Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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2. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
More than one million.


3. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Biopsy
Polycystic kidney disease
Adrenal gland


4. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma


5. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Scrotal incision
Testicular torsion
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


6. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
More than one million.
Flank incision
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


7. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


8. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.


9. Diagnosis for ESRD
Addison's disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


10. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Scrotal incision
Epispadias.
Orchiopexy


11. The single most important laboratory examination.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Urinalysis
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Addison's disease


12. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


13. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


14. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
Tissue samples
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


15. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Biopsy


16. Another name for IVU
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma


17. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Gibson incision.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Testicular cancer
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


18. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Addison's disease


19. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Testicular torsion
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy


20. IVU
Biopsy
Cortex and medulla
Testicular torsion
An enhancement of KUB.


21. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Orchiopexy


22. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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23. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Orchiopexy
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


24. What is PKD?
Cryptorchidism
Tissue samples
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


25. Autosomal dominant PKD
Testicular cancer
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
IVU
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


26. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
More than one million.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Orchiopexy


27. Hypertension and proteinuria
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


28. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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29. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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30. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Urinalysis
Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


31. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma


32. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


33. Injection of a contrast medium.
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
IVU
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


34. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


35. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
IVU


36. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Scrotal incision
Lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism


37. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Postadrenalectomy
More than one million.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma


38. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis
Testicular cancer
Cushing's syndrome


39. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Retrograde urogram
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism


40. What is phimosis?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
End-stage renal disease
Inguinal incision


41. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.


42. Torsion
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Twisting
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Endoscopy


43. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Hypospadias
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


44. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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45. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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46. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Gibson incision
Orchiopexy
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


47. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.


48. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Endoscopy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Biopsy


49. Pheochromacytoma
Cryptorchidism
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy


50. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Testicular torsion
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.