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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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1. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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2. Commonly done in a cysto room
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram
Cushing's syndrome

3. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
End-stage renal disease
Lumbar incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma

4. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.

5. Flank or lumbar incision
Addison's disease.
Scrotal incision
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland

6. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Transcostal incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer
Tissue samples

7. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion

8. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.

9. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Adrenal gland
Postadrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
Adrenalectomy

10. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Biopsy
Adrenalectomy
Circumcision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

11. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Addison's disease
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenalectomy

12. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

13. The single most important laboratory examination.
Polycystic kidney disease
Urinalysis
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease

14. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Tissue samples

15. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Torsion
Adrenal gland
Twisting
Wilms' tumor.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

17. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopy
End-stage renal disease
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

18. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

19. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Twisting
Lumbar incision
Cortex and medulla
Inguinal incision

20. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
IVU

21. What is phimosis?
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision

22. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

23. Ellik evacuator
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Flank incision
Testicular torsion
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

24. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Hypospadias
Postadrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

25. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

26. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Gibson incision
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision

27. Acquired cystic kidney disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Tissue samples
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Wilms' tumor.

28. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Intercostal incision
More than one million.
Phimosis

29. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Flank incision
Orchiopexy
Scrotal incision

30. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

31. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion
Twisting
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

32. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Scrotal incision
Subcostal flank incision

33. Pheochromacytoma
More than one million.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

34. Hypertension and proteinuria
Adrenal gland
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

35. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease

36. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Cryptorchidism
Twisting
Cryptorchidism
Subcostal flank incision

37. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer

38. Function of the detrusor muscle
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

39. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Addison's disease
Circumcision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

40. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Cortex and medulla
Testicular torsion
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

41. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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42. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

43. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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44. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Addison's disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
End-stage renal disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

45. Functional units of the kidney
Testicular cancer
Nephrons
Subcostal flank incision
An enhancement of KUB.

46. PSA
Lumbar incision
Postadrenalectomy
Twisting
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

47. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Subcostal flank incision

48. What is PKD?
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Inguinal incision

49. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Testicular cancer
Cushing's syndrome
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Phimosis

50. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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