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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Brittle Materials
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
To improve fatigue life
2. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Ductile Fracture
How an LCD works
High impact energy
Magnetic Storage
3. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Brittle Fracture
4. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Opacity
Stress Intensity Factor
Transgranular Fracture
5. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Ductile Fracture
Refraction
Translucent
6. Increase temperature - no increase in interatomic separation - no thermal expansion
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Metallization
Holloman Equation
7. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Brittle Materials
Two kinds of Reflection
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Meissner Effect
8. Stress concentration at a crack tips
Griffith Crack Model
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Impact energy
Stress Intensity Factor
9. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Lithography
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Not severe
Luminescence
10. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Paramagnetic Materials
Opacifiers
The Transistor
Soft Magnetic Materials
11. Ohms Law: voltage drop = current * resistance
Intergranular Fracture
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Electrical Conduction
Slip Bands
12. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
To improve fatigue life
Ductile Fracture
Incoherent
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
13. (sigma)=F/Ai (rho)=(rho)'(1+(epsilon))
True Stress
Valence band
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Griffith Crack Model
14. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Hard Magnetic Materials
Specific Heat
To improve fatigue life
Holloman Equation
15. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Lithography
Thermal expansion
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Intrinsic Semiconductors
16. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Refraction
4 Types of Magnetism
Internal magnetic moments
Ductile Fracture
17. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Thermal expansion
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Insulators
18. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
True Stress
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Brittle Ceramics
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
19. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
Transparent
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Thermal Conductivity
20. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Refraction
Meissner Effect
Hardness
Griffith Crack Model
21. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Heat Capacity
Oxidation
22. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Large Hardness
Yield and Reliability
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Incident Light
23. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Holloman Equation
Meissner Effect
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
24. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Relative Permeability
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Coherent
25. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Shear and Tensile Stress
Internal magnetic moments
Ductile Fracture
Scattering
26. Plastic means permanent! When a small load is applied - bonds stretch & planes shear. Then when the load is no longer applied - the planes are still sheared.
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Not severe
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Valence band
27. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Linewidth
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Large Hardness
28. There is always some statistical distribution of flaws or defects.
Magnetic Storage
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Stress Intensity Factor
There is no perfect material?
29. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Color
To improve fatigue life
Force Decomposition
Yield and Reliability
30. A measure of the ease with which a B field can be induced inside a material.
Relative Permeability
Linewidth
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Ductile Materials
31. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Relative Permeability
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Scattering
32. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Not severe
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
M is known as what?
Electromigration
33. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Hard Magnetic Materials
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Heat Capacity
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
34. Becomes harder (more strain) to stretch (elongate)
Work Hardening
Griffith Crack Model
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Diamagnetic Materials
35. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Opaque
There is no perfect material?
Ductile Fracture
Impact - Toughness
36. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Ductile Fracture
Specific Heat
37. Materials change size when temperature is changed
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Thermal expansion
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Scattering
38. Failure under cyclic stress 1. It can cause part failure - even though (sigma)max < (sigma)c 2. Causes ~90% of mechanical engineering failures.
Not severe
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
Fatigue
High impact energy
39. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Impact energy
Etching
Transgranular Fracture
40. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
The Transistor
Transparent
Ductile Fracture
Thermal Stresses
41. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Sparkle of Diamonds
Fourier's Law
Fatigue
Engineering Fracture Performance
42. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
4 Types of Magnetism
Stress Intensity values
Shear and Tensile Stress
Extrinsic Semiconductors
43. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Rockwell
Opaque
Color
Refraction
44. Growth of an oxide layer by the reaction of oxygen with the substrate - Provides dopant masking and device isolation - IC technology uses 1. Thermal grown oxidation (dry) 2. Wet Oxidation 3. Selective Oxidation
Oxidation
Brittle Materials
Meissner Effect
Coherent
45. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
Luminescence examples
Two ways to measure heat capacity
True Stress
Sparkle of Diamonds
46. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Fatigue
Luminescence examples
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
47. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Linewidth
Color
Ductile Materials
Etching
48. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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49. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Large Hardness
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Linewidth
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
50. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Diamagnetic Materials
Hard Magnetic Materials
Stress Intensity Factor