Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. PKD
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Gibson incision
More than one million.
Polycystic kidney disease


2. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias


3. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Flank incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


4. Commonly done in a cysto room
End-stage renal disease
Phimosis
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Retrograde urogram


5. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.


6. Function of the cortex
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


7. Injection of a contrast medium.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
IVU


8. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Addison's disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cryptorchidism


9. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Scrotal incision
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma


10. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Scrotal incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


11. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
More than one million.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Lumbar incision


12. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Gibson incision
End-stage renal disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


13. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.


14. Function of the detrusor muscle
Biopsy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


15. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Lumbar incision
Gibson incision.
Orchiopexy
End-stage renal disease


16. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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17. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Gibson incision.
Retrograde urogram
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Hypospadias


18. Diagnosis for ESRD
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Addison's disease.


19. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Transcostal incision
IVU


20. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Epispadias.
Orchiopexy
Cryptorchidism
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


21. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Endoscopy


22. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


23. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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24. Autosomal dominant PKD
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Scrotal incision


25. Hypertension and proteinuria
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Orchiopexy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


26. What is PKD?
Flank incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
IVU


27. Autosomal recessive PKD
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


28. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Addison's disease
Lumbar incision
Endoscopic removal


29. Treated through an inguinal incision.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Postadrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


30. Pheochromacytoma
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Cryptorchidism


31. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism


32. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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33. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular torsion


34. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Adrenal gland


35. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.


36. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Gibson incision.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Adrenalectomy


37. Torsion
Twisting
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism


38. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
Testicular cancer
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


39. Recommended for severe phimosis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cortex and medulla
Circumcision
Addison's disease


40. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Urinalysis
Lumbar incision
Testicular cancer


41. Retrograde urogram
Urinalysis
Wilms' tumor.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Tissue samples


42. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Lumbar incision
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma


43. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Flank incision
Subcostal flank incision
Lumbar incision
Tissue samples


44. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma


45. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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46. What is a KUB?
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Inguinal incision


47. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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48. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Subcostal flank incision


49. PSA
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cushing's syndrome
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism


50. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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