Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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2. Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Nephrons
Addison's disease.


3. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Circumcision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


4. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Gibson incision
Transcostal incision
Testicular cancer
Endoscopy


5. Torsion of the testicle
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
End-stage renal disease
IVU


6. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
Adrenal gland
Transcostal incision


7. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Gibson incision.


8. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
IVU
Endoscopy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


9. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.
Circumcision
Endoscopy


10. Another name for IVU
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cryptorchidism
Phimosis


11. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Epispadias.
Circumcision
More than one million.


12. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Orchiopexy
Endoscopy
Phimosis
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


13. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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14. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Epispadias.


15. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Orchiopexy
Nephrons
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


16. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Addison's disease.
Lumbar incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


17. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Addison's disease


18. Commonly done in a cysto room
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram
End-stage renal disease


19. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Nephrons
Flank incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


20. Autosomal dominant PKD
Phimosis
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


21. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


22. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
An enhancement of KUB.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Postadrenalectomy


23. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Cushing's syndrome
Endoscopic removal
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


24. IVU
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
An enhancement of KUB.
Wilms' tumor.


25. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer


26. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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27. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer
Flank incision
Tissue samples


28. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma


29. Torsion
Twisting
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Adrenalectomy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


30. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Testicular cancer
Postadrenalectomy


31. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Subcostal flank incision
Adrenalectomy
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


32. Excessive thirst and edema.
Testicular torsion
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


33. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Tissue samples
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


34. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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35. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
More than one million.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Flank incision
Hypospadias


36. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Cortex and medulla
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Addison's disease


37. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer


38. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Inguinal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Scrotal incision


39. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Circumcision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Adrenalectomy


40. KUB stands for?
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


41. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Testicular cancer
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
An enhancement of KUB.
Gibson incision.


42. Flank or lumbar incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Adrenal gland
Hypospadias


43. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cryptorchidism
Intercostal incision


44. Function of the detrusor muscle
End-stage renal disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Addison's disease


45. MIBG
Retrograde urogram
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


46. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


47. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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48. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


49. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Subcostal flank incision
An enhancement of KUB.


50. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Orchiopexy
Cortex and medulla
Inguinal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.