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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
An enhancement of KUB.

2. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
More than one million.
Adrenalectomy

3. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias

4. Function of the detrusor muscle
Addison's disease
Nephrons
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Twisting

5. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

6. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Intercostal incision
Wilms' tumor.

7. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Hypospadias

8. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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9. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma

10. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.

11. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
End-stage renal disease
Addison's disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Subcostal flank incision

12. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision

13. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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14. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Biopsy

15. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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16. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Orchiopexy
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma

17. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Gibson incision
Epispadias.

18. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision
Phimosis

19. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

20. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Wilms' tumor.
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism

21. IVU
Testicular cancer
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
An enhancement of KUB.

22. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Biopsy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Cortex and medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

23. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer

24. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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25. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma

26. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Lumbar incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Intercostal incision

27. Function of the medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

28. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Hypospadias
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Testicular cancer

29. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Hypospadias
Intercostal incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

30. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopic removal
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Intercostal incision

31. Excessive thirst and edema.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Adrenal gland
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Tissue samples

32. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Postadrenalectomy

33. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Nephrons
Orchiopexy
Urinalysis
Cryptorchidism

34. Recommended for severe phimosis.
End-stage renal disease
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Adrenalectomy
Circumcision

35. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Orchiopexy
Inguinal incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma

36. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Endoscopy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Lumbar incision
Orchiopexy

37. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

38. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

39. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
More than one million.
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma

40. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
Testicular cancer
IVU
Cushing's syndrome

41. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

42. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

43. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Urinalysis

44. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

45. Functional units of the kidney
Lumbar incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma

46. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Flank incision
Gibson incision.
Cryptorchidism

47. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

48. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Biopsy
Gibson incision.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

49. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Urinalysis
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision

50. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Testicular cancer
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.