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Test your basic knowledge |
GIAC
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
certifications
,
giac
,
it-skills
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Worms and Wireless - modems - tunnel anything through HTTP - social engineering
Some ways to bypass firewall protections
The three goals of security
Datagram length of a UDP packet
A blind FTP
2. Publish separate mail - web - and DNS servers to the internet - provide appropriate access from internal network to internet - protect internal from external attack - provide defense in depth - protect all aspects of the system
What threats should be protected against - based on threat levels
Some network design objectives
Honeyd
What range is a class C network?
3. A spoofed IP is used to send a SYN to the target. It then responds with a SYN/ACK that never receives the final ACK to complete the handshake. This occupies a portion of the target's pre-established buffer for TCP and can prevent the target from acce
SYN flood
TFTP
The presentation layer
Stateless packet filter
4. Means multiple iterations won't matter. If you encrypt with a key - then re-encrypt - it's the same as using one key.
The CIA triad
Integrity of Data
the application layer
Group
5. deployment challenges including topology and access limitations - analyzing encrypted traffic - quantity vs. quality of signatures - performance limitations with extensive analysis techniques - very costly for proper management
Some disadvantages of honeypots
Some malware capabilities
The presentation layer
NIDS challenges
6. Most common approach - firewall - VPN - intrusion detection - AV - disk encryption - all parts of the organization receive equal protection - particularly vulnerable to malicious inside attacks
Some NIDS topology limitations
Types of viruses
Datagram length of a UDP packet
The Uniform Protection to defense in depth
7. Simple attack done by simply browsing available information that's allowed on a local network.
The four basic approaches to defense in depth
Browsing attack
Social engineering
Port scan
8. 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.255 - subnet mask of 255.255.255.0
The presentation layer
What range is a class C network?
Bus Topology
Types of ATM virtual circuits
9. Simplest form of a research honeypot - useful in identifying nature of TCP scans - allows attacker to complete 3-way handshake - listens on a defined port - logs incoming requests for analysis
A netcat listener
The TCP/IP model
the application layer
NIDS challenges
10. Uses inclusive or exclusive lists - inclusive analysis utilizes a list of keywords - exclusive analysis utilizes a list of events that can be ignored
NIDS challenges
The TCP/IP model
Log monitoring work?
Hubs
11. Full open - half open (stealth scan) - UDP - Ping
Nmap scanning techniques
Some ways to bypass firewall protections
Overview of TCP
HIDS monitor
12. Uses flow control to handle network congestion - can send larger amounts of data per packet - has guaranteed delivery of transmitted data - better protection against spoofing - reduces need for error checking at higher OSI layers
When setting up a virtual circuit
ATM work
Denial of service
Some reasons to use TCP over UDP
13. Metropolitan area network - spans across city or town - larger than a LAN - uses fiber for backbone
Bridge
MAN
To close a TCP session
No State Inspection ACK flag set
14. size is whatever the length of the UDP portion of the packet. Could be as large as 65 -535
What categories do vulnerabilities fall into?
Datagram length of a UDP packet
The protected enclave to defense in depth
Deep packet inspection
15. Small program triggered by an event that provides an action. E.g. scheduled file removal if countdown isn't reset - ie: employee was fired
Logic bomb
Rotation?
Some firewall challenges
Vulnerabilities
16. Connects the physical part of the network (cables) with the abstract (packets and datastreams)
Checksum in UDP
Some firewall benefits
The data link layer
The OSI model
17. 1 and 2 - Voice/Low speed data - 3 - Voice/Data 10Mb - 4 - Voice/Data 16Mb - 5 - 5e - Voice/Data 100Mb to 1Gb - 6 - Standard for gigabit
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
The different cable categories
What categories do vulnerabilities fall into?
The three goals of security
18. Uses a 1 to 1 substitution of characters - rotate the alphabet by 'n' number of characters - rot+X means rotate the letters X characters
Rotation?
Some reasons to use TCP over UDP
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Arbitrary substitution
19. Netmasks or subnets provide a method for identifying what portion of an address is the network - and what portion is the host
Ack Piggybacking
Nmap
Defense in depth
A netmask
20. When someone has compromised the integrity of data or a program. Allows attackers to create backdoors.
SQL Slammer Worm
Alteration of code
Race conditions
What threats should be protected against - based on threat levels
21. fast - with little fidelity - examines header information and limited payload data
Some external threat concerns
Shallow packet inspection
Snort
The conficker worm
22. It interacts with the application layer to determine which network services will be required
Firewall
Some reasons to use TCP over UDP
Some firewall challenges
the application layer
23. A low end firewall that can quickly be deployed using existing hardware. They examine packets themselves with no content.
SQL Slammer Worm
NIDS challenges
Some common TCP ports
Stateless packet filter
24. Allows admins to remotely access a system for troubleshooting. - E.g VNC - GoToMyPc - PC Anywhere
Stateful firewall
Hubs
Remote maintenance
Total cell size for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
25. Program disguised as something helpful - only to perform actions the user did not intend. Opening ports - installing other programs - etc.
