Genitourinary Surgery

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1. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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2. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Inguinal incision


3. KUB stands for?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Addison's disease
Gibson incision
Flank incision


4. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Lumbar incision
Cushing's syndrome
Cortex and medulla


5. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
Inguinal incision
Hypospadias


6. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


7. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.


8. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Testicular torsion


9. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
More than one million.
Phimosis
Gibson incision


10. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism


11. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Flank incision


12. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Inguinal incision


13. IVU
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Cortex and medulla
Orchiopexy
An enhancement of KUB.


14. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Postadrenalectomy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


15. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Urinalysis
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Addison's disease


16. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cushing's syndrome
Epispadias.
Endoscopic removal


17. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
Wilms' tumor.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


18. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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19. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


20. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


21. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Hypospadias


22. PSA
Orchiopexy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Inguinal incision


23. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


24. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Adrenal gland
Circumcision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inguinal incision


25. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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26. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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27. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cortex and medulla


28. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cryptorchidism


29. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
IVU
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.


30. Autosomal recessive PKD
Flank incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.


31. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Gibson incision


32. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Orchiopexy
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.


33. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Scrotal incision


34. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


35. Torsion of the testicle
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


36. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Tissue samples
An enhancement of KUB.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


37. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


38. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
End-stage renal disease
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis


39. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Endoscopy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cryptorchidism


40. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
IVU
Intercostal incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease


41. Excessive thirst and edema.
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


42. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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43. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Gibson incision


44. Pheochromacytoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


45. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Circumcision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Flank incision


46. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
Transcostal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


47. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Phimosis
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


48. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer


49. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


50. What is phimosis?
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.