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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.

2. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Endoscopy
Phimosis
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

3. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism

4. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenal gland
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy

5. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Intercostal incision
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Twisting

6. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

7. Three types of PKD.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

8. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Scrotal incision
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma

9. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Adrenalectomy
Adrenal gland

10. Another name for IVU
Polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

11. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla
Adrenalectomy

12. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Retrograde urogram
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Wilms' tumor.

13. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Inguinal incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Gibson incision
Orchiopexy

14. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Scrotal incision
End-stage renal disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
An enhancement of KUB.

15. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Epispadias.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Circumcision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

16. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

17. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Addison's disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

18. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

19. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Circumcision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Inguinal incision

20. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Hypospadias
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
IVU

21. Injection of a contrast medium.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU

22. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Orchiopexy
Intercostal incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

23. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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24. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

25. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy

26. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Cortex and medulla
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cushing's syndrome
Testicular cancer

27. Torsion
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Twisting

28. PKD
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision

29. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Endoscopy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma

30. Flank or lumbar incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma

31. Ellik evacuator
IVU
Flank incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

32. What is phimosis?
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Wilms' tumor.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

33. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias

34. Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

35. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Testicular cancer
Nephrons
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

36. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular cancer
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

37. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Flank incision
Hypospadias
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma

38. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
End-stage renal disease
Inguinal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

39. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Tissue samples

40. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
End-stage renal disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Biopsy
Testicular cancer

41. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

42. Commonly done in a cysto room
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Tissue samples
Retrograde urogram

43. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy

44. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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45. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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46. Torsion of the testicle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

47. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Wilms' tumor.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Epispadias.

48. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Addison's disease
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Postadrenalectomy

49. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Nephrons
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma

50. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Intercostal incision
End-stage renal disease