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Test your basic knowledge |
GIAC
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
certifications
,
giac
,
it-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Uses a 1 to 1 substitution of characters - rotate the alphabet by 'n' number of characters - rot+X means rotate the letters X characters
Some firewall benefits
Browsing attack
The TCP/IP model
Rotation?
2. Known - unknown - zero day
What categories do vulnerabilities fall into?
To establish a TCP session
Some common TCP ports
When talking about protocols and referencing layers - what stack is used
3. Small program triggered by an event that provides an action. E.g. scheduled file removal if countdown isn't reset - ie: employee was fired
Some FTP dangers
The CIA triad
Logic bomb
Honeypot
4. Wide Area Network - Larger than MAN or LAN - uses public network - phone lines - and leased lines to tie LAN and MAN over a dispersed area
UDP packet headers
OS Command Injection defenses
When talking about protocols and referencing layers - what stack is used
WAN
5. Simple attack done by simply browsing available information that's allowed on a local network.
Browsing attack
Integrity of Data
Snort
What's a VLAN
6. Migrate to WPA2 - use strong authentication like PEAP or TTLS - audit network installations - require mutual auth between client and infrastructure equipment
The three goals of security
File Integrity checking work
Best way to protect wireless networks
The goals of cryptography
7. One is for talking - one is for implementing
The difference in stacks
Brute force
Boot record infector
Nmap scanning techniques
8. Uniform protection - protected enclaves - information centric - threat vector analysis
The four basic approaches to defense in depth
NIDS advantages
The data link layer
What threats should be protected against - based on threat levels
9. rules indicate criteria in packets that represent events of interest - rules are applied to packets as they are received - alerts are created when matches are found
IDS signature analysis work
Some reasons to use TCP over UDP
MAN
Hping
10. A spoofed IP is used to send a SYN to the target. It then responds with a SYN/ACK that never receives the final ACK to complete the handshake. This occupies a portion of the target's pre-established buffer for TCP and can prevent the target from acce
SYN flood
Datagram length of a UDP packet
The physical layer stack
Some other UDP based protocols
11. Used for connecting two physical segments of a network - segments traffic - breaks up collision domains - not generally used because of switches
OS Command Injection defenses
Bridge
Multi protocol label switching
What range is a class A network?
12. Trying to ID modems in a telephone exchange that may be susceptible to compromise
War Dialing
Best way to protect wireless networks
A network protocol
NIDS challenges
13. War dialing - war driving - Sniffing - eavesdropping - dumpster diving - social engineering
Nmap
NIDS advantages
Some Pen Test techniques
Browsing attack
14. fast - with little fidelity - examines header information and limited payload data
Shallow packet inspection
The Uniform Protection to defense in depth
Anomaly analysis work
Some external threat concerns
15. 20 - FTP data - 21 - FTP - 23 - Telnet - 25 - SNMP - 53 - DNS - 79 - Finger - 80 - HTTP - 110 - POP - 443 - HTTPS
Some common TCP ports
What primary threats should be protected against
Bridge
Some NIDS topology limitations
16. Provides insight into traffic on the network - help detect problems with network operations - provides auditing for other security measures
To establish a TCP session
NIDS advantages
The goals of cryptography
The session layer
17. Protects internal/external systems from attack - filters communications based on content - performs NAT - encrypts communications for VPN - logging to aid in intrusion detection
Social engineering
Some firewall benefits
File Integrity checking work
War Dialing
18. An attempt to gain access by bombarding it with guesses until the password is found.
Brute force
The conficker worm
IDS not
Boot record infector
19. Connection oriented - before systems can communicate over an ATM network - they must establish a virtual circuit between each other - this can span across multiple ATM switches that also handle communications for other systems - at the end of the con
Total cell size for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
ATM work
The different cable categories
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
20. UDP based infection - infected through vulnerability in SQL server - caused DoS on saturated networks
SQL Slammer Worm
Address resolution protocol
NAC
NIDS challenges
21. keeps the same letters - but changes the position within the text - easy to break - can be combined with substitution
Some firewall benefits
Permutation
Internet
Some other UDP based protocols
22. The Practice of sending an ACK inside another packet going to the same destination
MAN
Ack Piggybacking
Log monitoring work?
Some reasons to use UDP over TCP
23. Switches along the path can be requested to allocate the desired amount of bandwidth. If the circuit has the required bandwidth - the circuit is set up.
Rotation?
Router
When setting up a virtual circuit
Some other UDP based protocols
24. packet filter firewalls rely on TCP flags to determine connection state. Attacker can send ACK packets only to bypass firewall.
