Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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2. Adrenalectomy
Testicular torsion
Addison's disease
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenalectomy


3. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Tissue samples


4. Functional units of the kidney
Orchiopexy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Nephrons
End-stage renal disease


5. Function of the detrusor muscle
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


6. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.


7. What is PKD?
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.


8. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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9. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Circumcision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


10. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism


11. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Testicular torsion
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer


12. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


13. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Postadrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


14. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


15. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Adrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram


16. MIBG
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Endoscopy


17. Retrograde urogram
Intercostal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


18. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Retrograde urogram
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


19. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


20. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Hypospadias


21. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
IVU
Testicular torsion
Flank incision


22. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism
Subcostal flank incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


23. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Intercostal incision
Hypospadias
Urinalysis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


24. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopy
Flank incision


25. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Twisting


26. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Endoscopic removal
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


27. What is phimosis?
Tissue samples
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma


28. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma


29. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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30. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Flank incision
Transcostal incision
Inguinal incision
Scrotal incision


31. Excessive thirst and edema.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cryptorchidism
Scrotal incision


32. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Scrotal incision
Epispadias.


33. The single most important laboratory examination.
Wilms' tumor.
Urinalysis
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


34. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer


35. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular cancer
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


36. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Addison's disease
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


37. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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38. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Addison's disease
Endoscopic removal
End-stage renal disease
Testicular torsion


39. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision
Hypospadias
Transcostal incision


40. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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41. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism


42. Autosomal dominant PKD
Twisting
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cortex and medulla
Adrenal gland


43. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
IVU
Endoscopy
Gibson incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


44. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma


45. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Subcostal flank incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


46. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Circumcision


47. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


48. Another name for IVU
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Adrenal gland


49. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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50. IVU
Twisting of the spermatic cord
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.