Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
End-stage renal disease
Epispadias.
Cushing's syndrome
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


2. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma


3. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


4. Retrograde urogram
Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


5. PSA
Wilms' tumor.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Testicular cancer
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


6. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Nephrons
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis


7. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Tissue samples
Retrograde urogram


8. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Testicular cancer
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


9. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


10. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Lumbar incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


11. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


12. Autosomal recessive PKD
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


13. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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14. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Nephrons
Testicular torsion
Cryptorchidism


15. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


16. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


17. The single most important laboratory examination.
Scrotal incision
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.
Urinalysis


18. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Testicular torsion
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision
Adrenalectomy


19. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Polycystic kidney disease
Flank incision
Addison's disease


20. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma


21. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Scrotal incision
Renal cell carcinoma


22. Ellik evacuator
Gibson incision.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Adrenalectomy
IVU


23. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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24. Hypertension and proteinuria
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Inguinal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Subcostal flank incision


25. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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26. Injection of a contrast medium.
End-stage renal disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Wilms' tumor.
IVU


27. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Tissue samples


28. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Cortex and medulla
Subcostal flank incision
Biopsy
Adrenalectomy


29. Commonly done in a cysto room
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Inguinal incision
Retrograde urogram


30. Pheochromacytoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


31. Adrenalectomy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


32. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
Flank incision


33. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


34. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Intercostal incision
Circumcision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


35. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Nephrons


36. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


37. Torsion of the testicle
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Twisting of the spermatic cord


38. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
An enhancement of KUB.
Subcostal flank incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision


39. MIBG
Hypospadias
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


40. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Gibson incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


41. PKD
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Lumbar incision
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease


42. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Epispadias.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.


43. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Addison's disease.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


44. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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45. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Transcostal incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Lumbar incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


46. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision
Addison's disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


47. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Adrenalectomy


48. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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49. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Transcostal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Addison's disease
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


50. Flank or lumbar incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Circumcision
Adrenal gland
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.