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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Addison's disease
Phimosis
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Nephrons

2. Function of the detrusor muscle
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

3. Function of the medulla
Gibson incision
Inguinal incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

4. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

5. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

6. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
More than one million.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

7. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

8. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Wilms' tumor.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Testicular torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord

9. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Gibson incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Hypospadias
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

10. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Cryptorchidism

11. The single most important laboratory examination.
Transcostal incision
Adrenalectomy
Gibson incision.
Urinalysis

12. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Cryptorchidism

13. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Postadrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Testicular cancer

14. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Intercostal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

15. PKD
Wilms' tumor.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease
Cushing's syndrome

16. Autosomal recessive PKD
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma

17. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Testicular cancer
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

18. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

19. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma
Intercostal incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

20. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Subcostal flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Phimosis

21. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Flank incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Addison's disease

22. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma

23. Functional units of the kidney
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Nephrons
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease

24. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Hypospadias
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

25. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Cortex and medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision

26. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
An enhancement of KUB.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenalectomy

27. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Wilms' tumor.

28. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Endoscopic removal
Cryptorchidism

29. Hypertension and proteinuria
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

30. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Renal cell carcinoma

31. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Adrenal gland
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

32. What is a KUB?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Adrenal gland
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Postadrenalectomy

33. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Hypospadias
Inguinal incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

34. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

35. Three types of PKD.
Testicular cancer
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
Hypospadias

36. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Tissue samples
Gibson incision
More than one million.

37. Excessive thirst and edema.
Adrenal gland
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cushing's syndrome
Testicular torsion

38. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision
Addison's disease

39. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Inguinal incision
Transcostal incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

40. Flank or lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Nephrons
Adrenal gland

41. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Testicular cancer
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
End-stage renal disease

42. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

43. MIBG
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Testicular cancer

44. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Addison's disease
Twisting

45. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

46. Autosomal dominant PKD
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

47. What is phimosis?
Postadrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

48. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Hypospadias
Circumcision
Adrenalectomy

49. Another name for IVU
Phimosis
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Adrenal gland

50. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.