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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Tissue samples

2. Ellik evacuator
An enhancement of KUB.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Testicular torsion

3. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Inguinal incision
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

4. What is PKD?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Biopsy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Orchiopexy

5. Function of the cortex
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Postadrenalectomy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

6. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Wilms' tumor.

7. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Urinalysis
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma

8. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Circumcision
End-stage renal disease
Adrenal gland
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

9. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy

10. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

11. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

12. Torsion of the testicle
Testicular torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Transcostal incision
Epispadias.

13. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Testicular cancer
Circumcision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cryptorchidism

14. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Orchiopexy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

15. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Subcostal flank incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Cryptorchidism

16. Excessive thirst and edema.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

17. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Adrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

18. Diagnosis for ESRD
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

19. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

20. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease.
Biopsy

21. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Hypospadias
Inguinal incision

22. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
An enhancement of KUB.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Testicular cancer

23. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Endoscopy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Cryptorchidism

24. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion

25. Functional units of the kidney
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

26. IVU
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
An enhancement of KUB.

27. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Hypospadias
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Subcostal flank incision

28. PSA
Tissue samples
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

29. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Hypospadias

30. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopic removal
Tissue samples
Subcostal flank incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

31. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Hypospadias

32. Injection of a contrast medium.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Hypospadias
Testicular torsion
IVU

33. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.

34. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cushing's syndrome

35. Function of the medulla
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Wilms' tumor.

36. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision
Inguinal incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

37. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Endoscopic removal
Cryptorchidism
Circumcision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

38. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Inguinal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease

39. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
IVU
Testicular cancer
Circumcision

40. KUB stands for?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

41. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

42. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

43. Pheochromacytoma
Transcostal incision
Twisting
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

44. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

45. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Biopsy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

46. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision

47. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Lumbar incision
An enhancement of KUB.
Inguinal incision

48. Torsion
Twisting
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

49. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
An enhancement of KUB.

50. Retrograde urogram
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma