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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What becomes the main source of hCG
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Embryonal carcinoma
Malignant in males not in females

2. What are the useful tumor parkers in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Prostatic acid phosphatase and PSA
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Para - aortic lymph nodes
IV mag sulfate - diazepam

3. What does progesterone do to estrogen receptors
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Down regulation
6
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

4. <0.5 L of amniotic fluid
Comedocarcinoma
Oligohydramnios
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Squamo - columnar jxn

5. Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
Granulosa cell tumor
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
One of the centrioles
Suspensory ligament of ovaries

6. Which system and nerve are responsible for emission
Post menopausal bleeding
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

7. When does the secondary oocyte complete meosis II

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8. small follicles filled with eosinphilic secretions
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Decreasing progesterone
Call exner bodies

9. A leimyoma is overgrowth of what cell
Bicornute uterus
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Smooth muscle
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

10. What effect does NO have on smooth muscle in erectile tissues
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Endometriosis
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal

11. What is the main source of energy for spermatozoa
Fructose
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Placenta acreta
Tubular carcinoma

12. large - hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblasts cells - increased freq theca leutin cysts - develops during pregnancy in mom or baby - marked by hCG
Menometrorrhagia
Prior c section - multiparity
Ligament of the ovary
Choriocarcinoma

13. What are the four functions of estrogen
Trophoblasts
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Vagina

14. Which phase varies and in length and Which is usually 14 days (menstrual cycle)
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Menopause
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
Metrorrhagia

15. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial carcinoma
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Teratoma
Sertoli cells

16. Breast path - diseases of the major duct
Mature teratoma
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Hemorrhage
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis

17. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Prior c section - multiparity
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids

18. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Fat necrosis
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Fibrocystic disease

19. which cysts results from gonadotropin stimulation and is associated with choriocarcinoma and moles
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Theca - leutin cysts
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL

20. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Left
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Phyllodes tumor
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity

21. In what group are malignant breast tumors most commonly seen
PCOS
Post menopausal
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Prematurity

22. Connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
In the 6th decade of life
Cardinal ligament
Call exner bodies

23. Between What two phases does the sperm acquire the acrosome - flagellum - and middle piece
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Testosterone
Adenomyosis

24. what usually causes endometrial hyperplasia
Estrogen overstimulation
69 xxy
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur

25. What occurs to a fibroadenoma during pregnancy and menstruation and why
Varicocele
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Post menopausal bleeding
Intraductal papilloma

26. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Testicular lymphoma
Mitochondria
Sertoli cell tumor

27. Red velvety plaques - usually involving the glans - similar to Bowen's
Upregulation
Call exner bodies
Erythroplasia of Queyrat - carcinoma in situ of penis
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione

28. < 21 day cycle
Polymenorrhea
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Preeclampsia
Broad ligament

29. What can happen with no sertoli cell or lack of anti mullerian hormone
Polyhydramnios
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Choriocarcinoma

30. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
S aureus
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

31. What causes preeclampsia
increased AFP and hCG
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Sclerosing adenosis

32. Which androgens are responsible for the growth spurt of the penis - seminal vesicles - sperm - muscle - RBCs
Testosterone
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Post menopausal bleeding
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain

33. Which androgen is responsible for the deepening of the voice
Invasive ductal
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Testosterone
Placenta acreta

34. What is the common presentation of metastasis in prostate cancer
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Upregulation

35. 50% of ovarian tumors - malignant and frequently bilateral
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia

36. What are the treatments for PCOS
Fibroadenoma
In the 6th decade of life
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Axillary node involvement

37. Which system and nerve allow for erection in the male?
PANS - pelvic nerve
Just prior to ovulation
Hydatidiform mole
Delivery of fetus

38. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Preductal coarctication
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy

39. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios

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40. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
1 week - 2 weeks

41. 2 sperm + 1 egg
Partial
Ectopic preg
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

42. What is the karyotype of a complete mole
Seminoma
Varicocele
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
46 xx

43. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Preeclampsia
Dysgerminoma

44. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Male pseudoHerm

45. Arrange the androgens in order of most potent to least potent
Mimics LH
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
The semiT and the blood vessels
Tubular carcinoma

46. Connects uterus - fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall - contains ovaries - fallapian tubes - and round ligaments of uterus
Sclerosing adenosis
2 months
Round ligament of the uterus
Broad ligament

47. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - increased LH leading to anovulation
Testosterone
Testis determining factor
PCOS
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly

48. Where does LH work - what enzyme works there and what product is secreted
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Theca - leutin cysts
Decrease
Corpus luteum cyst

49. What does estrogen to do prolaction
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
HPV 16 - 18
Prematurity
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast

50. Testosterone and estrogen in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Prematurity
Complete
Increase (and LH)