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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

2. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Tissue samples
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma
An enhancement of KUB.

3. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Testicular torsion

4. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Wilms' tumor.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Scrotal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

5. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Tissue samples
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

6. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Tissue samples
Phimosis
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma

7. Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
IVU

8. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer

9. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Testicular torsion
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision
Phimosis

10. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

11. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
More than one million.
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

12. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
Endoscopy

13. Two portions of the adrenal gland
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cortex and medulla
Nephrons
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

14. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

15. Another name for IVU
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Retrograde urogram

16. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Testicular cancer
More than one million.

17. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Hypospadias
IVU
Testicular cancer

18. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Twisting
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Flank incision

19. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Wilms' tumor.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

20. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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21. KUB stands for?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis

22. Function of the detrusor muscle
Hypospadias
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism

23. Torsion
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Lumbar incision
Cortex and medulla
Twisting

24. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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25. PSA
Gibson incision
Subcostal flank incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma

26. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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27. Diagnosis for ESRD
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

28. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Adrenal gland
Hypospadias
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.

29. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Wilms' tumor.
Tissue samples
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism

30. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

31. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
An enhancement of KUB.
Orchiopexy

32. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Testicular torsion
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopic removal

33. Retrograde urogram
Circumcision
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

34. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.

35. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Testicular cancer
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Inguinal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

36. Injection of a contrast medium.
Polycystic kidney disease
Adrenalectomy
IVU
Nephrons

37. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Wilms' tumor.

38. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

39. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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40. Hypertension and proteinuria
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Phimosis

41. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Endoscopy
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

42. Flank or lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease.

43. Function of the cortex
Cushing's syndrome
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

44. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Gibson incision.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

45. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Subcostal flank incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

46. Best for nonmalignant masses.
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopic removal
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision.

47. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

48. Two treatment options for ESRD.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy
Lumbar incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

49. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Twisting
Cryptorchidism

50. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision