Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Circumcision
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cryptorchidism


2. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision


3. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Adrenalectomy
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


4. Hypertension and proteinuria
Wilms' tumor.
An enhancement of KUB.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Wilms' tumor.


5. IVU
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal
An enhancement of KUB.


6. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Lumbar incision


7. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopy


8. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Addison's disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Polycystic kidney disease


9. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Biopsy
Adrenal gland
Tissue samples
More than one million.


10. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Tissue samples


11. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Urinalysis
Testicular cancer


12. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Gibson incision
Subcostal flank incision
End-stage renal disease


13. Function of the medulla
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cryptorchidism


14. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Flank incision
Polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision


15. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
End-stage renal disease
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision


16. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Cushing's syndrome


17. Adrenalectomy
Cushing's syndrome
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Lumbar incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.


18. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease.
An enhancement of KUB.
Gibson incision.


19. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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20. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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21. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Adrenal gland
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias


22. Pheochromacytoma
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


23. Torsion of the testicle
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Gibson incision.


24. Commonly done in a cysto room
IVU
Retrograde urogram
Wilms' tumor.
Cortex and medulla


25. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


26. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Transcostal incision
Addison's disease
Nephrons


27. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Gibson incision
Nephrons
Intercostal incision


28. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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29. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Nephrons


30. Another name for IVU
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


31. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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32. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Addison's disease
Nephrons
End-stage renal disease


33. MIBG
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Renal cell carcinoma
Lumbar incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.


34. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Endoscopic removal
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Epispadias.
Gibson incision


35. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


36. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Hypospadias
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Retrograde urogram
Postadrenalectomy


37. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.


38. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
More than one million.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


39. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Tissue samples
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Twisting


40. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Addison's disease


41. Two treatment options for ESRD.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


42. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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43. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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44. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Epispadias.


45. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Flank incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma


46. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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47. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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48. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Testicular cancer
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma


49. Flank or lumbar incision
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland
End-stage renal disease
IVU


50. What is phimosis?
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Endoscopic removal