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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
reduction in sea-ice
Atmospheric Circulation
US and precipitation
2. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Affect Floods and Droughts
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Longwave Radiation
3. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Absolute thresholds
Ice Motion
Sunspots
4. More common
70%
Inversion Layer Winter
Normal condition for air
Ice Sheets
5. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Sunspots
70%
Percentile departures
6. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ice/snow
Ozone
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone Hole
7. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Cloud Feedbacks
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
How to define a heatwave
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
8. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Rainy
doubles
Sea-Ice Albedo
Positive feedbacks both found in...
9. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Global warming and hot nights?
Absolute thresholds
Ozone Hole
10. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Thermokarst Lake
Once every 4 years.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
7%
11. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Antarctica
Wetter; drier
Precipitation and High Latitudes
How to define a heatwave
12. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Surface Mass Balance
Ice shelf
Black Carbon
13. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Global warming and hot nights?
Melt
How we measure Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
14. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Inversion Layer Winter
Cloud Feedbacks
Time Variable Gravity
15. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Surface Mass Balance
Natural Causes of Warming
Through talik
16. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
.75OC/km-1
Natural Causes of Warming
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Mass Budget
17. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Radiative Flux
Atmospheric Composition
45%
Grounding Lines
18. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Air pollution
How a closed talik forms
25%
Dry
19. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Calving
IPCC
45%
20. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Energy Budget
Severe coastal erosion
Albedos of Snow and Ice
21. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Thermokarst
More rain means no drought
20%
Atmospheric Circulation
22. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Time Variable Gravity
Atmospheric Composition?
Agricultural Drought
Warm
23. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Dynamic thinning
1 m/yr; 10x
.7O Celsius over the past century.
24. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
50%
Atmospheric Circulation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
25. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Increases - decreases
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice in the Arctic
26. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Methane
Why the Arctic climate is special
50%
GHG
27. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
US and precipitation
% of Greenhouse Gases
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
28. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
How we measure Mass Balance
Rainy
Global warming and hot nights?
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
29. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
1 m/yr; 10x
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
doubles
What happens with the Ozone Hole
30. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Calving
Surface Mass Balance
31. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Ozone
75-OC
Very small portion
air can warm dramatically
32. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Strong
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
.75OC/km-1
Infrared radiation
33. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Ice/snow
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Thinner atmosphere
GHG
34. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
How talik forms under lakes
Mass Balance
Ice loss
Sunspots
35. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Strong
Ozone
36. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Monthly maximums and minimums
Absolute thresholds
Ice/snow
What effects the density
37. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Time Variable Gravity
Talik
The cryosphere
38. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Time Variable Gravity
Longwave Radiation
La Nia
Ice-Albedo
39. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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40. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Ice absorbs
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice Discharge
Atmospheric Circulation
41. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Meteorological Drought
Ozone
42. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
How talik forms under lakes
Ice loss
Surface Mass Balance
43. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Frozen Soil
Greenland
In the troposphere that we live in.
44. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
reduction in sea-ice
Global warming and hot nights?
How to define a heatwave
% of Greenhouse Gases
45. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Melt
Earth's tilt
% of Greenhouse Gases
45%
46. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Natural Causes of Warming
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
47. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Accumulation
Earth's tilt
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
48. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
IPCC
Methane
Heat wave
30%
49. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Greenland
Ice absorbs
Surface Mass Balance
50. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Ice in the Arctic
30%
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Thermokarst