Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Transcostal incision


2. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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3. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Twisting
Subcostal flank incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


4. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Hypospadias
Urinalysis
Inguinal incision


5. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Testicular torsion
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Inguinal incision
Flank incision


6. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Postadrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Circumcision
Scrotal incision


7. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Endoscopic removal
More than one million.
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism


8. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


9. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy
Circumcision


10. The single most important laboratory examination.
Addison's disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
Urinalysis


11. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Biopsy
Hypospadias
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


12. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Gibson incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Transcostal incision


13. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


14. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Endoscopy
Cortex and medulla


15. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Hypospadias
Epispadias.
Adrenalectomy


16. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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17. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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18. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Testicular cancer
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
Transcostal incision


19. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Tissue samples


20. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Cushing's syndrome
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Twisting


21. Another name for IVU
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


22. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Flank incision
Nephrons


23. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Epispadias.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


24. Best for nonmalignant masses.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Endoscopic removal


25. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Addison's disease


26. Function of the cortex
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Twisting


27. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
Postadrenalectomy


28. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision


29. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Gibson incision


30. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


31. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Addison's disease
Intercostal incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
End-stage renal disease


32. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Scrotal incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Wilms' tumor.


33. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Biopsy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


34. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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35. Ellik evacuator
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
An enhancement of KUB.


36. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Polycystic kidney disease
Intercostal incision
Gibson incision
End-stage renal disease


37. What is phimosis?
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Adrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Gibson incision


38. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease


39. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Transcostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


40. IVU
Postadrenalectomy
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.


41. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism


42. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Tissue samples
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


43. Adrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Addison's disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Phimosis


44. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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45. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Postadrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Biopsy


46. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


47. Functional units of the kidney
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Nephrons
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism


48. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


49. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.


50. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Gibson incision
Retrograde urogram
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.