Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Testicular cancer
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


2. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


3. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Gibson incision
Lumbar incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


4. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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5. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Flank incision
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias


6. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Biopsy
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


7. Flank or lumbar incision
Addison's disease
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Adrenal gland
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


8. Torsion
Twisting
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision


9. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Wilms' tumor.


10. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Nephrons
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


11. Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


12. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Circumcision
End-stage renal disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


13. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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14. What is PKD?
Scrotal incision
Twisting
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


15. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Flank incision
Tissue samples
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Inguinal incision


16. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Tissue samples
Hypospadias
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


17. KUB stands for?
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma


18. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Adrenal gland
Intercostal incision
Hypospadias
Inguinal incision


19. IVU
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.
Adrenalectomy


20. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Biopsy
Wilms' tumor.


21. Injection of a contrast medium.
Urinalysis
IVU
Flank incision
Epispadias.


22. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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23. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision


24. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Twisting
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma


25. MIBG
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
More than one million.
Lumbar incision


26. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Gibson incision
Retrograde urogram
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


27. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Subcostal flank incision
Lumbar incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


28. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cortex and medulla
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism


29. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cortex and medulla
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


30. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Urinalysis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
More than one million.


31. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Twisting
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
End-stage renal disease


32. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular torsion
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


33. Excessive thirst and edema.
Polycystic kidney disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Urinalysis


34. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease


35. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Epispadias.
Tissue samples
Orchiopexy


36. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Flank incision
Testicular cancer
Tissue samples
Polycystic kidney disease


37. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Testicular cancer
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


38. Functional units of the kidney
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Nephrons


39. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Cushing's syndrome
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


40. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Testicular cancer


41. The most common type of kidney cancer.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Testicular cancer


42. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Gibson incision
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy


43. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inguinal incision
Endoscopy


44. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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45. Function of the detrusor muscle
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Inguinal incision


46. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Intercostal incision
More than one million.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


47. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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48. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


49. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Addison's disease.
Cortex and medulla
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias


50. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Tissue samples