Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Scrotal incision
Cushing's syndrome
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


2. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Circumcision


3. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


4. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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5. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease


6. PKD
Orchiopexy
Polycystic kidney disease
Subcostal flank incision
Wilms' tumor.


7. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Scrotal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
More than one million.
Hypospadias


8. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Transcostal incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Retrograde urogram


9. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
An enhancement of KUB.


10. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.


11. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Epispadias.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Hypospadias


12. Autosomal dominant PKD
IVU
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


13. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cushing's syndrome


14. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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15. Diagnosis for ESRD
Subcostal flank incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
An enhancement of KUB.


16. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


17. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Hypospadias
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


18. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


19. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy


20. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Subcostal flank incision
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Inguinal incision


21. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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22. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


23. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Gibson incision.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


24. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision


25. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Postadrenalectomy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


26. Function of the detrusor muscle
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Gibson incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease.


27. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Adrenalectomy
Nephrons
Transcostal incision


28. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision
Adrenal gland


29. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Circumcision
Addison's disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


30. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Cryptorchidism
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease.


31. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Postadrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


32. Injection of a contrast medium.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Hypospadias


33. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Hypospadias
Scrotal incision
Postadrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


34. PSA
Adrenal gland
Postadrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma


35. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
Cortex and medulla


36. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Postadrenalectomy
Orchiopexy
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease


37. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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38. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


39. What is a KUB?
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
More than one million.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Gibson incision.


40. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision
More than one million.
Endoscopic removal


41. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Endoscopy
Urinalysis
Wilms' tumor.
Circumcision


42. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


43. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


44. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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45. Function of the cortex
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
An enhancement of KUB.
Epispadias.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


46. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
IVU
More than one million.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Orchiopexy


47. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Tissue samples
Adrenalectomy
Testicular torsion


48. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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49. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting


50. The single most important laboratory examination.
Phimosis
Urinalysis
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision