SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
FRM: Foundations Of Risk Management
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
business-skills
,
certifications
,
frm
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capital structure (financial distress) - Taxes - Agency and information asymmetries
Traits of ERM
Market imperfections that can create value
Four major types of risk
Expected return of two assets
2. (E(Rp) - MAR)/(sqrt((1/T)summation(Rpt- MAR)^2) - MAR - minimum acceptable return
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
Sortino ratio
Shortcomings of risk metrics
EPD or ECOR - Expected Policyholder Deficit (EPD)
3. Potential amount that can be lost
Drysdale Securities (Chase Manhattan)
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
Exposure
3 main types of operational risk
4. Gamma = market price of the consumption beta - Beta = E(r) of zero consumption beta
Efficient frontier
VaR- based analysis (formula)
Solvency-related metrics
Ri = Rz + (gamma)(beta)
5. Misleading reporting (incorrect market info) - Due to large market moves - Due to conduct of customer business
Three main reasons for financial disasters
APT (equation and assumptions)
VaR- based analysis (formula)
Contango
6. Asset-liability/market-liquidity risk
Liquidity risk
Formula for covariance
Ways risk can be mismeasured
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
7. Prices of risk are common factors and do not change - Sensitivities can change
Prices of risk vs sensitivity
Settlement risk
Tax shield
Importance of communication for risk managers
8. Modeling approach is typically between statistical analytic models and structural simulation models
Models used in ERM framework
Source of need for risk management
Carry- backs and carry- forwards
Shortfall risk
9. Equilibrium can still be expressed in returns - covariance - and variance - but they become complex weighted averages
Effect of heterogeneous expectations on CAPM
Shape of portfolio possibilities curve
Prices of risk vs sensitivity
Shortfall risk
10. Security is a financial claim issued to raise capital - Primary securities are backed by real assets - Secondary securities are backed by primary securities
RAR = relative return of portfolio (RRp)
Four major types of risk
Security (primary vs secondary)
Traits of ERM
11. Market risk - Liquidity risk - Credit risk - Operational risk
Four major types of risk
Financial Risk
Operational risk
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
12. Curve must be concave - Straight line connecting any two points must be under the curve
Shape of portfolio possibilities curve
Capital market line (CML)
Uncertainty
RAR = relative return of portfolio (RRp)
13. Absolute and relative risk - direction and non-directional
Forms of Market risk
CAPM (formula)
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
Barings
14. Returns on any stock are linearly related to a set of indexes
Financial risks
Ri = Rz + (gamma)(beta)
Derivative contract
Ri = ai + bi1l1 + bi2l2....+ei
15. Relationship drawn from CML - RAP = [(market std dev)/(portfolio std dev)]*(Portfolio return - risk free rate) + risk free rate - annualized
Risk- adjusted performance measure (RAP)
Contango
Probability of ruin
Derivative contract
16. The need to hedge against risks - for firms need to speculate.
Four major types of risk
Barings
What lead to the exponential growth to derivatives mkt?
Jensen's alpha
17. Track an index with a portfolio that excludes certain stocks - Track an index that must include certain stocks - To closely track an index while tailoring the risk exposure
Four major types of risk
APT for passive portfolio management
Source of need for risk management
VaR - Value at Risk
18. IR = (E(Rp) - E(Rb))/(std dev(Rp- Rb)) - Evaluate manager of a benchmark fund
Information ratio
Source of need for risk management
Roles of risk management
Correlation coefficient effect on diversification
19. Managing risks is a core activity at financial companies - Industrial companies hedge financial risks
Ten assumptions underlying CAPM
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
CAPM assumption for EMH
Differences in financial risk management for financial companies vs industrial companies
20. Excess return equated to alpha plus expected systematic return E(Rp) - Rf = alpha + beta(E(Rm) - Rf)
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
21. Firm may ignore known risk - Somebody in firm may know about risk - but it's not captured by models - Realization of a truly unknown risk
Drysdale Securities (Chase Manhattan)
Ways firms can fail to account for risks
Parametric VaR
Differences in financial risk management for financial companies vs industrial companies
22. Focus on adverse tail of distribution - Relevant for determining economic capital (EC) requirements
Prices of risk vs sensitivity
Shortfall risk
Solvency-related metrics
CAPM with taxes included (equation)
23. Enterprise Risk Management - ERM is a discipline - culture of enterprise - ERM applies to all industries - ERM is not just defensive - adds value - ERM encompasses all risks - ERM addresses all stakeholders
Sovereign risk
Traits of ERM
Funding liquidity risk
Models used in ERM framework
24. Need to assess risk and tell management so they can determine which risks to take on
Importance of communication for risk managers
Tracking error
Derivative contract
Risk- adjusted performance measure (RAP)
25. CAPM requires the strong form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis = private information
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
Four major types of risk
