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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Ice Shelf
% of Greenhouse Gases
Melt
Layers of Earth
2. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
El Nino
Discontinuous
Climate Change in the Arctic
45%
3. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Warming; cooling
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Discharge
Positive feedbacks both found in...
4. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Agricultural Drought
Increases - decreases
.75OC/km-1
Thermokarst
5. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ice Sheets
Altimetry
Surface Mass Balance
6. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Earth's tilt
Strong
7. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
50%
Through talik
Dry
Increases - decreases
8. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Normal condition for air
Natural Causes of Warming
9. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Grounding Lines
In the troposphere that we live in.
10. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
How to define a heatwave
Greenhouse Gases
Sunspots
Black Carbon
11. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Greenhouse Gases
Talik
12. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Stronger
75-OC
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Monthly maximums and minimums
13. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Surface Mass Balance
Greenland
All Greenhouse gases
14. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Ice Motion
30%
Ozone Hole
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
15. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Depth v Surface
Permafrost Degradation
Once every 4 years.
Layers of Earth
16. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
.75OC/km-1
Ice Sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
17. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Radiative Flux
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Grounding v Surface Melting
18. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Altimetry
How to define a heatwave
Monthly maximums and minimums
19. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
winter
Grounding Lines
Ice Sheets
Ocean water
20. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Permafrost Degradation
The Ozone Hole
Greenland
Ice Shelf
21. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Active Layer
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
50%
22. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Hydrological Drought
La Nia
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
20%
23. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Thermohaline Circulation
What effects the density
Ice-Ocean Interactions
24. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Ice in the Arctic
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
More rain means no drought
Inversion Layer Summer
25. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Rainy
Ocean water
Permafrost
Grounding v Surface Melting
26. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Ice shelf
Wetter; drier
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Thinner atmosphere
27. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Natural Causes of Warming
Albedos of Snow and Ice
28. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Earth's tilt
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Warm
29. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Antarctica
75-OC
Altimetry
30. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Archimedes' Principle
Active Layer
1 m/yr; 10x
Methane
31. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Layers of Earth
Inversion Layer Summer
32. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Ocean water
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Greenhouse Gases
Thermohaline Circulatoin
33. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Grounding Lines
IPCC
Agricultural Drought
34. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Longwave Radiation
Mass Budget
Ozone Hole
How to define a heatwave
35. Melting Point decreases
How a closed talik forms
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
.75OC/km-1
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
36. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
summer
Today melting ice
Troposphere
37. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Mass Balance
Altimetry Pros
Heat Source and Pressure
38. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermohaline Circulation
Severe coastal erosion
Altimetry (height)
39. Less frequent and weaker
Air pollution
Inversion Layer Summer
Depth v Surface
Altimetry Cons
40. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Ice-Albedo
Climate Change in the Arctic
Permafrost
Absolute thresholds
41. 240 w/m squared
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Climate Change in the Arctic
Severe coastal erosion
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
42. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
More rain means no drought
reduction in sea-ice
43. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
30%
Arctic Atmosphere
7%
Very small portion
44. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Ice Cap
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
El Nio is in the coasts of...
45. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
La Nia
Strong
Dry
46. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Meteorological Drought
Negative
Stronger
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
47. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Types of Albedo
Where rise in OC is greatest
Surface Mass Balance
.7O Celsius over the past century.
48. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Thermohaline Circulation
Active Layer
Troposphere
Ice Discharge
49. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
25%
Ozone Hole
Calving
50. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Ice absorbs
Permafrost
Active Layer
Closed talik