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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

2. Injection of a contrast medium.
Orchiopexy
IVU
Polycystic kidney disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

3. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Hypospadias
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

4. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

5. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Inguinal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Addison's disease

6. Function of the cortex
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

7. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Scrotal incision

8. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Gibson incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision

9. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Lumbar incision
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer
Phimosis

10. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Circumcision
Transcostal incision

11. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Circumcision
Tissue samples
More than one million.
Wilms' tumor.

12. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy

13. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
Scrotal incision

14. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

15. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Addison's disease.
Cryptorchidism
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Inguinal incision

16. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Retrograde urogram
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

17. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Urinalysis

18. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Gibson incision
Addison's disease
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma

19. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

20. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Endoscopic removal

21. Torsion of the testicle
Addison's disease
Twisting of the spermatic cord
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Epispadias.

22. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Addison's disease
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Wilms' tumor.

23. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Endoscopic removal
Postadrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease

24. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

25. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

26. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Subcostal flank incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
An enhancement of KUB.
Scrotal incision

27. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

28. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
End-stage renal disease

29. Ellik evacuator
Intercostal incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Endoscopic removal
Testicular cancer

30. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

31. Commonly done in a cysto room
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Twisting
Retrograde urogram

32. Hypertension and proteinuria
Endoscopic removal
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

33. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis

34. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Inguinal incision

35. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy

36. IVU
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
An enhancement of KUB.
Endoscopy

37. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

38. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

39. What is phimosis?
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopic removal
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

40. Function of the detrusor muscle
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

41. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Endoscopy
Twisting
Testicular torsion
Cushing's syndrome

42. Retrograde urogram
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

43. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Adrenalectomy

44. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
More than one million.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma

45. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Cushing's syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma

46. Adrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Endoscopy

47. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Phimosis
Flank incision

48. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Scrotal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy

49. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Flank incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

50. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma