Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


2. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Adrenalectomy


3. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.


4. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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5. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


6. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


7. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Flank incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.


8. Functional units of the kidney
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.


9. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer


10. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Circumcision
Epispadias.
Transcostal incision
More than one million.


11. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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12. Torsion
Epispadias.
Twisting
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Wilms' tumor.


13. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Tissue samples
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Testicular cancer


14. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.
Biopsy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


15. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Cryptorchidism
Tissue samples
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


16. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Addison's disease.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.


17. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Gibson incision
More than one million.


18. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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19. Ellik evacuator
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Scrotal incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


20. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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21. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Gibson incision.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Tissue samples


22. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
End-stage renal disease
Testicular torsion
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


23. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Biopsy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


24. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


25. What is a KUB?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


26. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Hypospadias
Testicular torsion
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Flank incision


27. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy


28. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


29. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Transcostal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Gibson incision


30. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU


31. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


32. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Tissue samples
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Inguinal incision


33. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Addison's disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer


34. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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35. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision.
Transcostal incision
An enhancement of KUB.


36. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma


37. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Adrenalectomy


38. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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39. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Endoscopic removal
Addison's disease
Gibson incision.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


40. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy
Lumbar incision


41. Another name for IVU
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Gibson incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


42. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Circumcision
Wilms' tumor.
Nephrons


43. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Testicular cancer


44. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Nephrons


45. KUB stands for?
Testicular cancer
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


46. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Gibson incision
Testicular torsion


47. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision
Circumcision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


48. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
An enhancement of KUB.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma


49. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
Gibson incision
Wilms' tumor.


50. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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