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Engineering Materials

Subject : engineering
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.






2. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals






3. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.






4. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture






5. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.

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6. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds






7. Materials change size when temperature is changed






8. Because of ionic & covalent-type bonding.






9. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.






10. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid






11. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.






12. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.






13. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow






14. They are used to assess properties of ceramics & glasses.






15. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)






16. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.






17. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.






18. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low






19. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)






20. Second phase particles with n > glass.






21. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg






22. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.






23. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.






24. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)






25. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by






26. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)






27. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.






28. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.






29. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values






30. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)






31. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion






32. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.






33. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe






34. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant






35. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of






36. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance






37. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.






38. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress






39. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture






40. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion






41. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.






42. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule






43. Occur when lots of dislocations move.






44. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.






45. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.






46. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."






47. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection






48. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation






49. Is analogous to toughness.






50. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio







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