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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Biopsy
Adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma

2. Commonly done in a cysto room
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
Retrograde urogram

3. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

4. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Subcostal flank incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Adrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease

5. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Testicular cancer
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

6. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Gibson incision
Inguinal incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma

7. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Polycystic kidney disease

8. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion

9. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Cortex and medulla
Addison's disease
Hypospadias

10. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.
Hypospadias

11. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer

12. Retrograde urogram
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

13. Function of the detrusor muscle
Phimosis
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

14. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Gibson incision.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma

15. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

16. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

17. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

18. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease

19. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

20. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Adrenalectomy
Tissue samples

21. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cryptorchidism

22. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision

23. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Testicular torsion
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopy
Polycystic kidney disease

24. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

25. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
More than one million.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

26. Function of the cortex
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Urinalysis

27. Three types of PKD.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Gibson incision.
Endoscopy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

28. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Phimosis
Gibson incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Circumcision

29. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

30. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis
Phimosis
Addison's disease

31. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

32. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma

33. Function of the medulla
Subcostal flank incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

34. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

35. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

36. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Transcostal incision

37. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Adrenal gland
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Cryptorchidism

38. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Epispadias.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopic removal

39. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular torsion

40. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

41. Autosomal recessive PKD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Subcostal flank incision
Transcostal incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

42. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Transcostal incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism
Epispadias.

43. Functional units of the kidney
Testicular cancer
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Nephrons
Addison's disease.

44. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Cortex and medulla
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An enhancement of KUB.

45. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Cryptorchidism
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.

46. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

47. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Addison's disease

48. Another name for IVU
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

49. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Addison's disease.
An enhancement of KUB.
Scrotal incision

50. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Biopsy