SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
FRM: Foundations Of Risk Management
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
business-skills
,
certifications
,
frm
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Quantile of an empirical distribution
Four major types of risk
Capital market line (CML)
Valuation vs. Risk management
Nonparametric VaR
2. Firms became multinational - - >watched xchange rates more - deregulation and globalization
Sharpe measure
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
Drysdale Securities (Chase Manhattan)
Expected return of two assets
3. CAPM requires the strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis = private information
Capital market line (CML)
CAPM assumption for EMH
Ways firms can fail to account for risks
Tracking error
4. Capital structure (financial distress) - Taxes - Agency and information asymmetries
What lead to the exponential growth to derivatives mkt?
Market imperfections that can create value
Correlation coefficient effect on diversification
Basis
5. Managing risks is a core activity at financial companies - Industrial companies hedge financial risks
CAPM (formula)
Performance- related metrics
Differences in financial risk management for financial companies vs industrial companies
What lead to the exponential growth to derivatives mkt?
6. Market risk - Liquidity risk - Credit risk - Operational risk
Exposure
Security (primary vs secondary)
Four major types of risk
Allied Irish Bank
7. Need to assess risk and tell management so they can determine which risks to take on
Prices of risk vs sensitivity
Credit event
Basic Market risk
Importance of communication for risk managers
8. The lower (closer to - 1) - the higher the payoff from diversification
Tax shield
Shortfall risk
(market beta)(Rm - Rf) + (sensitivity to inflation risk)(price of inflation risk)
Correlation coefficient effect on diversification
9. Too much debt - Causes shareholders to seek projects that create short term capital but long term losses
Debt overhang
What lead to the exponential growth to derivatives mkt?
Risk types addressed by ERM
Shape of portfolio possibilities curve
10. Credit risk that occurs when there is a change in the counterparty's ability to perform its obligations
Allied Irish Bank
Forms of Market risk
Credit event
Recovery rate
11. Valuation focuses on mean of distribution vs risk mgmt focuses on potential variation in payoffs - needs more precision for pricing - VAR doesn't b/c noise cancels out
Financial risks
Valuation vs. Risk management
Asset transformers
Sharpe measure
12. Probability that a random variable falls below a specified threshold level
LTCM
Source of need for risk management
Shortfall risk
Risks excluded from operational risk
13. Both probability and cost of tail events are considered
Debt overhang
Sovereign risk
Tail VaR or TCE - Tail Conditional Expectation(TCE)
Capital market line (CML)
14. Ri = Rz + (Rm - Rz)*beta - Rz = return on zero- beta portfolio
Models used in ERM framework
Formula for covariance
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
Zero- beta CAPM (two factor model)
15. Efficient frontier with inclusion of risk free rate - Straight line with formula Rc = Rf + ((Ra - Rf)/std dev(a))*std dev(c) - c is the total portfolio - a is the risky asset
Information ratio
Debt overhang
Sovereign risk
Capital market line (CML)
16. Strategic risk - Business risk - Reputational risk
Risks excluded from operational risk
Practical considerations related to ERM implementatio
Effect of non- price- taking behavior on CAPM
Volatility Market risk
17. Relationship drawn from CML - RAP = [(market std dev)/(portfolio std dev)]*(Portfolio return - risk free rate) + risk free rate - annualized
Parametric VaR
Morningstar Rating System
Ri = Rz + (gamma)(beta)
Risk- adjusted performance measure (RAP)
18. Potential amount that can be lost
3 main types of operational risk
Exposure
Financial Risk
Debt overhang
19. Sqrt((Xa^2)(variance of a) + (1- Xa)^2(variance of b) + 2(Xa)(1- Xa)(covariance))
Standard deviation of two assets
Four major types of risk
APT for passive portfolio management
Tax shield
20. Derives value from an underlying asset - rate - or index - Derives value from a security
Models used in ERM framework
Traits of ERM
Derivative contract
Forms of Market risk
21. Human - created: business cycles - inflation - govt policy changes - wars - Natural: weather - quakes
Where is risk coming from
Shape of portfolio possibilities curve
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
Importance of communication for risk managers
22. Excess return divided by portfolio beta Tp = (E(Rp) - Rf)/portfolio beta - Better for well diversified portfolios
VaR - Value at Risk
Treynor measure
Sharpe measure
Market imperfections that can create value
23. Xmvp = ((variance of b) - covariance)/((variance of a) + (variance of b) - 2 * covariance)
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
LTCM
Contango
Recovery rate
