Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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2. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Hypospadias
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


3. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Transcostal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


4. PKD
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Orchiopexy
Polycystic kidney disease


5. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Hypospadias
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


6. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Nephrons
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


7. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Urinalysis
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cryptorchidism


8. Torsion
Wilms' tumor.
Transcostal incision
Twisting
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


9. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Flank incision


10. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer


11. Pheochromacytoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


12. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
End-stage renal disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma


13. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy


14. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Orchiopexy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Endoscopy


15. Flank or lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease
Adrenal gland
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


16. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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17. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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18. What is phimosis?
End-stage renal disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Adrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


19. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Addison's disease
Circumcision


20. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease


21. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


22. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Inguinal incision
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism


23. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Tissue samples
Circumcision


24. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inguinal incision
An enhancement of KUB.
Endoscopic removal


25. Autosomal recessive PKD
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Subcostal flank incision


26. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma


27. Hypertension and proteinuria
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


28. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Addison's disease


29. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


30. Retrograde urogram
An enhancement of KUB.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Addison's disease.
Wilms' tumor.


31. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


32. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Addison's disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Phimosis


33. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Nephrons
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


34. Commonly done in a cysto room
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer
Retrograde urogram


35. Ellik evacuator
Adrenalectomy
Phimosis
Flank incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


36. KUB stands for?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
An enhancement of KUB.


37. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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38. Excessive thirst and edema.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Wilms' tumor.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


39. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
End-stage renal disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Endoscopy
Testicular cancer


40. Two portions of the adrenal gland
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Circumcision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cortex and medulla


41. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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42. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision


43. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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44. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer
Intercostal incision
Gibson incision


45. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy


46. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.


47. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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48. Autosomal dominant PKD
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Circumcision
Inguinal incision


49. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Gibson incision
Lumbar incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


50. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons
Hypospadias