Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

• Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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• Match each statement with the correct term.
• Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Urethral opening occurs in the vagina of the female.
Hypospadias
Inguinal incision
Intercostal incision
Tissue samples


2. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Wilms' tumor.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Endoscopy


3. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
Adrenal gland
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.


4. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Testicular cancer
Cushing's syndrome
Biopsy
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.


5. KUB stands for?
Addison's disease.
Testicular torsion
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Polycystic kidney disease


6. Function of the detrusor muscle
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Wilms' tumor.


7. Congenital nephroblastoma is also called

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8. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Renal cell carcinoma
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease


9. PKD
Addison's disease
Polycystic kidney disease
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.


10. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) may be used.
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision


11. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Flank incision
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Inguinal incision


12. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Cortex and medulla
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.


13. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Inguinal incision


14. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Wilms' tumor.
Gibson incision


15. Function of the cortex
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Wilms' tumor.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Polycystic kidney disease


16. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Hypospadias
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


17. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Testicular cancer
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
Gibson incision.
Retrograde urogram


18. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Endoscopy
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Testicular torsion


19. Torsion of the testicle
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Twisting of the spermatic cord


20. Directly linked to cigarette smoking and heredity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Circumcision
Orchiopexy


21. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

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22. Severely decreased or no urine output.
Cryptorchidism
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Cryptorchidism
End-stage renal disease


23. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Phimosis
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.


24. Autosomal recessive PKD
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Cryptorchidism
Wilms' tumor.


25. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scans.
Phimosis
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Renal cell carcinoma


26. Pheochromacytoma
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Adrenalectomy
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.


27. Radical nephrectomy recommended if it has not spread.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal
Tissue samples


28. Torsion
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Twisting
Orchiopexy
More than one million.


29. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Tissue samples
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.


30. Surgical removal of the affected kidney is recommended and should be followed by radiation and chemotherapy. If treated prior to metastasis the 5-year survival rate is 90%.

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31. Recommended for severe phimosis.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Wilms' tumor.
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.
Circumcision


32. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
An enhancement of KUB.
Adrenal gland
Wilms' tumor.


33. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Wilms' tumor.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Twisting
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.


34. What is the treatment for Cushing's syndrome?
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Biopsy
Flank incision
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.


35. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Renal cell carcinoma
Orchiopexy
Epispadias.
Cryptorchidism


36. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

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37. Commonly done in a cysto room
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Gibson incision
Retrograde urogram
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.


38. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Epispadias.
Biopsy
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).


39. Flank or lumbar incision
Hypospadias
Adrenal gland
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer


40. Hypertension and proteinuria
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Renal cell carcinoma
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.


41. Incision - low lying kidney or mid to upper ureter
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Hypospadias
Subcostal flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma


42. Should be performed as soon as possible to prevent testicular torsion from reoccuring.
Scrotal incision
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Flank incision
Orchiopexy


43. The most common type of kidney cancer.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Biopsy
Wilms' tumor.


44. Disorder commonly associated with premature birth - and accompanied by an inguinal hernia.
Cryptorchidism
Testicular torsion
Cushing's syndrome
Renal cell carcinoma


45. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Flank incision
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
Orchiopexy
Renal cell carcinoma


46. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Intercostal incision
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
Testicular cancer


47. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Phimosis
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Postadrenalectomy


48. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

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49. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
More than one million.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Flank incision
Urinalysis


50. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Lumbar incision
Adrenalectomy
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
End-stage renal disease