Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Hypospadias
An enhancement of KUB.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Postadrenalectomy


2. PKD
Tissue samples
Polycystic kidney disease
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma


3. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Inguinal incision
Flank incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cryptorchidism


4. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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5. The single most important laboratory examination.
Orchiopexy
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis
Inguinal incision


6. Another name for IVU
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


7. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Cushing's syndrome


8. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Gibson incision.
Tissue samples
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma


9. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Postadrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Addison's disease.


10. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision


11. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Orchiopexy
Cushing's syndrome
Cryptorchidism


12. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


13. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


14. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Flank incision
Retrograde urogram
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


15. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
Adrenalectomy


16. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Circumcision
IVU


17. KUB stands for?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
IVU
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Gibson incision.


18. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular cancer


19. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Tissue samples
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


20. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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21. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Twisting
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopy
Subcostal flank incision


22. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
An enhancement of KUB.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Addison's disease
Lumbar incision


23. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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24. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Inguinal incision
Hypospadias
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma


25. What is phimosis?
Urinalysis
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


26. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


27. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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28. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Urinalysis
Retrograde urogram


29. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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30. Flank or lumbar incision
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland
Circumcision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


31. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cortex and medulla


32. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cryptorchidism
Epispadias.


33. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
End-stage renal disease


34. Torsion
Testicular cancer
Twisting
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


35. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Nephrons
Testicular torsion
More than one million.


36. Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Lumbar incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


37. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Phimosis
Testicular cancer


38. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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39. Ellik evacuator
Wilms' tumor.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Gibson incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


40. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Twisting
Inguinal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular cancer


41. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Phimosis
Twisting


42. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Urinalysis
Flank incision


43. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


44. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Subcostal flank incision


45. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Inguinal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Cushing's syndrome
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


46. Excessive thirst and edema.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Urinalysis
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Addison's disease


47. What is a KUB?
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Addison's disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


48. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Flank incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


49. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease.


50. PSA
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.