Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
• If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Transcostal incision
Gibson incision


2. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Addison's disease
Testicular cancer
Tissue samples


3. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Addison's disease.
Transcostal incision
Gibson incision.


4. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Subcostal flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.


5. Excessive thirst and edema.
Endoscopy
Wilms' tumor.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Orchiopexy


6. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Inguinal incision
Circumcision
Cryptorchidism
Flank incision


7. Another name for IVU
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma


8. Function of the medulla
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Biopsy
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


9. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Urinalysis
Phimosis
Subcostal flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


10. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Flank incision


11. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision


12. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Epispadias.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Testicular cancer


13. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Scrotal incision
Hypospadias
IVU


14. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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15. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.


16. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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17. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Tissue samples
Cryptorchidism
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting


18. Retrograde urogram
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Wilms' tumor.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


19. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Hypospadias
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Twisting


20. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


21. Three types of PKD.
Circumcision
Wilms' tumor.
Cryptorchidism
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


22. Injection of a contrast medium.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Adrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram
IVU


23. What is PKD?
End-stage renal disease
Cushing's syndrome
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Wilms' tumor.


24. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Twisting
Intercostal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


25. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Flank incision
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Wilms' tumor.
More than one million.


26. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Twisting
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


27. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Circumcision
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


28. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Endoscopy
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease
Addison's disease


29. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Epispadias.
Lumbar incision
Twisting
Scrotal incision


30. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Testicular cancer
Flank incision


31. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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32. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
An enhancement of KUB.
Testicular cancer


33. Function of the cortex
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Endoscopy
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
End-stage renal disease


34. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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35. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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36. PKD
Circumcision
Polycystic kidney disease
Epispadias.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.


37. Commonly done in a cysto room
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Retrograde urogram
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma


38. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


39. The single most important laboratory examination.
Endoscopy
Endoscopic removal
Urinalysis
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.


40. Autosomal dominant PKD
Renal cell carcinoma
IVU
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Addison's disease.


41. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Wilms' tumor.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.


42. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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43. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Adrenalectomy
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Biopsy


44. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Phimosis
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Gibson incision
Inguinal incision


45. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Addison's disease
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer


46. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Cryptorchidism
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.


47. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Addison's disease
Flank incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Biopsy


48. Treatment of certain types of reproductive malignancies.
Adrenalectomy
Intercostal incision
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.


49. Torsion
End-stage renal disease
Retrograde urogram
Twisting
Endoscopy


50. Ellik evacuator
Testicular cancer
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.