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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Function of the medulla
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Adrenalectomy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease

2. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
End-stage renal disease
Tissue samples
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

3. Torsion
Twisting
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Adrenalectomy

4. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Addison's disease.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.

5. Incision often used to access the scrotal contents of an adult or child.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Intercostal incision
Inguinal incision
Flank incision

6. Pheochromacytoma
Gibson incision.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Transcostal incision

7. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Testicular cancer
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

8. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Hypospadias
Renal cell carcinoma
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

9. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Testicular torsion
Flank incision
More than one million.

10. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Wilms' tumor.
Epispadias.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Cryptorchidism

11. Diagnosis for ESRD
Polycystic kidney disease
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

12. Two causes for Cushings' syndrome
More than one million.
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).
Renal cell carcinoma
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.

13. Three types of PKD.
An enhancement of KUB.
Polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Biopsy

14. Excessive thirst and edema.
Wilms' tumor.
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Addison's disease

15. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.

16. KUB stands for?
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Biopsy
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

17. Function of the cortex
Orchiopexy
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

18. Hypertension and proteinuria
Addison's disease.
Postadrenalectomy
Retrograde urogram
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy

19. Done endoscopically or via a traditional incision.
Adrenalectomy
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
Endoscopic removal

20. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Epispadias.
Endoscopy
Cryptorchidism

21. Diabetic nephropathy other names.
Addison's disease.
IVU
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Wilms' tumor.

22. Functional units of the kidney
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Wilms' tumor.
Nephrons

23. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Testicular cancer
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

24. Diagnosis accomplished with biochemical laboratory teste and radiological examinations.

25. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
Epispadias.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Circumcision
Flank incision

26. Central body obesity - glucose intolerance - hypertension - hirsutism - osteoporosis - kidney stone formation - emotional instability - menstrual irregularity.

27. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
Adrenal gland
Lumbar incision
End-stage renal disease
Testicular cancer

28. Follow-up care may include lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
Postadrenalectomy
Testicular cancer
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Addison's disease.

29. A condition affecting the prepuce/foreskin.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Endoscopy
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Phimosis

30. The most common type of kidney cancer.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

31. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Hypospadias
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
IVU

32. Important tools in diagnosing tumors and obstructions of the genitourinary tract.

33. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Addison's disease.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Gibson incision
Flank incision

34. Weight loss - weakness and fatigue - GI disturbances - low blood pressure - darkening of the skin - hair loss - and dramatic mood and behavior changes.

35. 50% of all persons affected progress to kidney failure or ESRD.
Inguinal incision
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Addison's disease
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

36. Injection of a contrast medium.
Scrotal incision
IVU
Retrograde urogram
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

37. Torsion of the testicle
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Tissue samples
Testicular cancer

38. PKD
Cortex and medulla
Cryptorchidism
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma

39. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

40. Incision used to access the scrotal contents.
Wilms' tumor.
Transcostal incision
Scrotal incision
Endoscopy

41. Family history is probably the most important factor in diagnosing.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.
Scrotal incision

42. Autosomal dominant PKD
Cryptorchidism
Hypospadias
Scrotal incision
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.

43. PSA
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.

44. Three cavernous structures of the penis.
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.
Cryptorchidism
Gibson incision
The two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side that lie side by side. The corpus spongiosum which lies in the midline below the former structures.

45. Commonly done in a cysto room
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Cushing's syndrome
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Retrograde urogram

46. Incision - provides limited exposure - used for adrenalectomy - renal biopsy - or removal of a small low-lying kidney.
Cryptorchidism
Lumbar incision
Testicular cancer
Flank incision

47. MIBG
Cushing's syndrome
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease - and diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

48. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Twisting of the spermatic cord
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

49. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Tissue samples
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Inguinal incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

50. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Lumbar incision
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Gibson incision.