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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Injection of a contrast medium.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Hypospadias
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
IVU

2. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
More than one million.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Epispadias.
Circumcision

3. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

4. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Gibson incision.
Subcostal flank incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

5. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cryptorchidism

6. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cortex and medulla
Endoscopy

7. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

8. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

9. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease
Gibson incision

10. Commonly done in a cysto room
Addison's disease
Retrograde urogram
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

11. Ellik evacuator
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

12. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
Testicular torsion
Adrenal gland

13. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

14. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
Inguinal incision

15. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

16. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Polycystic kidney disease
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Phimosis
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

17. Retrograde urogram
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Adrenal gland
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Addison's disease.

18. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

19. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.

20. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Subcostal flank incision
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.
Orchiopexy

21. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Intercostal incision
Cryptorchidism

22. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Orchiopexy
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma

23. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

24. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Intercostal incision

25. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism

26. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Circumcision
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision

27. Adrenalectomy
Urinalysis
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer

28. Flank or lumbar incision
Circumcision
Phimosis
Adrenal gland
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

29. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy

30. Hypertension and proteinuria
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Testicular cancer
Polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

31. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Flank incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Phimosis
Testicular cancer

32. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Addison's disease.
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer

33. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Inguinal incision
Nephrons
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

34. Torsion
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Postadrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Twisting

35. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Orchiopexy
Inguinal incision
Hypospadias
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

36. PSA
Testicular cancer
Hypospadias
Postadrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

37. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.

38. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cortex and medulla
Hypospadias

39. Function of the detrusor muscle
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Endoscopy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

40. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

41. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

42. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Wilms' tumor.
An enhancement of KUB.

43. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Wilms' tumor.

44. What is a KUB?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Twisting
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

45. Autosomal recessive PKD
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

46. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

47. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Cortex and medulla
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma

48. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Cryptorchidism
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Intercostal incision
Adrenalectomy

49. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision

50. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.