Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Retrograde urogram
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Testicular cancer


2. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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3. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Flank incision
Flank incision
Inguinal incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


4. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Endoscopy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Renal cell carcinoma


5. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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6. MIBG
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cortex and medulla
Flank incision


7. Function of the cortex
Adrenal gland
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


8. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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9. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision
Scrotal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


10. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Circumcision


11. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Twisting
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


12. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Adrenal gland
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Hypospadias
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


13. The single most important laboratory examination.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Transcostal incision
Hypospadias
Urinalysis


14. PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Transcostal incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Polycystic kidney disease


15. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Postadrenalectomy
Cushing's syndrome
Epispadias.
Cryptorchidism


16. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma


17. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Hypospadias
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Scrotal incision


18. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Endoscopy


19. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
Polycystic kidney disease


20. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular cancer
Nephrons


21. Functional units of the kidney
Hypospadias
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision


22. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Gibson incision.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


23. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Testicular cancer
Lumbar incision
Circumcision


24. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


25. What is PKD?
Testicular cancer
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


26. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Lumbar incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


27. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


28. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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29. Function of the medulla
Postadrenalectomy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cushing's syndrome
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


30. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Urinalysis
More than one million.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


31. Another name for IVU
Cortex and medulla
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


32. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
IVU
Postadrenalectomy
Phimosis
Hypospadias


33. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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34. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Testicular cancer
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma


35. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Wilms' tumor.


36. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Flank incision
Endoscopy
End-stage renal disease
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


37. Three types of PKD.
Lumbar incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Cortex and medulla
Addison's disease


38. KUB stands for?
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.


39. Two treatment options for ESRD.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Testicular cancer


40. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


41. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


42. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy


43. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Scrotal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


44. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Adrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Addison's disease
Testicular torsion


45. Torsion
Cortex and medulla
Twisting
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision


46. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Cushing's syndrome
Adrenal gland
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma


47. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision


48. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Circumcision


49. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Epispadias.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


50. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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