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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma

2. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Orchiopexy
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

3. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Transcostal incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Postadrenalectomy

4. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Postadrenalectomy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Lumbar incision

5. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

6. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Endoscopic removal
Transcostal incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Hypospadias

7. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Cortex and medulla
Intercostal incision
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma

8. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
Phimosis
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

9. Excessive thirst and edema.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Gibson incision.

10. The single most important laboratory examination.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Subcostal flank incision
Urinalysis

11. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism

12. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

13. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Endoscopy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer

14. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

15. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Nephrons
Inguinal incision
An enhancement of KUB.

16. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Cortex and medulla
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

17. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Urinalysis

18. Flank or lumbar incision
Cushing's syndrome
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.

19. Another name for IVU
Orchiopexy
Phimosis
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

20. Two treatment options for ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Gibson incision.
An enhancement of KUB.

21. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

22. Function of the cortex
Endoscopy
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

23. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Cryptorchidism
Biopsy
Flank incision
Inguinal incision

24. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

25. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Cortex and medulla

26. KUB stands for?
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Retrograde urogram
Tissue samples

27. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular cancer
Postadrenalectomy

28. Injection of a contrast medium.
Orchiopexy
Gibson incision.
IVU
Tissue samples

29. Torsion
Flank incision
Twisting
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

30. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Inguinal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

31. Function of the medulla
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular torsion
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Addison's disease.

32. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Cortex and medulla
Orchiopexy
Tissue samples
Subcostal flank incision

33. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Epispadias.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

34. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Addison's disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Epispadias.

35. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Adrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram

36. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

37. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Scrotal incision

38. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Twisting
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism

39. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

40. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Addison's disease.
Flank incision
Epispadias.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

41. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision

42. Functional units of the kidney
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Adrenalectomy
Nephrons
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

43. MIBG
Addison's disease.
Orchiopexy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

44. Torsion of the testicle
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

45. What is phimosis?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Wilms' tumor.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

46. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

47. PKD
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Inguinal incision
Polycystic kidney disease

48. PSA
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease

49. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Adrenalectomy

50. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Biopsy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
More than one million.