Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Commonly done in a cysto room
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Gibson incision.
Retrograde urogram
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


2. Function of the cortex
Hypospadias
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
More than one million.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


3. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


4. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
IVU
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Flank incision


5. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Testicular torsion
Lumbar incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer


6. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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7. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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8. What is phimosis?
Gibson incision
Adrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.


9. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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10. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Cortex and medulla
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


11. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Inguinal incision
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


12. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Nephrons
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


13. Retrograde urogram
Nephrons
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Scrotal incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


14. PKD
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


15. KUB stands for?
Cortex and medulla
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
More than one million.


16. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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17. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Transcostal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


18. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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19. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Gibson incision


20. Flank or lumbar incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
More than one million.
Epispadias.
Adrenal gland


21. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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22. IVU
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
An enhancement of KUB.
Adrenal gland
Addison's disease


23. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Biopsy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


24. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Subcostal flank incision


25. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Subcostal flank incision
Phimosis
Tissue samples


26. What is PKD?
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Testicular torsion
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


27. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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28. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias


29. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


30. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


31. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Polycystic kidney disease
Cryptorchidism


32. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Testicular cancer
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Subcostal flank incision


33. The single most important laboratory examination.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Testicular cancer
Urinalysis
Scrotal incision


34. Autosomal dominant PKD
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Testicular cancer
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


35. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Lumbar incision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Adrenalectomy


36. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease


37. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Lumbar incision


38. Hypertension and proteinuria
Adrenalectomy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Wilms' tumor.


39. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inguinal incision
Flank incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


40. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Hypospadias
Gibson incision
Testicular cancer


41. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
End-stage renal disease
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism


42. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision
Endoscopy


43. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Transcostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias


44. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Epispadias.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


45. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Wilms' tumor.
Cortex and medulla
Adrenalectomy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


46. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


47. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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48. Injection of a contrast medium.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Testicular cancer
IVU
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


49. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Postadrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease


50. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Addison's disease.
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma