Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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2. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


3. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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4. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma


5. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Polycystic kidney disease
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


6. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Lumbar incision


7. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Testicular torsion
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
More than one million.
Urinalysis


8. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy


9. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


10. Autosomal recessive PKD
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Orchiopexy
Epispadias.


11. What is phimosis?
Nephrons
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Postadrenalectomy


12. Torsion of the testicle
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Scrotal incision
Testicular cancer


13. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.
Lumbar incision


14. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma


15. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy


16. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons
Testicular cancer
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


17. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Orchiopexy


18. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease
Nephrons
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy


19. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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20. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Addison's disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Testicular cancer


21. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Addison's disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Polycystic kidney disease
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


22. What is a KUB?
More than one million.
Addison's disease
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Orchiopexy


23. Injection of a contrast medium.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
IVU


24. What is PKD?
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Lumbar incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


25. Adrenalectomy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cortex and medulla
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Testicular cancer


26. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Wilms' tumor.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma


27. Pheochromacytoma
Endoscopic removal
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


28. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Scrotal incision
Endoscopy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


29. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease


30. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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31. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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32. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Inguinal incision
Gibson incision.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


33. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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34. The single most important laboratory examination.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Urinalysis
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


35. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


36. Function of the medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


37. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer


38. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision.


39. Flank or lumbar incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Adrenal gland
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma


40. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Endoscopic removal
Cushing's syndrome
Subcostal flank incision


41. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Adrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Urinalysis


42. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
More than one million.
Flank incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Inguinal incision


43. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


44. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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45. PKD
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease
More than one million.
Addison's disease


46. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Phimosis
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease


47. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Endoscopy


48. Function of the detrusor muscle
Endoscopic removal
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


49. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Urinalysis
Subcostal flank incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


50. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Epispadias.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.