Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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2. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


3. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Adrenalectomy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.


4. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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5. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Addison's disease.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Hypospadias
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


6. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Nephrons
Cortex and medulla


7. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Urinalysis
Hypospadias
Postadrenalectomy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


8. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Lumbar incision


9. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Cryptorchidism
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
End-stage renal disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


10. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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11. PSA
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopic removal


12. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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13. Autosomal dominant PKD
Scrotal incision
Nephrons
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


14. Diagnosis for ESRD
Wilms' tumor.
Twisting
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


15. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


16. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Epispadias.
Adrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


17. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


18. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


19. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision
Transcostal incision
Wilms' tumor.


20. Torsion
Retrograde urogram
Adrenal gland
Twisting
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.


21. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Flank incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Gibson incision.
Adrenalectomy


22. Function of the detrusor muscle
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Biopsy
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


23. Torsion of the testicle
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Cushing's syndrome
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Scrotal incision


24. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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25. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Postadrenalectomy
Epispadias.


26. Excessive thirst and edema.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
Nephrons


27. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Testicular cancer
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Intercostal incision


28. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease
Endoscopy


29. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Adrenalectomy
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease


30. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Testicular cancer
Cortex and medulla
Phimosis


31. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Circumcision
An enhancement of KUB.
Renal cell carcinoma


32. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Inguinal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


33. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma
Gibson incision.
Phimosis


34. Function of the medulla
Adrenal gland
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


35. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Subcostal flank incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


36. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Urinalysis


37. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
More than one million.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Gibson incision
Polycystic kidney disease


38. Autosomal recessive PKD
Endoscopy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Biopsy
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


39. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Cryptorchidism
Adrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.


40. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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41. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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42. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Twisting


43. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Inguinal incision
Cushing's syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Retrograde urogram


44. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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45. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Inguinal incision
Addison's disease
Retrograde urogram


46. What is phimosis?
Subcostal flank incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Tissue samples
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


47. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Subcostal flank incision
Biopsy


48. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Lumbar incision
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Flank incision
Wilms' tumor.


49. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Subcostal flank incision
Addison's disease


50. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer
Testicular torsion
Wilms' tumor.