Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
An enhancement of KUB.


2. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


3. Flank or lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma


4. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


5. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy


6. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
More than one million.


7. Functional units of the kidney
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Nephrons


8. IVU
Postadrenalectomy
Orchiopexy
An enhancement of KUB.
Lumbar incision


9. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Postadrenalectomy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Endoscopy


10. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma


11. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease
Intercostal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


12. KUB stands for?
More than one million.
Orchiopexy
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cryptorchidism


13. Excessive thirst and edema.
Nephrons
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cryptorchidism


14. Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma


15. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease
Scrotal incision


16. Retrograde urogram
Transcostal incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Circumcision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


17. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Urinalysis
Endoscopic removal
Gibson incision


18. Best for nonmalignant masses.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Inguinal incision
Endoscopic removal
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


19. Autosomal recessive PKD
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cushing's syndrome
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


20. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


21. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Polycystic kidney disease


22. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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23. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision


24. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Testicular cancer
Twisting
Epispadias.
Cryptorchidism


25. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Urinalysis
Transcostal incision
Inguinal incision
Addison's disease


26. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Tissue samples


27. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


28. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Hypospadias
Cortex and medulla


29. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Intercostal incision


30. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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31. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Adrenalectomy
Flank incision


32. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Flank incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Nephrons
Intercostal incision


33. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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34. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Addison's disease
Hypospadias
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
More than one million.


35. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.


36. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Adrenalectomy
Twisting of the spermatic cord


37. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Testicular cancer
Circumcision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


38. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inguinal incision


39. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Gibson incision.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


40. PSA
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease


41. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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42. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism


43. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Transcostal incision
Postadrenalectomy


44. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Retrograde urogram
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


45. Injection of a contrast medium.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism
IVU


46. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Nephrons


47. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


48. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Transcostal incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
IVU


49. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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50. Function of the medulla
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Addison's disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.