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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the genetic material in the ovum
Trophoblasts
Post menopausal
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids

2. How is prostatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed
Bicornute uterus
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Leydig cell tumor
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

3. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Cervix
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
Preeclampsia clinical

4. What are the treatments for PCOS
4
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Decreasing progesterone
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

5. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Axillary node involvement
Chromosomal abnormalities

6. What is the pattern seen in leiomyoma
Ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Krukenburg tumor
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles

7. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Placenta acreta
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

8. What becomes the main source of hCG
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Testosterone
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
17beta estradiol

9. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 1st trimester
Chromosomal abnormalities
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
During fetal life

10. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
Low progesterone
Post menopausal
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
increased in total - and dec in free fraction

11. What do leydig cells secrete?
Cystic
Testosterone
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Embryonal carcinoma

12. distention of unruptured graafian follicle
Follicular cyst
Inhibit FSH
Spermatocele
PANS - pelvic nerve

13. dx with decreased testosterone and decreased LH
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Hydrocele
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Cystic

14. Wher does dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix usually begin
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Down regulation
Squamo - columnar jxn
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain

15. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Polymenorrhea
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Androgen insensitivity syndrome

16. small - mobile - firm breast mass with sharp edges - most common in <25
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Fibroadenoma
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC

17. Short stature - ovarian dysgenesis - shield chest - no barr body - webbing of the neck

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18. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Male pseudoHerm
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Uterus

19. Breast path - diseases of the stroma
Puberty
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Leydig cell tumor
Down regulation

20. tumor is fleshy - cellular - with a lymphocytic infiltrate - good prognosis
Inflammatory
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
PSA
Medullary

21. Does a leiomyoma progress to leiosarcoma
Insulin resistance
51 yo
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
No

22. In chronic prostatitis is bacterial or abacterial more common
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Abacterial
The semiT and the blood vessels

23. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Polyhydramnios
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant

24. What converts testosterone to DHT
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
6

25. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Krukenburg tumor
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Mimics LH

26. What is the treatment for preeclampsia
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Delivery of fetus
Increased FSH

27. pain with or without bleeding - increased in hCG - sudden lower abdominal pain - mistaken for appendicitis
DCIS
Primary hypogonadism
Ectopic preg
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

28. How does endometriosis cause infertility
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Adenomyosis
Myometrial tumors

29. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
During fetal life
Fructose
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Aortic bicuspid valve

30. What is the lymphatic drainage the ovaries/testis
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Turner's XO
Para - aortic lymph nodes
Increase

31. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Good - late metastasis
Endometrial carcinoma
Testosterone

32. defect in androgen receptor resulting in normal appearing female - rudimentry vagina - no uterus or uterine tubes
69 xxy
Inhibition of HCG access
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
PANS - pelvic nerve

33. Which nerve and nerve fibers control for ejaculation
PANS - pelvic nerve
Estradiol
46 xx
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal

34. Bent penis due to acquired fibrous tissue formation

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35. What serum markers are associated with embyronal carcinoma
Cardinal ligament
Golgi
increased AFP and hCG
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation

36. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
increased estrogen - increased total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
5 alpha reductase def
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
PCOS

37. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Ovary
Testosterone
Adrenal gland

38. triad of ovarian fibroma - ascites - hydrothorax
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Meigs syndrome
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Fibrocystic disease

39. What does estrogen do to FSH and LH
Feedback inhibition
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial

40. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Upregulation
DCIS
51 yo
Trophoblasts

41. What pathologic states cause increases in hCG
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
HPV 16 - 18
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function

42. What is HELLP syndrome
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Trophoblasts
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Hydrocele

43. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
2nd week of proliferative phase
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate

44. 2 sperm + empty egg
Testicular lymphoma
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Complete
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids

45. When are phyllodes tumors most common
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
In the 6th decade of life

46. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - increased freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Delivery of fetus
Choriocarcinoma
Fallopian tube

47. dilated vein in pampiniform plexus - bag of worms
Prophase
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Meigs syndrome
Varicocele

48. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Intraductal papilloma
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Acute mastitis
Medullary

49. What is the clinical manifestation of PCOS
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Placenta acreta
Endometrial carcinoma

50. Where does fertilization most commonly occur?
Epithelial hyperplasia
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation