Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma


2. Torsion of the testicle
Cryptorchidism
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


3. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Addison's disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla


4. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision


5. Diagnosis for ESRD
Wilms' tumor.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


6. Commonly done in a cysto room
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Twisting
Retrograde urogram


7. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Adrenalectomy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord


8. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


9. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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10. What is phimosis?
Phimosis
Urinalysis
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Cortex and medulla


11. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
End-stage renal disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cushing's syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


12. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


13. Pheochromacytoma
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


14. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Hypospadias
Lumbar incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


15. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Flank incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Adrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


16. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


17. Excessive thirst and edema.
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision


18. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Addison's disease
Testicular torsion
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


19. PSA
An enhancement of KUB.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy


20. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Testicular cancer


21. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Flank incision
Subcostal flank incision
An enhancement of KUB.


22. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


23. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Polycystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


24. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Inguinal incision
Testicular cancer
Subcostal flank incision
Cryptorchidism


25. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Gibson incision
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


26. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Testicular torsion
Lumbar incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


27. Three types of PKD.
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Flank incision


28. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Orchiopexy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


29. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cryptorchidism
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


30. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Biopsy


31. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Tissue samples
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Hypospadias


32. PKD
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Polycystic kidney disease


33. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


34. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy


35. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Endoscopy
Cortex and medulla


36. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


37. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy
Cortex and medulla
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


38. Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


39. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
Subcostal flank incision
End-stage renal disease
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


40. The single most important laboratory examination.
Hypospadias
Urinalysis
Postadrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism


41. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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42. Another name for IVU
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Adrenalectomy


43. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Biopsy


44. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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45. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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46. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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47. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Biopsy
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


48. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Intercostal incision


49. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
An enhancement of KUB.
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Scrotal incision


50. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Cortex and medulla
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Gibson incision
Phimosis