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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How many functional sperm does 1 germ cell creat?
Menometrorrhagia
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
4
Malignant in males not in females

2. Complication of retained placental tissue
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Hemorrhage
Preeclampsia clinical
Maintenance

3. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
The centrioles
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Production of a thick cervical mucus

4. heavy - irregular menstruation at irregular intervals
Menometrorrhagia
Prematurity
69 xxy
Polymenorrhea

5. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Menometrorrhagia
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids

6. What forms the blood testis barrier?
Defective androgen receptor
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL

7. attachment of palceta to lower uterine segment that may occlude internal os - painless bleeding in any trimester
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Polyhydramnios
Placenta previa
increased in total - and dec in free fraction

8. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Feedback inhibition
Embryonal carcinoma

9. What increases the risk of cryptorchidism
Feedback inhibition
Prematurity
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
increased AFP and hCG

10. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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11. What is the treatment for hydatidiform mole
PCOS
Menometrorrhagia
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate

12. Endometriosis is characterized By what clinical picture?
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Adenomyosis
Feedback inhibition

13. Breast path - diseases of the major duct
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Ovary
DCIS

14. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Corpus luteum cyst
69 xxy
Cervix
Polymenorrhea

15. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
50 times
Cystic
Round ligament of uterus

16. histo: stratified sqamous epithelium
Inhibit FSH
Testosterone
increased estrogen - increased total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Ectocervix

17. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Estradiol
Seminoma
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY

18. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Preeclampsia clinical
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
In the 6th decade of life

19. What is the most common pathogen in acute mastitis
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Trophoblasts
S aureus
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis

20. What is associated with sclerosing adenosis?
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Calcifications
Chromosomal abnormalities

21. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Placenta acreta
Androgen insensitivity syndrome

22. Complications of BPH
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant
Serous cystadenoma
Post menopausal bleeding
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

23. What does inhibin do?
Endocervix
PCOS
Inhibit FSH
Just prior to ovulation

24. 2 sperm + empty egg
The semiT and the blood vessels
Immature
Complete
Relaxation

25. When is follicular growth the fastest?
55-65
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
2nd week of proliferative phase
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS

26. inability to convert testosterone to DHT - limited to genetic males - penis at 12
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
5 alpha reductase def
Prior c section - multiparity
Brenner tumor

27. What is the risk for carcinoma among patients with intraductal papilloma
Slight increase - 1.5 to 2
Serous cystadenoma
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

28. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
51 yo
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Adenomyosis
Smoking - HTN - cocaine

29. What is DHT responsible for in late development
Inhibition of HCG access
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Testosterone
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

30. What is the genetic material in the primary oocyte?
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Fibroadenoma - phyllodes tumor
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

31. Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma - peu d orange
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Inflammatory
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Estradiol

32. What becomes the main source of hCG
Vagina
2nd week of proliferative phase
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

33. How does exogenous testosterone create azoospermia
Testicular lymphoma
Inhibition of HCG access
Proliferation
Testosterone

34. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Mucinous cystadenoma
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

35. What estrogen does the ovary secrete
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
17beta estradiol
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal
CIN 1 - 2 - 3

36. What are the pathologic features of leiosarcoma
Female pseudoHerm
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Increased FSH

37. What is the presentation of fibrocystic dz
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Adolescents
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis

38. what stimulation is required to maintain milk production and What is the pathway
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Turner's XO
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
Comedocarcinoma

39. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Proliferation
Sclerosing adenosis
1 week - 2 weeks

40. Prevention of seizures and in preeclampsia
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
Testicular lymphoma
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?

41. What does HHAVOC stand for in menopause
Preeclampsia + siezures
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Prostate growth - balding - and sebaceous gland activity
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

42. What serum markers are associated with embyronal carcinoma
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Mucinous cystadenoma
increased AFP and hCG
Production of a thick cervical mucus

43. Where is testosterone converted to estrogen
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Klinefelter's - XXY
20 to 40

44. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Ectopic preg
Feedback inhibition
Prior c section - multiparity
Chromosomal abnormalities

45. What hormones regulate sperm creation?
Invasive ductal
17beta estradiol
50 times
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary

46. When does endometiral carcinoma usually occur
Phyllodes tumor
Ectocervix
Sclerosing adenosis
55-65

47. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
2nd week of proliferative phase
Smoking - HTN - cocaine
Primary hypogonadism
1 week - 2 weeks

48. What is the flaggelum derived from
One of the centrioles
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
Immature
Paget's disease

49. Histological subtype of fibrocystic with increased number of epithelial cell lauers in terminal duct lobule - women over 30
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors
Serous cystadenoma
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Epithelial hyperplasia

50. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
Mucinous cystadenoma
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Defective androgen receptor
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome