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Test your basic knowledge |
First Aid: Reproductive
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
health-sciences
,
first-aid
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. What does gynecomastia result from?
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Hyperestrogenism
Kallman
Post menopausal bleeding
2. malignant - increased hCG - disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements - hematogenous spread
Embryonal carcinoma
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Choriocarcinoma
3. Complication of retained placental tissue
Menometrorrhagia
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Hemorrhage
Ectocervix
4. Overexpression of which receptors is common iwht malignant breast tumors
Estradiol
Inhibition LH and FSH
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Fibrocystic disease
5. How does endometriosis cause infertility
Ovary
51 yo
Preductal coarctication
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
6. dx with increased testosterone and increased LH
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Ovary
Complete
Defective androgen receptor
7. What is the typical cell change in HPV infection
Blacks
Testicular lymphoma
One of the centrioles
Koilocytitic
8. cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Hydatidiform mole
Placenta acreta
Primary hypogonadism
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
9. small follicles filled with eosinphilic secretions
Call exner bodies
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
increased risk for carcinoma
10. What happens to a leiomyoma in pregs and menopause and why
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Prematurity
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
11. Which teratoma - mature or immature - is aggresively malignant
Endometriosis
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Immature
SANS - hypogastric nerve
12. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Osteoblastic in bone
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Preeclampsia + siezures
13. What increase in estriol is an indicator offetal well being in pregnancy
1000 times
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Polyhydramnios
Mittelschmerz syndrome
14. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Feedback inhibition
15. < 21 day cycle
Inhibition LH and FSH
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Polymenorrhea
16. <0.5 L of amniotic fluid
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Oligohydramnios
69 xxy
Partial
17. What becomes the main source of hCG
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Male pseudoHerm
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
18. What forms the blood testis barrier?
Proliferation
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Decreasing progesterone
SANS - hypogastric nerve
19. histologic subtype of fibrocystic with increased acini and intralobular fibrosis
Broad ligament
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Male pseudoHerm
Sclerosing adenosis
20. Some drugs cause awesome knockers
Paget cell
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Squamous cell carcinoma
21. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
No
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Medullary
5 alpha reductase def
22. What is HELLP syndrome
S aureus
Vagina
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
23. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Choriocarcinoma
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
increased Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
24. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Mitochondria
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
25. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Female pseudoHerm
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Invasive ductal
Testis determining factor
26. vaginal carcinoma affecting girls < 4 spindle shaped tumors cells that are desmin positive
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Decreasing progesterone
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
increased estrogen - increased total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
27. ovaries plus virilized external genitalia due to excessive and inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroids during early gestation
increased Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Female pseudoHerm
20 to 40
Fibroadenoma
28. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Dysgerminoma
Defective androgen receptor
29. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Testosterone
Chocolate cyst
Seminoma
Vagina
30. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
4
Peyronie's dz
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Bicornute uterus
31. Where is testosterone secreted into?
Inhibit FSH
The semiT and the blood vessels
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Testis determining factor
32. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios
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33. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
BPH
2 months
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
34. tumor is fleshy - cellular - with a lymphocytic infiltrate - good prognosis
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Metaphase
Medullary
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
35. What do leydig cells secrete?
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Testosterone
Calcifications
36. When are phyllodes tumors most common
In the 6th decade of life
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
51 yo
37. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Testosterone
Choriocarcinoma
E coli
38. What causes preeclampsia
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
PSA
39. What is the presentation of prostatitis
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Male pseudoHerm
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
40. What is hydatidiform mole and precurosor of...
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Myometrial invasion
Choriocarcinoma
41. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Sclerosing adenosis
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Serous cystadenoma
42. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Prematurity
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Maintenance
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
43. Where does fertilization most commonly occur?
increased AFP and hCG
Down regulation
Mimics LH
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
44. disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex
Phyllodes tumor
Pseudohermaphroditism
Adenomyosis
Para - aortic lymph nodes
45. 90% of ovarian germ cells tumors - contains cells from 2 or 3 germ layers
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Corpus luteum cyst
Teratoma
Placenta acreta
46. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Golgi
Adenomyosis
Choriocarcinoma
47. What is the risk for carcinoma among patients with intraductal papilloma
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
48. Does a leiomyoma progress to leiosarcoma
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Round ligament of uterus
No
Invasive ductal
49. pain with or without bleeding - increased in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
6
Ectopic preg
Oligomenorrhea
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
50. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
Fibrosis
Endometrial carcinoma
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2