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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.






2. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






3. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






4. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation






5. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






6. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






7. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






8. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






9. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth






10. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.






11. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






12. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv






13. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






14. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






15. Melting Point decreases






16. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






17. How often does El Nio occur?






18. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.






19. Cooler water and drought conditions.






20. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






21. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






22. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






23. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






24. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






25. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






26. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






27. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.






28. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






29. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






30. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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31. Permafrost- A frozen soil






32. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.






33. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






34. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






35. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






36. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans






37. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet






38. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?






39. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.






40. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






41. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






42. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






43. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






44. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere






45. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






46. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






47. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)






48. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






49. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






50. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____







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