SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
FRM: Foundations Of Risk Management
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
business-skills
,
certifications
,
frm
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Probability that a random variable falls below a specified threshold level
Shortfall risk
Where is risk coming from
Models used in ERM framework
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
2. Firms became multinational - - >watched xchange rates more - deregulation and globalization
Financial risks
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
Effect of heterogeneous expectations on CAPM
RAR = relative return of portfolio (RRp)
3. IR = (E(Rp) - E(Rb))/(std dev(Rp- Rb)) - Evaluate manager of a benchmark fund
Four major types of risk
VaR - Value at Risk
Information ratio
Derivative contract
4. Difference between forward price and spot price - Should approach zero as the contract approaches maturity
Valuation vs. Risk management
Basis
Morningstar Rating System
VaR- based analysis (formula)
5. Interest rate movements - derivatives - defaults
Volatility Market risk
Treynor measure
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Financial Risk
6. Rp = XaRa + XbRb
Business risks
Expected return of two assets
Forms of Market risk
Parametric VaR
7. Capital Asset Pricing Model Ri = Rf + beta*(Rm - Rf)
Nonparametric VaR
CAPM (formula)
Market risk
Models used in ERM framework
8. Ri = Rz + (Rm - Rz)*beta - Rz = return on zero- beta portfolio
Zero- beta CAPM (two factor model)
Roles of risk management
Correlation coefficient effect on diversification
Liquidity risk
9. Obtained unsecured borrowing of 300 million by exploiting flaw in computing US government bond collateral - Had only 20 million in capital - Chase absorbed losses since they brokered deal - Called for better process control and more precise methods f
Correlation coefficient effect on diversification
Drysdale Securities (Chase Manhattan)
CAPM assumption for EMH
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
10. Efficient frontier with inclusion of risk free rate - Straight line with formula Rc = Rf + ((Ra - Rf)/std dev(a))*std dev(c) - c is the total portfolio - a is the risky asset
Derivative contract
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
Capital market line (CML)
Barings
11. Xmvp = ((variance of b) - covariance)/((variance of a) + (variance of b) - 2 * covariance)
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
Information ratio
(market beta)(Rm - Rf) + (sensitivity to inflation risk)(price of inflation risk)
Financial risks
12. Excess return divided by portfolio beta Tp = (E(Rp) - Rf)/portfolio beta - Better for well diversified portfolios
Sovereign risk
Exposure
RAR = relative return of portfolio (RRp)
Treynor measure
13. Risks that are assumed willingly - to gain a competitive edge or add shareholder value
Carry- backs and carry- forwards
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
Business risks
Tax shield
14. Prices of risk are common factors and do not change - Sensitivities can change
Practical considerations related to ERM implementatio
Prices of risk vs sensitivity
Jensen's alpha
Standard deviation of two assets
15. Market risk - Liquidity risk - Credit risk - Operational risk
CAPM (formula)
Treynor measure
Four major types of risk
Risks excluded from operational risk
16. Concentrate on mid- region of probability distribution - Relevant to owners and proxies
Performance- related metrics
Tracking error
Volatility Market risk
Multi- period version of CAPM
17. Risk- adjusted rating (RAR) - Difference between relative returns and relative risk
Credit event
Risk
Morningstar Rating System
Traits of ERM
18. Unanticipated movements in relative prices of assets in a hedged position - All hedges imply some basis risk
Risk
Sortino ratio
Basic Market risk
Basis risk
19. Relationship drawn from CML - RAP = [(market std dev)/(portfolio std dev)]*(Portfolio return - risk free rate) + risk free rate - annualized
BTR - Below Target Risk
Risk- adjusted performance measure (RAP)
Sortino ratio
CAPM assumption for EMH
20. Sqrt((Xa^2)(variance of a) + (1- Xa)^2(variance of b) + 2(Xa)(1- Xa)(covariance))
Standard deviation of two assets
Barings
Forms of Market risk
Business risks
21. (E(Rp) - MAR)/(sqrt((1/T)summation(Rpt- MAR)^2) - MAR - minimum acceptable return
Ri = Rz + (gamma)(beta)
Sortino ratio
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
Risk Management Irrelevance Proposition
22. Strategic risk - Business risk - Reputational risk
Kidder Peabody
Risks excluded from operational risk
Shape of portfolio possibilities curve
RAR = relative return of portfolio (RRp)
23. Credit risk that occurs when there is a change in the counterparty's ability to perform its obligations
Credit event
Carry- backs and carry- forwards
Risk Management Irrelevance Proposition
Multi- period version of CAPM
24. CAPM requires the strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis = private information
Financial risks
Derivative contract
Operational risk
CAPM assumption for EMH
25. Law of one price - Homogeneous expectations - Security returns process
APT (equation and assumptions)
Credit event
Sortino ratio
Debt overhang
26. When firm has so much debt that it leads to making investment decisions that benefit shareholdser but affect total firm value adversely
Debt overhang
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
Risk
