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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.






2. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)






3. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values






4. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






5. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.






6. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.






7. Sigma=ln(li/lo)






8. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW






9. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)






10. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))






11. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent






12. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






13. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.






14. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion






15. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low






16. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.






17. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R






18. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of






19. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m






20. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.






21. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection






22. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.






23. Diffuse image






24. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid






25. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.






26. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB






27. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.






28. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel






29. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.






30. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION

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31. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow






32. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values






33. Is analogous to toughness.






34. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.






35. Materials change size when temperature is changed






36. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting






37. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.






38. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.






39. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.






40. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture






41. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.






42. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.






43. Stress concentration at a crack tips






44. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






45. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.






46. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface






47. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.






48. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.






49. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule






50. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.







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