Genitourinary Surgery

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• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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2. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
More than one million.
Addison's disease
Orchiopexy


3. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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4. Excessive thirst and edema.
Hypospadias
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Wilms' tumor.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


5. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


6. Function of the detrusor muscle
Intercostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


7. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Transcostal incision
End-stage renal disease
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma


8. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Inguinal incision
Adrenalectomy
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


9. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision.
Gibson incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


10. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Wilms' tumor.


11. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


12. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


13. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism


14. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Endoscopy
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease


15. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


16. The single most important laboratory examination.
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma


17. IVU
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An enhancement of KUB.


18. Commonly done in a cysto room
Phimosis
Retrograde urogram
Hypospadias
Addison's disease.


19. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
Nephrons


20. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Phimosis
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


21. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


22. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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23. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


24. MIBG
Testicular cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma


25. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Transcostal incision
Testicular torsion
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


26. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Addison's disease
Cryptorchidism


27. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Biopsy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Adrenalectomy


28. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision
Gibson incision


29. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
An enhancement of KUB.
Adrenalectomy


30. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Hypospadias
Postadrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy


31. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Retrograde urogram


32. Ellik evacuator
Epispadias.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


33. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma


34. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision
Testicular cancer


35. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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36. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Adrenal gland
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


37. Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


38. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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39. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


40. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Flank incision


41. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Postadrenalectomy
Circumcision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Scrotal incision


42. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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43. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


44. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cushing's syndrome
Urinalysis
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla


45. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


46. Functional units of the kidney
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Nephrons
Flank incision


47. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cryptorchidism


48. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Urinalysis
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


49. Injection of a contrast medium.
More than one million.
IVU
Gibson incision.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


50. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Inguinal incision
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.