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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

2. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma

3. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

4. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Intercostal incision
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy

5. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

6. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Inguinal incision
Intercostal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism

7. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Adrenal gland

8. Function of the cortex
An enhancement of KUB.
Tissue samples
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

9. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Tissue samples
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Testicular cancer

10. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

11. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Hypospadias
Flank incision
Transcostal incision

12. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.
Testicular cancer

13. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

14. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision

15. Function of the detrusor muscle
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
End-stage renal disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

16. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

17. The single most important laboratory examination.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Urinalysis
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Addison's disease

18. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Testicular cancer
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

19. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Cortex and medulla
Endoscopic removal

20. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Adrenal gland

21. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Gibson incision.

22. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Testicular cancer
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Retrograde urogram
Gibson incision.

23. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Scrotal incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Wilms' tumor.
Inguinal incision

24. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

25. Torsion of the testicle
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Transcostal incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Addison's disease

26. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.

27. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Biopsy
Circumcision
Inguinal incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

28. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Endoscopic removal
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.

29. What is PKD?
Flank incision
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

30. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
Biopsy

31. What is phimosis?
Addison's disease
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopy
Wilms' tumor.

32. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Wilms' tumor.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Transcostal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

33. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Postadrenalectomy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Phimosis

34. Excessive thirst and edema.
More than one million.
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

35. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
An enhancement of KUB.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

36. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma

37. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Endoscopy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Adrenalectomy

38. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Addison's disease
Hypospadias
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

39. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Gibson incision

40. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
Phimosis
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

41. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism

42. Retrograde urogram
Twisting
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Tissue samples
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.

43. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision
Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

44. Injection of a contrast medium.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Hypospadias
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
IVU

45. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Cortex and medulla
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Lumbar incision

46. What is a KUB?
Transcostal incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

47. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

48. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma

49. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Cortex and medulla
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism

50. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Retrograde urogram
Addison's disease
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.