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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing






2. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.






3. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.






4. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.






5. Emitted light is in phase






6. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress






7. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.






8. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)






9. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance






10. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals






11. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






12. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.






13. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.






14. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.






15. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.






16. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.






17. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.






18. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface






19. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)






20. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in






21. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.






22. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))






23. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.






24. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.

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25. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation






26. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.






27. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection






28. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






29. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe






30. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.






31. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.






32. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.






33. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel






34. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe






35. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.






36. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str






37. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of






38. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW






39. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.






40. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)






41. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.






42. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.






43. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.






44. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d






45. Sigma=ln(li/lo)






46. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.






47. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.






48. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values






49. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant






50. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion







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