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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Epispadias.

2. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

3. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Postadrenalectomy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
End-stage renal disease

4. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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5. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Intercostal incision

6. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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7. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
More than one million.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

8. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

9. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Phimosis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

10. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Urinalysis
Orchiopexy
Cryptorchidism

11. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Testicular torsion
Adrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Inguinal incision

12. What is a KUB?
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

13. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

14. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Tissue samples
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

15. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
IVU
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

16. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Flank incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
End-stage renal disease

17. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer

18. Excessive thirst and edema.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Intercostal incision
Phimosis
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

19. Function of the medulla
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

20. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Epispadias.
Scrotal incision

21. Function of the cortex
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Endoscopic removal
Cortex and medulla

22. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Retrograde urogram
Adrenalectomy

23. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

24. MIBG
Testicular torsion
Epispadias.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

25. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism

26. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy
Testicular torsion

27. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Epispadias.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Transcostal incision

28. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Addison's disease
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
IVU

29. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

30. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision
Twisting
Addison's disease

31. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Flank incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

32. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Adrenalectomy

33. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Testicular cancer
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

34. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Phimosis
Adrenalectomy
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

35. What is PKD?
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Subcostal flank incision

36. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Hypospadias
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

37. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Epispadias.
Endoscopic removal
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

38. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

39. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy

40. Functional units of the kidney
Adrenalectomy
Postadrenalectomy
An enhancement of KUB.
Nephrons

41. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

42. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Cortex and medulla
Subcostal flank incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

43. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Orchiopexy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer

44. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Wilms' tumor.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy

45. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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46. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
More than one million.

47. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Inguinal incision
Subcostal flank incision
Endoscopy
Wilms' tumor.

48. Three types of PKD.
Cushing's syndrome
Cortex and medulla
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.

49. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

50. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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