Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


2. Flank or lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism
Adrenal gland
End-stage renal disease
Addison's disease


3. Autosomal dominant PKD
Flank incision
An enhancement of KUB.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


4. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Subcostal flank incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


5. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cryptorchidism
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


6. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
End-stage renal disease
Transcostal incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


7. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Biopsy
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma


8. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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9. MIBG
Wilms' tumor.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Subcostal flank incision
Gibson incision.


10. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Cortex and medulla
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


11. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cortex and medulla
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Flank incision
Cryptorchidism


12. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


13. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma


14. Pheochromacytoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular torsion
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


15. Injection of a contrast medium.
Addison's disease.
IVU
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


16. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Postadrenalectomy


17. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis
Testicular torsion


18. What is a KUB?
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


19. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Testicular cancer
Postadrenalectomy


20. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision


21. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Epispadias.


22. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


23. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Phimosis
Transcostal incision


24. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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25. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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26. Torsion of the testicle
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Subcostal flank incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord


27. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.


28. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Gibson incision.
Inguinal incision
Retrograde urogram
Hypospadias


29. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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30. Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


31. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Cryptorchidism
Retrograde urogram
Orchiopexy
Transcostal incision


32. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Tissue samples
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Gibson incision.
Testicular torsion


33. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Phimosis


34. PKD
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Endoscopy
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism


35. Functional units of the kidney
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Nephrons
Flank incision


36. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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37. The single most important laboratory examination.
Gibson incision.
Urinalysis
Flank incision
Retrograde urogram


38. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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39. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Cortex and medulla
Circumcision
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


40. Function of the cortex
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


41. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Testicular cancer
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision


42. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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43. What is phimosis?
Addison's disease.
Adrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inguinal incision


44. Commonly done in a cysto room
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision
Retrograde urogram


45. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


46. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Endoscopic removal
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


47. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Intercostal incision
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma


48. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Subcostal flank incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


49. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Renal cell carcinoma
An enhancement of KUB.
Flank incision
Postadrenalectomy


50. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Transcostal incision
Testicular cancer