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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. In what phase is meiosis II arrested
1000 times
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Metaphase
Post menopausal bleeding

2. What are common causes of hyperestrogenism

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3. What is the order of events in the menstrual cycle
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation
Theca cell - desmolase - androstenedione
Mittelschmerz syndrome
Complete

4. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
69 xxy
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer

5. histologic type of fibrocystic with fluid filled - blue dome and ductal dilation
Cystic
Post menopausal bleeding
Fibroadenoma
PANS - pelvic nerve

6. What is the prognosis for seminoma
Epithelial hyperplasia
Good - late metastasis
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Prematurity

7. What causes preeclampsia
Prior c section - inflammation - placenta previa
Abruptio placentae
SANS - hypogastric nerve
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone

8. heavy - irregular menstruation at irregular intervals
Hirsutism - hot flashes - atrophy of the vagina - osteoporosis - coronary artery disease
Menometrorrhagia
Complete
Increase

9. How does BPH present
Polyhydramnios
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Myometrial tumors
Choriocarcinoma

10. What are causes of female pseudoHerm
Retrograde mentrual flow or ascending infection
Golgi
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Complete

11. testicular atrophy - eunochoid body shape - tall - long extremities - gynecomastia - inactivated X chromosome - dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules - decreased inhibin - abnormal leydig cell function

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12. frequent bu irregular cycles
Estradiol > estrone > estriol
Menometrorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Tubular carcinoma

13. dx with increased testosterone and dec LH
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Good - late metastasis
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids

14. What does progesterone do for pregnancy
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
Fibrosis
Maintenance
Mucinous cystadenoma

15. hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synthesis by theca cells - increased LH leading to anovulation
PCOS
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Upregulation - LH surge - ovulation
Puberty

16. What is the most common gynecologic malignancy
Klinefelter's - XXY
Ovary
Endometrial carcinoma
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia

17. 2 sperm + 1 egg
Hydatidiform mole
Both ovary and testicular tissue present - ambiguous genitals - rare 46 XX - 47XXY
Partial
increased AFP and hCG

18. Where does FSH work - what enzyme works there - what substrate comes in and what leaves
Testosterone
Obdurator - exterinal iliac - hypogastic nodes
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?

19. defective decidual later allows placenta to attach to myometrium - massive bleeding after delivery
Polymenorrhea
Endometrial carcinoma
Placenta acreta
Klinefelter's - XXY

20. malignancy in ovaries - testis - sacrococcygeal area of young children - yellow friable solid masses with 50% having schiller - duval bodies
Peripheral adipose tissue
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Androgen insensitivity syndrome - 46 XY
Tight junctions between sertoli cells

21. What are the four functions of estrogen
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Testosterone
2nd week of proliferative phase
Decreasing progesterone

22. Large cells in epidermis with clear halo
Paget cell
Vagina
Complete
Low back pain with increased serum alk phos

23. histo: simple cuboidal epithelium
Ovary
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Klinefelter's - XXY
Comedocarcinoma

24. What sequelae are associated with leiomyoma
increased estrogen - increased total nunmber of cycles - older age at 1st live birth - obesity
Testosterone
17beta estradiol
Severe bleeding iron def anemia - miscarriage

25. equivalent to seminoma in the ovary and forms a sheet of uniform cells - marked by hCG and LDH
Fibrosis
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile
Dysgerminoma

26. Which androgens are responsible for the growth spurt of the penis - seminal vesicles - sperm - muscle - RBCs
Round ligament of uterus
Golgi
Inhibit cGMP breakdown
Testosterone

27. What estrogen does the placenta secrete
PCOS - obesity - Asherman's - HPO axis defect - Pof - hyperprolactinemia - thryoid - eating disorders - cushging's - adrenal insuff
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Estradiol
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery

28. disagreement between the phenotypic and gonadal sex
Decreasing progesterone
Pseudohermaphroditism
Polyhydramnios
Post menopausal

29. Which ligament is the derivative of the gubernaculum and travels through the inguinal canal
Polymenorrhea
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Choriocarcinoma
Round ligament of the uterus

30. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Phyllodes tumor

31. Which cells secrete beta hCG
Adrenal gland
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Trophoblasts

32. Breast abscess - during breast feeding with increased risk of bacterial infxn through cracks in the nipple
Acute mastitis
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
CIN 1 - 2 - 3
Post menopausal

33. Endometriosis is characterized By what clinical picture?
Cyclic bleeding - chocolate cysts - severe menstrual related pain - infertility
Fructose
Cardinal ligament
Broad ligament

34. hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum
Squamous cell carcinoma
Corpus luteum cyst
Hemorrhage
4

35. gynecological tumors from highest incidence to lowest
Preeclampsia clinical
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Delivery of fetus

36. What complications are associated with polyhydramnios

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37. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Upregulation
Medullary
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Mimics LH

38. What is the typical cell change in HPV infection
Ectopic preg
Koilocytitic
Preeclampsia
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14

39. What is the single most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors
Induces and maintains lactation - decreases reproductive function
Axillary node involvement
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision

40. histo: simple columnar epithelium - ciliated
Male pseudoHerm
Fallopian tube
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Estrogen - LH surge - ovulation - progesterone from CL - menstruation

41. What does estrogen to do prolaction
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
Menopause
Hemolysis - elevated liver enzymes - low platelets
Intraductal papilloma

42. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Peripheral adipose tissue
Follicular cyst
95%
Calcifications

43. What is a potential complication of endometrial hyperplasia
Testosterone
Endometrial carcinoma
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Testosterone

44. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Paget's disease
Lateral invasion can block ureters causing renal failure
5 alpha reductase def
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

45. What does LH do
95%
Stimulates testosterone release from leydig cells
Necrosis - hemorrhage - can protrude from the cervix and bleed - tendency to recur
Female pseudoHerm

46. What converts testosterone to DHT
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary
HPV 16 - 18
Peripheral conversion of androgens
5 alpha reductase - inhibited by finesteride

47. What is the best test to confirm menopause
Increased FSH
2nd week of proliferative phase
DES in utero (DES is a sythetic estrogen)
Alpha1 antagonists - terazosin - tamsulosin - finasteride

48. Breast path - diseases of the major duct
95%
Female pseudoHerm
Abruptio placentae
Fibrcystic change - ductal cancer

49. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
Granulosa cell tumor
Intraductal papilloma
Serous cystadenoma
increased AFP and hCG

50. What increases the risk of cryptorchidism
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
Prematurity
Spermatogonia (germ cells)
Bowenoid papulosis - carcinoma in situ of the penis