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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Pheochromacytoma
Gibson incision.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Cryptorchidism

2. The single most important laboratory examination.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis
Circumcision

3. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Intercostal incision

4. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Addison's disease
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

5. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Circumcision

6. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
An enhancement of KUB.
Transcostal incision
Circumcision

7. What is phimosis?
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Gibson incision.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

8. Autosomal dominant PKD
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.
Urinalysis
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

9. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy

10. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

11. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

12. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Circumcision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

13. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer

14. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
An enhancement of KUB.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Scrotal incision
Adrenalectomy

15. Torsion of the testicle
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Gibson incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

16. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

17. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Circumcision
Urinalysis
Inguinal incision

18. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Endoscopy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

19. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Nephrons

20. KUB stands for?
Wilms' tumor.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Urinalysis
End-stage renal disease

21. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease

22. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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23. PSA
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Tissue samples

24. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Postadrenalectomy
Adrenal gland

25. Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Testicular cancer
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

26. Three types of PKD.
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Gibson incision
Renal cell carcinoma

27. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
End-stage renal disease

28. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Addison's disease.
Cryptorchidism

29. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision

30. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

31. Flank or lumbar incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Adrenal gland
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

32. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU

33. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Postadrenalectomy

34. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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35. Acquired cystic kidney disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Flank incision

36. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

37. Torsion
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Twisting
Epispadias.

38. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision.

39. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma

40. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Addison's disease
More than one million.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Flank incision

41. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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42. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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43. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Cushing's syndrome
Phimosis

44. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Orchiopexy
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

45. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Gibson incision.

46. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Adrenalectomy
Phimosis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Gibson incision

47. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Endoscopic removal
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Adrenal gland

48. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

49. Function of the detrusor muscle
Postadrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

50. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Biopsy
Flank incision
Transcostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.