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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Torsion of the testicle
Postadrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cortex and medulla
Wilms' tumor.

2. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

3. Three types of PKD.
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.

4. What is phimosis?
Endoscopy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Transcostal incision
Circumcision

5. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease

6. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

7. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

8. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision
Transcostal incision
Hypospadias

9. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Transcostal incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

10. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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11. Adrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Testicular cancer

12. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
IVU
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Flank incision

13. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision

14. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

15. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Inguinal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Tissue samples

16. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Urinalysis
Nephrons
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

17. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Inguinal incision
Flank incision

18. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Hypospadias

19. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
Gibson incision
Addison's disease

20. Hypertension and proteinuria
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Postadrenalectomy

21. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

22. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Hypospadias

23. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Inguinal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
IVU

24. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Epispadias.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism

25. Another name for IVU
Twisting
Testicular torsion
Testicular cancer
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

26. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Adrenalectomy
Urinalysis
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Inguinal incision

27. Function of the cortex
Intercostal incision
Adrenal gland
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

28. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
More than one million.
IVU
Lumbar incision

29. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Retrograde urogram
Phimosis

30. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Postadrenalectomy

31. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

32. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Adrenalectomy

33. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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34. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Orchiopexy
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Adrenalectomy

35. What is a KUB?
Tissue samples
Adrenal gland
Testicular cancer
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

36. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Gibson incision.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

37. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Scrotal incision
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

38. MIBG
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

39. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Retrograde urogram

40. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Flank incision
Hypospadias
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

41. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion

42. Excessive thirst and edema.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

43. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Cushing's syndrome

44. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Adrenal gland
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Hypospadias
Flank incision

45. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

46. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Nephrons
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision.

47. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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48. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cushing's syndrome

49. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
End-stage renal disease

50. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Addison's disease
Phimosis
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.