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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Slip Bands
Luminescence examples
Where does DBTT occur?
2. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
Luminescence examples
There is no perfect material?
3. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Brittle Fracture
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Film Deposition
4. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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5. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
To improve fatigue life
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Conduction & Electron Transport
6. Materials change size when temperature is changed
True Stress
Thermal expansion
Opacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
7. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Brittle Materials
Conduction & Electron Transport
There is no perfect material?
8. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Linewidth
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
9. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Luminescence examples
Stress Intensity values
Sparkle of Diamonds
Insulators
10. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
M is known as what?
Stress Intensity values
11. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Magnetic Storage
How an LCD works
True Strain
Thermal Stresses
12. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Valence band
Metallization
Yield and Reliability
Work Hardening
13. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Charpy or Izod test
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Refraction
14. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
How an LCD works
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Hardness
15. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
The Transistor
Reflection of Light for Metals
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Two ways to measure heat capacity
16. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Soft Magnetic Materials
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
17. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Fourier's Law
Luminescence
Thermal Shock Resistance
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
18. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Diamagnetic Materials
Oxidation
High impact energy
The three modes of crack surface displacement
19. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Oxidation
Large Hardness
LASER
20. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
Superconductivity
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Force Decomposition
Lithography
21. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Color
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Intergranular Fracture
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
22. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Refraction
Intergranular Fracture
Scattering
Linewidth
23. Emitted light is in phase
Ductile Materials
Paramagnetic Materials
Diamagnetic Materials
Coherent
24. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Insulators
Not severe
Ductile Fracture
Brittle Materials
25. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Magnetic Storage
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Soft Magnetic Materials
Charpy or Izod test
26. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Paramagnetic Materials
Brittle Fracture
Force Decomposition
Specific Heat
27. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Hardness
Translucent
28. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Brittle Fracture
Translucent
Electromigration
Meissner Effect
29. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Sparkle of Diamonds
Internal magnetic moments
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
30. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
4 Types of Magnetism
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Diamagnetic Materials
31. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Insulators
Rockwell
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
32. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Etching
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
True Stress
Meissner Effect
33. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Opaque
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Rockwell
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
34. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
How an LCD works
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Shear and Tensile Stress
Slip Bands
35. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Response to a Magnetic Field
36. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
To improve fatigue life
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Opaque
Reflectance of Non-Metals
37. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Diamagnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage
The Transistor
Ductile Materials
38. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Why materials fail in service
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Brittle Fracture
39. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Thermal Shock Resistance
Transgranular Fracture
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
40. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Fourier's Law
Luminescence
Work Hardening
Lithography
41. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
True Strain
Ductile Fracture
Superconductivity
True Stress
42. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Magnetic Storage
True Strain
Film Deposition
43. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Opacifiers
Charpy or Izod test
Bending tests
Brittle Ceramics
44. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
M is known as what?
Intergranular Fracture
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Soft Magnetic Materials
45. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Soft Magnetic Materials
Oxidation
Brittle Fracture
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
46. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Slip Bands
Refraction
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Soft Magnetic Materials
47. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Internal magnetic moments
LASER
Luminescence
Thermal expansion
48. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Relative Permeability
M is known as what?
Internal magnetic moments
Conduction & Electron Transport
49. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Brittle Ceramics
Magnetic Storage
Engineering Fracture Performance
4 Types of Magnetism
50. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Internal magnetic moments
High impact energy
Superconductivity