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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Functional units of the kidney
Testicular cancer
Nephrons
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Polycystic kidney disease

2. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Adrenalectomy
Endoscopic removal
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease

3. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Circumcision
Cortex and medulla
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias

4. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy

5. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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6. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Urinalysis
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cushing's syndrome

7. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

8. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Tissue samples
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

9. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease

10. What is PKD?
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland
Retrograde urogram
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

11. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Cushing's syndrome
Inguinal incision
Hypospadias

12. Pheochromacytoma
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Adrenal gland
Urinalysis
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

13. Torsion of the testicle
An enhancement of KUB.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

14. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Gibson incision
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

15. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy

16. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Biopsy
Flank incision
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma

17. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Cushing's syndrome
Retrograde urogram
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Flank incision

18. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
Phimosis
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

19. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Twisting

20. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Inguinal incision
Epispadias.
Wilms' tumor.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

21. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision

22. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.

23. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Flank incision
Cushing's syndrome
Wilms' tumor.

24. Treated through an inguinal incision.
End-stage renal disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision

25. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

26. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
End-stage renal disease
More than one million.

27. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopic removal
Gibson incision.

28. Autosomal dominant PKD
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.

29. Retrograde urogram
Addison's disease
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

30. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
Lumbar incision
IVU

31. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Renal cell carcinoma
An enhancement of KUB.
Lumbar incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

32. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
IVU
Twisting
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Adrenalectomy

33. Commonly done in a cysto room
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Orchiopexy
Retrograde urogram
Twisting

34. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Transcostal incision
Orchiopexy

35. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Testicular cancer
Epispadias.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

36. Ellik evacuator
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Retrograde urogram
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

37. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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38. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Adrenalectomy
Cushing's syndrome
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Inguinal incision

39. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Endoscopic removal
Hypospadias
Transcostal incision
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

40. IVU
Endoscopic removal
Biopsy
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

41. Injection of a contrast medium.
Biopsy
Testicular torsion
IVU
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

42. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Flank incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision

43. Hypertension and proteinuria
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision

44. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Tissue samples
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma

45. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
IVU

46. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Lumbar incision
Addison's disease

47. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Tissue samples

48. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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49. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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50. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Hypospadias
Intercostal incision
Inguinal incision