Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Addison's disease
An enhancement of KUB.
Transcostal incision


2. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
An enhancement of KUB.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
IVU


3. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
An enhancement of KUB.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease


4. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision
Endoscopy


5. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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6. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


7. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
More than one million.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Biopsy
Phimosis


8. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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9. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Circumcision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


10. Excessive thirst and edema.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Retrograde urogram
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Epispadias.


11. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cushing's syndrome
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


12. Function of the cortex
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Nephrons
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


13. Another name for IVU
Hypospadias
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


14. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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15. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Addison's disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Orchiopexy
End-stage renal disease


16. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Adrenal gland
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Testicular torsion


17. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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18. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.


19. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma


20. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Addison's disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


21. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


22. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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23. Pheochromacytoma
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease


24. Diagnosis for ESRD
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease


25. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision
Subcostal flank incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


26. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Tissue samples
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


27. Two treatment options for ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


28. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Orchiopexy
Cortex and medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


29. MIBG
Cryptorchidism
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Hypospadias


30. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
Orchiopexy
Wilms' tumor.
Circumcision


31. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Twisting
Adrenalectomy
Biopsy


32. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Biopsy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


33. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion
Testicular cancer


34. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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35. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


36. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cortex and medulla
Retrograde urogram
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism


37. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


38. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla


39. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Gibson incision
Addison's disease


40. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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41. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
End-stage renal disease


42. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Flank incision
Retrograde urogram
Inguinal incision


43. Torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Twisting
Cryptorchidism


44. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


45. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Biopsy
Epispadias.
Cryptorchidism


46. Best for nonmalignant masses.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal


47. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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48. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Inguinal incision
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


49. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


50. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Cortex and medulla
Gibson incision
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease