Genitourinary Surgery

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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


2. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


3. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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4. MIBG
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


5. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Urinalysis
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Gibson incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


6. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Twisting
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal


7. Injection of a contrast medium.
Flank incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
IVU
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


8. Torsion
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Intercostal incision
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting


9. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Intercostal incision
Circumcision
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


10. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Gibson incision.
Lumbar incision
Wilms' tumor.
More than one million.


11. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Testicular cancer
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
More than one million.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


12. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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13. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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14. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Adrenal gland
Gibson incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopic removal


15. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An enhancement of KUB.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


16. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Testicular cancer
Nephrons
Gibson incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


17. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion


18. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Testicular cancer
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


19. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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20. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Epispadias.
Endoscopy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


21. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Lumbar incision
Flank incision
Cortex and medulla
Addison's disease


22. Torsion of the testicle
Gibson incision.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Subcostal flank incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


23. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis


24. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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25. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Urinalysis
Circumcision
Retrograde urogram
Adrenalectomy


26. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Endoscopic removal
Phimosis
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


27. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Intercostal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma


28. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


29. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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30. Flank or lumbar incision
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenal gland
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


31. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion


32. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Orchiopexy
Inguinal incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Flank incision


33. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Postadrenalectomy
Scrotal incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


34. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopic removal
Retrograde urogram


35. What is phimosis?
Lumbar incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
An enhancement of KUB.
Hypospadias


36. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cryptorchidism
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Inguinal incision


37. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


38. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Postadrenalectomy
Hypospadias
Twisting
Flank incision


39. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Cryptorchidism
Twisting
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


40. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


41. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


42. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Tissue samples


43. What is a KUB?
Twisting of the spermatic cord
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer


44. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
End-stage renal disease


45. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples


46. Autosomal dominant PKD
Testicular cancer
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Flank incision


47. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


48. Hypertension and proteinuria
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


49. Function of the cortex
Nephrons
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


50. PSA
Inguinal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.