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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Severe coastal erosion
Radiative Forcing
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
El Nio is in the coasts of...
2. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Meteorological Drought
Altimetry
7%
3. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
25%
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Closed talik
4. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Black Carbon
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Thermohaline Circulatoin
7%
5. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
air can warm dramatically
Antarctica
6. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Mass Balance
45%
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Shortwave Length
7. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Albedo
Today melting ice
Precipitation and High Latitudes
What happens with the Ozone Hole
8. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Ozone Hole
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Questions to think about
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
9. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Inversion Layer Winter
Ice shelf
Antarctica
Ice-Albedo
10. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
How we measure Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
Heat Source and Pressure
30%
11. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Ice Sheets
In the troposphere that we live in.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Positive
12. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Atmospheric Circulation
Agricultural Drought
Affect Floods and Droughts
13. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Indirect heat wave effect
Altimetry (height)
Importance of ice sheets
14. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Permafrost
Dry
Stronger
15. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How talik forms under lakes
16. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Grounding Lines
GHG
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
winter
17. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Thermohaline Circulation
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Negative
What happens with the Ozone Hole
18. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
La Nia
Open talik
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
19. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Negative
Melt
Mass Change
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
20. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Strong
How to define a heatwave
30%
21. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Radiative Forcing
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice Motion
22. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Methane
Radiative Forcing
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Sea Ice
23. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Greenland
30%
reduction in sea-ice
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
24. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Shortwave Length
Thermokarst Lake
How talik forms under lakes
Grounding v Surface Melting
25. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Grounding Lines
Positive
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
1 m/yr; 10x
26. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Ozone
Inversion Layer Winter
45%
Grounding Lines
27. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Absolute thresholds
Climate Change in the Arctic
Monthly maximums and minimums
28. Melting Point decreases
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Albedo
.75OC/km-1
Where rise in OC is greatest
29. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Permafrost
The Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Composition
Radiative Forcing
30. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Calving
31. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Mass Budget
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Agricultural Drought
1 m/yr; 10x
32. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Black Carbon
Heat Source and Pressure
Where rise in OC is greatest
Rainy
33. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Ice Cap
Monthly maximums and minimums
Methane
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
34. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Altimetry Pros
In the stratosphere.
IPCC
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
35. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Mass Balance
Permafrost Degradation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Affect Floods and Droughts
36. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Permafrost
Energy Budget
Thermokarst Lake
Reduction in sea-ice extent
37. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Inversion Layer Summer
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Melt
38. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Questions to think about
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
% of Greenhouse Gases
39. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
summer
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Inversion Layer Summer
40. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Dynamic thinning
The cryosphere
Mass Balance
In the troposphere that we live in.
41. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
How to define a heatwave
Once every 4 years.
Today melting ice
42. Measures input and output.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
US and precipitation
Today melting ice
Mass Budget
43. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
44. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Talik
Strong
Layers of Earth
Albedo
45. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Troposphere
Depth v Surface
How a closed talik forms
46. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Ozone Hole
Very small portion
Ozone
47. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Indirect heat wave effect
Wetter; drier
48. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Questions to think about
Surface Mass Balance
Ice-Albedo
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
49. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Archimedes' Principle
Ice Sheets
Reduction in sea-ice extent
50. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
20%
Talik
% of Greenhouse Gases
45%