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Genitourinary Surgery

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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
End-stage renal disease
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.

2. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Wilms' tumor.
Phimosis
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

3. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Intercostal incision
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

4. Torsion
Twisting
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Testicular torsion

5. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Endoscopic removal
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

6. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy
Scrotal incision

7. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

8. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision
Renal cell carcinoma

9. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting
Gibson incision

10. MIBG
Inguinal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.

11. Commonly done in a cysto room
Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

12. Adrenalectomy
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

13. Excessive thirst and edema.
Renal cell carcinoma
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Cryptorchidism

14. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Orchiopexy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Hypospadias

15. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Adrenal gland

16. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Flank incision
Gibson incision.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Postadrenalectomy

17. The single most important laboratory examination.
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Urinalysis

18. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Urinalysis
Hypospadias
Addison's disease.
Wilms' tumor.

19. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

20. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

21. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Transcostal incision
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Biopsy

22. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

23. Functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
Inguinal incision
Wilms' tumor.
Wilms' tumor.

24. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
Gibson incision.

25. PKD
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease
Testicular cancer
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

26. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Endoscopic removal
Cortex and medulla
Renal cell carcinoma

27. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
More than one million.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

28. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
IVU
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Retrograde urogram

29. PSA
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

30. 5 year survival rate around 75%.
Adrenal gland
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
IVU
Renal cell carcinoma

31. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Endoscopy
Adrenal gland
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

32. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Retrograde urogram
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.

33. What is a KUB?
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma

34. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Hypospadias
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Addison's disease
End-stage renal disease

35. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Lumbar incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Adrenalectomy
Polycystic kidney disease

36. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

37. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Circumcision
Twisting
Adrenal gland
Renal cell carcinoma

38. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Gibson incision
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
IVU

39. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Lumbar incision
Transcostal incision
Polycystic kidney disease

40. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Subcostal flank incision
Testicular cancer
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease

41. Another name for IVU
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Intercostal incision
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

42. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Renal cell carcinoma
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer

43. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Adrenalectomy
Testicular torsion
IVU
Hypospadias

44. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

45. IVU
An enhancement of KUB.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram

46. Retrograde urogram
Renal cell carcinoma
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

47. Torsion of the testicle
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Addison's disease.

48. Function of the cortex
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Gibson incision.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Addison's disease

49. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

50. May be a complication of certain illnesses such as TB and AIDS.