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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
1 week - 2 weeks
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
PSA

2. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Delivery of fetus
Upregulation
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
46 xx

3. What estrogen does the placenta secrete
Estradiol
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Pseudohermaphroditism
1000 times

4. What becomes the main source of hCG
Abacterial
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids

5. small follicles filled with eosinphilic secretions
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Call exner bodies
Prematurity
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS

6. What does progesterone do to myometrial excitability
Turner's XO
Decrease
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase

7. What are the most common tumors in all females?
Myometrial tumors
Ligament of the ovary
Inhibition LH and FSH
Inhibit FSH

8. Which androgen is responsible for differentiation of epididymis - vas deferens - seminal vesicles - internal genitalia (except prostate)
Testosterone
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
Klinefelter's - XXY
Cardinal ligament

9. When is follicular growth the fastest?
Phyllodes tumor
2nd week of proliferative phase
Ectocervix
Adenomyosis

10. tumor is ductal with caseous necrosis
Complete
Comedocarcinoma
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
PSA

11. What is a concern of early menopause
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Prematurity
Choriocarcinoma
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

12. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Metaphase
Uterus
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens

13. What is the most common form of male pseudoHerm
Trophoblasts
increased Ca in - smooth muscle contraction - vasocxn - antierectile
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
No

14. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - increased LH leading to anovulation
Medullary
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Sprinolactone - digitalis - cimetidine - alchohol - ketoconazole
PCOS

15. Where is SCC of the penis more common and What is it associated with
Fat necrosis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
CIN 1 - 2 - 3

16. What is the clinical manifestation of PCOS
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Delivery of fetus
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism

17. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
Immature
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
Mimics LH
Testosterone

18. How does endometrial hyperplasia manifest clinically
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Follicular cyst
Post menopausal bleeding

19. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride
Partial
Inhibition LH and FSH

20. What is the typical cell change in HPV infection
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Koilocytitic
1 week - 2 weeks
Follicular cyst

21. What is hydatidiform mole and precurosor of...
Tubular carcinoma
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Choriocarcinoma

22. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Embryonal carcinoma
46 xx

23. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - increased freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Choriocarcinoma
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection

24. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Uterus
Stimulate glandular secretions - and spiral artery development
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity

25. What is the venous drainage of the left ovary/testis?
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC
Feedback inhibition
Dysgerminoma
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

26. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Hydrocele
Dysgerminoma

27. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Hemorrhage
Menometrorrhagia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

28. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Adolescents
Broad ligament

29. Which teratoma - mature or immature - is aggresively malignant
Immature
Low progesterone
Prior c section - multiparity
Dysgerminoma

30. Connects ovary to lateral uterus
6
Ligament of the ovary
Hydatidiform mole
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause

31. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Seminoma
Sertoli cell tumor
Endometrial carcinoma

32. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Krukenburg tumor
Turner's XO
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)

33. what metabolic disorder is assocaited with PCOS
Post menopausal
Oligohydramnios
Hydrocele
Insulin resistance

34. What do leydig cells secrete?
Abacterial
Serous cystadenoma
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Testosterone

35. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Bicornute uterus
Menometrorrhagia
Sertoli cell tumor

36. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
20 to 40
Hyperestrogenism
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis

37. In What age group are ovarian germ cell tumors most common
Endocervix
Testosterone
Call exner bodies
Adolescents

38. How does exogenous testosterone create azoospermia
Placenta previa
Inhibition of HCG access
One of the centrioles
Preeclampsia clinical

39. In what group are malignant breast tumors most commonly seen
Theca - leutin cysts
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Serous cystadenoma
Post menopausal

40. Which hydatidiform mole has the greater risk for malignancy
Meigs syndrome
Paget's disease
Complete
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC

41. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Adenomyosis
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

42. Histological subtype of fibrocystic with increased number of epithelial cell lauers in terminal duct lobule - women over 30
Epithelial hyperplasia
Inhibition of HCG access
Post menopausal
Posterior lobe peripheral zone

43. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Axillary node involvement
Menopause
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Peripheral adipose tissue

44. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Seminoma
Testicular lymphoma
Prior c section - multiparity
Choriocarcinoma

45. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Choriocarcinoma

46. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Peripheral adipose tissue
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Preeclampsia clinical

47. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Tubular carcinoma
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Epithelial hyperplasia
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur

48. reinke crystals - androgen producing - gynecomastia in men - precocious puberty in boys - golden brown color
Placenta previa
55-65
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Leydig cell tumor

49. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
95%
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
4
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

50. dx with increased testosterone and dec LH
Smooth muscle
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Placenta acreta