Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


2. Torsion
IVU
Twisting
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


3. Flank or lumbar incision
Phimosis
Adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma


4. Hypertension and proteinuria
More than one million.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease


5. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease


6. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


7. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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8. Function of the detrusor muscle
Orchiopexy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


9. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Wilms' tumor.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


10. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma


11. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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12. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Urinalysis


13. Functional units of the kidney
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
Scrotal incision
Adrenalectomy


14. Another name for IVU
Cryptorchidism
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


15. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy


16. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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17. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Lumbar incision
Hypospadias


18. Injection of a contrast medium.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU


19. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Circumcision


20. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma
Subcostal flank incision


21. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy


22. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Adrenal gland
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma


23. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


24. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


25. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


26. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Adrenal gland
Epispadias.
Scrotal incision
Flank incision


27. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Epispadias.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Wilms' tumor.


28. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism


29. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Retrograde urogram


30. PSA
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Flank incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


31. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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32. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Adrenalectomy
Subcostal flank incision
More than one million.
Endoscopy


33. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.


34. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis
Testicular cancer


35. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Tissue samples
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease


36. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Epispadias.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


37. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
More than one million.
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


38. KUB stands for?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Flank incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


39. PKD
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Polycystic kidney disease


40. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Twisting
Flank incision
Endoscopy


41. Retrograde urogram
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Addison's disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Epispadias.


42. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Endoscopic removal
Orchiopexy
More than one million.
Cryptorchidism


43. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Phimosis
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Biopsy
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


44. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Wilms' tumor.
Cortex and medulla
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma


45. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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46. MIBG
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


47. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Cushing's syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


48. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Inguinal incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Flank incision


49. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Twisting
Tissue samples
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism


50. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.