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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
An enhancement of KUB.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

2. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

3. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Intercostal incision

4. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord

5. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Gibson incision.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

6. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma

7. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Phimosis
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla

8. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Biopsy

9. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma

10. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Twisting
Testicular cancer
Postadrenalectomy
Tissue samples

11. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

12. KUB stands for?
End-stage renal disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

13. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

14. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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15. What is a KUB?
Cortex and medulla
Hypospadias
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

16. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Gibson incision

17. Pheochromacytoma
Gibson incision.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

18. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Circumcision
Transcostal incision

19. The single most important laboratory examination.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
An enhancement of KUB.
Polycystic kidney disease
Urinalysis

20. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Orchiopexy
Flank incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

21. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Adrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

22. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
End-stage renal disease
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Hypospadias

23. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Testicular torsion
End-stage renal disease
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
More than one million.

24. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Twisting of the spermatic cord

25. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

26. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Phimosis

27. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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28. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Hypospadias
Postadrenalectomy

29. Functional units of the kidney
Phimosis
Nephrons
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma

30. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

31. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular torsion

32. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Nephrons

33. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

34. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
More than one million.
Endoscopic removal
Subcostal flank incision
Scrotal incision

35. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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36. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Tissue samples
Epispadias.
Cushing's syndrome

37. Another name for IVU
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

38. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

39. IVU
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Inguinal incision
An enhancement of KUB.

40. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenal gland
Inguinal incision

41. Torsion
Cushing's syndrome
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

42. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Twisting
Phimosis
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

43. Ellik evacuator
Postadrenalectomy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma

44. Autosomal recessive PKD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Subcostal flank incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

45. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Testicular torsion
Adrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

46. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Retrograde urogram
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

47. Injection of a contrast medium.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.
IVU
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

48. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Gibson incision
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.

49. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting
Cortex and medulla
Subcostal flank incision

50. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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