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First Aid: Reproductive

Subjects : health-sciences, first-aid

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. can present as precocious puberty in kids - can cause endometrial hyperplasia/carinoma in adults - abnormal uterine bleeding
5 alpha reductase def
Down regulation
Hyperestrogenism
Granulosa cell tumor

2. frequent bu irregular cycles
Theca - leutin cysts
Fibrocystic disease
Follicular phase varies - luteal phase is 14
Metrorrhagia

3. Connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall - contains ovarian vessels
Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament of ovaries
Calcifications
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation

4. What is the expected increase of estradiol and estrone in pregnancy
Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles
Polymenorrhea
50 times
Hyperestrogenism

5. Where does fertilization most commonly occur?
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
1 week - 2 weeks
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Andogren binding protein - anti mullerian hormone

6. headache - blurred vision - abdominal pain - edema of face and extremeties - altered mentation - hyperreflexia in pregnancy
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Preeclampsia clinical
increased freq of urination - nocturia - difficulty starting/stopping urination - dysuria

7. Risk factors for ectopic pregs
Mimics LH
Polyhydramnios
History of infertility - salpingitis - ruptured appendix - prior tubal surgery
In the 6th decade of life

8. What is the karyotype of a partial mole
increased size and tenderness with increased estrogen
Turner's XO
Esophogeal/duodenal atresia - can't swallow - anencephaly
69 xxy

9. testicular masses that can be transilluminated
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Adrenal gland
Yolk sace - endodermal sinus - tumor
5 alpha reductase def

10. What metastasis is most common with prostatic adenocarcinoma
Serous cystadenoma
Osteoblastic in bone
PANS - pelvic nerve
Choriocarcinoma

11. What are the treatments for PCOS
Weight loss - OCP - gonadotropin analogs - clomiphene - sprinolactone - surgery
Fat necrosis
Prementsrual breast pain and multiple lesions
DHT - testosterone - androstenedione

12. Which androgen is responsible for the deepening of the voice
Increase (and LH)
Cystic
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
Testosterone

13. What are risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Good - late metastasis
Unopposed estrogen - obesity - diabetes - HTN - nulliparity - late menopause
Prior c section - multiparity
Smoking - HTN - cocaine

14. What causes preeclampsia
Hypogondadotropic hypogonadism
Placental ischemia due to impaired vasodltn of spiral arteries resulting in increased vasc tone
Osteoblastic in bone
2 months

15. non neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outsdie the uterus
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Endometriosis
Tight junctions between sertoli cells
Testosterone secreting tumor - exogenous steroids

16. what metabolic disorder is assocaited with PCOS
Insulin resistance
Develop both male and female internal genitalia and male external genitalia
Granulosa cell tumor
Increase

17. How long does it take for sperm to fully develop
2 months
Testosterone
Vagina
Chocolate cyst

18. What common valvular abnormality is common in Turner's
Milk letdown - uterine contractions?
Aortic bicuspid valve
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - exogenous administration of steroids
Good - late metastasis

19. Connects cervix to side wall of pelvis - contains uterine vessels
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin
Brenner tumor
Endometrial > ovarian> cervical (in US)
Cardinal ligament

20. What do sildenafil and vardenafil do?
Cirrhosis - testicular tumor - puberty - old age - klinefelter's syndrome - drugs
Prematurity
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Inhibit cGMP breakdown

21. androblastoma from sex cord stroma
Metrorrhagia
Male pseudoHerm
Sertoli cell tumor
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome

22. What do leydig cells secrete?
Stimulation of secretion - but blocks its action at the breast
DIC
Testosterone
increased cGMP - smooth muscle relax - vasodltn - proerectile

23. What does SEVEN Up stand for in regards to the pathway of sperm
Final stage of spermatogenesis - spermiogenesis - spermatid to spermatozoa
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - nothing - urethra - penis
Inhibit FSH
Epithelial hyperplasia

24. What is DHT responsible for in early development?
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Differentiation of penis - scrotum and prostate
Menopause
Leydig cell tumor

25. Where is SCC of the penis more common and What is it associated with
Delivery of fetus
Asia - Africa - S. America - HPV - lack of circumcision
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Spermatogonia (germ cells)

