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Test your basic knowledge |
Engineering Materials
Start Test
Study First
Subject
:
engineering
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allows you to calculate what happened G=F' x cos(lambda) - F=F' x cos(phi)
Stress Intensity Factor
Force Decomposition
Electrical Conduction
How an LCD works
2. Loss of image transmission - You get no image - There is no light transmission - and therefore reflects - scatters - or absorbs ALL of it. Both mirrors and carbon black are opaque.
Magnetic Storage
Relative Permeability
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Opaque
3. Liquid polymer at room T - sandwiched between two sheets of glass - coated with transparent - electrically conductive film. - Character forming letters/ numbers etched on the face - Voltage applied disrupts the orientation of the rod- shaped molecule
Griffith Crack Model
Incoherent
Conduction & Electron Transport
How an LCD works
4. Hardness is the resistance of a material to deformation by indentation - Useful in quality control - Hardness can provide a qualitative assessment of strength - Hardness cannot be used to quantitatively infer strength or ductility.
Hardness
Bending tests
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
Insulators
5. Emitted light is in phase
Heat Capacity
Coherent
Opaque
Metallization
6. Is reflected - absorbed - scattered - and/or transmitted: Io=It+Ia+Ir+Is
There is no perfect material?
Intrinsic Semiconductors
Incident Light
The three modes of crack surface displacement
7. Sigma=ln(li/lo)
Ductile Fracture
Etching
HB (Brinell Hardness)
True Strain
8. 1. Fluorescent Lamp - tungstate or silicate coating on inside of tube emits white light due to UV light generated inside the tube. 2. TV screen - emits light as electron beam is scanned back and forth.
Stress Intensity values
Ductile-to-Brittle Transition
Luminescence examples
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
9. Dimples on fracture surface correspond to microcavities that initiate crack formation.
Ductile Fracture
Brittle Materials
Opacity
Impact - Toughness
10. Metals are good conductors since their _______is only partially filled.
Valence band
Force Decomposition
Internal magnetic moments
Brittle Materials
11. Increase temperature - increase in interatomic separation - thermal expansion
Film Deposition
Coherent
Lithography
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
12. Cp: Heat capacity at constant pressure Cv: Heat capacity at constant volume.
How an LCD works
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Brittle Fracture
Yield and Reliability
13. With Increasing temperature - the saturation magnetization diminishes gradually and then abruptly drops to zero at Curie Temperature - Tc.
Yield and Reliability
4 Types of Magnetism
Work Hardening
Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior
14. - A magnetic field is induced in the material B= Magnetic Induction (tesla) inside the material mu= permeability of a solid
M is known as what?
True Strain
Ductile Fracture
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
15. Allows flow of electrons in one direction only (useful to convert alternating current to direct current) - Result: no net current flow
Impact energy
Electrical Conduction
Why materials fail in service
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
16. Impurities added to the semiconductor that contribute to excess electrons or holes. Doping = intentional impurities.
Rockwell
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Extrinsic Semiconductors
Iron-Silicon Alloy in Transformer Cores
17. Reflectiviy is between 0.90 and 0.95 - Metal surfaces appear shiny - Most of absorbed light is reflected at the same wavelength (NO REFRACTION) - Small fraction of light may be absorbed - Color of reflected light depends on wavelength distribution of
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Metallization
High impact energy
Reflection of Light for Metals
18. heat flux = -(thermal conductivity)(temperature gradient) - Defines heat transfer by CONDUCTION
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19. Is analogous to toughness.
Diamagnetic Materials
Intergranular Fracture
4 Types of Magnetism
Impact energy
20. Occur due to: restrained thermal expansion/contraction -temperature gradients that lead to differential dimensional changes sigma = Thermal Stress
M is known as what?
Refraction
Impact - Toughness
Thermal Stresses
21. 1. Stress-strain behavior is not usually determined via tensile tests 2. Material fails before it yields 3. Bend/flexure tests are often used instead.
Brittle Ceramics
Hysteresis and Permanent Magnetization
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Transgranular Fracture
22. # of thermally generated electrons = # of holes (broken bonds)
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Intrinsic Semiconductors
IC Devices: P-N Rectifying Junction
Fourier's Law
23. 1. Electron motions 2. The spins on electrons - Net atomic magnetic moment: sum of moments from all electrons.
Metals: Resistivity vs. T - Impurities
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Reflectance of Non-Metals
Two ways to measure heat capacity
24. Heat capacity.....- increases with temperature -for solids it reaches a limiting value of 3R
The three modes of crack surface displacement
Dependence of Heat Capacity on Temperature
Why materials fail in service
What do magnetic moments arise from?
25. Occur when lots of dislocations move.
Insulators
Slip Bands
True Strain
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
26. 1. Metals: Thermal energy puts many electrons into a higher energy state. 2. Energy States: Nearby energy states are accessible by thermal fluctuations.
