Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


2. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma


3. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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4. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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5. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Addison's disease.
Gibson incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


6. KUB stands for?
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


7. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
End-stage renal disease


8. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Addison's disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Urinalysis
Orchiopexy


9. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Addison's disease
Biopsy
An enhancement of KUB.


10. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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11. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Intercostal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Addison's disease.


12. IVU
Hypospadias
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
An enhancement of KUB.


13. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
IVU
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision


14. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
End-stage renal disease


15. Commonly done in a cysto room
Endoscopic removal
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Retrograde urogram


16. Torsion of the testicle
Subcostal flank incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Postadrenalectomy


17. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Adrenalectomy


18. PKD
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism


19. Hypertension and proteinuria
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Addison's disease.
Intercostal incision


20. PSA
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Flank incision
Twisting


21. The most common type of kidney cancer.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Hypospadias
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


22. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Cortex and medulla
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


23. Another name for IVU
Addison's disease
Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


24. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Addison's disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cortex and medulla
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


25. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Scrotal incision
Testicular torsion
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Polycystic kidney disease


26. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Urinalysis
Adrenalectomy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


27. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


28. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Epispadias.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


29. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


30. Function of the detrusor muscle
Adrenal gland
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


31. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


32. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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33. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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34. What is phimosis?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma


35. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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36. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Subcostal flank incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.


37. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Scrotal incision


38. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Wilms' tumor.
Urinalysis
Circumcision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


39. Severely decreased or no urine output.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease


40. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma


41. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Adrenal gland


42. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
IVU
Gibson incision.
Testicular cancer
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


43. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Adrenalectomy
Tissue samples
Gibson incision


44. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Testicular cancer


45. Autosomal dominant PKD
Endoscopic removal
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


46. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Endoscopic removal
Flank incision
More than one million.


47. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


48. Function of the cortex
Biopsy
Addison's disease
Circumcision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


49. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord


50. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Testicular cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.