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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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1. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Subcostal flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

2. Adrenalectomy
An enhancement of KUB.
Flank incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma

3. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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4. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Endoscopy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

5. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Urinalysis
Retrograde urogram
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

6. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

7. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Endoscopic removal

8. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Adrenalectomy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Gibson incision
Phimosis

9. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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10. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Tissue samples
Addison's disease

11. Torsion of the testicle
Flank incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Phimosis
Twisting of the spermatic cord

12. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Gibson incision
Testicular cancer
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

13. Functional units of the kidney
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Nephrons
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

14. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

15. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

16. Two portions of the adrenal gland
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Cortex and medulla

17. Function of the medulla
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Inguinal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

18. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Endoscopic removal
Lumbar incision
Wilms' tumor.

19. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

20. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma

21. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Endoscopic removal
End-stage renal disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

22. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Cryptorchidism
Phimosis

23. Ellik evacuator
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Hypospadias
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

24. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Inguinal incision
Twisting
Flank incision

25. Commonly done in a cysto room
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer

26. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Lumbar incision
Twisting
Biopsy
Cryptorchidism

27. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

28. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Tissue samples
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease

29. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

30. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
More than one million.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

31. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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32. KUB stands for?
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.
Gibson incision.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

33. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Postadrenalectomy

34. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Lumbar incision

35. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

36. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Adrenalectomy

37. What is phimosis?
Inguinal incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Tissue samples
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

38. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
End-stage renal disease
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

39. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Testicular cancer
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Lumbar incision
Postadrenalectomy

40. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis

41. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Cryptorchidism
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

42. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma

43. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenal gland

44. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Cortex and medulla
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
IVU

45. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

46. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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47. Three types of PKD.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Endoscopic removal
Phimosis

48. Another name for IVU
Epispadias.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Flank incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

49. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Hypospadias

50. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

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Genitourinary Surgery

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