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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Cushing's syndrome
Testicular torsion
Endoscopic removal
Flank incision

2. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias

3. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cushing's syndrome

4. The single most important laboratory examination.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An enhancement of KUB.
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma

5. What is phimosis?
Cryptorchidism
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

6. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision
An enhancement of KUB.
Wilms' tumor.

7. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Scrotal incision

8. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Circumcision
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

9. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Gibson incision
More than one million.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

10. Adrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

11. Another name for IVU
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Retrograde urogram
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

12. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Circumcision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision

13. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

14. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Intercostal incision

15. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Hypospadias
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

17. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Endoscopy
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.

18. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Addison's disease
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

19. Diagnosis for ESRD
Gibson incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Postadrenalectomy

20. PSA
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Intercostal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

21. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Inguinal incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

22. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Postadrenalectomy
Phimosis

23. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Addison's disease
Retrograde urogram
Hypospadias
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

24. Pheochromacytoma
Lumbar incision
Endoscopy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Scrotal incision

25. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Polycystic kidney disease
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

26. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma

27. Autosomal dominant PKD
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Phimosis
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

28. What is a KUB?
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

29. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Transcostal incision
Flank incision

30. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Wilms' tumor.
Scrotal incision
More than one million.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

31. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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32. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Testicular cancer
Twisting
Endoscopic removal
Lumbar incision

33. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma

34. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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35. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
More than one million.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Urinalysis
Endoscopy

36. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma

37. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision
Transcostal incision

38. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Scrotal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

39. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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40. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

41. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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42. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Endoscopy
Endoscopic removal

43. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Retrograde urogram
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma

44. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease

45. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Phimosis
Orchiopexy
Subcostal flank incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

46. Function of the medulla
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

47. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer

48. Functional units of the kidney
Inguinal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Nephrons
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

49. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Cortex and medulla
Testicular torsion
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Testicular cancer

50. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Addison's disease.