deformation
Thermal Conductivity
37. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Large Hardness
Impact energy
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Brittle Fracture
38. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Stress Intensity values
Large Hardness
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Shear and Tensile Stress
39. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Refraction
Hardness
Work Hardening
Brittle Ceramics
40. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Thermal Shock Resistance
Refraction
Ductile Fracture
41. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Impact - Toughness
Response to a Magnetic Field
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Relative Permeability
42. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Intergranular Fracture
Why materials fail in service
Fatigue
Reflectance of Non-Metals
43. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Impact - Toughness
Griffith Crack Model
44. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Brittle Materials
4 Types of Magnetism
Slip Bands
45. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Elastic Deformation
Luminescence examples
46. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Elastic Deformation
Thermal Conductivity
Shear and Tensile Stress
47. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Where does DBTT occur?
Shear and Tensile Stress
Heat Capacity
Incoherent
48. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Stress Intensity values
Transgranular Fracture
LASER
49. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Thermal Stresses
Film Deposition
How an LCD works
4 Types of Magnetism
50. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Transgranular Fracture
Brittle Materials
Stress Intensity Factor
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