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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.

2. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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3. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Transcostal incision

4. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision

5. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

6. Hypertension and proteinuria
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
More than one million.

7. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy

8. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Wilms' tumor.
Cortex and medulla
Inguinal incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

9. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision
Flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

10. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Nephrons
End-stage renal disease

11. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

12. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
End-stage renal disease
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

13. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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14. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Intercostal incision
Postadrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer

15. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Addison's disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Transcostal incision

17. KUB stands for?
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Phimosis

18. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

19. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision

20. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Testicular cancer
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma

21. Torsion
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cryptorchidism
Twisting
Cushing's syndrome

22. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Addison's disease.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Polycystic kidney disease

23. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision

24. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

25. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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26. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
End-stage renal disease
Postadrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Flank incision

27. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Gibson incision.
Cryptorchidism
Epispadias.
Hypospadias

28. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Addison's disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

29. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Postadrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism

30. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Testicular torsion

31. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Inguinal incision
Orchiopexy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

32. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Gibson incision.
Subcostal flank incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

33. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Intercostal incision
Testicular cancer
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy

34. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Postadrenalectomy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

35. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Gibson incision
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

36. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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37. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Polycystic kidney disease
Tissue samples
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

38. Ellik evacuator
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease
Retrograde urogram
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

39. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Hypospadias
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Circumcision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

40. What is phimosis?
Urinalysis
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopic removal
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

41. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Gibson incision

42. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Endoscopic removal
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.

43. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Adrenal gland
End-stage renal disease

44. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

45. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Inguinal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Orchiopexy
Epispadias.

46. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Transcostal incision

47. Function of the detrusor muscle
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

48. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Hypospadias
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Flank incision

49. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

50. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.