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Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Diffuse image
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Translucent
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Holloman Equation
2. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Translucent
Refraction
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Luminescence examples
3. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Response to a Magnetic Field
Electromigration
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Coherent
4. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Fatigue
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Sparkle of Diamonds
Valence band
5. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Hardness
Refraction
Intergranular Fracture
6. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Ductile Fracture
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Brittle Materials
7. Is analogous to toughness.
Impact energy
Opacifiers
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Specific Heat
8. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Film Deposition
Diamagnetic Materials
Thermal Stresses
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
9. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Rockwell
Incident Light
10. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Engineering Fracture Performance
Rockwell
11. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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12. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Large Hardness
Metallization
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Response to a Magnetic Field
13. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Transparent
Holloman Equation
LASER
Diamagnetic Materials
14. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Shear and Tensile Stress
The Transistor
Scattering
Soft Magnetic Materials
15. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Stress Intensity Factor
Film Deposition
Paramagnetic Materials
Soft Magnetic Materials
16. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Reflection of Light for Metals
Incident Light
Opacifiers
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
17. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Soft Magnetic Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
18. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Film Deposition
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
LASER
Fatigue
19. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.
Griffith Crack Model
Slip Bands
Luminescence examples
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
20. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Etching
Refraction
Elastic Deformation
Opacifiers
21. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Hardness
Paramagnetic Materials
Relative Permeability
22. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
4 Types of Magnetism
Ductile Fracture
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Two kinds of Reflection
23. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Bending tests
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Reflection of Light for Metals
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
24. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
LASER
Ductile Fracture
Relative Permeability
Scattering
25. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Engineering Fracture Performance
There is no perfect material?
Electromigration
Shear and Tensile Stress
26. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Elastic Deformation
Specific Heat
27. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Brittle Materials
The three modes of crack surface displacement
To improve fatigue life
Two ways to measure heat capacity
28. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
4 Types of Magnetism
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Specific Heat
Transgranular Fracture
29. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Brittle Fracture
Luminescence
30. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
M is known as what?
Brittle Materials
Force Decomposition
Fourier's Law
31. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Opacity
Opaque
Thermal Shock Resistance
32. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Etching
Intergranular Fracture
What do magnetic moments arise from?
33. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Ductile Fracture
Opacity
Incoherent
Elastic Deformation
34. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Diamagnetic Materials
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
35. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Large Hardness
Impact energy
Thermal expansion
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
36. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Fatigue
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Thermal Shock Resistance
Holloman Equation
37. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Metallization
Valence band
Stress Intensity values
38. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Film Deposition
Thermal Shock Resistance
Fatigue
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
39. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
How an LCD works
Refraction
Thermal Shock Resistance
Opacity
40. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
Thermal expansion
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Incident Light
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
41. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Incoherent
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Hardness
Transparent
42. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Brittle Materials
The Transistor
Thermal Stresses
The three modes of crack surface displacement
43. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Metallization
Etching
Holloman Equation
Color
44. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Metallization
Luminescence
How an LCD works
Slip Bands
45. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Large Hardness
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Slip Bands
Force Decomposition
46. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Luminescence
Work Hardening
Elastic Deformation
47. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Transgranular Fracture
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
The three modes of crack surface displacement
48. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Color
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Meissner Effect
49. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
True Strain
Metallization
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
50. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Thermal Conductivity
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Brittle Ceramics
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
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