Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Inguinal incision
Epispadias.
Testicular cancer


2. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Gibson incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Cryptorchidism


3. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Subcostal flank incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


4. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Endoscopy
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease


5. PSA
Transcostal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Testicular cancer


6. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Twisting
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma


7. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Addison's disease


8. What is phimosis?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
IVU


9. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
More than one million.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias


10. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Wilms' tumor.
Cushing's syndrome
Gibson incision


11. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
Epispadias.


12. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Scrotal incision
Hypospadias
Subcostal flank incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


13. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


14. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


15. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Adrenalectomy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


16. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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17. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.


18. Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma


19. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Phimosis
Orchiopexy


20. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopic removal
Inguinal incision


21. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease
Cushing's syndrome


22. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Cortex and medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision
Tissue samples


23. PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma


24. Ellik evacuator
Gibson incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


25. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
An enhancement of KUB.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma


26. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
Flank incision


27. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cryptorchidism
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


28. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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29. KUB stands for?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Tissue samples
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Flank incision


30. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Testicular cancer
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Cortex and medulla


31. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
Retrograde urogram


32. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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33. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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34. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Inguinal incision
An enhancement of KUB.


35. Three types of PKD.
Tissue samples
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


36. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular torsion
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


37. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision
Tissue samples


38. Torsion of the testicle
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord


39. IVU
End-stage renal disease
An enhancement of KUB.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


40. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


41. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


42. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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43. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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44. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopic removal
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


45. Hypertension and proteinuria
Gibson incision
Nephrons
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Intercostal incision


46. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


47. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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48. Functional units of the kidney
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy
Nephrons
Postadrenalectomy


49. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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50. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Inguinal incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Nephrons
Epispadias.