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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)






2. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress






3. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by






4. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.






5. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R






6. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional






7. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.






8. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.






9. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.






10. Emitted light is in phase






11. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in






12. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values






13. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






14. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent






15. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.






16. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection






17. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture






18. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.






19. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m






20. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))






21. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






22. Materials change size when temperature is changed






23. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals






24. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing






25. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid






26. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)






27. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation






28. Stress concentration at a crack tips






29. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.






30. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.






31. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






32. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)






33. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.






34. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.






35. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.






36. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.






37. Is analogous to toughness.






38. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe






39. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture






40. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.






41. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.






42. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.






43. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.






44. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.

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45. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.






46. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation






47. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.






48. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.






49. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.






50. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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