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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Flank or lumbar incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenal gland
Testicular cancer

2. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Cushing's syndrome
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inguinal incision
Testicular torsion

3. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
End-stage renal disease
Scrotal incision

4. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cortex and medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

5. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Twisting
Lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism
IVU

6. Function of the detrusor muscle
Addison's disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Hypospadias

7. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

8. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision
Epispadias.

9. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Circumcision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.

10. Autosomal dominant PKD
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Adrenalectomy

11. What is a KUB?
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

12. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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13. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Postadrenalectomy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism

14. Autosomal recessive PKD
Adrenalectomy
Urinalysis
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

15. Ellik evacuator
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Tissue samples
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

16. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision

17. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Tissue samples

18. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Inguinal incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Flank incision

19. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Transcostal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Subcostal flank incision
Retrograde urogram

20. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Nephrons
Testicular cancer
Endoscopic removal
Retrograde urogram

21. Recommended for severe phimosis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Scrotal incision
Circumcision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

22. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Addison's disease
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Orchiopexy
Scrotal incision

23. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Phimosis

24. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Circumcision
Gibson incision.

25. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Transcostal incision

26. Hypertension and proteinuria
Hypospadias
Polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma

27. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Nephrons
Renal cell carcinoma

28. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Endoscopy
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy

29. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

30. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Testicular cancer
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Circumcision

31. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Scrotal incision
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma

32. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Endoscopy

33. MIBG
Addison's disease.
Testicular torsion
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Endoscopic removal

34. The single most important laboratory examination.
Circumcision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Urinalysis

35. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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36. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Nephrons
Testicular torsion

37. Adrenalectomy
IVU
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

38. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

39. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Phimosis
Cryptorchidism
Biopsy

40. The most common type of kidney cancer.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Circumcision
Testicular torsion

41. PSA
Renal cell carcinoma
Transcostal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
IVU

42. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Wilms' tumor.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Biopsy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

43. Commonly done in a cysto room
End-stage renal disease
Retrograde urogram
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

44. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Phimosis
Gibson incision.
Flank incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

45. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Biopsy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Addison's disease

46. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Phimosis
End-stage renal disease

47. PKD
An enhancement of KUB.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Polycystic kidney disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

48. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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49. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

50. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Twisting
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Gibson incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.