No State Inspection ACK flag set
Router
Some firewall challenges
DDoS attack
25. Switches networks make it difficult to monitor traffic in promiscuous mode - topology must be able to support traffic aggregation for monitoring
What range is a class B network?
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Some honeypot advantages
Some NIDS topology limitations
26. Most commonly used transport protocol today - ensures reliable packet delivery - has error handling built in
ACK piggybacking
What range is a class A network?
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Overview of TCP
27. Anonymous FTP - FTP passes through clear text - Bounce attacks with the PORT command - user can cause an FTP to open a connection from the FTP's own commands and bypass a firewall
Defense in depth
Some FTP dangers
Proxy or application gateway
Parasitic malware
28. Confidentiality - symmetric encryption
Defense in depth
The goals of cryptography
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Router
29. 53 bytes - 48 bytes for data - 5 bytes for the header
Total cell size for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
Multi protocol label switching
The physical layer stack
MAN
30. Protocol for mapping an IP address to a physical machine address that is recognized on the local network - A table - usually called the ARP cache - is used to maintain a correlation between each MAC and it's corresponding IP address
Some firewall benefits
The four basic approaches to defense in depth
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Honeyd
31. Syn - Syn/Ack - Ack
No State Inspection ACK flag set
What categories do vulnerabilities fall into?
To establish a TCP session
Smurf attack
32. Very simplistic. All systems are attached to the same cable segment. Rarely used because they're unreliable - low fault tolerance - poor traffic isolation - with limited scalability
Multi protocol label switching
UDP packet headers
Bus Topology
Permutation
33. 1 and 2 - Voice/Low speed data - 3 - Voice/Data 10Mb - 4 - Voice/Data 16Mb - 5 - 5e - Voice/Data 100Mb to 1Gb - 6 - Standard for gigabit
Smurf attack
Macro virus
The different cable categories
Hping
34. Slow - requires stateful data tracking - inspects all fields - including variable-length fields
Some reasons to use TCP over UDP
When talking about protocols and referencing layers - what stack is used
Deep packet inspection
NIDS challenges
35. Handles transmissions across the physical media like wires - fiber - etc
The physical layer stack
Some firewall benefits
Some common TCP ports
Some common UDP ports
36. A time of check/time of use attack that exploits the difference in between when a security control was applied and the time the service was used.
Race conditions
IDS data normalization
3-way handshake
What's an easy way to test encryption?
37. 1.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.255 - subnet mask starts at 255.0.0.0
ATM work
Alteration of code
HIDS monitor
What range is a class A network?
38. FIN 130 - ACK 131 - FIN 570 - ACK 571
The three goals of security
To close a TCP session
Risk
Anomaly analysis work
39. A system resource that has no legitimate purpose or reason for someone to connect to it - its purpose is to draw in attackers to understand how they break into a system
What range is a class A network?
Honeypot
WAN
SYN flood
40. ATM supports two types of virtual circuits: permanent virtual circuits and switches virtual circuit - PVC is set up in advance - usually manually - SVC is established automatically through a signaling protocol and can be created on the fly - establis
Snort
Switches
Types of ATM virtual circuits
The CIA triad
41. Common backdoor to open a port - port scan scans for open ports on remote host - scans 0 - 65 -535 twice. TCP and UDP
Address resolution protocol
Port scan
NIDS advantages
LAN
42. Bits of code embedded in programs to quickly gain access at a later time
The four basic approaches to defense in depth
Switches
Trap door
Network stumbler
43. Unified data carrying service - replacing from replay and ATM
Overview of TCP
Multi protocol label switching
Some malware capabilities
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
44. Replicates traffic onto all ports - no traffic monitoring - cannot control which ports should or shouldn't receive frames - forming a large collision domain.
Hubs
The four types of events reported by IDS
What's a VLAN
The TCP/IP model
45. Attaches itself to existing program files and activated when the exe is launched
Some reasons to use TCP over UDP
Rotation?
COM/Script program infector
Program infector
46. Not a replacement for firewalls - hardening - strong policies - or other DiD methods - low maintenance - inexpensive
War Dialing
File Integrity checking work
IDS not
Vulnerabilities
47. Means multiple iterations won't matter. If you encrypt with a key - then re-encrypt - it's the same as using one key.
LAN
Buffer overflow
Group
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
48. 128.0.0.0 through 191.255.255.255 - with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0
Some firewall benefits
What range is a class B network?
What categories do vulnerabilities fall into?
Honeypot
49. Protected at rest - protected in transit - secure the key
PAN
Some disadvantages of honeypots
What ways should the crypto key be protected?
Bus Topology
50. Intrusion detection system - it reports attacks against monitored systems/networks
EXE program infector
IDS not
Some other UDP based protocols
IDS