Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ellik evacuator
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Endoscopic removal
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


2. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Addison's disease


3. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Lumbar incision
Flank incision
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.


4. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy


5. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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6. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Adrenalectomy
Subcostal flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease


7. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Twisting
IVU
Scrotal incision
Inguinal incision


8. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision
Endoscopy
Addison's disease


9. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Epispadias.
Endoscopy


10. The single most important laboratory examination.
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Intercostal incision
Urinalysis


11. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


12. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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13. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Addison's disease.
Circumcision
Cryptorchidism
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


14. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Intercostal incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


15. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.


16. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
An enhancement of KUB.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


17. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Scrotal incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Adrenal gland


18. Adrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Hypospadias


19. Function of the cortex
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma


20. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


21. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Inguinal incision
Endoscopy
Phimosis
Hypospadias


22. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.


23. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Gibson incision.


24. Torsion of the testicle
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
An enhancement of KUB.
Circumcision
Twisting of the spermatic cord


25. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
End-stage renal disease
Transcostal incision
Adrenalectomy


26. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy


27. IVU
Retrograde urogram
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
An enhancement of KUB.


28. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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29. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias


30. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Lumbar incision
Retrograde urogram


31. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism


32. Best for nonmalignant masses.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Retrograde urogram
Endoscopic removal
Cortex and medulla


33. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Intercostal incision
Inguinal incision
Addison's disease.


34. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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35. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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36. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Orchiopexy
Subcostal flank incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Phimosis


37. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


38. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


39. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Hypospadias
Hypospadias
Postadrenalectomy


40. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Urinalysis
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


41. Commonly done in a cysto room
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease


42. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy


43. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Inguinal incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


44. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Tissue samples
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular torsion
Adrenalectomy


45. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Adrenalectomy
Nephrons
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


46. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


47. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


48. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Inguinal incision
More than one million.


49. Torsion
Endoscopic removal
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Twisting


50. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Phimosis
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.