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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Paramagnetic Materials
The three modes of crack surface displacement
2. Is analogous to toughness.
Griffith Crack Model
Intergranular Fracture
Impact energy
Brittle Materials
3. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
4 Types of Magnetism
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Luminescence
Film Deposition
4. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Superconductivity
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Metallization
5. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
The Transistor
4 Types of Magnetism
Coherent
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
6. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Linewidth
Translucent
Conduction & Electron Transport
Transgranular Fracture
7. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Coherent
Work Hardening
Hardness
Internal magnetic moments
8. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Thermal Stresses
Internal magnetic moments
Thermal expansion
Electromigration
9. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Large Hardness
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Reflection of Light for Metals
Electrical Conduction
10. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
Etching
Valence band
How an LCD works
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
11. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Oxidation
Force Decomposition
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
12. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Soft Magnetic Materials
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Not severe
13. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Brittle Materials
Charpy or Izod test
Griffith Crack Model
Opacity
14. Diffuse image
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Rockwell
Charpy or Izod test
Translucent
15. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Incident Light
Color
Hard Magnetic Materials
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
16. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.
Ductile Fracture
Bending tests
Superconductivity
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
17. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Charpy or Izod test
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Bending tests
18. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Meissner Effect
Specific Heat
Stress Intensity values
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
19. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Impact - Toughness
Ductile Materials
Ductile Fracture
Insulators
20. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Opaque
There is no perfect material?
Rockwell
21. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Internal magnetic moments
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
22. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Opacifiers
Color
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Electromigration
23. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Stress Intensity Factor
M is known as what?
Translucent
24. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Scattering
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Insulators
Fatigue
25. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Opacity
Where does DBTT occur?
Yield and Reliability
26. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Work Hardening
Stress Intensity Factor
Rockwell
Insulators
27. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Yield and Reliability
Not severe
Incoherent
Opacity
28. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Brittle Fracture
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Engineering Fracture Performance
Response to a Magnetic Field
29. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Linewidth
Shear and Tensile Stress
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Response to a Magnetic Field
30. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
True Stress
Sparkle of Diamonds
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Hardness
31. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Heat Capacity
Valence band
Fourier's Law
32. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Electrical Conduction
True Stress
Diamagnetic Materials
Translucent
33. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Impact - Toughness
Specific Heat
Heat Capacity
34. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Brittle Ceramics
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Large Hardness
Holloman Equation
35. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Thermal Conductivity
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
LASER
Oxidation
36. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Metallization
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Engineering Fracture Performance
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
37. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASER
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Two ways to measure heat capacity
38. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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39. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Transparent
Work Hardening
Incoherent
Relative Permeability
40. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Etching
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Luminescence
Refraction
41. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
The Transistor
Sparkle of Diamonds
There is no perfect material?
Thermal Conductivity
42. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Why materials fail in service
M is known as what?
Soft Magnetic Materials
Thermal Shock Resistance
43. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
True Strain
Electromigration
Stress Intensity Factor
To improve fatigue life
44. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Thermal Conductivity
Metallization
Linewidth
Opacifiers
45. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Electromigration
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Stress Intensity values
46. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Coherent
Large Hardness
Paramagnetic Materials
47. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
48. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Stress Intensity Factor
Oxidation
Work Hardening
49. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Brittle Ceramics
Luminescence examples
Internal magnetic moments
Sparkle of Diamonds
50. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Coherent
Linewidth
Thermal Shock Resistance