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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

2. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

3. Injection of a contrast medium.
Endoscopy
IVU
Wilms' tumor.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

4. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Gibson incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Cryptorchidism
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

5. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Tissue samples
Retrograde urogram
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

6. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

7. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

8. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

9. Hypertension and proteinuria
Cryptorchidism
Phimosis
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Subcostal flank incision

10. Another name for IVU
Inguinal incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma

11. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Wilms' tumor.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Orchiopexy
Gibson incision

12. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

13. Function of the detrusor muscle
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Cryptorchidism

14. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

15. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Testicular torsion
Hypospadias
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Twisting

16. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy

17. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Inguinal incision
Gibson incision.

18. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision

19. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer

20. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cushing's syndrome

21. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Cortex and medulla
Scrotal incision
Cryptorchidism
Epispadias.

22. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Tissue samples
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

23. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Tissue samples
An enhancement of KUB.

24. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Lumbar incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Wilms' tumor.

25. Torsion of the testicle
More than one million.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cryptorchidism
Intercostal incision

26. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma

27. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Cushing's syndrome
Lumbar incision
Urinalysis
Adrenalectomy

28. What is phimosis?
Adrenalectomy
Biopsy
Orchiopexy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

29. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Adrenal gland
Transcostal incision

30. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

31. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease

32. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision

33. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease
Orchiopexy
Biopsy

34. What is PKD?
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

35. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopic removal
Addison's disease
Endoscopy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

36. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Flank incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

37. Functional units of the kidney
Adrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Biopsy
Nephrons

38. PKD
Adrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease
An enhancement of KUB.
Wilms' tumor.

39. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Endoscopic removal
Testicular cancer
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Lumbar incision

40. Pheochromacytoma
Adrenal gland
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Retrograde urogram
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

41. KUB stands for?
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma

42. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Biopsy

43. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Flank incision
More than one million.
Biopsy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

44. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Postadrenalectomy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

45. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.

46. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular torsion
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

47. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
More than one million.
Tissue samples

48. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Addison's disease
Flank incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

49. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Testicular torsion
Inguinal incision

50. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.