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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Intercostal incision
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

2. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Flank incision
Gibson incision
Subcostal flank incision

3. Functional units of the kidney
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Nephrons
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

4. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Adrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Wilms' tumor.

5. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

6. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Flank incision

7. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Tissue samples
Intercostal incision
Endoscopy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

8. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

9. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

10. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Biopsy

11. Retrograde urogram
Twisting
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

12. Hypertension and proteinuria
Adrenalectomy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Nephrons
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

13. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Endoscopy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Transcostal incision

14. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cryptorchidism
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Inguinal incision

15. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Biopsy
Polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

16. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Cushing's syndrome
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease

17. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Nephrons
Scrotal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma

18. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopic removal
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

19. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

20. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

21. Commonly done in a cysto room
End-stage renal disease
Epispadias.
Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

22. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopic removal
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

23. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

24. Adrenalectomy
Twisting
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism

25. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inguinal incision
Tissue samples
Cushing's syndrome

26. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Gibson incision.
Polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
An enhancement of KUB.

27. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Nephrons
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer

28. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Orchiopexy
Addison's disease.
More than one million.

29. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Wilms' tumor.

30. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
IVU
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cushing's syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma

31. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Gibson incision.
Testicular cancer
Flank incision
Hypospadias

32. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Subcostal flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Postadrenalectomy

33. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

34. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Flank incision

35. Another name for IVU
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Adrenalectomy
Scrotal incision

36. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
Gibson incision.

37. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Adrenal gland
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision

38. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Testicular cancer
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cryptorchidism

39. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

40. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

41. Three types of PKD.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism

42. PSA
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenal gland
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Circumcision

43. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma

44. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Inguinal incision
Phimosis
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

45. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

46. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Gibson incision.

47. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopic removal
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

48. Torsion
Twisting
Retrograde urogram
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

49. Function of the cortex
More than one million.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

50. Autosomal recessive PKD
Urinalysis
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.