CAPM assumption for EMH
Tracking error
26. Future price is greater than the spot price
VaR- based analysis (formula)
Contango
Probability of ruin
APT in active portfolio management
27. Efficient frontier with inclusion of risk free rate - Straight line with formula Rc = Rf + ((Ra - Rf)/std dev(a))*std dev(c) - c is the total portfolio - a is the risky asset
APT (equation and assumptions)
Capital market line (CML)
Settlement risk
Information ratio
28. Joseph Jett exploited an accounting glitch to book 350 million of false profits (government bonds) - Massive misreporting resulted in loss of confidence in management - Failed to take into account the present value of a forward - Learn to investigate
LTCM
Kidder Peabody
Sortino ratio
Ways firms can fail to account for risks
29. Quantile of a statistical distribution
APT in active portfolio management
Parametric VaR
Uncertainty
Asset transformers
30. Those which corporations assume whillingly to create competitive advantage/add shareholder value - Business Decisions: investment decisions - prod - dev choices - marketing strategies - organizational struct. - Business Environment: competitive and
Kidder Peabody
Sharpe measure
Solve for minimum variance portfolio
Business Risk
31. Wrong distribution - Historical sample may not apply
Ways risk can be mismeasured
Correlation coefficient effect on diversification
Tail VaR or TCE - Tail Conditional Expectation(TCE)
Traits of ERM
32. Economic Cost of Ruin(ECOR) - Enhancement to probability of ruin where severity of ruin is reflected
Morningstar Rating System
Basic Market risk
EPD or ECOR - Expected Policyholder Deficit (EPD)
VaR- based analysis (formula)
33. Long in options = expecting volatility increase - Short in options = expecting volatility decrease
Effect of heterogeneous expectations on CAPM
Three main reasons for financial disasters
LTCM
Options motivation on volatility
34. Risk of loses owing to movements in level or volatility of market prices
Nonparametric VaR
Three main reasons for financial disasters
Information ratio
Market risk
35. The uses of debt to fall into a lower tax rate
Prices of risk vs sensitivity
Tax shield
Differences in financial risk management for financial companies vs industrial companies
Security (primary vs secondary)
36. Human - created: business cycles - inflation - govt policy changes - wars - Natural: weather - quakes
Where is risk coming from
Derivative contract
Treynor measure
Uncertainty
37. Probability distribution is unknown (ex. A terrorist attack)
Forms of Market risk
Basis
Uncertainty
Information ratio
38. Excess return divided by portfolio volatility (std dev) Sp = (E(Rp) - Rf)/(std dev of Rp) - Better for non- diversified portfolios
Sharpe measure
Tail VaR or TCE - Tail Conditional Expectation(TCE)
Credit event
Exposure
39. Percentile of the distribution corresponding to the point which capital is exhausted - Typically - a minimum acceptable probability of ruin is specified - and economic capital is derived from it
Probability of ruin
Zero- beta CAPM (two factor model)
Solvency-related metrics
Source of need for risk management
40. Firms became multinational - - >watched xchange rates more - deregulation and globalization
Firms becoming more sensitive to changes(bank deregulation)
APT for passive portfolio management
Practical considerations related to ERM implementatio
Roles of risk management
41. Losses due to market activities ex. Interest rate changes or defaults
Ways firms can fail to account for risks
Debt overhang
Financial risks
Banker's Trust
42. Simple form of CAPM - but market price of risk is lower than if all investors were price takers
Barings
Effect of non- price- taking behavior on CAPM
Morningstar Rating System
Nonparametric VaR
43. Designate ERM champion - usually CRO - Make ERM part of firm culture - Determining all possible risks - Quantifying operational and strategic risks - Integrating risks (dependencies) - Lack of risk transfer mechanisms - Monitoring
Practical considerations related to ERM implementatio
Banker's Trust
Tail VaR or TCE - Tail Conditional Expectation(TCE)
Four major types of risk
44. Quantile of an empirical distribution
Nonparametric VaR
Information ratio
Source of need for risk management
Effect of non- price- taking behavior on CAPM
45. Probability that a random variable falls below a specified threshold level
Shortfall risk
Prices of risk vs sensitivity
3 main types of operational risk
CAPM assumption for EMH
46. Valuation focuses on mean of distribution vs risk mgmt focuses on potential variation in payoffs - needs more precision for pricing - VAR doesn't b/c noise cancels out
Valuation vs. Risk management
Four major types of risk
Asset liquidity risk
Jensen's alpha
47. Ri = Rz + (Rm - Rz)*beta - Rz = return on zero- beta portfolio
VaR- based analysis (formula)
Multi- period version of CAPM
Zero- beta CAPM (two factor model)
Probability of ruin
48. Interest rate movements - derivatives - defaults
Ways firms can fail to account for risks
Formula for covariance
Financial Risk
Four major types of risk
49. Long Term Capital Management - Renowned quants produced great returns with arbitrage- type trades - Unexpected and extreme events resulted in devaluation of Russian Rouble - resulting in a 3.65 billion dollar bailout - Failure to account for illiquid
LTCM
Shortfall risk
Effect of heterogeneous expectations on CAPM
Financial Risk
50. Liquidity and maturity transformation - Brokers - Reduces transaction and information costs between households and corporations
Operational risk
Risk types addressed by ERM
Nonmarketable asset impact on CAPM
Asset transformers