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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Another name for IVU
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

2. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Inguinal incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

3. Diagnosis for ESRD
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

4. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Gibson incision.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
More than one million.
Lumbar incision

5. Excessive thirst and edema.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

6. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

7. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

8. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

9. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

10. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer

11. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Subcostal flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease

12. Autosomal dominant PKD
Endoscopy
Wilms' tumor.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

13. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Phimosis

14. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Phimosis
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

15. MIBG
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Epispadias.
Adrenalectomy

17. Three types of PKD.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Lumbar incision

18. Ellik evacuator
Circumcision
Orchiopexy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

19. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Urinalysis
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

20. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopic removal
Lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer

21. Hypertension and proteinuria
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular torsion
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

22. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Cortex and medulla
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.

23. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Transcostal incision
Scrotal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

24. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

25. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Urinalysis
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

26. KUB stands for?
Wilms' tumor.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.

27. Torsion
IVU
Retrograde urogram
Twisting
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

28. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
Phimosis
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Postadrenalectomy

29. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

30. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Lumbar incision
Cushing's syndrome
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism

31. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

32. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

33. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

34. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

35. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision

36. Function of the cortex
Subcostal flank incision
Adrenalectomy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma

37. Retrograde urogram
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting
Postadrenalectomy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

38. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.

39. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision
Flank incision
More than one million.

40. IVU
Biopsy
An enhancement of KUB.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

41. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy

42. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Orchiopexy
Twisting
Testicular cancer

43. Flank or lumbar incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenal gland
Cryptorchidism

44. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Orchiopexy
Urinalysis

45. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Wilms' tumor.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Testicular torsion

46. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma

47. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

48. Torsion of the testicle
Cryptorchidism
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cushing's syndrome
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

49. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

50. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.