Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Adrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Subcostal flank incision
Postadrenalectomy


2. Functional units of the kidney
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Nephrons
Retrograde urogram
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


3. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma


4. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Retrograde urogram
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Endoscopic removal
Phimosis


5. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma


6. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.


7. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
End-stage renal disease
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


8. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Hypospadias
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Addison's disease


9. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
End-stage renal disease
Urinalysis
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


10. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
More than one million.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism


11. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Epispadias.
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy


12. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Testicular torsion
Tissue samples
Cryptorchidism
Twisting of the spermatic cord


13. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Epispadias.
Cryptorchidism


14. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


15. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Endoscopy
More than one million.
Testicular cancer


16. Torsion
Twisting
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Subcostal flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


17. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Addison's disease
Hypospadias


18. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Wilms' tumor.


19. PSA
Cryptorchidism
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


20. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Cryptorchidism


21. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Testicular cancer
Endoscopic removal
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


22. Torsion of the testicle
Addison's disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision.


23. Another name for IVU
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Adrenalectomy
Subcostal flank incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


24. Pheochromacytoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy


25. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism


26. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
IVU
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Polycystic kidney disease
Lumbar incision


27. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


28. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Transcostal incision


29. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma


30. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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31. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Addison's disease.
Flank incision
Cortex and medulla
Postadrenalectomy


32. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
IVU
Flank incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


33. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Wilms' tumor.
Hypospadias
Subcostal flank incision


34. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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35. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision


36. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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37. Injection of a contrast medium.
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma


38. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Twisting
Addison's disease


39. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Lumbar incision
Transcostal incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma


40. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Gibson incision.


41. Function of the detrusor muscle
Testicular torsion
Scrotal incision
Twisting
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


42. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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43. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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44. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Circumcision
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma


45. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Scrotal incision
Cortex and medulla
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Hypospadias


46. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
End-stage renal disease


47. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma


48. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Postadrenalectomy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Biopsy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


49. Function of the medulla
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Phimosis
Subcostal flank incision


50. What is PKD?
Transcostal incision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Addison's disease.