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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Cortex and medulla
Lumbar incision

2. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Hypospadias
Addison's disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Nephrons

3. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
End-stage renal disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Phimosis

4. Function of the medulla
Adrenalectomy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Wilms' tumor.

5. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism

6. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.

7. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

8. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Endoscopy
Flank incision

9. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis

10. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

11. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Wilms' tumor.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Addison's disease

12. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
More than one million.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

13. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Testicular cancer
Orchiopexy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Wilms' tumor.

14. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

15. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

16. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

17. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Endoscopy
Cushing's syndrome
Adrenalectomy

18. KUB stands for?
Retrograde urogram
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

19. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

20. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

21. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Addison's disease
Addison's disease
Flank incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

22. Torsion
Endoscopy
Twisting
Gibson incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

23. PKD
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision
Flank incision

24. Torsion of the testicle
Flank incision
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

25. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Inguinal incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Subcostal flank incision

26. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Testicular torsion
Biopsy

27. IVU
Tissue samples
An enhancement of KUB.
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.

28. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism

29. Another name for IVU
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

30. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

31. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Orchiopexy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

32. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

33. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Cushing's syndrome
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
More than one million.
Epispadias.

34. The single most important laboratory examination.
End-stage renal disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Urinalysis
Adrenalectomy

35. Function of the detrusor muscle
Adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inguinal incision

36. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Scrotal incision

37. Hypertension and proteinuria
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

38. Retrograde urogram
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

39. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Nephrons
Addison's disease

40. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Lumbar incision
Testicular torsion
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism

41. Excessive thirst and edema.
Lumbar incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

42. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Gibson incision.
Tissue samples
Phimosis
Retrograde urogram

43. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Biopsy
Orchiopexy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Gibson incision

44. Commonly done in a cysto room
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Adrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram

45. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Subcostal flank incision
Orchiopexy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Endoscopic removal

46. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease

47. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Scrotal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

48. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Biopsy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease

49. Injection of a contrast medium.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.

50. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
More than one million.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cryptorchidism