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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Inguinal incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

2. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Tissue samples
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Phimosis
Hypospadias

3. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

4. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Wilms' tumor.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular cancer

5. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Addison's disease.
Inguinal incision
Testicular cancer
Subcostal flank incision

6. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease

7. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Phimosis
Addison's disease.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

8. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

9. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Transcostal incision
Nephrons
Cryptorchidism

10. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma

11. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Polycystic kidney disease
Postadrenalectomy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Hypospadias

12. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Addison's disease
Flank incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

13. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Adrenalectomy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Urinalysis

14. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla

15. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Adrenalectomy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

16. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Circumcision
Testicular torsion
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

17. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Cushing's syndrome
Wilms' tumor.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

18. The single most important laboratory examination.
Testicular torsion
Inguinal incision
Hypospadias
Urinalysis

19. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

20. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.
Adrenalectomy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

21. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer

22. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

23. Three types of PKD.
Inguinal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

24. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma

25. Autosomal dominant PKD
Testicular cancer
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Inguinal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

26. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision
Inguinal incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

27. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Biopsy
Twisting

28. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Epispadias.
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.

29. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Gibson incision
Testicular cancer
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

30. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Flank incision

31. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

32. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Testicular torsion
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

33. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

34. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Biopsy

35. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

36. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.

37. Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma

38. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Phimosis
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Gibson incision
Circumcision

39. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Addison's disease

40. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

41. KUB stands for?
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

42. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Addison's disease
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

43. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Urinalysis
Testicular cancer

44. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
Adrenal gland
Addison's disease

45. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Scrotal incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias

46. Diagnosis for ESRD
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

47. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
An enhancement of KUB.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

48. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Postadrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

49. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Endoscopic removal
End-stage renal disease

50. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
More than one million.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma