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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Testis determining factor
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Fat necrosis
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia

2. What are the treatments for BPH
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
S aureus
Invasive lobular
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

3. Multiple papular lesions on the penis - affects younger age group - usually does not become invasive
The centrioles
Hyperestrogenism
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Estrogen overstimulation

4. What are the 3 androgens
Aortic bicuspid valve
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Myometrial tumors
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL

5. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Tubular carcinoma
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Testosterone

6. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Fructose
Uterus
95%
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

7. when do primary oocytes begin meiosis I
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
During fetal life

8. malignant - painful - often glandular/papillary morphology testicular germ cell tumor that can differentiate into other tumors
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
Follicular cyst
Embryonal carcinoma
Inhibition LH and FSH

9. What converts testosterone to DHT
Meigs syndrome
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen

10. What stimulation after labor induces lactation
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
2nd week of proliferative phase
Decreasing progesterone
Comedocarcinoma

11. Large cells in epidermis with clear halo
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Blacks
The centrioles
Paget cell

12. reinke crystals - androgen producing - gynecomastia in men - precocious puberty in boys - golden brown color
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Klinefelter's - XXY
Leydig cell tumor
46 xx

13. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Primary hypogonadism
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Koilocytitic

14. what usually causes endometrial hyperplasia
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Estrogen overstimulation
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS

15. defect in androgen receptor resulting in normal appearing female - rudimentry vagina - no uterus or uterine tubes
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Endometrial carcinoma
Low progesterone

16. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Upregulation
Paget's disease
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions

17. What structures does testosterone negatively feedback on?
Cardinal ligament
Decreasing progesterone
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility

18. What does progesterone do to myometrial excitability
Inhibit FSH
2nd week of proliferative phase
Abacterial
Decrease

19. Is fertility compromised in double Y males?
Call exner bodies
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
No
Choriocarcinoma

20. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
Phyllodes tumor
Round ligament of the uterus
Mitochondria
Fibrocystic disease

21. What cellular structure is the acrosome derived from?
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Golgi
Dysgerminoma
Decrease

22. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Preeclampsia + siezures
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Invasive ductal
Myometrial tumors

23. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Increase (and LH)
1000 times
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease

24. Connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Cervix
Low progesterone
Fat necrosis
Cardinal ligament

25. What are the treatments for PCOS
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Inhibit FSH
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Decreasing progesterone

26. Breast path - diseases of the stroma
Immature
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Feedback inhibition
Sclerosing adenosis

27. How is prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
51 yo
Fat necrosis
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy

28. How does endometriosis cause infertility
Uterus
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Cardinal ligament
95%

29. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Fibroadenoma
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Granulosa cell tumor
Placenta previa

30. What does LH do
Upregulation
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Right gonadal vein - IVC

31. premature detachment of placenta from implantation site leading to fetal death
Prior c section - multiparity
Estrogen overstimulation
Abruptio placentae
Mucinous cystadenoma

32. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)

33. In what phase is meiosis I arrested
Placenta previa
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Prophase

34. What is associated with sclerosing adenosis?
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
DCIS
Calcifications
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

35. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

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36. tumor with orderly row of cells - often multiple and bilateral
Corpus luteum cyst
The semiT and the blood vessels
Invasive lobular
Post menopausal bleeding

37. how can struma ovarri present?
Myometrial tumors
Adenomyosis
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue

38. What does increasing estrogen do to GnRH receptors on ant pit - and What does this lead to...
Hemorrhage
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Adrenal gland

39. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Spermatocele
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione

40. What do leydig cells secrete?
Testosterone
Choriocarcinoma
Menometrorrhagia
51 yo

41. histo: simple columnar epithelium - ciliated
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Fallopian tube

42. What is the karyotype of a complete mole
46 xx
Increased FSH
Myometrial tumors
2nd week of proliferative phase

43. Breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Acute mastitis
Klinefelter's - XXY
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

44. Breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Abruptio placentae
DIC

45. What does the SRY gene do
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
95%
Testis determining factor
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

46. Atypical cells in epithelial hyperplasia
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Choriocarcinoma
increased risk for carcinoma

47. What are the associated risk factors for malignant breast tumors
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Puberty
increased AFP and hCG
increased estrogen - increased total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity

48. increased fluid secondary to incomplete fustion with processus vaginalis
Hydrocele
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Testosterone
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer

49. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen

50. Large bulky breast mass of connective tissue and cysts with leaf like projections
Acute mastitis
Prior c section - multiparity
Phyllodes tumor
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant