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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
End-stage renal disease
Addison's disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Lumbar incision

2. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.

3. What is a KUB?
Intercostal incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Endoscopic removal
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

4. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism
Epispadias.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

5. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Cryptorchidism
Phimosis
Endoscopic removal
Adrenalectomy

6. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Testicular torsion
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease

7. KUB stands for?
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

8. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Circumcision
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

9. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Addison's disease.
Twisting
Cryptorchidism

10. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Intercostal incision
Postadrenalectomy
Inguinal incision
Testicular cancer

11. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma

12. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

13. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Orchiopexy
More than one million.

14. Diagnosis for ESRD
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

15. PSA
Cushing's syndrome
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Adrenalectomy
Lumbar incision

16. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular cancer
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism

17. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Biopsy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Adrenalectomy

18. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Circumcision
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

19. MIBG
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

20. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Cushing's syndrome
End-stage renal disease
Subcostal flank incision

21. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
End-stage renal disease
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

22. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

23. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
An enhancement of KUB.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

24. The single most important laboratory examination.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis

25. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Intercostal incision
Urinalysis
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma

26. Autosomal dominant PKD
Retrograde urogram
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Tissue samples
Hypospadias

27. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Twisting
Cryptorchidism
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer

28. Function of the cortex
Gibson incision
Cryptorchidism
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

29. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
An enhancement of KUB.
Wilms' tumor.
Postadrenalectomy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

30. Torsion
Addison's disease
Orchiopexy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Twisting

31. Two treatment options for ESRD.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Lumbar incision

32. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Wilms' tumor.

33. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

34. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

35. The most common type of kidney cancer.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

36. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision.

37. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Addison's disease
Flank incision
Gibson incision.

38. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

39. Pheochromacytoma
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

40. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

41. Recommended for severe phimosis.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Tissue samples
Circumcision
Epispadias.

42. Flank or lumbar incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Adrenal gland
Lumbar incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

43. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision
Flank incision
Flank incision

44. Excessive thirst and edema.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

45. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

46. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

47. What is PKD?
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Adrenal gland

48. What is phimosis?
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

49. PKD
Polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism

50. Function of the medulla
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.