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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What does gynecomastia result from?
Maintenance
Hyperestrogenism
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Preductal coarctication

2. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Fibroadenoma
Serous cystadenoma
Down regulation
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

3. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Pseudohermaphroditism
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Inhibition of HCG access
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer

4. when do primary oocytes begin meiosis I
Testicular lymphoma
increased AFP and hCG
During fetal life
Pseudohermaphroditism

5. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
69 xxy
Testis determining factor
Prematurity
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors

6. Connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Peyronie's dz
Cardinal ligament
Immature
In the 6th decade of life

7. What are the most common cause of anovluation

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8. What is the lymphatic drainage of the proximal 2/3 of the vagina/uterus
Calcifications
The semiT and the blood vessels
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse

9. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
Male pseudoHerm
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Hyperestrogenism

10. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Fibromas
Golgi
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation

11. vaginal carcinoma affecting girls < 4 spindle shaped tumors cells that are desmin positive
Round ligament of the uterus
Abruptio placentae
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells

12. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
S aureus
Follicular cyst

13. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Inhibition LH and FSH
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Menopause
Adolescents

14. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
Just prior to ovulation
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Proliferation
SANS - hypogastric nerve

15. Red velvety plaques - usually involving the glans - similar to Bowen's
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Myometrial tumors
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis

16. What becomes the main source of hCG
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Uterus
Endometrial carcinoma
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision

17. >1.5 -2 L of amniotic fluid
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Polyhydramnios
increased AFP and hCG
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids

18. Where is testosterone secreted into?
The semiT and the blood vessels
BPH
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Ligament of the ovary

19. dx with decreased testosterone - increased LH
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Primary hypogonadism
increased risk for carcinoma
2 months

20. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
1 week - 2 weeks
Inhibit FSH
increased Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride

21. Breast path - diseases of the major duct
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
50 times
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14

22. decreased synthesis of gonadotropin in the ant pit - anosmia - lack of secondary sex characteristics
Squamo - columnar jxn
Testosterone
Kallman
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function

23. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Relaxation
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis

24. What are the most common tumors in all females?
Kallman
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Myometrial tumors
Ectopic preg

25. What does LH do
Comedocarcinoma
Testosterone
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Choriocarcinoma

26. When is follicular growth the fastest?
Kallman
Cervix
2nd week of proliferative phase
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids

27. What is the most common form of male pseudoHerm
51 yo
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly

28. What are the 3 androgens
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy

29. dilated epididymal duct
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Spermatocele
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

30. Short stature - ovarian dysgenesis - shield chest - no barr body - webbing of the neck

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31. triad of ovarian fibroma - ascites - hydrothorax
Meigs syndrome
Preeclampsia
Cardinal ligament
Dysgerminoma

32. decreased estrogen - increased FSH - LH - signs of menopause after puberty but before 40
Testosterone
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Osteoblastic in bone

33. What is the number 1 risk factor for cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Testosterone
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
increased Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile

34. dilated vein in pampiniform plexus - bag of worms
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Varicocele
Choriocarcinoma
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

35. What is the order of events in the menstrual cycle
Abruptio placentae
Complete
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Prematurity

36. Which hydatidiform mole has the greater risk for malignancy
DIC
Invasive ductal
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Complete

37. histologic subtype of fibrocystic with increased acini and intralobular fibrosis
Sclerosing adenosis
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Abruptio placentae

38. What are the treatments for PCOS
Pseudohermaphroditism
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Calcifications
Low progesterone

39. small breast tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts - typically beneath the areola with serous or bloody nipple discharge
Intraductal papilloma
Follicular cyst
increased Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
2 months

40. What is a true hermaphrodite
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

41. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
46 xx
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin

42. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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43. What does progesterone do to gonadotropins
Inhibition LH and FSH
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Squamous cell carcinoma
Phyllodes tumor

44. When does spermatogenesis begin?
Puberty
Preeclampsia + siezures
Calcifications
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa

45. Where does fertilization most commonly occur?
Endometrial carcinoma
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Sclerosing adenosis
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation

46. What is the karyotype of a complete mole
Abacterial
Increased FSH
Fibrosis
46 xx

47. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
In the 6th decade of life
Placenta previa
Aortic bicuspid valve
Relaxation

48. Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Increase
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria

49. What does the SRY gene do
S aureus
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Testis determining factor

50. 90% of ovarian germ cells tumors - contains cells from 2 or 3 germ layers
Myometrial invasion
Primary hypogonadism
Teratoma
Inhibit cGMP breakdown