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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Testicular cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer

2. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenal gland
Scrotal incision
Lumbar incision

3. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples

4. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Postadrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
End-stage renal disease
An enhancement of KUB.

5. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
IVU
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease

6. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision

7. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Intercostal incision
Endoscopic removal

8. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis

9. Retrograde urogram
Gibson incision.
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

10. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.

11. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.

12. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Subcostal flank incision
Scrotal incision

13. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

14. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Endoscopy
Addison's disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

15. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

16. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision

17. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

18. Function of the medulla
An enhancement of KUB.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

19. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision

20. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
End-stage renal disease
Phimosis
Flank incision

21. MIBG
Endoscopy
End-stage renal disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

22. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision
Addison's disease

23. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Adrenalectomy

24. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Epispadias.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Lumbar incision

25. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
End-stage renal disease
Biopsy
Testicular torsion

26. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

27. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Epispadias.

28. Pheochromacytoma
Tissue samples
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

29. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Urinalysis

30. Function of the cortex
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

31. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Lumbar incision

32. Commonly done in a cysto room
Transcostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram
Lumbar incision

33. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Tissue samples
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Hypospadias
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

34. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
IVU
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

35. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

36. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Tissue samples
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma

37. Function of the detrusor muscle
More than one million.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision

38. Torsion
Addison's disease
Urinalysis
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Twisting

39. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Phimosis

40. Best for nonmalignant masses.
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopic removal
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.

41. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy

42. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Inguinal incision
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples

43. The single most important laboratory examination.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

44. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
End-stage renal disease

45. Injection of a contrast medium.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Lumbar incision

46. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

47. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Addison's disease

48. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Nephrons
Postadrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.

49. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Urinalysis
Testicular torsion
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

50. IVU
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
An enhancement of KUB.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Urinalysis