Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. MIBG
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
More than one million.


2. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Tissue samples
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Addison's disease.
Cryptorchidism


3. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.


4. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Retrograde urogram
Gibson incision
Epispadias.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


5. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Epispadias.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Gibson incision.
Cortex and medulla


6. Excessive thirst and edema.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Wilms' tumor.


7. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


8. Autosomal dominant PKD
Addison's disease.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


9. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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10. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Urinalysis
Adrenalectomy
Adrenalectomy


11. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Biopsy


12. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Transcostal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


13. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Twisting
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision


14. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Testicular cancer
Postadrenalectomy
Gibson incision.


15. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Adrenal gland
Urinalysis
Twisting
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


16. What is phimosis?
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


17. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


18. Diagnosis for ESRD
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Phimosis
Twisting of the spermatic cord


19. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Cryptorchidism
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Tissue samples


20. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma


21. PSA
Epispadias.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


22. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Addison's disease.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma


23. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer
Flank incision


24. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Flank incision
Circumcision
Tissue samples
Adrenalectomy


25. Function of the detrusor muscle
Phimosis
Wilms' tumor.
Postadrenalectomy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


26. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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27. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Urinalysis
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.


28. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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29. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Renal cell carcinoma


30. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Subcostal flank incision
Flank incision
Cortex and medulla


31. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Cryptorchidism
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Inguinal incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


32. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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33. Retrograde urogram
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


34. PKD
Transcostal incision
Adrenal gland
Flank incision
Polycystic kidney disease


35. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Hypospadias
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


36. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Epispadias.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Addison's disease.


37. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Testicular cancer
Inguinal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Adrenalectomy


38. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Orchiopexy


39. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Testicular cancer


40. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease


41. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Adrenalectomy
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).


42. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Cryptorchidism
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


43. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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44. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


45. Another name for IVU
Renal cell carcinoma
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


46. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease


47. Flank or lumbar incision
Epispadias.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland


48. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Adrenalectomy
Testicular torsion
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


49. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


50. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular cancer