Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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2. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Nephrons
Intercostal incision
More than one million.
Addison's disease


3. Recommended for severe phimosis.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Addison's disease
Nephrons
Circumcision


4. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Subcostal flank incision


5. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Testicular cancer
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


6. Torsion of the testicle
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
End-stage renal disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


7. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Cryptorchidism
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Scrotal incision


8. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Hypospadias
Retrograde urogram
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


9. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Urinalysis
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma


10. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Lumbar incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision.


11. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


12. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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13. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
Testicular torsion
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


14. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Testicular cancer
Orchiopexy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


15. Functional units of the kidney
Orchiopexy
Nephrons
Cortex and medulla
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


16. Flank or lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Adrenal gland
Postadrenalectomy
Cushing's syndrome


17. Injection of a contrast medium.
Scrotal incision
Flank incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
IVU


18. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Lumbar incision
Polycystic kidney disease


19. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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20. KUB stands for?
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


21. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Wilms' tumor.
Biopsy
Adrenalectomy
Transcostal incision


22. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Tissue samples
More than one million.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Flank incision


23. Function of the detrusor muscle
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cushing's syndrome


24. Ellik evacuator
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Cryptorchidism


25. Function of the cortex
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease


26. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease


27. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Addison's disease
Lumbar incision
Endoscopic removal
Postadrenalectomy


28. Torsion
Twisting
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Testicular cancer


29. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.


30. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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31. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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32. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Polycystic kidney disease
Lumbar incision
More than one million.


33. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Gibson incision
Scrotal incision


34. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Cushing's syndrome
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma


35. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Transcostal incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


36. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


37. What is phimosis?
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


38. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenalectomy
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


39. Pheochromacytoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


40. Another name for IVU
Tissue samples
Hypospadias
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


41. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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42. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Cortex and medulla
Lumbar incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Renal cell carcinoma


43. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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44. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy


45. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma


46. What is a KUB?
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Nephrons
Inguinal incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


47. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Inguinal incision


48. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Wilms' tumor.
Urinalysis


49. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
Addison's disease.
Adrenal gland
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


50. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Testicular torsion
Nephrons