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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
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Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Color
What do magnetic moments arise from?
True Strain
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
2. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
Refraction
Two kinds of Reflection
Electromigration
Response to a Magnetic Field
3. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Coherent
Fourier's Law
Intergranular Fracture
Fatigue
4. 1. Tc= critical temperature- if T>Tc not superconducting 2. Jc= critical current density - if J>Jc not superconducting 3. Hc= critical magnetic field - if H > Hc not superconducting
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Paramagnetic Materials
Transgranular Fracture
Heat Capacity
5. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Force Decomposition
Not severe
Yield and Reliability
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
6. Is analogous to toughness.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Impact energy
Hard Magnetic Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
7. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
How an LCD works
To improve fatigue life
Bending tests
8. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Engineering Fracture Performance
There is no perfect material?
Refraction
Soft Magnetic Materials
9. Cracks propagate along grain boundaries.
Intergranular Fracture
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Internal magnetic moments
Fatigue
10. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Electrical Conduction
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Fatigue
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
11. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
Where does DBTT occur?
Intergranular Fracture
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Intrinsic Semiconductors
12. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Magnetic Storage
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Oxidation
13. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Electrical Conduction
There is no perfect material?
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Elastic Deformation
14. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Large Hardness
Transgranular Fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
Lithography
15. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Brittle Materials
Opacifiers
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Scattering
16. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
High impact energy
Intergranular Fracture
Relative Permeability
Lithography
17. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Work Hardening
Transparent
Opaque
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
18. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Linewidth
Stress Intensity values
Sparkle of Diamonds
Diamagnetic Materials
19. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Oxidation
Meissner Effect
High impact energy
20. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Metallization
Incoherent
Impact - Toughness
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
21. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
Why materials fail in service
How an LCD works
Reflection of Light for Metals
Elastic Deformation
22. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Thermal Conductivity
Hard Magnetic Materials
Sparkle of Diamonds
True Strain
23. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Electromigration
Reflection of Light for Metals
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Refraction
24. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Scattering
Holloman Equation
Where does DBTT occur?
25. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Thermal expansion
Electromigration
26. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Shear and Tensile Stress
Not severe
Opacity
Luminescence
27. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Opaque
What do magnetic moments arise from?
True Strain
28. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Valence band
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Slip Bands
Relative Permeability
29. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Bending tests
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Color
30. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Specific Heat
Insulators
The Transistor
31. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Superconductivity
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Insulators
32. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Response to a Magnetic Field
Stress Intensity Factor
33. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
To improve fatigue life
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
34. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Brittle Fracture
Oxidation
Stress Intensity values
Large Hardness
35. As the applied field (H) increases the magnetic domains change shape and size by movement of domain boundaries.
Hardness
Two kinds of Reflection
High impact energy
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
36. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Holloman Equation
Response to a Magnetic Field
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
37. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Transgranular Fracture
Oxidation
Heat Capacity
38. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Intergranular Fracture
Relative Permeability
Fourier's Law
Opacity
39. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Color
Fatigue
Griffith Crack Model
Not severe
40. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
M is known as what?
Fourier's Law
41. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Response to a Magnetic Field
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Brittle Materials
42. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Ductile Fracture
Elastic Deformation
Brittle Materials
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
43. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Refraction
Electrical Conduction
LASER
Thermal Shock Resistance
44. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Heat Capacity
Charpy or Izod test
Magnetic Storage Media Types
45. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Force Decomposition
Transparent
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
46. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Soft Magnetic Materials
Incoherent
47. Diffuse image
Luminescence examples
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Translucent
Diamagnetic Materials
48. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Thermal Stresses
Engineering Fracture Performance
Griffith Crack Model
49. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Fourier's Law
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Relative Permeability
Response to a Magnetic Field
50. - Metals that exhibit high ductility - exhibit high toughness. Ceramics are very strong - but have low ductility and low toughness - Polymers are very ductile but are not generally very strong in shear (compared to metals and ceramics). They have low
Stress Intensity values
Opacifiers
Thermal Shock Resistance
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
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