Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Circumcision
Nephrons
Addison's disease
Testicular torsion


2. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Postadrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Scrotal incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


3. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


4. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision


5. Injection of a contrast medium.
Cryptorchidism
IVU
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma


6. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Testicular cancer


7. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
End-stage renal disease
End-stage renal disease


8. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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9. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla
Tissue samples


10. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
An enhancement of KUB.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


11. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Urinalysis
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease


12. Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


13. Commonly done in a cysto room
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Nephrons
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Retrograde urogram


14. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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15. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Cryptorchidism
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Tissue samples


16. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


17. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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18. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer


19. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Addison's disease
Nephrons
More than one million.
Flank incision


20. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Inguinal incision
Adrenal gland
Testicular torsion
Hypospadias


21. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


22. Function of the cortex
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


23. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Postadrenalectomy


24. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


25. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


26. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Polycystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.


27. Diagnosis for ESRD
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


28. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
End-stage renal disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism


29. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Epispadias.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy


30. Excessive thirst and edema.
Postadrenalectomy
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


31. MIBG
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision
Retrograde urogram
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


32. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


33. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
IVU
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cortex and medulla
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


34. PKD
Adrenal gland
Flank incision
Endoscopy
Polycystic kidney disease


35. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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36. What is PKD?
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma


37. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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38. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Orchiopexy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


39. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Postadrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


40. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


41. What is a KUB?
Phimosis
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision


42. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Flank incision


43. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism


44. Retrograde urogram
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Addison's disease.


45. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


46. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Epispadias.
Subcostal flank incision


47. PSA
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
End-stage renal disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma


48. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Gibson incision
More than one million.
Subcostal flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


49. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Adrenal gland


50. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)