Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


2. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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3. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopic removal
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


4. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


5. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Adrenalectomy


6. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Twisting
Cryptorchidism
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Adrenalectomy


7. Another name for IVU
Circumcision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Gibson incision.
Testicular torsion


8. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Lumbar incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


9. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


10. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Testicular torsion
Gibson incision
Circumcision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


11. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Inguinal incision
Nephrons
Scrotal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


12. Commonly done in a cysto room
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Retrograde urogram


13. PSA
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


14. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Phimosis
Intercostal incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
More than one million.


15. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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16. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
End-stage renal disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


17. Flank or lumbar incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Adrenal gland


18. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Adrenalectomy
Tissue samples
Circumcision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


19. Functional units of the kidney
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


20. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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21. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Epispadias.
Cryptorchidism


22. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Cortex and medulla


23. Recommended for severe phimosis.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease
Circumcision


24. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Adrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma


25. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy


26. Hypertension and proteinuria
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease
Subcostal flank incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


27. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Hypospadias


28. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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29. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland
Urinalysis
Polycystic kidney disease


30. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism


31. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Addison's disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma


32. Function of the detrusor muscle
Postadrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Circumcision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


33. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Flank incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


34. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Circumcision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


35. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Urinalysis


36. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


37. Function of the medulla
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma


38. Retrograde urogram
Epispadias.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


39. Adrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


40. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


41. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma


42. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Flank incision
More than one million.


43. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision


44. Autosomal dominant PKD
Wilms' tumor.
Epispadias.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Biopsy


45. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular torsion
Tissue samples


46. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy


47. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism


48. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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49. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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50. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Hypospadias
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.