Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Polycystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


2. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Polycystic kidney disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Biopsy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


3. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Polycystic kidney disease
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


4. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.


5. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


6. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Addison's disease


7. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
More than one million.


8. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


9. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis


10. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram


11. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


12. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Addison's disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


13. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


14. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease


15. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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16. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
IVU
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Polycystic kidney disease


17. Three types of PKD.
Twisting
Addison's disease.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


18. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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19. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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20. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


21. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


22. MIBG
Epispadias.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


23. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Urinalysis
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular cancer


24. Function of the medulla
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


25. The single most important laboratory examination.
Inguinal incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Flank incision
Urinalysis


26. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Testicular torsion
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision


27. Torsion of the testicle
Retrograde urogram
Adrenalectomy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


28. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Flank incision


29. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopic removal
Epispadias.
Wilms' tumor.


30. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


31. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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32. Torsion
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Flank incision
Twisting
Testicular cancer


33. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


34. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision


35. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.
Testicular cancer
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


36. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion
Lumbar incision
Cushing's syndrome


37. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


38. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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39. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Subcostal flank incision
Orchiopexy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Addison's disease


40. Autosomal recessive PKD
Epispadias.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


41. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Testicular cancer
Postadrenalectomy
Urinalysis
Inguinal incision


42. Commonly done in a cysto room
Cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
Retrograde urogram
End-stage renal disease


43. Diagnosis for ESRD
Cryptorchidism
IVU
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Postadrenalectomy


44. Injection of a contrast medium.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Adrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
IVU


45. KUB stands for?
Epispadias.
Wilms' tumor.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Phimosis


46. What is phimosis?
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.


47. Function of the detrusor muscle
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


48. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular torsion
End-stage renal disease
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


49. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Twisting


50. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
More than one million.
Flank incision
Adrenal gland