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Genitourinary Surgery

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. The single most important laboratory examination.
Useful in determining cancer of the prostate.
Adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Urinalysis

2. Approximate number of nephrons in each kidney
Lumbar incision
Postadrenalectomy
More than one million.
Subcostal flank incision

3. Incision - planned between the 11th and 12th rib - involves separation rather than resection.
Intercostal incision
Addison's disease
Inguinal incision
Flank incision

4. 90% of the cases only one kidney is affected.

5. Affects men twice as often as women and appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.
Renal cell carcinoma
Hypospadias
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.

6. Incision involves cutting the muscles.
Urinalysis
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Flank incision

7. The developmental absence of the anterior wall of the urethra.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Epispadias.
Scrotal incision
Twisting

8. What is phimosis?
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
A condition that prevents the foreskin from retracting over the glans penis.
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms' tumor.

9. Flank or lumbar incision
Adrenal gland
Adrenalectomy
Inherited - extremely rare - affects young children.
More than one million.

10. Severely decreased or no urine output.
End-stage renal disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

11. Incision - exposes the entire kidney.
Hypospadias
Wilms' tumor.
Transcostal incision
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.

12. One or both testicles fail to descend to the final destination in the scrotum after the first year of life.
PKD/polycystic kidney disease
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Cryptorchidism

13. Incision - direct access provided to the adrenal gland - kidney - and proximal ureter.
A nuclear medicine study that is designed to detect and locate pheochromocytoma.
Wilms' tumor.
Flank incision
Nephrons

14. Function of the medulla
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
End-stage renal disease
Tissue samples
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

15. A malignance affecting the kidney that occurs in children primarily between the ages of 3 and 4.

16. Commonly done in a cysto room
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Retrograde urogram
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Postadrenalectomy

17. Usually strikes young men between the ages of 20 and 40.
Subcostal flank incision
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular cancer
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.

18. Two conditions that often lead to ESRD.
Polycystic kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy.
Twisting
Adrenalectomy
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.

19. Treated through an inguinal incision.
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Postadrenalectomy
Renal cell carcinoma
Cryptorchidism

20. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy - medication for pain - there is no cure.
An anterior to posterior radiographic view of the urinary system.
Polycystic kidney disease
Twisting
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.

21. Four basic chemical types of urinary calculi.
Calcium-based 75% - struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate 15% - uric acid - cystine.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Flank incision
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

22. Incision used for implantation of a donor kidney.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Forcefully removes tumor segments and blood clots from the bladder.
A tumor affecting the medulla of the adrenal gland causing an overproduction of adrenaline.
Gibson incision

23. Three types of PKD.
Autosomal dominant - autosomal recessive - acquired cystic kidney disease.
Urinalysis
Scrotal incision
Primary cause is a pituitary tumor (overproduction of ACTH) - tumor of the adrenal cortex (may be benign or malignant).

24. Two portions of the adrenal gland
Cortex and medulla
Wilms' tumor.
Renal cell carcinoma
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

25. A normal part of aging affecting most men over the age of 50.
Transcostal incision
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Renal cell carcinoma
Postadrenalectomy

26. Diagnosis for ESRD
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Endoscopy
Epispadias.

27. Injection of a contrast medium.
Addison's disease
IVU
Addison's disease
Renal cell carcinoma

28. Hormone replacement with corticosteroids is essential for life.

29. Acquired cystic kidney disease
Biopsy
Flank incision
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.

30. Obtained using percutaneous - endoscopic - and open methods.
Tissue samples
Endoscopy
Adrenalectomy
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.

31. Classic symptoms of Pheochromacytoma.
Twisting
Addison's disease.
Orchiopexy
Severe headaches - excess sweating - tachycardia-palpitations - anxiety - tremor - pain in the epigastric region - weight loss - and heat intolerance.

32. Seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis.
Pituitary tumors - surgical removal or radiation therapy. Benign adrenal tumors - removed endoscopically - malignant tumors - surgical removal.
Renal cell carcinoma
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.

33. Usually performed because of a tumor - causes Cushing's syndrome or pheochromocytoma.
Adrenalectomy
Urinalysis
Polycystic kidney disease
Emptying the bladder and closing the bladder orifice.

34. PKD
Orchiopexy
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Polycystic kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma of the renal cells.

35. Incision used to access the lower portion of the ureter.
Regular X-rays - ultrasound - CT scan - and MRI's.
Gibson incision.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.

36. The only way to accurately determine the presence of malignancy and the exact cell type.
Inherited - develops between the ages of 30 and 40 - 90% of all PKD fall into this category.
Biopsy
Renal cell carcinoma
Retrograde urogram

37. A malignant change to cells lining the renal tubule - producing hematuria - flank pain - the presence of a palpable mass - hypertension - fatigue - and weight loss.
Wilms' tumor.
When the kidneys are functioning at less than 10% of normal capacity.
Renal cell carcinoma
Addison's disease

38. Includes increased BUN and creatinine levels.
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
Testicular torsion
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

39. Torsion of the testicle
Testicular cancer
Urinalysis
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Inguinal incision

40. Malaise - fatigue - headache - hypertension - and decreased mental alertness.
Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease/diabetic nephropathy
Develops in patients with long-term kidney problems - symptoms occur later in life.
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
End-stage renal disease

41. Two treatment options for ESRD.
Dialysis and kidney transplant.
Diabetic nephropathy/Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease.
Secretes steroid-type hormones essential to the control of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Endoscopy

42. May reduce or obstruct blood flow and produce ischemia or necrosis.
Testicular torsion
Addison's disease
Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.
More than one million.

43. Infants with cryptorchidism are at higher risk than the general population
PKD/polycystic kidney disease.
Testicular cancer
Wilms' tumor.
End-stage renal disease

44. KUB stands for?
Adrenalectomy
Kidney - ureters - and bladder.
Orchiopexy
Biopsy

45. Retrograde urogram
The surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands.
Testicular cancer
Cushing's syndrome
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.

46. Orchiectomy is recommended and follow-up treatment with radiation or chemotherapy.
Testicular cancer
When the parenchyma of the kidney is replaced by multiple fluid-filled benign cysts.
Flank incision
Renal cell carcinoma

47. Incision of choice for radical orchiectomy.
Cryptorchidism
Inguinal incision
Contrast medium is injected into the ureters with the use of a cystoscope because of an obstruction.
Circumcision

48. The urethral opening occurs on the underside of the penis/on the perineum of the male.
Endoscopy
Hypospadias
Addison's disease
Wilms' tumor.

49. Why does the ureter run obliquely through the bladder wall?
It allows the bladder to prevent reflux through muscular contraction upon the ureter.
Intercostal incision
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

50. Allows for visualization of the affected structures.
Wilms' tumor.
Testicular torsion
Endoscopy
Nephrons