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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

2. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Phimosis
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer

3. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Endoscopy

4. Three types of PKD.
Scrotal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

5. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular torsion

6. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Endoscopic removal
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Addison's disease

7. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Flank incision
Transcostal incision
Orchiopexy

8. Function of the cortex
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

9. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Subcostal flank incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

10. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Tissue samples

11. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Postadrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism

12. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis

13. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

14. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Addison's disease.
End-stage renal disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

15. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Adrenalectomy

16. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Tissue samples

17. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Orchiopexy
Subcostal flank incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

18. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Transcostal incision

19. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
An enhancement of KUB.
IVU

20. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

21. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

22. Pheochromacytoma
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Adrenalectomy
Transcostal incision

23. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

24. Another name for IVU
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Cryptorchidism
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

25. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.

26. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Gibson incision

27. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism

28. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

29. Retrograde urogram
Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Tissue samples

30. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

31. What is PKD?
Epispadias.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Orchiopexy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

32. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
End-stage renal disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

33. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

34. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Subcostal flank incision
Orchiopexy

35. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Epispadias.
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
Nephrons

36. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision

37. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Inguinal incision

38. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

39. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Cushing's syndrome
Scrotal incision
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

40. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias
IVU
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

41. Ellik evacuator
Cortex and medulla
Adrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

42. What is a KUB?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

43. Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision.
Tissue samples
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

44. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism

45. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

46. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Cryptorchidism
Cortex and medulla
Endoscopic removal
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

47. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

48. Torsion
Wilms' tumor.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Twisting

49. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Hypospadias

50. What is phimosis?
Epispadias.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Scrotal incision
Addison's disease.