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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Commonly done in a cysto room
Wilms' tumor.
Retrograde urogram
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma

2. What is a KUB?
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cryptorchidism
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

3. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Polycystic kidney disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

4. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Endoscopic removal
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma

5. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision

6. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Nephrons
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Inguinal incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

7. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Endoscopic removal
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Hypospadias
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

8. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Twisting
Testicular cancer
IVU
Adrenalectomy

9. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Biopsy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

10. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Testicular cancer
Nephrons
Polycystic kidney disease

11. Excessive thirst and edema.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

12. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

13. Acquired cystic kidney disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cushing's syndrome
Wilms' tumor.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

14. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

15. Flank or lumbar incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenal gland

16. PKD
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Polycystic kidney disease
Addison's disease

17. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Addison's disease
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

18. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

19. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Nephrons
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

20. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Postadrenalectomy
Subcostal flank incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cryptorchidism

21. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision.
Addison's disease.

22. Diagnosis for ESRD
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Endoscopy
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

23. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Phimosis
Addison's disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Biopsy

24. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Hypospadias
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla

25. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Endoscopic removal
An enhancement of KUB.
Cryptorchidism

26. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Hypospadias
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

27. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
IVU

28. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Wilms' tumor.

29. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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30. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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31. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Subcostal flank incision

32. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.

33. Torsion
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
Twisting

34. Adrenalectomy
Subcostal flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Endoscopic removal

35. Three types of PKD.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Epispadias.

36. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
End-stage renal disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

37. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

38. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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39. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Gibson incision.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Cryptorchidism
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

40. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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41. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Adrenal gland
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Cushing's syndrome

42. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

43. Retrograde urogram
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Circumcision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

44. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision
Flank incision
Transcostal incision

45. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Testicular cancer
Subcostal flank incision
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopic removal

46. Function of the cortex
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

47. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

48. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Biopsy
Inguinal incision
End-stage renal disease

49. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Circumcision
Hypospadias
Twisting of the spermatic cord

50. Pheochromacytoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision