Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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2. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy


3. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
End-stage renal disease
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism


4. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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5. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
Endoscopic removal


6. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Addison's disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


7. Commonly done in a cysto room
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Retrograde urogram
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


8. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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9. KUB stands for?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cortex and medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


10. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopy
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism


11. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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12. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Inguinal incision
More than one million.
Flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


13. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Tissue samples
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


14. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Gibson incision.
Testicular cancer


15. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Gibson incision.
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma


16. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
An enhancement of KUB.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Biopsy
Phimosis


17. Hypertension and proteinuria
End-stage renal disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


18. Another name for IVU
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


19. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Endoscopy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


20. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Addison's disease.
Adrenalectomy


21. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Intercostal incision
Cortex and medulla
Urinalysis


22. PKD
Urinalysis
Polycystic kidney disease
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease


23. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy


24. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Gibson incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


25. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


26. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Adrenalectomy
Phimosis
Postadrenalectomy


27. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma


28. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla


29. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


30. Function of the medulla
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


31. Function of the cortex
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma


32. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


33. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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34. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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35. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Intercostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Postadrenalectomy


36. Torsion
Cushing's syndrome
Twisting
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Biopsy


37. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inguinal incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Hypospadias


38. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Retrograde urogram
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


39. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
IVU


40. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


41. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Hypospadias


42. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.


43. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Testicular cancer
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland


44. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy


45. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


46. The single most important laboratory examination.
Addison's disease
Urinalysis
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Cryptorchidism


47. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Biopsy
Postadrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Scrotal incision


48. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cryptorchidism


49. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Addison's disease


50. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Nephrons
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.