Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Adrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


2. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Hypospadias
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


3. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism


4. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


5. Diagnosis for ESRD
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Flank incision
Hypospadias
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


6. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


7. What is PKD?
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Gibson incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


8. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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9. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Phimosis
Addison's disease.


10. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
More than one million.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


11. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Wilms' tumor.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Tissue samples


12. Three types of PKD.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


13. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Transcostal incision
Twisting
Hypospadias
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


14. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Endoscopic removal
Transcostal incision
Biopsy


15. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


16. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


17. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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18. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


19. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Hypospadias
Twisting
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


20. What is phimosis?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


21. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Scrotal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inguinal incision


22. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.


23. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Postadrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


24. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopic removal
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Endoscopy


25. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease


26. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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27. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
IVU


28. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Cushing's syndrome
Testicular cancer


29. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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30. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Endoscopic removal


31. Torsion of the testicle
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Postadrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease


32. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


33. Functional units of the kidney
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
Intercostal incision


34. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Inguinal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


35. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Flank incision
Transcostal incision


36. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Phimosis


37. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular torsion


38. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Addison's disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


39. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Epispadias.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenal gland


40. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Postadrenalectomy


41. PKD
Twisting
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.


42. Function of the medulla
Circumcision
Endoscopy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Adrenalectomy


43. Two portions of the adrenal gland
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Gibson incision
Cortex and medulla
Phimosis


44. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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45. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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46. Autosomal recessive PKD
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
An enhancement of KUB.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


47. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
End-stage renal disease
Tissue samples
Testicular torsion


48. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Intercostal incision


49. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Adrenalectomy


50. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Transcostal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.