Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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2. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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3. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Cushing's syndrome
Endoscopic removal
Cryptorchidism


4. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
An enhancement of KUB.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma


5. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


6. Functional units of the kidney
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Nephrons
Cortex and medulla
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


7. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


8. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy


9. KUB stands for?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Cushing's syndrome
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


10. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Phimosis
Testicular torsion
Adrenal gland


11. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma


12. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease


13. Injection of a contrast medium.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
IVU


14. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy


15. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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16. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Epispadias.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease


17. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Hypospadias
Transcostal incision


18. Excessive thirst and edema.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Adrenalectomy
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


19. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


20. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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21. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Intercostal incision
Testicular cancer


22. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


23. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Inguinal incision
Cortex and medulla
Wilms' tumor.


24. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Epispadias.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


25. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


26. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Cortex and medulla
Orchiopexy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
More than one million.


27. Retrograde urogram
Postadrenalectomy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


28. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy


29. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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30. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism


31. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


32. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
An enhancement of KUB.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Hypospadias


33. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


34. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Testicular cancer
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Endoscopy


35. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Orchiopexy
Hypospadias


36. MIBG
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Circumcision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


37. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


38. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Intercostal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Subcostal flank incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


39. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision
Inguinal incision
IVU


40. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Adrenalectomy
Orchiopexy
Phimosis
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


41. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Testicular cancer
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Biopsy


42. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Inguinal incision


43. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Flank incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Twisting
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


44. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma


45. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Wilms' tumor.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


46. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


47. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Tissue samples
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Inguinal incision


48. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cortex and medulla
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


49. Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Hypospadias
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Urinalysis


50. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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