Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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2. PKD
Intercostal incision
Scrotal incision
Polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopic removal


3. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Renal cell carcinoma
More than one million.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Twisting


4. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


5. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


6. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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7. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Adrenal gland
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


8. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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9. Flank or lumbar incision
Gibson incision.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular cancer
Adrenal gland


10. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Phimosis
Addison's disease
Addison's disease


11. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Lumbar incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


12. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Addison's disease
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Addison's disease.
Adrenalectomy


13. IVU
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Testicular torsion
Wilms' tumor.
An enhancement of KUB.


14. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Addison's disease
An enhancement of KUB.
End-stage renal disease
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


15. Function of the detrusor muscle
Scrotal incision
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


16. What is PKD?
Testicular torsion
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


17. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


18. Excessive thirst and edema.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


19. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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20. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma


21. What is phimosis?
Addison's disease.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
End-stage renal disease
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


22. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Subcostal flank incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


23. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision
Cryptorchidism


24. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy


25. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Testicular cancer
Addison's disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


26. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Wilms' tumor.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Tissue samples


27. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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28. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Lumbar incision
Renal cell carcinoma


29. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


30. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer


31. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease
Adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


32. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Biopsy
Adrenal gland


33. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
An enhancement of KUB.
Cryptorchidism


34. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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35. Functional units of the kidney
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Nephrons
Twisting of the spermatic cord


36. Autosomal dominant PKD
Testicular cancer
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


37. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Biopsy
Cortex and medulla


38. Three types of PKD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


39. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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40. Torsion
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Retrograde urogram
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Twisting


41. Hypertension and proteinuria
Addison's disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.


42. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism


43. Torsion of the testicle
Scrotal incision
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


44. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
End-stage renal disease
Postadrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


45. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


46. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Transcostal incision
Hypospadias


47. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.


48. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
IVU
Testicular cancer
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


49. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Cryptorchidism


50. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Retrograde urogram
Addison's disease
Flank incision