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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Testicular torsion

2. Injection of a contrast medium.
Gibson incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
More than one million.
IVU

3. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Orchiopexy
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision

4. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis
Postadrenalectomy

5. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

6. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cushing's syndrome

7. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy

8. Torsion
Orchiopexy
Twisting
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Endoscopic removal

9. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Wilms' tumor.
Biopsy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Adrenalectomy

10. Adrenalectomy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Phimosis
Hypospadias

11. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Inguinal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

12. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
End-stage renal disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Endoscopy

13. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
End-stage renal disease
Lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Biopsy

14. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Wilms' tumor.
Lumbar incision
Biopsy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

15. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Biopsy
Transcostal incision

16. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma

17. Torsion of the testicle
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Polycystic kidney disease

18. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Testicular torsion
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy

19. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenal gland
Orchiopexy
Adrenalectomy
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

20. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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21. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision.

22. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

23. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

24. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Epispadias.
End-stage renal disease
Retrograde urogram

25. Pheochromacytoma
Postadrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism

26. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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27. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis

28. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma

29. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Wilms' tumor.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

30. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Inguinal incision
Endoscopic removal
Orchiopexy
Intercostal incision

31. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

32. Diagnosis for ESRD
Lumbar incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.

33. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

34. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Gibson incision.
Cortex and medulla

35. Function of the detrusor muscle
IVU
Inguinal incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

36. Functional units of the kidney
An enhancement of KUB.
Nephrons
Circumcision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

37. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.
Addison's disease

38. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular torsion
Tissue samples

39. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

40. Excessive thirst and edema.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
More than one million.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

41. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Postadrenalectomy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

42. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Circumcision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Postadrenalectomy

43. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Scrotal incision
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

44. Autosomal recessive PKD
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Flank incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

45. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

46. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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47. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cushing's syndrome
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Tissue samples

48. PKD
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease
Subcostal flank incision

49. Retrograde urogram
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

50. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopic removal
Intercostal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord

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Genitourinary Surgery

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