Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Tissue samples
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Intercostal incision


2. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Epispadias.


3. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


4. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Endoscopic removal
Circumcision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
End-stage renal disease


5. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Addison's disease
Phimosis
Cushing's syndrome
Adrenal gland


6. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma


7. Autosomal recessive PKD
Endoscopy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Addison's disease


8. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision
Hypospadias


9. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Tissue samples
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Inguinal incision


10. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


11. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
IVU
Testicular cancer


12. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Gibson incision.
Cushing's syndrome


13. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Tissue samples
Transcostal incision


14. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Phimosis


15. Commonly done in a cysto room
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism
Retrograde urogram


16. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Twisting
Scrotal incision
Wilms' tumor.


17. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopic removal
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


18. PKD
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Polycystic kidney disease


19. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Urinalysis
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


20. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Twisting
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


21. Injection of a contrast medium.
Twisting
IVU
Nephrons
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


22. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Wilms' tumor.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Hypospadias


23. Excessive thirst and edema.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Polycystic kidney disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Orchiopexy


24. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.


25. Another name for IVU
Retrograde urogram
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.


26. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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27. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


28. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy


29. Treated through an inguinal incision.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Cryptorchidism
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


30. IVU
Addison's disease
An enhancement of KUB.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Epispadias.


31. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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32. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Intercostal incision
Postadrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


33. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Inguinal incision


34. Diagnosis for ESRD
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


35. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Postadrenalectomy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


36. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


37. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Adrenalectomy
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


38. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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39. Retrograde urogram
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Circumcision


40. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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41. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Gibson incision.
IVU
Scrotal incision


42. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Transcostal incision
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias


43. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Lumbar incision


44. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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45. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Testicular torsion
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Adrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease


46. Three types of PKD.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


47. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Cortex and medulla
IVU
Subcostal flank incision
Lumbar incision


48. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Flank incision


49. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
An enhancement of KUB.
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism


50. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Lumbar incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
More than one million.
Biopsy