Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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2. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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3. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cryptorchidism


4. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


5. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


6. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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7. Three types of PKD.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
More than one million.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


8. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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9. Autosomal recessive PKD
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


10. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Adrenalectomy


11. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Cushing's syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Transcostal incision


12. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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13. Hypertension and proteinuria
Gibson incision.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Addison's disease.
Testicular torsion


14. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Phimosis
Adrenal gland
Gibson incision.
Subcostal flank incision


15. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


16. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Intercostal incision
Hypospadias
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


17. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
End-stage renal disease
Addison's disease.
Hypospadias


18. IVU
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


19. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


20. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Inguinal incision


21. KUB stands for?
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


22. Best for nonmalignant masses.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
An enhancement of KUB.
Endoscopic removal
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


23. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Endoscopic removal
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


24. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Testicular cancer
Twisting of the spermatic cord


25. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


26. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Circumcision


27. Treated through an inguinal incision.
IVU
Urinalysis
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


28. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


29. Torsion of the testicle
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
More than one million.


30. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Endoscopy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma


31. Torsion
Twisting
Flank incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


32. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


33. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease


34. Pheochromacytoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Intercostal incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer


35. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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36. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Cryptorchidism
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Flank incision


37. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Circumcision
Adrenalectomy
Flank incision


38. Injection of a contrast medium.
Hypospadias
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
IVU
Scrotal incision


39. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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40. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Epispadias.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


41. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


42. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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43. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Tissue samples
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Postadrenalectomy


44. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy


45. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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46. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
End-stage renal disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Biopsy


47. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


48. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Subcostal flank incision


49. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cryptorchidism
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Gibson incision.


50. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.