NIDS advantages
The threat vector analysis in defense in depth
Trap door
Trojan horse
26. Switches along the path can be requested to allocate the desired amount of bandwidth. If the circuit has the required bandwidth - the circuit is set up.
the application layer
Trojan horse
When setting up a virtual circuit
A netmask
27. flags anomalous conditions in traffic on the network - requires understanding on what is normal - bases good traffic as a baseline
Some honeypot advantages
The physical layer stack
Anomaly analysis work
Brute force
28. Network scanner.
The four types of events reported by IDS
COM/Script program infector
Nmap
Trap door
29. Infects the EXE and make them operate slightly different - when infected - exe header sizes are altered to point to the appended viral code
IDS signature analysis work
A netcat listener
EXE program infector
Integrity of Data
30. -Malicious code might execute destructive overwrite to hard disks -Malicious mas mailing code might expose sensitive information to the internet - web server compromise might expose organization to ridicule - Web server compromise might expose custom
Some external threat concerns
Smurf attack
Arbitrary substitution
What's a VLAN
31. A system resource that has no legitimate purpose or reason for someone to connect to it - its purpose is to draw in attackers to understand how they break into a system
Some honeypot advantages
Honeypot
Integrity of Data
IDS not
32. Stateful firewalls maintain state of traffic flows
Stateful firewall
Smurf attack
What threats should be protected against - based on threat levels
Ciphertext
33. Spread as an office attachment with executable code programmed using macro facility - targets are data files - visual basic editor and other macro languages - payload executes when the code is launched
Rotation?
Macro virus
Honeyd
The session layer
34. Bits of code embedded in programs to quickly gain access at a later time
What's an easy way to test encryption?
Some types of malicious code
UDP packet headers
Trap door
35. Hash Authentication - asymmetric - non repudiation - digital signature - hash + asymmetry
Integrity of Data
Snort
Types of ATM virtual circuits
Race conditions
36. War dialing - war driving - Sniffing - eavesdropping - dumpster diving - social engineering
The TCP/IP model
Some Pen Test techniques
DDoS attack
The transport layer
37. 1.0.0.0 through 127.255.255.255 - subnet mask starts at 255.0.0.0
NIDS challenges
Log monitoring work?
What range is a class A network?
Nmap scanning techniques
38. Trying to ID modems in a telephone exchange that may be susceptible to compromise
Some other UDP based protocols
Macro virus
War Dialing
Multi protocol label switching
39. An FTP that allows downloads only if the user knows the exact name of the file they're looking for
Some firewall challenges
A blind FTP
Total cell size for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
When setting up a virtual circuit
40. Anonymous FTP - FTP passes through clear text - Bounce attacks with the PORT command - user can cause an FTP to open a connection from the FTP's own commands and bypass a firewall
Some FTP dangers
A network protocol
When setting up a virtual circuit
3-way handshake
41. packet filter firewalls rely on TCP flags to determine connection state. Attacker can send ACK packets only to bypass firewall.
Macro virus
To close a TCP session
War Dialing
No State Inspection ACK flag set
42. Used for connecting two physical segments of a network - segments traffic - breaks up collision domains - not generally used because of switches
Internet
Bridge
Some types of malicious code
Some disadvantages of honeypots
43. Combines the functionality of a hub and bride into a single device - keeps track of MACs attached to each port
Switches
Some common TCP ports
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
File integrity checking work
44. FIN 130 - ACK 131 - FIN 570 - ACK 571
Honeypot
ACK piggybacking
To close a TCP session
HIDS monitor
45. Uniform protection - protected enclaves - information centric - threat vector analysis
HIDS monitor
Checksum in UDP
The four basic approaches to defense in depth
Types of viruses
46. Syn - Syn/Ack - Ack
To establish a TCP session
Social engineering
Some external threat concerns
Some ways to bypass firewall protections
47. Very simplistic. All systems are attached to the same cable segment. Rarely used because they're unreliable - low fault tolerance - poor traffic isolation - with limited scalability
Bus Topology
Some ways to bypass firewall protections
UDP packet headers
Integrity of Data
48. One is for talking - one is for implementing
The difference in stacks
A netmask
What range is a class A network?
The data link layer
49. ATM supports two types of virtual circuits: permanent virtual circuits and switches virtual circuit - PVC is set up in advance - usually manually - SVC is established automatically through a signaling protocol and can be created on the fly - establis
Defense in depth
When talking about protocols and referencing layers - what stack is used
What's a VLAN
Types of ATM virtual circuits
50. Not frequently seen on LANs because of expense - because of its traffic predictability and high bandwidth support - it's good for video streaming - encapsulates common protocols - uses virtual path identifiers to create end to end connectivity - has
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
The transport layer
Some reasons to use UDP over TCP
TFTP