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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Impact - Toughness
Fatigue
Relative Permeability
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
2. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Ductile Materials
Linewidth
Luminescence
Two ways to measure heat capacity
3. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Transgranular Fracture
Diamagnetic Materials
High impact energy
Oxidation
4. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Stress Intensity values
Elastic Deformation
Transparent
5. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Luminescence
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Brittle Ceramics
6. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Electrical Conduction
Hard Magnetic Materials
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
7. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Brittle Ceramics
Not severe
Etching
8. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Lithography
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Transparent
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
9. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Large Hardness
How an LCD works
10. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Heat Capacity
There is no perfect material?
Brittle Fracture
11. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Transgranular Fracture
Charpy or Izod test
Reflectance of Non-Metals
HB (Brinell Hardness)
12. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Thermal expansion
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Brittle Ceramics
13. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Insulators
How an LCD works
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Two ways to measure heat capacity
14. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Thermal Conductivity
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Opacity
15. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Incoherent
16. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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17. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Not severe
Lithography
Paramagnetic Materials
18. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Where does DBTT occur?
Luminescence
Response to a Magnetic Field
19. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LASER
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Sparkle of Diamonds
Film Deposition
20. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Lithography
Brittle Fracture
Opacity
21. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Brittle Materials
Insulators
Engineering Fracture Performance
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
22. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Conduction & Electron Transport
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Refraction
23. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Scattering
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Magnetic Storage
24. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Transgranular Fracture
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Magnetic Storage Media Types
25. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Diamagnetic Materials
Force Decomposition
True Stress
Refraction
26. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Incident Light
Griffith Crack Model
Insulators
HB (Brinell Hardness)
27. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Work Hardening
High impact energy
Sparkle of Diamonds
Transparent
28. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Bending tests
Reflectance of Non-Metals
29. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Conduction & Electron Transport
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Where does DBTT occur?
30. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Ductile Fracture
Translucent
Refraction
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
31. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
LASER
Luminescence
To improve fatigue life
Elastic Deformation
32. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Two kinds of Reflection
Charpy or Izod test
Scattering
Internal magnetic moments
33. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
M is known as what?
Stress Intensity values
Superconductivity
Yield and Reliability
34. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
How an LCD works
Electromigration
Impact - Toughness
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
35. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Magnetic Storage
Not severe
Response to a Magnetic Field
There is no perfect material?
36. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Soft Magnetic Materials
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Impact - Toughness
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
37. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
The three modes of crack surface displacement
How an LCD works
Thermal Conductivity
38. Wet: isotropic - under cut Dry: ansiotropic - directional
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Etching
Heat Capacity
Refraction
39. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Ductile Materials
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Hard Magnetic Materials
Transparent
40. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Opacity
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Incoherent
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
41. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Lithography
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Electrical Conduction
42. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Not severe
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Valence band
43. Found in 26 metals and hundreds of alloys & compounds - Tc= critical temperature = termperature below which material is superconductive.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Superconductivity
Etching
44. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Relative Permeability
Luminescence examples
Thermal expansion
Thermal Stresses
45. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Ductile Fracture
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Brittle Ceramics
Slip Bands
46. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Coherent
Electromigration
Large Hardness
Internal magnetic moments
47. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Superconductivity
Thermal Conductivity
Insulators
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
48. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Luminescence examples
Griffith Crack Model
Thermal Shock Resistance
Stress Intensity values
49. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Oxidation
Yield and Reliability
M is known as what?
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
50. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Film Deposition
Why materials fail in service
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types