Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
Addison's disease


2. The most common type of kidney cancer.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


3. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Epispadias.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism


4. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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5. PKD
Addison's disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
Hypospadias
Phimosis


6. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Subcostal flank incision
Circumcision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


7. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Flank incision
Cushing's syndrome


8. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Epispadias.


9. KUB stands for?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


10. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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11. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


12. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Flank incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


13. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Urinalysis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Adrenalectomy


14. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Addison's disease.
Lumbar incision
Cushing's syndrome


15. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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16. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Inguinal incision
Intercostal incision
Postadrenalectomy
Adrenal gland


17. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Endoscopic removal
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


18. Injection of a contrast medium.
Adrenalectomy
IVU
Subcostal flank incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


19. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism


20. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Endoscopy
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


21. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Transcostal incision
Intercostal incision


22. Function of the medulla
Wilms' tumor.
Retrograde urogram
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


23. Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Epispadias.


24. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Transcostal incision


25. Torsion
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Addison's disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting


26. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Addison's disease
Testicular torsion
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


27. Pheochromacytoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy


28. Treated through an inguinal incision.
More than one million.
Subcostal flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision


29. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Subcostal flank incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


30. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Postadrenalectomy
Endoscopic removal
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


31. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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32. Commonly done in a cysto room
Endoscopic removal
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
More than one million.


33. Another name for IVU
Cushing's syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


34. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Endoscopic removal
Tissue samples
Circumcision
Renal cell carcinoma


35. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
End-stage renal disease
Postadrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting


36. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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37. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Adrenal gland
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Cryptorchidism


38. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


39. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopic removal
Urinalysis


40. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Orchiopexy
More than one million.


41. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Urinalysis
Biopsy
Scrotal incision


42. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Scrotal incision
Flank incision
Orchiopexy
Polycystic kidney disease


43. Best for nonmalignant masses.
IVU
Intercostal incision
Endoscopic removal
Wilms' tumor.


44. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Endoscopy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
End-stage renal disease


45. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer


46. PSA
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Endoscopic removal
Orchiopexy


47. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Postadrenalectomy
Flank incision


48. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


49. Autosomal dominant PKD
Hypospadias
Endoscopic removal
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Adrenalectomy


50. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism