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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. How is beta hCG detectable in blood or urine for a home pregnancy test
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
1 week - 2 weeks
Puberty

2. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Invasive ductal
Increase
Tubular carcinoma
Inhibition of HCG access

3. Where is the enlargement found in BPH
Fibrocystic disease
Periurethral lobes - lateral and middle
Malignant in males not in females
Serous cystadenoma

4. What do leydig cells secrete?
Testosterone
Tubular carcinoma
Invasive lobular
Fibromas

5. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Increased FSH
Krukenburg tumor
Chromosomal abnormalities
Syncytiotrophoblasts of placenta

6. histologic type of fibrocystic with fluid filled - blue dome and ductal dilation
Cystic
Fibroadenoma
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

7. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
Uterus

8. How does progesterone inhibit sperm entry to uterus
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Testosterone
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Decreasing progesterone

9. increased fluid secondary to incomplete fustion with processus vaginalis
Hydrocele
Abacterial
Intraductal papilloma
Complete

10. distention of unruptured graafian follicle
20 to 40
Cervix
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Follicular cyst

11. 2 sperm + 1 egg
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
Partial
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa

12. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Chromosomal abnormalities
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Koilocytitic

13. What percentage of testicular tumors are germ cell
Corpus luteum cyst
Aortic bicuspid valve
95%
Increased FSH

14. What is the lymphatic drainage of the proximal 2/3 of the vagina/uterus
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Prophase
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes

15. Which hydatidiform mole has the greater risk for malignancy
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
During fetal life
Complete
Bowen's dz - carcinoma in situ of the penis

16. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

17. in males - are mature teratomas malignant? What is the case for females
Abacterial
Osteoblastic in bone
Malignant in males not in females
Preeclampsia

18. What substances other than inhibin do sertoli cells produce?
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone
Uterus
Upregulation
Placenta previa

19. reinke crystals - androgen producing - gynecomastia in men - precocious puberty in boys - golden brown color
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Paget cell
Leydig cell tumor

20. < 21 day cycle
Right gonadal vein - IVC
Testosterone
Squamo - columnar jxn
Polymenorrhea

21. Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
Enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries - amenorrhea - infertility - obesity - and hirsutism
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Trophoblasts
Suspensory ligament of ovaries

22. How does BPH present
DIC
Mucinous cystadenoma
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
No

23. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Trophoblasts
Metrorrhagia
Kallman
6

24. What does FSH do
Sertoli cells
Meigs syndrome
Preeclampsia
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin

25. What are the treatments for PCOS
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
Invasive ductal
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

26. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Dysgerminoma
Hyperthyroidism - contains functional thyroid tissue
Ovary
Relaxation

27. malignant - painless homogenous testicular enlargement - most common testicular tumor - affecting males ages 15 to 3 - large cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and a 'fried egg' appearnace
Peripheral conversion of androgens
Seminoma
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis

28. What is the presentation of prostatitis
Dysuria - frequency - urgency - low back pain
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Testis determining factor
Fallopian tube

29. What increases the risk of cryptorchidism
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Sertoli cells - and adipose tissue via aromatase
Proliferation
Prematurity

30. What is the pattern seen in leiomyoma
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Blacks
Smooth muscle
Chocolate cyst

31. Which androgen is responsible for differentiation of epididymis - vas deferens - seminal vesicles - internal genitalia (except prostate)
Testosterone
Klinefelter's - XXY
Invasive ductal
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids

32. What is the number 1 risk factor for cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in situ
Adenomyosis
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Fibroadenoma
Invasive ductal

33. Which cells line the seminiferous tubules and secrete inhibin
Complete
Immature
Sertoli cells
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

34. What are the treatments for BPH
No
PSA
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride
DIC

35. decreased estrogen production due to age linked decline in the number of ovarian follices
Hyperestrogenism
Proliferation
Menopause
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision

36. common cause of recurrent miscarriage in the 1st week
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Low progesterone

37. What are predisposing factors for placenta previa
Oligohydramnios
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Prior c section - multiparity
In the 6th decade of life

38. What is indicative of a poor prognosis for endometrial carcinoma
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Myometrial invasion
Post menopausal bleeding

39. What sequelae are associated with leiomyoma
Fibromas
Hydatidiform mole
Fructose
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage

40. What causes preeclampsia
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
PCOS
Seminoma

41. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer
Sertoli cell tumor
Puberty

42. When is the peak occurrence of leiomyoma
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
20 to 40
69 xxy
Testosterone

43. What changes are seen with total PSA and fraction of free PSA
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Complete
increased in total - and dec in free fraction
Lobular carcinoma - sclerosing adenosis

44. Benign - looks like bladder
Polyhydramnios
Brenner tumor
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Inhibition of HCG access

45. What is the prognosis for seminoma
Chromosomal abnormalities
Good - late metastasis
Just prior to ovulation
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery

46. decreased estrogen - increased FSH - LH - signs of menopause after puberty but before 40
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Insulin resistance
Round ligament of uterus
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)

47. What are the 3 androgens
Testosterone - DHT - androstenedione
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Good - late metastasis
SANS - hypogastric nerve

48. Does a leiomyoma progress to leiosarcoma
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis
PANS - pelvic nerve
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
No

49. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
Cervix
Round ligament of the uterus
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage
Polyhydramnios

50. Breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Production of a thick cervical mucus
Acute mastitis
Hyperestrogenism