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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Tissue samples
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

2. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Hypospadias

3. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism

4. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma

5. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

6. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Tissue samples
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Postadrenalectomy

7. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Inguinal incision
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism

8. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Phimosis
Testicular cancer
An enhancement of KUB.

9. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

10. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Postadrenalectomy
Hypospadias
Addison's disease

11. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

12. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla

13. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
Testicular cancer

14. Torsion
Lumbar incision
Twisting
An enhancement of KUB.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

15. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Flank incision
Hypospadias
Addison's disease
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

16. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

17. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

18. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma

19. IVU
Twisting
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

20. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Transcostal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

21. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Testicular cancer
Circumcision
Addison's disease

22. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.

23. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Flank incision
Addison's disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

24. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma

25. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

26. PKD
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Nephrons

27. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Adrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Intercostal incision

28. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

29. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Endoscopic removal

30. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

31. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Inguinal incision
IVU
Intercostal incision

32. Autosomal dominant PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

33. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

34. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

35. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Gibson incision
Subcostal flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Postadrenalectomy

36. Three types of PKD.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

37. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma

38. Torsion of the testicle
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

39. MIBG
End-stage renal disease
More than one million.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

40. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Renal cell carcinoma

41. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma

42. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma

43. What is a KUB?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cryptorchidism
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Flank incision

44. Adrenalectomy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Nephrons
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

45. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.

46. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

47. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Addison's disease.

48. PSA
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

49. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

50. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Flank incision
Inguinal incision
Transcostal incision
Nephrons