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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Function of the detrusor muscle
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

2. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
IVU
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

3. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
Gibson incision.

4. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

5. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Inguinal incision
Lumbar incision
Flank incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

6. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Circumcision
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism

7. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy

8. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

9. Pheochromacytoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

10. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord

11. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
More than one million.
Addison's disease.
Wilms' tumor.

12. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

13. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular cancer
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Intercostal incision

14. Function of the cortex
Intercostal incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Adrenalectomy

15. Injection of a contrast medium.
Circumcision
End-stage renal disease
IVU
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

16. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

17. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

18. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma

19. Diagnosis for ESRD
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
IVU
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Orchiopexy

20. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
IVU
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Testicular torsion
Cryptorchidism

21. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

22. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

23. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Endoscopic removal

24. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

25. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma

26. IVU
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Transcostal incision
An enhancement of KUB.

27. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Intercostal incision

28. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism

29. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Scrotal incision

30. KUB stands for?
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

31. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

32. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Subcostal flank incision
End-stage renal disease
Intercostal incision
Addison's disease

33. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

34. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Adrenalectomy
Biopsy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

35. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Polycystic kidney disease
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

36. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Phimosis
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Subcostal flank incision

37. Excessive thirst and edema.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

38. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

39. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Twisting
Gibson incision
Orchiopexy

40. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular torsion
Gibson incision
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer

41. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Orchiopexy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.

42. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

43. Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision
More than one million.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

44. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Addison's disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism

45. Retrograde urogram
Testicular cancer
Phimosis
Cryptorchidism
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

46. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Twisting

47. Torsion
Twisting
Orchiopexy
IVU
Flank incision

48. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
An enhancement of KUB.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular torsion
Postadrenalectomy

49. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Orchiopexy
Polycystic kidney disease
Scrotal incision

50. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Addison's disease
Gibson incision.
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy