Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


2. Excessive thirst and edema.
Addison's disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


3. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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4. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Lumbar incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision
Endoscopy


5. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Endoscopy
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy


6. Commonly done in a cysto room
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Retrograde urogram
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Epispadias.


7. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.
Circumcision
Cortex and medulla


8. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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9. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma


10. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma


11. What is PKD?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inguinal incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


12. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Scrotal incision
Cortex and medulla


13. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Endoscopy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


14. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Scrotal incision
Flank incision
Addison's disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


15. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Wilms' tumor.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Intercostal incision


16. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Adrenalectomy


17. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Transcostal incision
More than one million.
Wilms' tumor.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


18. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Gibson incision
Tissue samples


19. What is phimosis?
Gibson incision.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inguinal incision
Postadrenalectomy


20. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram
Addison's disease


21. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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22. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Testicular torsion
Adrenal gland
Transcostal incision


23. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Urinalysis
Phimosis
Subcostal flank incision


24. The single most important laboratory examination.
An enhancement of KUB.
Urinalysis
Wilms' tumor.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


25. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Cushing's syndrome
Adrenalectomy
Inguinal incision
Testicular cancer


26. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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27. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


28. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Hypospadias
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Circumcision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


29. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Lumbar incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


30. Diagnosis for ESRD
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


31. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


32. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


33. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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34. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Hypospadias
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


35. KUB stands for?
Endoscopy
Hypospadias
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma


36. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla


37. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Hypospadias
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


38. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma


39. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Adrenal gland
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


40. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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41. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Hypospadias


42. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


43. MIBG
Biopsy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Addison's disease
Postadrenalectomy


44. Torsion
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Twisting
Adrenal gland
Cryptorchidism


45. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Orchiopexy
Transcostal incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


46. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Flank incision


47. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


48. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Nephrons


49. Function of the cortex
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


50. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.