26. What does estrogen do to estrogen - LH and progesterone recepotrs
Upregulation
Tunica vaginalis lesions
Testicular lymphoma
Ectopic preg

27. What are the most common cause of anovluation

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28. 20% of ovarian tumors - benign - lined with fallopian tube like epithelium
Serous cystadenoma
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Estradiol

29. Overexpression of which receptors is common iwht malignant breast tumors
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Prematurity
Estrogen/progesterone receptors - erb - B2 - HER2 an EGF receptrs
Increase in size in pregs - decrease in size meno - estrogen sens

30. tumor with firm fibrous - 'rock hard' mass with sharp margins and small glandular duct like cells - worst prognosis and most common
Invasive ductal
Mitochondria
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
PCOS

31. tumor that fills ductal lumen - arises from ductal hyperplasia - early malignancy without BM penetration
DCIS
Sarcoma botryoides - a rhabdomyosarcoma variant
Stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibin
Corpus luteum cyst

32. Why does the skin resemble an orange peel in inflammatory type of maligantn breast tumor
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage
Granulosa cell tumor
Suckling - increased oxytocin - prolactin

33. What are the 4 sources of progesterone
Kallman
Corpus luteum - placenta - adrenal cortex - testes
Just prior to ovulation
Abacterial

34. From What tissues to malignant breast tumors arise?
Multiple sexual partners - also HIV and early sexual intercourse
Mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands
Estrogen overstimulation
Fibrocystic disease

35. How does endometrial hyperplasia manifest clinically
Paget's disease - breast abscess
Teratoma
Post menopausal bleeding
Neoplastic cells block lymphatic drainage

36. What does progesterone do for pregnancy
Maintenance
Intraductal papilloma - breast abscess - mastitis
Medullary
Theca - leutin cysts

37. histo: simple columnar epithelium - pseudostratified tubular glands
2 months
Diploid - 4N - 46 sister chromatids
Uterus
Granulosa cell - aromatase - androstenedione - estrogen

38. When does endometiral carcinoma usually occur
Feedback inhibition
Placental insufficiency - bilateral renal agenesis - posterior urethral valves - potter's syndrome
55-65
Testosterone

39. Which gynecologic tumors have the worst prognosis?
Ovarian > cervical > endometrial
One of the centrioles
Testosterone
Sclerosing adenosis

40. in postmenopausal women Where is androstenedione converted to estrone
Testis determining factor
Inhibition LH and FSH
Peripheral adipose tissue
Testosterone

41. GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovaries causing a mucin secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma
Estradiol
Menometrorrhagia
Krukenburg tumor

42. In what group are malignant breast tumors most commonly seen
DRE - hard nodule and biopsy
Post menopausal
Osteoblastic in bone
GnRH from hypoTh - LH and FSH from ant pituitary

43. gray - soliarty - crusty plaque - usually on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum - peak incidence in 5th decade of life - can progress to invasive SCC in < 10% of cases

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44. what usually causes endometrial hyperplasia
Premature ovarian failure (Pof)
Estrogen overstimulation
Immature
Hydatidiform moles - choriocarcinoma - gestational trophoblastic tumors

45. What does the histo show for prostate cancer
Peyronie's dz
Haploid - N - 23 single chromatids
Bicornute uterus
Small infiltrating glands with prominent nucleoli

46. What are the four functions of estrogen
No
Development of genitalia and breast - growth of follicle - hormonal interactions with HPG accesss - and increased transport proteins like SHBG increased HDL and dec LDL
Dilation and curettage and methotrexate
Insulin resistance

47. What is mortality due to in preeclampsia
Cerebral hemorrhage and ARDS
Haploid - 2N - 23 sister chromatids
Theca - leutin cysts
Visceral - somatic nerves in pudendal

48. What does estrogen stimulate in the endometrium
The ampulla - occurs within 1 day of ovulation
Fertilization 'an egg met a sperm'
Proliferation
Left gonadal vein - left renal vein - IVC

49. decreased estrogen production due to age linked decline in the number of ovarian follices
Menopause
Comedocarcinoma
Testosterone
Vagina

50. What is the lymphatic drainage of the distal 1/3 of the vagina/scrotum/vulva
Oligomenorrhea
4
Partial
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes