Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Endoscopy
Nephrons
End-stage renal disease
Polycystic kidney disease


2. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Orchiopexy
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


3. Recommended for severe phimosis.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism
Circumcision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


4. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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5. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Urinalysis
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting
Adrenalectomy


6. Functional units of the kidney
Inguinal incision
Nephrons
Circumcision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


7. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Biopsy
Gibson incision
Lumbar incision


8. Autosomal recessive PKD
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Testicular cancer
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


9. Retrograde urogram
End-stage renal disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer


10. Three types of PKD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


11. Another name for IVU
Testicular cancer
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease


12. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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13. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision.


14. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


15. Flank or lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Adrenal gland
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


16. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Cushing's syndrome
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


17. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
Tissue samples
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


18. MIBG
Cryptorchidism
Transcostal incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Hypospadias


19. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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20. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Retrograde urogram
End-stage renal disease


21. Torsion
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma


22. What is phimosis?
Wilms' tumor.
Postadrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


23. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
End-stage renal disease
Biopsy
Phimosis


24. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma


25. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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26. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
Hypospadias
More than one million.


27. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
End-stage renal disease
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


28. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


29. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer


30. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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31. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Hypospadias
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


32. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


33. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy


34. Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Wilms' tumor.


35. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma


36. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


37. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


38. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Cortex and medulla
Scrotal incision
Adrenalectomy
Transcostal incision


39. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Renal cell carcinoma
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Twisting


40. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
End-stage renal disease


41. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Epispadias.
Phimosis


42. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
IVU
Intercostal incision


43. PSA
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


44. Torsion of the testicle
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


45. Ellik evacuator
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Phimosis
More than one million.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


46. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cryptorchidism


47. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cortex and medulla
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma


48. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Scrotal incision
Hypospadias
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


49. Excessive thirst and edema.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.


50. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.