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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Opacity
2. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Meissner Effect
Charpy or Izod test
3. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Color
True Strain
Opacity
4. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Charpy or Izod test
Luminescence examples
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
5. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
High impact energy
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
6. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Hardness
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Superconductivity
Luminescence
7. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Oxidation
Specific Heat
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
True Strain
8. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
High impact energy
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Force Decomposition
Hardness
9. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Metallization
Diamagnetic Materials
Superconductivity
Electrical Conduction
10. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Soft Magnetic Materials
Impact - Toughness
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
11. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Elastic Deformation
Ductile Fracture
Opacifiers
Impact - Toughness
12. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Lithography
Opacifiers
Not severe
13. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
The Transistor
4 Types of Magnetism
Shear and Tensile Stress
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
14. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Translucent
Magnetic Storage
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
15. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Scattering
Reflectance of Non-Metals
M is known as what?
Soft Magnetic Materials
16. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Stress Intensity Factor
Large Hardness
4 Types of Magnetism
17. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Internal magnetic moments
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Insulators
Refraction
18. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Intergranular Fracture
LASER
19. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Reflection of Light for Metals
Opaque
Film Deposition
M is known as what?
20. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Hardness
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Luminescence examples
Impact - Toughness
21. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
High impact energy
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Refraction
22. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Two kinds of Reflection
Etching
M is known as what?
Specific Heat
23. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Holloman Equation
How an LCD works
Extrinsic Semiconductors
To improve fatigue life
24. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Luminescence
Oxidation
Electrical Conduction
Large Hardness
25. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Meissner Effect
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Diamagnetic Materials
26. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Force Decomposition
Electromigration
Scattering
27. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Valence band
Incoherent
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Oxidation
28. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Force Decomposition
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Slip Bands
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
29. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Work Hardening
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Two ways to measure heat capacity
HB (Brinell Hardness)
30. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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31. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Thermal Conductivity
Two kinds of Reflection
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Work Hardening
32. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Rockwell
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
33. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Luminescence
Fatigue
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Griffith Crack Model
34. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Charpy or Izod test
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
35. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Thermal Conductivity
LASER
Etching
Engineering Fracture Performance
36. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
To improve fatigue life
Metallization
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Force Decomposition
37. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
Film Deposition
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Two ways to measure heat capacity
38. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Transgranular Fracture
39. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Where does DBTT occur?
Charpy or Izod test
Elastic Deformation
The Transistor
40. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Brittle Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
41. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Opacifiers
Force Decomposition
Incoherent
Brittle Materials
42. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Elastic Deformation
Insulators
There is no perfect material?
Opacifiers
43. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Fatigue
Film Deposition
Opacity
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
44. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Thermal Conductivity
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Stress Intensity Factor
45. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Relative Permeability
Lithography
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
46. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Relative Permeability
Paramagnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Why materials fail in service
47. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
Sparkle of Diamonds
True Strain
Why materials fail in service
True Stress
48. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Large Hardness
High impact energy
Paramagnetic Materials
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
49. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Valence band
Thermal Conductivity
Incoherent
Hardness
50. Emitted light is in phase
Coherent
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Opacity