Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy


2. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


3. The single most important laboratory examination.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Urinalysis


4. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Addison's disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


5. Injection of a contrast medium.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
IVU


6. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision
Epispadias.


7. Another name for IVU
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Gibson incision.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cortex and medulla


8. Function of the detrusor muscle
More than one million.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Subcostal flank incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


9. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.


10. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
End-stage renal disease
Postadrenalectomy
Endoscopy
Wilms' tumor.


11. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Addison's disease
Subcostal flank incision
Phimosis
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


12. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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13. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease


14. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Adrenal gland
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism


15. Function of the cortex
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


16. KUB stands for?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Flank incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


17. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Adrenalectomy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Testicular cancer


18. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Gibson incision
Epispadias.
Tissue samples
IVU


19. Torsion of the testicle
Addison's disease
Intercostal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Gibson incision


20. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma


21. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Flank incision
Transcostal incision
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism


22. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Biopsy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


23. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
End-stage renal disease
Intercostal incision
Wilms' tumor.


24. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Addison's disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


25. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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26. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Testicular torsion
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism


27. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Hypospadias
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


28. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Intercostal incision


29. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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30. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
Twisting of the spermatic cord


31. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Intercostal incision
Postadrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
Polycystic kidney disease


32. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Endoscopic removal
Phimosis
Addison's disease


33. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy


34. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis


35. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Postadrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Gibson incision


36. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Inguinal incision
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


37. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
IVU
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.


38. Torsion
Twisting
Retrograde urogram
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Lumbar incision


39. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Twisting
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


40. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
Addison's disease


41. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


42. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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43. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Addison's disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


44. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Scrotal incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Addison's disease


45. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Nephrons
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Twisting


46. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Nephrons
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma


47. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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48. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular torsion
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
Circumcision


49. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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50. Pheochromacytoma
Cushing's syndrome
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.