Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


2. Autosomal recessive PKD
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


3. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Postadrenalectomy
Transcostal incision
Hypospadias
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


4. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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5. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Flank incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


6. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Testicular torsion
Lumbar incision


7. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Flank incision
Addison's disease


8. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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9. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision
Testicular cancer


10. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Adrenalectomy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Phimosis
Inguinal incision


11. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Hypospadias
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.


12. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Retrograde urogram


13. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Transcostal incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Adrenal gland


14. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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15. Function of the medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cryptorchidism


16. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Retrograde urogram
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


17. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Addison's disease
Twisting
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


18. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
Nephrons


19. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Subcostal flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


20. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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21. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.


22. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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23. What is PKD?
Scrotal incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias


24. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Retrograde urogram
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Epispadias.


25. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer


26. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Phimosis
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
End-stage renal disease


27. Diagnosis for ESRD
Phimosis
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
End-stage renal disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


28. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism


29. Another name for IVU
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


30. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Biopsy
More than one million.


31. Torsion
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Twisting


32. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Twisting
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


33. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Postadrenalectomy


34. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Scrotal incision
Urinalysis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


35. Hypertension and proteinuria
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


36. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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37. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


38. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cushing's syndrome
Flank incision
Retrograde urogram


39. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Flank incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Circumcision
Nephrons


40. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Biopsy
Inguinal incision
Gibson incision.


41. Pheochromacytoma
Inguinal incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


42. Torsion of the testicle
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Gibson incision.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


43. Commonly done in a cysto room
Renal cell carcinoma
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Subcostal flank incision
Retrograde urogram


44. Functional units of the kidney
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons


45. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease
An enhancement of KUB.
Tissue samples


46. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Endoscopic removal
Nephrons


47. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Cushing's syndrome
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


48. What is phimosis?
Phimosis
Testicular cancer
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


49. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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50. PKD
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Polycystic kidney disease
Orchiopexy