Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Urinalysis


2. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


3. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


4. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Polycystic kidney disease
Addison's disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


5. What is phimosis?
Cryptorchidism
Biopsy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


6. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma


7. Flank or lumbar incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Adrenal gland
Addison's disease


8. KUB stands for?
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Gibson incision.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


9. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


10. MIBG
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Testicular cancer


11. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


12. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Intercostal incision
Cryptorchidism


13. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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14. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
End-stage renal disease
Scrotal incision
Gibson incision
Inguinal incision


15. Pheochromacytoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


16. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Hypospadias
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision


17. Three types of PKD.
Nephrons
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


18. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Subcostal flank incision
Twisting
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism


19. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Cortex and medulla
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


20. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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21. Functional units of the kidney
Wilms' tumor.
Nephrons
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


22. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Wilms' tumor.
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


23. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Tissue samples
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma


24. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.
Cortex and medulla


25. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Urinalysis
Testicular torsion
Wilms' tumor.


26. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Flank incision
Scrotal incision
Endoscopy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


27. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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28. Diagnosis for ESRD
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Twisting


29. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Addison's disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


30. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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31. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Circumcision
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma


32. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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33. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Transcostal incision


34. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Addison's disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


35. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
IVU
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


36. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Nephrons
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cortex and medulla


37. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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38. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer
Cushing's syndrome


39. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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40. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


41. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Tissue samples
Phimosis


42. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Nephrons
Testicular torsion
More than one million.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


43. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


44. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Transcostal incision
Postadrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


45. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Subcostal flank incision
Endoscopy


46. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


47. Hypertension and proteinuria
Wilms' tumor.
Urinalysis
Biopsy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


48. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.


49. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias
Phimosis
Twisting of the spermatic cord


50. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Nephrons
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma