Genitourinary Surgery

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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The single most important laboratory examination.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Urinalysis
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


2. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Orchiopexy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


3. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma


4. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
End-stage renal disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Testicular cancer


5. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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6. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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7. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


8. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


9. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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10. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma


11. Severely decreased or no urine output.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Gibson incision.


12. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


13. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


14. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Endoscopic removal
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Tissue samples


15. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
Circumcision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


16. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Inguinal incision


17. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Hypospadias
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


18. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
IVU
Wilms' tumor.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


19. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Transcostal incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Circumcision


20. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Testicular cancer
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer


21. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Scrotal incision
Adrenal gland
Subcostal flank incision
Postadrenalectomy


22. What is phimosis?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Addison's disease


23. Function of the detrusor muscle
Testicular torsion
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Transcostal incision


24. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Twisting
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


25. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Testicular torsion
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


26. Another name for IVU
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease


27. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Biopsy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.


28. MIBG
Transcostal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Hypospadias


29. PKD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Polycystic kidney disease


30. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Addison's disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer


31. Autosomal dominant PKD
Subcostal flank incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


32. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Flank incision


33. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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34. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism


35. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


36. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


37. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Epispadias.
End-stage renal disease


38. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Nephrons
End-stage renal disease
Transcostal incision
Gibson incision


39. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Gibson incision.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cryptorchidism


40. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion


41. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Endoscopy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


42. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Flank incision
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease


43. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Addison's disease
Gibson incision.


44. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Gibson incision.
Subcostal flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


45. KUB stands for?
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cryptorchidism


46. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


47. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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48. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Nephrons
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease


49. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Addison's disease.
Scrotal incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cortex and medulla


50. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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