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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Biopsy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

2. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease

3. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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4. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

5. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

6. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Phimosis
Gibson incision
Scrotal incision

7. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

8. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

9. PSA
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma

10. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Testicular cancer
Subcostal flank incision

11. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

12. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Gibson incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.

13. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Addison's disease

14. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Addison's disease
Lumbar incision
Gibson incision
Flank incision

15. Function of the medulla
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Intercostal incision
Gibson incision.

17. Commonly done in a cysto room
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism

18. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
Wilms' tumor.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

19. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
More than one million.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Urinalysis

20. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
Postadrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla

21. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Cushing's syndrome
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision

22. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

23. Autosomal dominant PKD
Phimosis
Scrotal incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Biopsy

24. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Endoscopic removal
Testicular cancer
More than one million.

25. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Twisting
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

26. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma

27. Hypertension and proteinuria
Gibson incision
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

28. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular torsion
Phimosis
Retrograde urogram

29. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision

30. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Adrenalectomy

31. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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32. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Endoscopy
Inguinal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

33. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias

34. Functional units of the kidney
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Retrograde urogram
Nephrons

35. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Testicular torsion

36. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons
Phimosis

37. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Adrenalectomy
Urinalysis
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

38. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.

39. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Testicular cancer
Flank incision
Biopsy

40. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Gibson incision
Transcostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

41. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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42. Torsion
Tissue samples
Twisting
Wilms' tumor.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

43. Injection of a contrast medium.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
End-stage renal disease
IVU
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

44. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Wilms' tumor.

45. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Retrograde urogram
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

46. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Postadrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

47. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

48. Function of the cortex
Addison's disease.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

49. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Testicular cancer

50. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopic removal
Urinalysis
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma