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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

2. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Postadrenalectomy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

3. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

4. Functional units of the kidney
Retrograde urogram
Nephrons
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

5. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

6. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Orchiopexy

7. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

8. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Inguinal incision

9. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma

10. Torsion of the testicle
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
IVU

11. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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12. Autosomal recessive PKD
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Intercostal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

13. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Adrenalectomy

14. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Testicular torsion
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.

15. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
More than one million.
Intercostal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord

16. Function of the cortex
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision
Urinalysis
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

17. Hypertension and proteinuria
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma

18. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
Endoscopic removal

19. What is phimosis?
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Wilms' tumor.

20. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Hypospadias
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Phimosis
Cryptorchidism

21. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
Wilms' tumor.
Epispadias.

22. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Nephrons

23. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Gibson incision.
Hypospadias
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism

24. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma

25. KUB stands for?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Hypospadias
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

26. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Addison's disease.
Retrograde urogram
Gibson incision

27. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Hypospadias

28. Retrograde urogram
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Phimosis
Addison's disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

29. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

30. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Adrenal gland
Biopsy
Cortex and medulla

31. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cortex and medulla
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cushing's syndrome

32. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

33. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

34. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision
Addison's disease

35. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
End-stage renal disease

36. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Addison's disease.
Adrenalectomy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

37. The single most important laboratory examination.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Urinalysis
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

38. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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39. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
More than one million.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
An enhancement of KUB.
Adrenalectomy

40. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

41. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Testicular torsion
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

42. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

43. Excessive thirst and edema.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Gibson incision.
Epispadias.

44. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Wilms' tumor.

45. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

46. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma

47. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Adrenalectomy
Scrotal incision
Circumcision
Addison's disease.

48. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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49. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

50. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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