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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. MIBG
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Orchiopexy
Subcostal flank incision

2. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy

3. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Adrenal gland
Gibson incision
Endoscopy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

4. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland

5. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

6. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
Transcostal incision

7. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Subcostal flank incision
Cryptorchidism
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

8. Another name for IVU
Twisting
Inguinal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Gibson incision

9. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Biopsy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

10. PSA
Phimosis
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Flank incision

11. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

12. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Nephrons
Wilms' tumor.
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.

13. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

14. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

15. Pheochromacytoma
End-stage renal disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Retrograde urogram
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

16. Function of the detrusor muscle
Flank incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

17. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Transcostal incision
Cushing's syndrome
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

18. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

19. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

20. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Adrenal gland
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma

21. What is PKD?
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Urinalysis
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

22. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Endoscopic removal
More than one million.

23. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Nephrons
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Endoscopic removal
Cryptorchidism

24. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

25. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

26. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Epispadias.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

27. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

28. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

29. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

30. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Adrenalectomy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma

31. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Circumcision

32. Diagnosis for ESRD
Cryptorchidism
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

33. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Cortex and medulla
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Inguinal incision

34. Retrograde urogram
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting of the spermatic cord

35. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
End-stage renal disease
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease

36. Three types of PKD.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Polycystic kidney disease
An enhancement of KUB.

37. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Gibson incision.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

38. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Epispadias.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
End-stage renal disease

39. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
More than one million.

40. Autosomal dominant PKD
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cushing's syndrome
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

41. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Tissue samples
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Phimosis

42. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Adrenal gland
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Lumbar incision

43. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Scrotal incision
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

44. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

45. KUB stands for?
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Tissue samples

46. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

47. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
End-stage renal disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Intercostal incision

48. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Twisting
Retrograde urogram
More than one million.

49. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Testicular cancer
Intercostal incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

50. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Gibson incision
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma