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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Rockwell
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Ductile Materials
M is known as what?
2. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Yield and Reliability
Diamagnetic Materials
Color
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
3. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Relative Permeability
Force Decomposition
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Incoherent
4. Diffuse image
Meissner Effect
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Translucent
Refraction
5. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Ductile Fracture
Refraction
Bending tests
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
6. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
4 Types of Magnetism
Electrical Conduction
High impact energy
Slip Bands
7. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Soft Magnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Internal magnetic moments
Magnetic Storage
8. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Brittle Ceramics
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Opacity
9. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Impact energy
4 Types of Magnetism
Fatigue
10. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Coherent
Meissner Effect
4 Types of Magnetism
Superconductivity
11. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Magnetic Storage
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Transparent
Relative Permeability
12. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Fourier's Law
Elastic Deformation
Transparent
Luminescence
13. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Soft Magnetic Materials
Refraction
Brittle Fracture
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
14. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
High impact energy
15. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Ductile Fracture
Thermal expansion
Two kinds of Reflection
Where does DBTT occur?
16. Emitted light is in phase
Sparkle of Diamonds
Coherent
Elastic Deformation
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
17. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Response to a Magnetic Field
Incoherent
18. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Thermal Conductivity
Oxidation
Brittle Materials
19. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
The Transistor
Extrinsic Semiconductors
M is known as what?
Stress Intensity Factor
20. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Incoherent
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Sparkle of Diamonds
Superconductivity
21. Is analogous to toughness.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Conduction & Electron Transport
Impact energy
Engineering Fracture Performance
22. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Refraction
Brittle Materials
LASER
23. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
LASER
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Linewidth
24. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Griffith Crack Model
Opacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
Hardness
25. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Two ways to measure heat capacity
To improve fatigue life
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
26. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Thermal Conductivity
Bending tests
True Stress
Opacity
27. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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28. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Translucent
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Opacity
Engineering Fracture Performance
29. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Stress Intensity Factor
Rockwell
Oxidation
Large Hardness
30. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Force Decomposition
Two ways to measure heat capacity
31. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Bending tests
High impact energy
Incoherent
Refraction
32. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Transgranular Fracture
To improve fatigue life
33. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
How an LCD works
Internal magnetic moments
High impact energy
HB (Brinell Hardness)
34. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Incident Light
True Strain
True Stress
Magnetic Storage
35. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Opacifiers
Hardness
Metallization
36. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Conduction & Electron Transport
Film Deposition
Brittle Ceramics
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
37. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Shear and Tensile Stress
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Fourier's Law
38. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Incident Light
Opaque
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Slip Bands
39. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Incident Light
Valence band
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
40. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Refraction
Response to a Magnetic Field
Internal magnetic moments
41. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
Valence band
There is no perfect material?
Sparkle of Diamonds
42. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Hardness
Paramagnetic Materials
Meissner Effect
Stress Intensity Factor
43. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Stress Intensity values
Brittle Ceramics
Refraction
Ductile Fracture
44. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Insulators
Why materials fail in service
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
45. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Magnetic Storage
Translucent
Refraction
46. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Relative Permeability
Reflection of Light for Metals
Electrical Conduction
47. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Thermal Shock Resistance
Transparent
Ductile Materials
48. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Paramagnetic Materials
Valence band
Translucent
Incident Light
49. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Where does DBTT occur?
Scattering
Response to a Magnetic Field
50. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Griffith Crack Model
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Brittle Ceramics
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve