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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer

2. Function of the medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

3. Three types of PKD.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

4. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias

5. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cortex and medulla
Addison's disease

6. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
An enhancement of KUB.
Orchiopexy
Testicular cancer
Phimosis

7. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

8. MIBG
Tissue samples
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

9. Diagnosis for ESRD
Biopsy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
More than one million.

10. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Epispadias.
Urinalysis
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

11. Hypertension and proteinuria
Scrotal incision
Urinalysis
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Lumbar incision

12. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

13. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Postadrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Tissue samples
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

14. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

15. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma

16. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

17. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Retrograde urogram

18. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.

19. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
Circumcision
Endoscopy

20. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

21. Torsion
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism

22. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

23. KUB stands for?
Endoscopic removal
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism

24. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Flank incision
Cortex and medulla
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Tissue samples

25. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy
An enhancement of KUB.

26. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer

27. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
End-stage renal disease
Testicular torsion
Cushing's syndrome

28. Pheochromacytoma
Endoscopy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma

29. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

30. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Hypospadias
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Flank incision

31. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Adrenalectomy

32. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Cryptorchidism
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Gibson incision.
Testicular cancer

33. Injection of a contrast medium.
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Scrotal incision
Cryptorchidism

34. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease
Tissue samples

35. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Hypospadias
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Intercostal incision
Circumcision

36. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Orchiopexy
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Adrenalectomy

37. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Addison's disease
Cortex and medulla

38. PSA
Gibson incision
Testicular cancer
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

39. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

40. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease.
Wilms' tumor.

41. Autosomal dominant PKD
Cortex and medulla
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Testicular torsion

42. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Epispadias.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

43. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Circumcision
Orchiopexy
Lumbar incision
Scrotal incision

44. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

45. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Urinalysis
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Gibson incision.

46. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Cushing's syndrome
Adrenalectomy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Hypospadias

47. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Orchiopexy
Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.

48. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

49. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopic removal
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

50. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy