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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular cancer
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cortex and medulla

2. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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3. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Cryptorchidism
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Twisting

4. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
Testicular cancer
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

5. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Circumcision
Cryptorchidism
Cortex and medulla

6. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer

7. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease
Retrograde urogram
Lumbar incision

8. Another name for IVU
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

9. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

10. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism

11. What is phimosis?
Transcostal incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

12. What is PKD?
Hypospadias
Inguinal incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Tissue samples

13. The single most important laboratory examination.
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Urinalysis

14. Ellik evacuator
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

15. Three types of PKD.
Gibson incision.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision

17. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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18. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
End-stage renal disease
Retrograde urogram

19. Pheochromacytoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

20. Flank or lumbar incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Adrenal gland

21. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Biopsy
Endoscopic removal

22. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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23. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopic removal
Lumbar incision

24. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Phimosis

25. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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26. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Tissue samples
Urinalysis
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Wilms' tumor.

27. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Retrograde urogram
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Addison's disease

28. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenalectomy

29. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.

30. Commonly done in a cysto room
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Retrograde urogram
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

31. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Intercostal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord

32. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.

33. Adrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
Twisting of the spermatic cord
End-stage renal disease
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

34. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Biopsy
Testicular torsion
Postadrenalectomy

35. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopy
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland

36. Functional units of the kidney
Tissue samples
End-stage renal disease
Postadrenalectomy
Nephrons

37. Autosomal dominant PKD
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Hypospadias
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

38. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

39. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Cortex and medulla
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram

40. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Twisting
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Cortex and medulla

41. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Endoscopy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenalectomy
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

42. Recommended for severe phimosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Biopsy
Circumcision

43. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Biopsy

44. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy

45. Function of the detrusor muscle
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

46. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

47. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease.

48. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Polycystic kidney disease
Scrotal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Intercostal incision

49. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cortex and medulla
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma

50. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy