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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Another optical property - Depends on the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
Color
Opacifiers
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Stress Intensity values
2. Diffuse image
M is known as what?
Paramagnetic Materials
Response to a Magnetic Field
Translucent
3. Typical loading conditions are _____ enough to break all inter-atomic bonds
Not severe
Ductile Materials
Translucent
Force Decomposition
4. If a material has ________ - then the field generated by those moments must be added to the induced field.
Internal magnetic moments
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Not severe
Relative Permeability
5. Resistance to plastic deformation of cracking in compression - and better wear properties.
Large Hardness
Two kinds of Reflection
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Diamagnetic Materials
6. Without passing a current a continually varying magnetic field will cause a current to flow
Why materials fail in service
Linewidth
Color
Response to a Magnetic Field
7. The Magnetization of the material - and is essentially the dipole moment per unit volume. It is proportional to the applied field. Xm is the magnetic susceptibility.
M is known as what?
Soft Magnetic Materials
How an LCD works
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
8. A high index of refraction (n value) allows for multiple internal reactions.
Sparkle of Diamonds
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Lithography
True Stress
9. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
Thermal Conductivity
Fourier's Law
Stress Intensity values
Incident Light
10. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Rockwell
Reflection of Light for Metals
11. Materials change size when temperature is changed
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Thermal expansion
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Intrinsic Semiconductors
12. 1. Tensile (opening) 2. Sliding 3. Tearing
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Incoherent
Reflection of Light for Metals
How an LCD works
13. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
Scattering
Internal magnetic moments
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
True Strain
14. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
The Transistor
15. Measures impact energy 1. Strike a notched sample with an anvil 2. Measure how far the anvil travels following impact 3. Distance traveled is related to energy required to break the sample 4. Very high rate of loading. Makes materials more "brittle."
Charpy or Izod test
Opacity
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Soft Magnetic Materials
16. No appreciable plastic deformation. The crack propagates very fast; nearly perpendicular to applied stress. Cracks often propagate along specific crystal planes or boundaries.
Hard Magnetic Materials
True Strain
Engineering Fracture Performance
Brittle Fracture
17. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Holloman Equation
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Two ways to measure heat capacity
18. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Shear and Tensile Stress
Opaque
LASER
19. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Lithography
Valence band
Specific Heat
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
20. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Ductile Fracture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Fatigue
21. Specular: light reflecting off a mirror (average) - Diffuse: light reflecting off a white wall (local)
Elastic Deformation
Etching
Two kinds of Reflection
Holloman Equation
22. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Thermal Shock Resistance
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Metallization
23. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Valence band
Luminescence
Domains in Ferromagnetic & Ferrimagnetic Materials
Brittle Fracture
24. Different orientation of cleavage planes in grains.
Electrical Conduction
To improve fatigue life
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
25. Undergo little or no plastic deformation.
Brittle Materials
Rockwell
Incident Light
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
26. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Response to a Magnetic Field
How an LCD works
Slip Bands
Conduction & Electron Transport
27. The magnetic hysteresis phenomenon: Stage 1: Initial (unmagnetized state) Stage 2: Apply H - align domains Stage 3: Remove H - alignment remains => Permanent magnet Stage 4: Coercivity - Hc negative H needed to demagnitize Stage 5: Apply -H - align d
Hardness
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Etching
Thermal Shock Resistance
28. Defines the ability of a material to resist fracture even when a flaw exists - Directly depends on size of flaw and material properties - K(ic) is a materials constant
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
True Strain
M is known as what?
Stress Intensity Factor
29. Emitted light is in phase
Magnetic Storage
Coherent
Internal magnetic moments
Engineering Fracture Performance
30. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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31. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Internal magnetic moments
Ductile Fracture
Coherent
High impact energy
32. Growing interconnections to connect devices -Low electrical resistance - good adhesion to dielectric insulators.
Metallization
Stress Intensity values
Critical Properties of Superconductive Materials
Superconductivity
33. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
Force Decomposition
Fourier's Law
LASER
Thermal Stresses
34. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Color
Heat Capacity
Ductile Materials
Impact - Toughness
35. Small Coercivities - Used for electric motors - Example: commercial iron 99.95 Fe
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Soft Magnetic Materials
Etching
Fatigue
36. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
M is known as what?
37. 1. Yield = ratio of functional chips to total # of chips - Most yield loss during wafer processing - b/c of complex 2. Reliability - No device has infinite lifetime. Statistical methods to predict expected lifetime - Failure mechanisms: Diffusion reg
Charpy or Izod test
Sparkle of Diamonds
Yield and Reliability
Fourier's Law
38. Degree of opacity depends on size and number of particles - Opacity of metals is the result of conduction electrons absorbing photons in the visible range.
Diamagnetic Materials
Luminescence examples
Internal magnetic moments
Opacity
39. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Film Deposition
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Refraction
Stress Intensity values
40. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Slip Bands
Thermal expansion
LASER
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
41. For a metal - there is no ______ - only reflection
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Transparent
Refraction
Why materials fail in service
42. Flaws and Defects - They concentrate stress locally to levels high enough to rupture bonds.
To improve fatigue life
Meissner Effect
True Stress
Why materials fail in service
43. Rho=F/A - tau=G/A . Depending on what angle the force is applied - and what angle the crystal is at - it takes different amounts of force to induce plastic deformation.
Incoherent
Shear and Tensile Stress
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Vacuum
Transgranular Fracture
44. 1. Insulators: Higher energy states NOT ACCESSIBLE due to gap 2. Semiconductors: Higher energy states separated by a smaller gap.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Energy States: Insulators and Semiconductors
Lithography
45. Undergo extensive plastic deformation prior to failure.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Ductile Materials
Elastic Deformation
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
46. These materials are "attracted" to magnetic fields.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Work Hardening
Large Hardness
Paramagnetic Materials
47. ...occurs in bcc metals but not in fcc metals.
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Lithography
Where does DBTT occur?
Luminescence
48. Is analogous to toughness.
HB (Brinell Hardness)
Hard Magnetic Materials
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
Impact energy
49. 1. Necking 2. Cavity formation 3. Cavity coalescence to form cracks 4. Crack propagation (growth) 5. Fracture
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Refraction
Ductile Fracture
Where does DBTT occur?
50. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
Thermal Expansion: Symmetric curve
Electromigration
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Hardness