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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Wilms' tumor.
Orchiopexy
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer

2. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Orchiopexy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
More than one million.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

3. Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Hypospadias

4. What is a KUB?
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cryptorchidism

5. Commonly done in a cysto room
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Hypospadias
Retrograde urogram

6. Diagnosis for ESRD
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Addison's disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Flank incision

7. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting

8. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
Nephrons
Addison's disease
Hypospadias

9. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

10. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Wilms' tumor.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

11. Injection of a contrast medium.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

12. Treated through an inguinal incision.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

13. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease

14. Function of the medulla
Nephrons
An enhancement of KUB.
Urinalysis
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

15. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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16. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cortex and medulla
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

17. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

18. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Hypospadias
Lumbar incision
Scrotal incision

19. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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20. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Inguinal incision
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

21. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism

22. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Epispadias.
Tissue samples

23. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

24. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease

25. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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26. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma

27. Autosomal recessive PKD
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Adrenal gland

28. Ellik evacuator
IVU
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Scrotal incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

29. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

30. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Testicular cancer
IVU
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.

31. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Tissue samples
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

32. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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33. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Biopsy
Epispadias.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Wilms' tumor.

34. Autosomal dominant PKD
Transcostal incision
Hypospadias
Gibson incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

35. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Epispadias.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma

36. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Cryptorchidism
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular torsion

37. Pheochromacytoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.

38. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

39. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Addison's disease
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

40. IVU
Addison's disease
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis

41. Torsion
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease
Twisting
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

42. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Hypospadias
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Transcostal incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

43. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Cortex and medulla
Endoscopy

44. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

45. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism

46. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

47. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Flank incision
IVU
Cryptorchidism
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

48. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Addison's disease

49. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Flank incision
Inguinal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Intercostal incision

50. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cryptorchidism