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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
Estrogen overstimulation
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Estradiol and possible growth promoting effects of DHT
Menometrorrhagia

2. What does progesterone do in the endometrium
Axillary node involvement
Serous cystadenoma
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)

3. dilated epididymal duct
Spermatocele
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Preeclampsia + siezures

4. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Invasive ductal
Preeclampsia clinical
Axillary node involvement
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids

5. Histological subtype of fibrocystic with increased number of epithelial cell lauers in terminal duct lobule - women over 30
Paget's disease
Epithelial hyperplasia
Ectopic preg
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

6. What is the best test to confirm menopause
Abruptio placentae
Complete
Post menopausal bleeding
Increased FSH

7. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Fibrocystic disease
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Turner's XO
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate

8. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

9. Ecsematous patches on nipple and/or vulva - suggests underlying carcinoma

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10. Prevention of seizures and in preeclampsia
55-65
increased AFP and hCG
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

11. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Ovary
Peripheral adipose tissue
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Phyllodes tumor

12. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor

13. defective decidual later allows placenta to attach to myometrium - massive bleeding after delivery
Placenta acreta
Peripheral adipose tissue
Ectopic preg
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause

14. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Abruptio placentae
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation

15. What is a true hermaphrodite
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Invasive lobular
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

16. Where is SCC of the penis more common and What is it associated with
The centrioles
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision

17. histologic type of fibrocystic with hyperplasia of breast stroma
Fibrosis
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Meigs syndrome

18. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - increased LH leading to anovulation
Leydig cell tumor
PCOS
One of the centrioles
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids

19. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
5 alpha reductase def
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Embryonal carcinoma

20. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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21. What is the most common form of male pseudoHerm
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Feedback inhibition
Cystic

22. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Testosterone
Invasive lobular
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

23. eclampsia
Preeclampsia + siezures
Adenomyosis
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Testosterone

24. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Myometrial tumors
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Prior c section - multiparity

25. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
Hydrocele
Proliferation
DIC

26. distention of unruptured graafian follicle
Delivery of fetus
Cardinal ligament
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Follicular cyst

27. When does the secondary oocyte complete meosis II

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28. defect in androgen receptor resulting in normal appearing female - rudimentry vagina - no uterus or uterine tubes
Squamo - columnar jxn
Increased FSH
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
2nd week of proliferative phase

29. Breast path - diseases of the major duct
Osteoblastic in bone
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer

30. small breast tumor that grows in lactiferous ducts - typically beneath the areola with serous or bloody nipple discharge
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Mimics LH
Preductal coarctication
Intraductal papilloma

31. Breast path - diseases of the terminal duct
PSA
Puberty
Tubular carcinoma
Axillary node involvement

32. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
Mitochondria
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Granulosa cell tumor
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly

33. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Teratoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Down regulation
Sclerosing adenosis

34. What complications are associated with oligohydramnios

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35. Breast path - diseases of the lactiferous sinus
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Placenta previa
Paget's disease
Round ligament of uterus

36. What is the presentation of prostatitis
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Bicornute uterus
Calcifications

37. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
46 xx
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids

38. What structures does testosterone negatively feedback on?
Preductal coarctication
Metrorrhagia
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
PANS - pelvic nerve

39. predisposing factor to clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
Partial
Testosterone
Polyhydramnios
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)

40. How is prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Choriocarcinoma
51 yo

41. Breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Adolescents
55-65
Acute mastitis
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos

42. Connects ovary to lateral uterus
During fetal life
Metaphase
Ligament of the ovary
Menometrorrhagia

43. vaginal carcinoma affecting girls < 4 spindle shaped tumors cells that are desmin positive
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Fat necrosis
Abacterial
Teratoma

44. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
4
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

45. Large cells in epidermis with clear halo
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Paget cell
Maintenance
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

46. Connects uterus - fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall - contains ovaries - fallapian tubes - and round ligaments of uterus
Broad ligament
Estrogen overstimulation
Fibromas
During fetal life

47. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Comedocarcinoma
Testosterone
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia

48. hyperplasia - not hypertrophy of the prostate gland
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Ectocervix
BPH

49. is fibroadenoma a precursor to breast cancer
No
50 times
Spermatocele
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs

50. List the estrogens in order of decreasing potency
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Defective androgen receptor
Squamous cell carcinoma
Choriocarcinoma