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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Function of the medulla
End-stage renal disease
Lumbar incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

2. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

3. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

4. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Retrograde urogram

5. KUB stands for?
Flank incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Testicular cancer
Retrograde urogram

6. Excessive thirst and edema.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

7. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Gibson incision
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland

8. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Circumcision

9. The single most important laboratory examination.
Inguinal incision
Urinalysis
Endoscopic removal
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

10. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Intercostal incision
Phimosis
Orchiopexy
Flank incision

11. Autosomal recessive PKD
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

12. Three types of PKD.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma

13. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Epispadias.
Intercostal incision

14. Injection of a contrast medium.
Biopsy
End-stage renal disease
Lumbar incision
IVU

15. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

16. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Epispadias.
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

17. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Cortex and medulla
Gibson incision
Cryptorchidism

18. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

19. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
End-stage renal disease

20. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

21. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

22. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

23. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Testicular cancer

24. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Postadrenalectomy
Addison's disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

25. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Lumbar incision
Hypospadias
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

26. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Cushing's syndrome
Circumcision
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

27. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Tissue samples
Cryptorchidism
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Adrenalectomy

28. What is PKD?
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

29. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

30. Commonly done in a cysto room
Polycystic kidney disease
Retrograde urogram
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma

31. Acquired cystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

32. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Twisting
Adrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

33. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease
Intercostal incision
Cryptorchidism

34. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Endoscopic removal
Testicular cancer
Tissue samples
Hypospadias

35. Diagnosis for ESRD
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Wilms' tumor.

36. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Nephrons
Adrenalectomy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism

37. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Addison's disease
Addison's disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion

38. Function of the cortex
Flank incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord

39. MIBG
Inguinal incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease

40. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Hypospadias
Flank incision
Twisting
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

41. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Flank incision

42. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Wilms' tumor.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting

43. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

44. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

45. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

46. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
Polycystic kidney disease

47. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Endoscopic removal
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

48. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
An enhancement of KUB.
Urinalysis

49. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Tissue samples
Addison's disease

50. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Hypospadias
IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).