Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






2. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






3. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






4. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






5. The amount of light reflected by an object.






6. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






7. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






8. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.






9. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






10. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






11. 85%






12. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






13. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






14. Total absorbed solar radiation






15. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






16. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






17. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






18. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






19. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






20. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






21. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






22. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






23. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






24. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






25. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






26. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?






27. More common






28. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






29. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






30. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






31. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






32. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






33. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






34. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






35. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






36. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic






37. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation






38. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!






39. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






40. Where does the ozone protect us?






41. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






42. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






43. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






44. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.






45. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






46. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.






47. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






48. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






49. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






50. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.