Genitourinary Surgery

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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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2. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Lumbar incision
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.


3. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.


4. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


5. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Adrenal gland
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


6. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Polycystic kidney disease


7. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Phimosis
Scrotal incision


8. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Gibson incision.
Phimosis
Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


9. Torsion
Twisting
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease


10. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Inguinal incision
Endoscopic removal
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism


11. Pheochromacytoma
Hypospadias
Twisting of the spermatic cord
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


12. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


13. Function of the cortex
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
An enhancement of KUB.


14. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy


15. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy


16. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Tissue samples
Gibson incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Flank incision


17. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Addison's disease.
Intercostal incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


18. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Wilms' tumor.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Addison's disease.
Endoscopy


19. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Flank incision


20. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism


21. Adrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


22. Function of the detrusor muscle
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inguinal incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Adrenalectomy


23. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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24. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Flank incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Biopsy
Phimosis


25. Torsion of the testicle
Biopsy
Inguinal incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Twisting of the spermatic cord


26. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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27. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Addison's disease
More than one million.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


28. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Wilms' tumor.


29. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Testicular torsion
Cryptorchidism
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


30. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
Addison's disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer


31. The single most important laboratory examination.
Nephrons
Epispadias.
Urinalysis
An enhancement of KUB.


32. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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33. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Nephrons
Endoscopic removal
Renal cell carcinoma


34. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Lumbar incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Epispadias.
End-stage renal disease


35. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Circumcision


36. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Wilms' tumor.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


37. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Testicular cancer


38. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Testicular cancer
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


39. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
End-stage renal disease
Biopsy
Inguinal incision
Endoscopy


40. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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41. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Intercostal incision


42. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Circumcision
Hypospadias
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease


43. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Twisting
Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


44. What is phimosis?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


45. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
More than one million.


46. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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47. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Circumcision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


48. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Adrenal gland
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


49. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Hypospadias
Polycystic kidney disease
Retrograde urogram
Tissue samples


50. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.