Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ultrasound - CT - and MRI will aid in diagnosing the extent of the tumor and any metastasis.

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2. Injection of a contrast medium.
IVU
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)


3. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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4. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Addison's disease.
Tissue samples
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)


5. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision
Biopsy
Testicular cancer


6. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

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7. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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8. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism


9. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Flank incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Hypospadias


10. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Subcostal flank incision
End-stage renal disease
Tissue samples
Wilms' tumor.


11. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

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12. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Endoscopic removal
Cryptorchidism
Circumcision


13. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Addison's disease.
Urinalysis
Scrotal incision


14. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Testicular cancer


15. PSA
Cryptorchidism
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Lumbar incision
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


16. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Wilms' tumor.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


17. Ellik evacuator
Testicular cancer
Circumcision
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


18. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Wilms' tumor.
Biopsy
End-stage renal disease
Cryptorchidism


19. Pheochromacytoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Retrograde urogram
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.


20. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism


21. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


22. Hypertension and proteinuria
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


23. Function of the medulla
Gibson incision.
An enhancement of KUB.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Cortex and medulla


24. Torsion
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Adrenalectomy
Twisting
Subcostal flank incision


25. Function of the detrusor muscle
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


26. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy
Subcostal flank incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.


27. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Wilms' tumor.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


28. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
An enhancement of KUB.
Phimosis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Renal cell carcinoma


29. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.

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30. PKD
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Polycystic kidney disease


31. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.


32. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Gibson incision.
Twisting
Wilms' tumor.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


33. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


34. Retrograde urogram
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
End-stage renal disease
Gibson incision.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.


35. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Cryptorchidism
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma


36. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Addison's disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Epispadias.


37. The single most important laboratory examination.
Lumbar incision
Urinalysis
Adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy


38. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Cushing's syndrome
Endoscopy
An enhancement of KUB.
Urinalysis


39. Best for nonmalignant masses.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Gibson incision.
Wilms' tumor.
Endoscopic removal


40. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma


41. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
IVU


42. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

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43. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Renal cell carcinoma
Epispadias.
Retrograde urogram
Cryptorchidism


44. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.


45. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Testicular cancer


46. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Epispadias.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


47. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Gibson incision.
Circumcision


48. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Cryptorchidism
Addison's disease
Flank incision
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.


49. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

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50. What is phimosis?
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.