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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Endoscopy
Nephrons
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

2. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Flank incision
Addison's disease

3. PSA
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular torsion
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

4. Functional units of the kidney
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Nephrons
Hypospadias

5. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Orchiopexy
Scrotal incision

6. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
More than one million.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Flank incision

7. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Scrotal incision
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

8. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

9. Diagnosis for ESRD
Twisting
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Cushing's syndrome
Addison's disease

10. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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11. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.

12. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Addison's disease
Transcostal incision
Testicular cancer

13. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

14. Another name for IVU
Flank incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

15. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
An enhancement of KUB.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Addison's disease.
Intercostal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

17. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Transcostal incision
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease

18. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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19. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Orchiopexy
More than one million.
Tissue samples

20. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
End-stage renal disease
Scrotal incision
Epispadias.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

21. Function of the medulla
Orchiopexy
End-stage renal disease
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

22. Injection of a contrast medium.
Addison's disease
IVU
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inguinal incision

23. Excessive thirst and edema.
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

24. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
Subcostal flank incision
Transcostal incision

25. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision.
Cortex and medulla

26. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Tissue samples

27. Function of the detrusor muscle
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease
Postadrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

28. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Endoscopy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma

29. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Lumbar incision
Wilms' tumor.

30. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
More than one million.

31. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

32. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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33. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Adrenal gland
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.

34. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Twisting
Adrenalectomy
Cushing's syndrome
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

35. What is a KUB?
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Wilms' tumor.
Postadrenalectomy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

36. What is phimosis?
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Urinalysis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

37. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

38. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy

39. Pheochromacytoma
Hypospadias
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

40. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cryptorchidism
Biopsy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

41. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular cancer
Orchiopexy

42. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

43. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Postadrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

44. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Inguinal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Orchiopexy

45. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
End-stage renal disease
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

46. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease.

47. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism

48. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

49. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Epispadias.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Postadrenalectomy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

50. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Flank incision
Postadrenalectomy
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.