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Genitourinary Surgery

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Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Postadrenalectomy
An enhancement of KUB.

2. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Cryptorchidism

3. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

4. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Renal cell carcinoma
Transcostal incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Nephrons

5. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

6. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular torsion
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

7. Best for nonmalignant masses.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Endoscopic removal
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Polycystic kidney disease

8. Autosomal dominant PKD
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Polycystic kidney disease

9. Autosomal recessive PKD
Renal cell carcinoma
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.

10. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Tissue samples
Addison's disease

11. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Wilms' tumor.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Intercostal incision

12. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Polycystic kidney disease

13. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.

14. Functional units of the kidney
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Nephrons
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism

15. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Phimosis
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Endoscopic removal
Cryptorchidism

16. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Hypospadias

17. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Phimosis
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy

18. Another name for IVU
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

19. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis

20. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
More than one million.
Gibson incision.
Testicular torsion
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

21. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Intercostal incision
Testicular torsion
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

22. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopy
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

23. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Lumbar incision
Retrograde urogram
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

24. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

25. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

26. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

27. Injection of a contrast medium.
Adrenalectomy
Hypospadias
IVU
Cryptorchidism

28. Three types of PKD.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Hypospadias
Addison's disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.

29. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Phimosis
Biopsy
Testicular cancer

30. Torsion of the testicle
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord

31. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

32. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Flank incision

33. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism

34. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Endoscopy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism

35. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
Epispadias.

36. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Renal cell carcinoma
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Cortex and medulla

37. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Cryptorchidism

38. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

39. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Subcostal flank incision
Nephrons
Orchiopexy
End-stage renal disease

40. Hypertension and proteinuria
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

41. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

42. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Inguinal incision

43. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

44. What is a KUB?
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
An enhancement of KUB.

45. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Addison's disease.
End-stage renal disease
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Cryptorchidism

46. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

47. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Hypospadias

48. Excessive thirst and edema.
Gibson incision.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Addison's disease

49. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

50. Ellik evacuator
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Cryptorchidism
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.