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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is PKD?
Polycystic kidney disease
Nephrons
Cortex and medulla
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

2. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Hypospadias
Urinalysis
End-stage renal disease

3. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Flank incision
Testicular torsion
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

4. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy

5. Three types of PKD.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias

6. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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7. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

8. Autosomal dominant PKD
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Retrograde urogram

9. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

10. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision.
Inguinal incision

11. Treated through an inguinal incision.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Hypospadias
Nephrons
Cryptorchidism

12. What is a KUB?
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

13. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Twisting
Adrenalectomy
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma

14. Pheochromacytoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular torsion
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

15. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Intercostal incision
Subcostal flank incision

16. KUB stands for?
Hypospadias
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

17. Autosomal recessive PKD
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Hypospadias
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

18. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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19. Excessive thirst and edema.
Adrenal gland
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias

20. Flank or lumbar incision
Gibson incision
Adrenal gland
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer

21. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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22. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopic removal
Endoscopy
Gibson incision.

23. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
Adrenalectomy
Nephrons

24. Function of the cortex
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

25. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.

26. Adrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

27. MIBG
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

28. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Testicular cancer
IVU

29. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Renal cell carcinoma
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision
Endoscopy

30. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

31. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Scrotal incision

32. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Wilms' tumor.

33. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Retrograde urogram
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma

34. The single most important laboratory examination.
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis
Addison's disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

35. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Inguinal incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Flank incision
Urinalysis

36. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision
An enhancement of KUB.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

37. Diagnosis for ESRD
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Circumcision

38. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting
Tissue samples
Cryptorchidism

39. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Adrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
End-stage renal disease

40. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Hypospadias

41. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Transcostal incision
Hypospadias

42. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

43. Ellik evacuator
Gibson incision.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Circumcision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

44. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Wilms' tumor.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis

45. What is phimosis?
Testicular torsion
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

46. Function of the medulla
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma

47. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

48. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Lumbar incision
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

49. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Renal cell carcinoma

50. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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