Funding liquidity risk
27. Changes in vol - implied or actual
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
Volatility Market risk
Performance- related metrics
28. Misleading reporting (incorrect market info) - Due to large market moves - Due to conduct of customer business
Business risks
Standard deviation of two assets
Morningstar Rating System
Three main reasons for financial disasters
29. 1971: Fixed Exchange rate system broke down and was replaced by more volatile floating rate - 1973: Oil price shocks - - >high inflation - - >interest rate swings - 1987: Black Monday - OCt 19 - mkt fell 23% - 1989: Japanese stock price bubble -
Source of need for risk management
Parametric VaR
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
Tracking error
30. Both probability and cost of tail events are considered
Tail VaR or TCE - Tail Conditional Expectation(TCE)
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Information ratio
Four major types of risk
31. Return is linearly related to growth rate in consumption
Ways risk can be mismeasured
LTCM
Banker's Trust
Multi- period version of CAPM
32. Percentile of the distribution corresponding to the point which capital is exhausted - Typically - a minimum acceptable probability of ruin is specified - and economic capital is derived from it
Traits of ERM
Probability of ruin
Effect of non- price- taking behavior on CAPM
Tracking error
33. RM cannot increase firm value when it costs the same to bear a risk w/in the firm or outside the firm - For RM to increase firm value it must be more expensive to bear risks internally than to pay capital markets to bear them.
Funding liquidity risk
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Risk Management Irrelevance Proposition
Risk
34. Occurs the day when two parties exchange payments same day
Shortfall risk
Derivative contract
Settlement risk
BTR - Below Target Risk
35. Concave function that extends from minimum variance portfolio to maximum return portfolio
Efficient frontier
VaR - Value at Risk
Forms of Market risk
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
36. Hazard - Financial - Operational - Strategic
Risk types addressed by ERM
Solvency-related metrics
Valuation vs. Risk management
Debt overhang
37. Sold complex derivatives to Proctor & Gamble and Gibson - Were sued due to claims that they deceived buyers - Need for better controls for matching complexity of trade with client sophistication - Need for price quotes independent of front office Met
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
38. Potential amount that can be lost
Models used in ERM framework
Carry- backs and carry- forwards
Exposure
Credit event
39. Returns on any stock are linearly related to a set of indexes
Business risks
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
APT for passive portfolio management
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
40. Equilibrium can still be expressed in returns - covariance - and variance - but they become complex weighted averages
(market beta)(Rm - Rf) + (sensitivity to inflation risk)(price of inflation risk)
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
Effect of heterogeneous expectations on CAPM
41. Inability to make payment obligations (ex. Margin calls)
Treynor measure
Debt overhang
Funding liquidity risk
Differences in financial risk management for financial companies vs industrial companies
42. ex. Human capital - Equilibrium return can be higher or lower than it is under standard CAPM
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
Allied Irish Bank
Formula for covariance
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
43. The need to hedge against risks - for firms need to speculate.
APT (equation and assumptions)
Effect of heterogeneous expectations on CAPM
What lead to the exponential growth to derivatives mkt?
Risk
44. E(Ri) = Rf + beta[(E(Rm)- Rf)- (tax factor)(dividend yield for market - Rf)] + (tax factor)(dividend yield for stock - Rf)
Shortcomings of risk metrics
Sovereign risk
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Valuation vs. Risk management
45. Long in options = expecting volatility increase - Short in options = expecting volatility decrease
Options motivation on volatility
Valuation vs. Risk management
Roles of risk management
Nonparametric VaR
46. Leeson took large speculative position in Nikkei 225 disguised as safe transactions by fake customers - Earthquake increased volatility and destroyed short put options - Losses of 1.25 billion and forced bankruptcy - Necessity of an independent tradi
Derivative contract
Performance- related metrics
EPD or ECOR - Expected Policyholder Deficit (EPD)
Barings
47. Asset-liability/market-liquidity risk
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
Formula for covariance
Three main reasons for financial disasters
Liquidity risk
48. Firm may ignore known risk - Somebody in firm may know about risk - but it's not captured by models - Realization of a truly unknown risk
Ways firms can fail to account for risks
VaR - Value at Risk
Recovery rate
Business risks
49. The uses of debt to fall into a lower tax rate
What lead to the exponential growth to derivatives mkt?
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Expected return of two assets
Tax shield
50. Probability distribution is unknown (ex. A terrorist attack)
Efficient frontier
Options motivation on volatility
Uncertainty
Ways risk can be mismeasured