24. Law of one price - Homogeneous expectations - Security returns process
Security (primary vs secondary)
Information ratio
Derivative contract
APT (equation and assumptions)
25. Economic Cost of Ruin(ECOR) - Enhancement to probability of ruin where severity of ruin is reflected
EPD or ECOR - Expected Policyholder Deficit (EPD)
Financial Risk
Settlement risk
CAPM (formula)
26. Asset-liability/market-liquidity risk
Liquidity risk
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Carry- backs and carry- forwards
27. Multibeta CAPM Ri - Rf =
Risk
Risks excluded from operational risk
(market beta)(Rm - Rf) + (sensitivity to inflation risk)(price of inflation risk)
LTCM
28. Asses firm risks - Communicate risks - Manage and monitor risks
Solvency-related metrics
Market imperfections that can create value
Roles of risk management
Standard deviation of two assets
29. Interest rate movements - derivatives - defaults
Barings
Financial Risk
Models used in ERM framework
Ten assumptions underlying CAPM
30. Leeson took large speculative position in Nikkei 225 disguised as safe transactions by fake customers - Earthquake increased volatility and destroyed short put options - Losses of 1.25 billion and forced bankruptcy - Necessity of an independent tradi
Business risks
Risk types addressed by ERM
LTCM
Barings
31. Modeling approach is typically between statistical analytic models and structural simulation models
Business Risk
Models used in ERM framework
APT (equation and assumptions)
Valuation vs. Risk management
32. Volatility of expected outcomes - Outcomes are random but distribution is known or approximated
Uncertainty
Risk
Source of need for risk management
Barings
33. Cannot exit position in market due to size of the position
Market risk
Zero- beta CAPM (two factor model)
Shortcomings of risk metrics
Asset liquidity risk
34. Quantile of a statistical distribution
Parametric VaR
Contango
Basis
VaR- based analysis (formula)
35. Those which corporations assume whillingly to create competitive advantage/add shareholder value - Business Decisions: investment decisions - prod - dev choices - marketing strategies - organizational struct. - Business Environment: competitive and
Ways risk can be mismeasured
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
APT (equation and assumptions)
Business Risk
36. The need to hedge against risks - for firms need to speculate.
What lead to the exponential growth to derivatives mkt?
Where is risk coming from
Financial risks
Ways risk can be mismeasured
37. Sold complex derivatives to Proctor & Gamble and Gibson - Were sued due to claims that they deceived buyers - Need for better controls for matching complexity of trade with client sophistication - Need for price quotes independent of front office Met
38. Losses due to market activities ex. Interest rate changes or defaults
Risk- adjusted performance measure (RAP)
3 main types of operational risk
Banker's Trust
Financial risks
39. Wrong distribution - Historical sample may not apply
Ways risk can be mismeasured
Risk
Four major types of risk
Debt overhang
40. Expected value of unfavorable deviations of a random variable from a specified target level
Risk
BTR - Below Target Risk
Zero- beta CAPM (two factor model)
Performance- related metrics
41. Gamma = market price of the consumption beta - Beta = E(r) of zero consumption beta
Jensen's alpha
Asset liquidity risk
Operational risk
Ri = Rz + (gamma)(beta)
42. Hazard - Financial - Operational - Strategic
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
Risk types addressed by ERM
Risks excluded from operational risk
Basic Market risk
43. Return is linearly related to growth rate in consumption
Asset transformers
Multi- period version of CAPM
Capital market line (CML)
Probability of ruin
44. IR = (E(Rp) - E(Rb))/(std dev(Rp- Rb)) - Evaluate manager of a benchmark fund
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
Volatility Market risk
Information ratio
Treynor measure
45. Misleading reporting (incorrect market info) - Due to large market moves - Due to conduct of customer business
Zero- beta CAPM (two factor model)
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
Three main reasons for financial disasters
Kidder Peabody
46. Volatility of unexpected outcomes
Basis risk
Market imperfections that can create value
Risk
Efficient frontier
47. Probability distribution is unknown (ex. A terrorist attack)
Contango
Uncertainty
CAPM (formula)
Risk
48. People risk = fraud - etc. - Model risk = flawed valuation models - Legal risk = exposure to fines and lawsuits
3 main types of operational risk
Roles of risk management
Ri = Rz + (gamma)(beta)
Tracking error
49. Inability to make payment obligations (ex. Margin calls)
Funding liquidity risk
APT for passive portfolio management
Practical considerations related to ERM implementatio
Treynor measure
50. Std dev between portfolio return and benchmark return TE = std dev * (Rp- Rb) - Benchmark funds
EPD or ECOR - Expected Policyholder Deficit (EPD)
Tracking error
Sortino ratio
Formula for covariance