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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cracks pass through grains - often along specific crystal planes.
Stress Intensity Factor
Opacifiers
Transgranular Fracture
Diamagnetic Materials
2. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Conduction & Electron Transport
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Superconductivity
Heat Capacity
3. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Metallization
Conduction & Electron Transport
Linewidth
4. (sigma)=K(sigma)^n . K = strength coefficient - n = work hardening rate or strain hardening exponent. Large n value increases strength and hardness.
Holloman Equation
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Ductile Fracture
5. Is analogous to toughness.
True Stress
Metallization
Heat Capacity
Impact energy
6. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Thermal Stresses
7. This strength parameter is similar in magnitude to a tensile strength. Fracture occurs along the outermost sample edge - which is under a tensile load.
Slip Bands
Internal magnetic moments
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
8. 1. General yielding occurs if flaw size a < a(critical) 2. Catastrophic fast fracture occurs if flaw size a > a(critical)
Engineering Fracture Performance
Color
Griffith Crack Model
Meissner Effect
9. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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10. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
High impact energy
Response to a Magnetic Field
Metallization
Two ways to measure heat capacity
11. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
Two ways to measure heat capacity
To improve fatigue life
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
12. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Brittle Ceramics
Work Hardening
Fourier's Law
Opacifiers
13. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Thermal Conductivity
Internal magnetic moments
Magnetic Storage
14. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Metallization
Opacity
Brittle Materials
Engineering Fracture Performance
15. A parallel-plate capacitor involves an insulator - or dielectric - between two metal electrodes. The charge density buildup at the capacitor surface is related to the dielectric constant of the material.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Insulators
Why do ceramics have larger bonding energy?
High impact energy
16. 1. Imperfections increase resistivity - grain boundaries - dislocations - impurity atoms - vacancies 2. Resistivity - increases with temperature - wt% impurity - and %CW
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Brittle Ceramics
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
17. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Oxidation
Incident Light
Large Hardness
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
18. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
LASER
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Meissner Effect
What do magnetic moments arise from?
19. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
There is no perfect material?
Thermal Shock Resistance
Hard Magnetic Materials
Thermal Stresses
20. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Brittle Ceramics
Incident Light
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
21. Dramatic change in impact energy is associated with a change in fracture mode from brittle to ductile.
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Specific Heat
Diamagnetic Materials
Internal magnetic moments
22. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Lithography
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
23. Transformer cores require soft magnetic materials - which are easily magnetized and de-magnetized - and have high electrical resistivity - Energy losses in transformers could be minimized if their cores were fabricated such that the easy magnetizatio
Elastic Deformation
Opacifiers
Conduction & Electron Transport
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
24. Process by which metal atoms diffuse because of a potential.
Valence band
Relative Permeability
Electromigration
Conduction & Electron Transport
25. Superconductors expel magnetic fields - This is why a superconductor will float above a magnet.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Brittle Fracture
Color
Meissner Effect
26. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Opacity
Conduction & Electron Transport
Brittle Ceramics
27. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Slip Bands
LASER
Fourier's Law
Hard Magnetic Materials
28. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
Hard Magnetic Materials
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
Metallization
Meissner Effect
29. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Engineering Fracture Performance
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Incident Light
Intrinsic Semiconductors
30. Large coercivities - Used for permanent magnets - Add particles/voids to inhibit domain wall motion - Example: tungsten steel
Soft Magnetic Materials
Thermal expansion
Opacity
Hard Magnetic Materials
31. Digitalized data in the form of electrical signals are transferred to and recorded digitally on a magnetic medium (tape or disk) - This transference is accomplished by a recording system that consists of a read/write head - "write" or record data by
Ductile Materials
Sparkle of Diamonds
Magnetic Storage
Hardness
32. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Yield and Reliability
Magnetic Storage
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
How an LCD works
33. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Reflection of Light for Metals
Hardness
4 Types of Magnetism
34. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Yield and Reliability
Opaque
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
35. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Color
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Response to a Magnetic Field
Lithography
36. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Elastic Deformation
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Luminescence examples
37. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Paramagnetic Materials
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
Translucent
38. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Refraction
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Force Decomposition
M is known as what?
39. Created by current through a coil N= total number of turns L= length of turns (m) I= current (ampere) H= applied magnetic field (ampere-turns/m) Bo= magnetic flux density in a vacuum (tesla)
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Thermal Conductivity
Incident Light
Film Deposition
40. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
Superconductivity
M is known as what?
Fourier's Law
Bending tests
41. 1. Ductility- % elongation - % reduction in area - may be of use in metal forming operations (e.g. - stretch forming). This is convenient for mechanical testing - but not very meaningful for most deformation processing. 2. Toughness- Area beneath str
Large Hardness
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Bending tests
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
42. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Refraction
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Work Hardening
43. Emitted light is in phase
There is no perfect material?
Coherent
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
44. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Thermal expansion
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Luminescence examples
Reflectance of Non-Metals
45. Transmitted light distorts electron clouds - The velocity of light in a material is lower than in a vacuum - Adding large ions to glass decreases the speed of light in the glass - Light can be "bent" (or refracted) as it passes through a transparent
M is known as what?
Holloman Equation
Stress Intensity values
Refraction
46. Specific heat = energy input/(mass*temperature change)
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Sparkle of Diamonds
Specific Heat
47. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Extrinsic Semiconductors
48. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Thermal Conductivity
Elastic Deformation
Where does DBTT occur?
To improve fatigue life
49. 1. Ability of the material to absorb energy prior to fracture 2. Short term dynamic stressing - Car collisions - Bullets - Athletic equipment 3. This is different than toughness; energy necessary to push a crack (flaw) through a material 4. Useful in
Impact - Toughness
Magnetic Storage Media Types
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
50. Measures Hardness 1. psia = 500 x HB 2. MPa = 3.45 x HB
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Luminescence examples
Hard Magnetic Materials
Valence band