Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cortex and medulla
Inguinal incision


2. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Addison's disease.


3. Ellik evacuator
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


4. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Addison's disease.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


5. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Cushing's syndrome
Phimosis
Wilms' tumor.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


6. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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7. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cushing's syndrome
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


8. Torsion of the testicle
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Tissue samples
Testicular cancer
Twisting of the spermatic cord


9. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


10. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Addison's disease
Orchiopexy
Testicular cancer
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


11. Hypertension and proteinuria
Cushing's syndrome
Endoscopic removal
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


12. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma


13. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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14. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
End-stage renal disease
Nephrons
Orchiopexy


15. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cryptorchidism


16. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
An enhancement of KUB.
End-stage renal disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


17. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism


18. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


19. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


20. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


21. Torsion
Flank incision
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting


22. Adrenalectomy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Phimosis
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism


23. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Epispadias.


24. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


25. Autosomal recessive PKD
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
More than one million.
Inguinal incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


26. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Phimosis
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease


27. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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28. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Gibson incision


29. Flank or lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
More than one million.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


30. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Tissue samples


31. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Biopsy
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision


32. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Adrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Flank incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


33. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Orchiopexy
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


34. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Lumbar incision
Urinalysis
Hypospadias


35. MIBG
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
IVU
Polycystic kidney disease


36. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


37. IVU
Endoscopy
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision
An enhancement of KUB.


38. Another name for IVU
Flank incision
Subcostal flank incision
Circumcision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


39. Functional units of the kidney
More than one million.
Nephrons
Endoscopy
Circumcision


40. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenalectomy


41. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
IVU
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


42. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.
Endoscopic removal


43. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Adrenalectomy
Flank incision
Cryptorchidism


44. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
An enhancement of KUB.
Cryptorchidism
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Renal cell carcinoma


45. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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46. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Endoscopy


47. Pheochromacytoma
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


48. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease


49. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Scrotal incision
Cryptorchidism


50. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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