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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Wilms' tumor.
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision

2. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Addison's disease
Tissue samples
Renal cell carcinoma
Scrotal incision

3. What is PKD?
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Adrenal gland
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

4. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Nephrons
Testicular cancer
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Adrenalectomy

5. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Circumcision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Gibson incision
Cryptorchidism

6. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Orchiopexy
More than one million.

7. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Biopsy
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.

8. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Gibson incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

9. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Addison's disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Orchiopexy

10. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Transcostal incision
Cryptorchidism

11. Hypertension and proteinuria
Renal cell carcinoma
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Retrograde urogram

12. Adrenalectomy
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Urinalysis
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

13. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision

14. Excessive thirst and edema.
Endoscopic removal
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Hypospadias

15. Injection of a contrast medium.
Transcostal incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
IVU
End-stage renal disease

16. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Adrenal gland
Retrograde urogram
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

17. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Flank incision
Scrotal incision
Adrenalectomy

18. MIBG
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Wilms' tumor.

19. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

20. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Cortex and medulla
Wilms' tumor.

21. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Phimosis
Tissue samples
Testicular cancer
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.

22. PSA
Adrenalectomy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Wilms' tumor.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

23. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Nephrons
Addison's disease
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

24. What is a KUB?
More than one million.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

25. Function of the detrusor muscle
An enhancement of KUB.
Cortex and medulla
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

26. Another name for IVU
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Circumcision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

27. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

28. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Postadrenalectomy

29. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

30. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
Intercostal incision

31. Autosomal recessive PKD
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
More than one million.

32. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Testicular cancer
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Nephrons
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

33. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Epispadias.
Hypospadias
Inguinal incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

34. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Polycystic kidney disease
Inguinal incision
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

35. Pheochromacytoma
Urinalysis
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

36. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Scrotal incision

37. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

38. Flank or lumbar incision
Cryptorchidism
Adrenal gland
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

39. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
End-stage renal disease

40. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular torsion
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

41. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Subcostal flank incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

42. PKD
Testicular cancer
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Polycystic kidney disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

43. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

44. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Renal cell carcinoma
Tissue samples

45. The single most important laboratory examination.
Gibson incision.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.
Urinalysis

46. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Epispadias.
Cushing's syndrome
Testicular cancer
End-stage renal disease

47. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Flank incision

48. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Endoscopy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

49. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

50. Autosomal dominant PKD
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Inguinal incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Cortex and medulla