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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. HTN - proteinuria and edema
Preeclampsia
Menometrorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Upregulation

2. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Comedocarcinoma
Estrogen overstimulation
Granulosa cell tumor

3. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Inhibition LH and FSH
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
S aureus

4. reinke crystals - androgen producing - gynecomastia in men - precocious puberty in boys - golden brown color
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Malignant in males not in females
Leydig cell tumor
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis

5. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
The semiT and the blood vessels
SANS - hypogastric nerve
95%
increased in total - and dec in free fraction

6. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
Fallopian tube
50 times
E coli
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes

7. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Peripheral conversion of androgens
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage

8. What structures does testosterone negatively feedback on?
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Seminoma
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Defective androgen receptor

9. What is the flaggelum derived from
One of the centrioles
Call exner bodies
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY

10. distention of unruptured graafian follicle
Ectopic preg
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Follicular cyst
Fibrocystic disease

11. What is the genetic material in the ovum
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Testicular lymphoma
Preeclampsia clinical
Epithelial hyperplasia

12. What is the most frequent benign ovarian tumor
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Mature teratoma
Mucinous cystadenoma
Blacks

13. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in 1st trimester
Polyhydramnios
Prophase
In the 6th decade of life
Chromosomal abnormalities

14. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and secrete inhibin
Sertoli cells
Dysgerminoma
Fibromas
Phyllodes tumor

15. What does the tail go onto to form
Yolk sac - endodermal sinus - tumor
The centrioles
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14

16. in males - are mature teratomas malignant? What is the case for females
Myometrial tumors
Malignant in males not in females
Blacks
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands

17. when do primary oocytes begin meiosis I
Acute mastitis
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
During fetal life
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure

18. What are the treatments for PCOS
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Just prior to ovulation
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
E coli

19. What is the right venous drainage of the ovary/testis
Ovary
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Placenta previa

20. defect in androgen receptor resulting in normal appearing female - rudimentry vagina - no uterus or uterine tubes
Chocolate cyst
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Testosterone

21. What is a complication of cryptorchidism and why does it occur
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
55-65
Lack of spermatogenesis due to increased temp of testis inside body and associated risk of germ cell tumors
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

22. 90% of ovarian germ cells tumors - contains cells from 2 or 3 germ layers
E coli
Teratoma
Fat necrosis
Androgen insensitivity syndrome

23. When does endometiral carcinoma usually occur
Fallopian tube
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
55-65
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos

24. histologic type of fibrocystic with fluid filled - blue dome and ductal dilation
The anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Upregulation
No
Cystic

25. What is the best test to confirm menopause
IV mag sulfate - diazepam
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
DCIS
Increased FSH

26. Breast path - diseases of the terminal duct
Tubular carcinoma
Cardinal ligament
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism

27. histo: simple columnar epithelium
Corpus luteum cyst
Endocervix
Vagina
Testicular lymphoma

28. Where does prostatic adenocarcinoma arise from?
Serous cystadenoma
Posterior lobe peripheral zone
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Low progesterone

29. What are the most common cause of anovluation

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30. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
Osteoblastic in bone
Metaphase
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
During fetal life

31. malignant - painful - often glandular/papillary morphology testicular germ cell tumor that can differentiate into other tumors
Left
Turner's XO
Cardinal ligament
Embryonal carcinoma

32. attachment of palceta to lower uterine segment that may occlude internal os - painless bleeding in any trimester
Primary hypogonadism
Left
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Placenta previa

33. what structures supplies the energy to the middle piece (neck)
HPV 16 - 18
Choriocarcinoma
PSA
Mitochondria

34. What is the lymphatic drainage of the proximal 2/3 of the vagina/uterus
Defective androgen receptor
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
Hydrocele
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

35. How does BPH present
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione
Pseudohermaphroditism

36. What is the typical cell change in HPV infection
Koilocytitic
Fat necrosis
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure

37. What are the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia
Chromosomal abnormalities
2nd week of proliferative phase
Anovulatory cycles - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS - granulosa cell tumor
Distention and hypertrophy of bladder - hydronephrosis - UTIs - not premalignant

38. What bacteria is commone in acute prostatitis
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
Testosterone
Peripheral adipose tissue
E coli

39. When are phyllodes tumors most common
DIC
Acute mastitis
Turner's XO
In the 6th decade of life

40. What hematologic condition is associated with abruptio placentae
The centrioles
Epithelial hyperplasia
DIC
Preeclampsia

41. What is the karyotype of a complete mole
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
Seminoma
46 xx
Adolescents

42. What cellular structure is the acrosome derived from?
Mimics LH
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Koilocytitic
Golgi

43. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Cervix
PSA
Axillary node involvement
Pseudohermaphroditism

44. Multiple papular lesions on the penis - affects younger age group - usually does not become invasive
Call exner bodies
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis
Relaxation
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis

45. What changes in the aorta are common in Turner's?
Preductal coarctication
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Tunica vaginalis lesions

46. histologic subtype of fibrocystic with increased acini and intralobular fibrosis
4
Sclerosing adenosis
Post menopausal bleeding
Myometrial invasion

47. What is the genetic material in the secondary oocyte?
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Male pseudoHerm
No
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation

48. marked increased hCG - complete or partial
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Complete
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

49. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Peripheral adipose tissue
Oligomenorrhea
increased risk for carcinoma
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)

50. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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