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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
Scrotal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

2. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

3. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Phimosis
IVU
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

4. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Biopsy
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease

5. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Gibson incision.
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

6. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

7. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Biopsy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Orchiopexy

8. Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Urinalysis
Polycystic kidney disease

9. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

10. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Tissue samples
Inguinal incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

11. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
End-stage renal disease
Inguinal incision
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

12. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Testicular cancer
Biopsy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

13. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Circumcision

14. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease

15. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Scrotal incision

16. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer
IVU
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.

17. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Epispadias.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma

18. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Wilms' tumor.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Circumcision

19. Excessive thirst and edema.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Phimosis
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Subcostal flank incision

20. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

21. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Cortex and medulla

22. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Endoscopic removal
Nephrons
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion

23. Function of the medulla
Hypospadias
Nephrons
Inguinal incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

24. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Tissue samples
IVU

25. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Adrenal gland
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

26. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision

27. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Addison's disease.
Twisting
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

28. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Cryptorchidism
Nephrons

29. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease

30. PKD
Wilms' tumor.
Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease

31. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopic removal
Wilms' tumor.
Lumbar incision
IVU

32. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Inguinal incision
Flank incision

33. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Addison's disease.
Phimosis
End-stage renal disease
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

34. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Flank incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma

35. Ellik evacuator
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Cortex and medulla
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

36. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

37. Diagnosis for ESRD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

38. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Urinalysis

39. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Intercostal incision
Hypospadias
End-stage renal disease
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

40. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Lumbar incision
Endoscopic removal
Gibson incision
Renal cell carcinoma

41. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Testicular cancer
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

42. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Flank incision

43. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Phimosis
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma

44. Torsion
Endoscopic removal
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting

45. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Wilms' tumor.

46. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Addison's disease

47. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Testicular torsion

48. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
Flank incision
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

49. KUB stands for?
An enhancement of KUB.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Hypospadias

50. What is a KUB?
Biopsy
Addison's disease
Addison's disease
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.