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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis
Twisting
Scrotal incision

2. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

3. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Biopsy
Lumbar incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

4. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Transcostal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Testicular cancer

5. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

6. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

7. Autosomal recessive PKD
Cushing's syndrome
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma

8. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Endoscopy
Retrograde urogram

9. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias

10. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Epispadias.

11. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Retrograde urogram
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

12. Function of the detrusor muscle
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

13. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal
Biopsy

14. PKD
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Polycystic kidney disease
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

15. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Wilms' tumor.
Tissue samples
Flank incision

16. Torsion of the testicle
Biopsy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Lumbar incision

17. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis
Testicular torsion

18. What is a KUB?
Addison's disease.
Endoscopy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Flank incision

19. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

20. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Twisting
Epispadias.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

21. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Hypospadias
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Postadrenalectomy
Flank incision

22. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Adrenalectomy
An enhancement of KUB.

23. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision

24. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Addison's disease
Hypospadias

25. Hypertension and proteinuria
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

26. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

27. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

28. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
End-stage renal disease

29. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopy

30. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Lumbar incision

31. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Adrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma

32. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

33. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy

34. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Postadrenalectomy

35. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

36. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

37. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

38. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Endoscopic removal
Tissue samples

39. Flank or lumbar incision
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

40. Adrenalectomy
Orchiopexy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Circumcision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

41. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer

42. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Addison's disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

43. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

44. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular cancer
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

45. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

46. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

47. Retrograde urogram
Nephrons
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

48. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

49. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cryptorchidism
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Epispadias.

50. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
End-stage renal disease
Tissue samples
Retrograde urogram