Conduction & Electron Transport
Insulators
Engineering Fracture Performance
Charpy or Izod test
27. - The emission of light from a substance due to the absorption of energy. (Could be radiation - mechanical - or chemical energy. Could also be energetic particles.) - Traps and activator levels are produced by impurity additions to the material - Whe
Elastic Deformation
Ductile Materials
Luminescence examples
Luminescence
28. The ability of a material to transport heat - Atomic Perspective: Atomic vibrations and free electrons in hotter regions transport energy to cooler regions - Metals have the largest values
Hardness
Paramagnetic Materials
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Thermal Conductivity
29. The ability of a material to absorb heat - Quantitatively: The energy required to produce a unit rise in temperature for one mole of a material.
Heat Capacity
Bending tests
Fatigue
Engineering Fracture Performance
30. The ability of a material to be rapidly cooled and not fracture
Thermal Shock Resistance
Plastic Deformation (Metals)
Force Decomposition
Hardness
31. Energy is stored as atomic vibrations - As temperature increases - the average energy of atomic vibrations increases.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Stages of Failure: Ductile Fracture
Fourier's Law
Film Deposition
32. These are liquid crystal polymers- not your normal "crystal" -Rigid - rod shaped molecules are aligned even in liquid form.
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33. 1. Hard disk drives (granular/perpendicular media) 2. Recording tape (particulate media)
Thermal expansion
Ductile Materials
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Force Decomposition
34. Ability to transmit a clear image - The image is clear.
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Oxidation
Electrical Conduction
Transparent
35. High toughness; material resists crack propagation.
How to gage the extent of plastic deformation
What do magnetic moments arise from?
Brittle Fracture
High impact energy
36. Elastic means reversible! This is not a permanent deformation.
Lithography
Work Hardening
Elastic Deformation
Heat Capacity
37. A three terminal device that acts like a simple "on-off" switch. (the basis of Integrated Circuits (IC) technology - used in computers - cell phones - automotive control - etc) - If voltage (potential) applied to the "gate" - current flows between th
Etching
There is no perfect material?
The Transistor
Work Hardening
38. 1. Data for Pure Silicon - electrical conductivity increases with T - opposite to metals
Meissner Effect
Pure Semiconductors: Conductivity vs. T
LASER
Yield and Reliability
39. Measures Hardness - No major sample damage - Each scales runs to 130 but only useful in range 20-100 - Minor load is 10 kg - Major load: 60 kg (diamond) - 100 kg (1/16 in. ball) - 150 kg (diamond)
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
Rockwell
Relative Permeability
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material
40. Occurs at a single pore or other solid by refraction n = 1 for pore (air) n > 1 for the solid - n ~ 1.5 for glass - Scattering effect is maximized by pore/particle size within 400-700 nm range - Reason for Opacity in ceramics - glasses and polymers.
High impact energy
Magnetic Storage Media Types
Scattering
Transgranular Fracture
41. Second phase particles with n > glass.
Thermal Expansion: Asymmetric curve
Work Hardening
Etching
Opacifiers
42. Width of smallest feature obtainable on Si surface
Meissner Effect
Insulators
Shear and Tensile Stress
Linewidth
43. 1. Impose a compressive surface stress (to suppress surface cracks from growing) - Method 1: shot peening - Method 2: carburizing 2.Remove stress concentrators.
M is known as what?
Two ways to measure heat capacity
Shear and Tensile Stress
To improve fatigue life
44. These materials are relatively unaffected by magnetic fields.
Diamagnetic Materials
To improve fatigue life
Ductile Materials
Paramagnetic Materials
45. -> fluorescent light - electron transitions occur randomly - light waves are out of phase with each other.
Why fracture surfaces have faceted texture
Hardness
Incoherent
Lithography
46. Not ALL the light is refracted - SOME is reflected. Materials with a high index of refraction also have high reflectance - High R is bad for lens applications - since this leads to undesirable light losses or interference.
Reflectance of Non-Metals
True Strain
Lithography
To improve fatigue life
47. To build a device - various thin metal or insulating films are grown on top of each other - Evaporation - MBE - Sputtering - CVD (ALD)
Internal magnetic moments
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
Film Deposition
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
48. 1. Diamagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-5) - small and negative magnetic susceptibilities 2. Paramagnetic (Xm ~ 10^-4) - small and positive magnetic susceptibilities 3. Ferromagnetic - large magnetic susceptibilities 4. Ferrimagnetic (Xm as large as 10^6) - large m
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD's)
4 Types of Magnetism
Two kinds of Reflection
Modulus of Rupture (MOR)
49. The size of the material changes with a change in temperature - polymers have the largest values
Intergranular Fracture
Heat Capacity from an Atomic Prospective
Translucent
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
50. Process by which geometric patterns are transferred from a mask (reticle) to a surface of a chip to form the device.
Opaque
Relative Permeability
Lithography
Generation of a Magnetic Field - Within a Solid Material