Genitourinary Surgery

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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Testicular cancer
Twisting


2. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Inguinal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer


3. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Twisting
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


4. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Addison's disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Wilms' tumor.


5. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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6. Injection of a contrast medium.
Polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Addison's disease.
IVU


7. Autosomal recessive PKD
End-stage renal disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Adrenalectomy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


8. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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9. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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10. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples
Addison's disease
Gibson incision


11. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Addison's disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


12. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
More than one million.
Addison's disease


13. Torsion of the testicle
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Inguinal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


14. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Transcostal incision
Testicular torsion
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Adrenal gland


15. The single most important laboratory examination.
Urinalysis
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma


16. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma


17. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Gibson incision
More than one million.
Hypospadias


18. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


19. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


20. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Testicular cancer
Intercostal incision
Polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopy


21. Function of the medulla
Phimosis
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma


22. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Transcostal incision
Subcostal flank incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


23. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
Lumbar incision


24. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Wilms' tumor.
Transcostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


25. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular torsion
Gibson incision
Endoscopic removal


26. PSA
Epispadias.
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


27. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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28. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Addison's disease.
Flank incision
Inguinal incision
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


29. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Endoscopic removal
Inguinal incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma


30. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons


31. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
Testicular cancer
Lumbar incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


32. Torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Twisting
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


33. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Addison's disease
Adrenal gland
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Circumcision


34. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma


35. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision
Testicular cancer


36. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Addison's disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision


37. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Urinalysis
Adrenalectomy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Polycystic kidney disease


38. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Gibson incision
Polycystic kidney disease
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism


39. Diagnosis for ESRD
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Transcostal incision
Adrenalectomy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


40. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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41. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


42. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


43. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Orchiopexy


44. Ellik evacuator
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Gibson incision


45. Pheochromacytoma
Cryptorchidism
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


46. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Transcostal incision
Phimosis
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma


47. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Intercostal incision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


48. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Postadrenalectomy


49. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Wilms' tumor.


50. Function of the detrusor muscle
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease.