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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Affect Floods and Droughts
Thermohaline Circulatoin
2. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Severe coastal erosion
Climate Change in the Arctic
Talik
Reduction in sea-ice extent
3. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice absorbs
30%
Surface Mass Balance
4. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Ice-Albedo
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
summer
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
5. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Global warming and hot nights?
GHG
Methane
doubles
6. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone Hole
70%
The cryosphere
7. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Cloud Feedbacks
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ocean water
Surface Mass Balance
8. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Open talik
Importance of ice sheets
Rainy
How talik forms under lakes
9. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Thinner atmosphere
Warm
Ice Sheets
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
10. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Dry
In the troposphere that we live in.
11. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
summer
Thermokarst
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Antarctica
12. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Normal condition for air
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice shelf
Melt
13. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Grounding Lines
How a closed talik forms
Types of Albedo
Ice loss
14. Really measures volume.
Ocean water
Stronger
Altimetry
Thermokarst
15. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Sea Ice
Mass Budget
16. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Accumulation
Layers of Earth
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Active Layer
17. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Ice loss
20%
Greenland
winter
18. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
25%
The Ozone Hole
More rain means no drought
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
19. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
What happens with the Ozone Hole
US and precipitation
Ice loss
20. Amount of light absorbed by surface
.7O Celsius over the past century.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
50%
Talik
21. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Methane
Ocean water
Melt
Cloud Feedbacks
22. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Radiative Forcing
Severe coastal erosion
Through talik
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
23. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Depth v Surface
Atmospheric Composition
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice Cap
24. Less frequent and weaker
Surface Mass Balance
30%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Inversion Layer Summer
25. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Radiative Flux
Percentile departures
26. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Dynamic thinning
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Antarctica
Increases - decreases
27. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ozone
How we measure Mass Balance
28. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Permafrost
Depth v Surface
Altimetry (height)
29. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Altimetry
Antarctica
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice Discharge
30. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Thermohaline Circulation
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Methane
What happens with the Ozone Hole
31. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
summer
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Reduction in sea-ice extent
32. 240 w/m squared
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Importance of ice sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
The cryosphere
33. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Ice Shelf
Antarctica
In the troposphere that we live in.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
34. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ocean water
Closed talik
Time Variable Gravity
35. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
In the stratosphere.
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
36. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ozone Hole
Albedo
Mass Balance
Stronger
37. Ocean retains ____ CO2
How talik forms under lakes
Climate Change in the Arctic
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
25%
38. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Longwave Radiation
GHG
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Positive
39. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Time Variable Gravity
Permafrost
Importance of ice sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
40. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
25%
Radiative Forcing
Ocean water
41. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Surface Mass Balance
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Threshold departures
El Nio is in the coasts of...
42. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
IPCC
Sublimation
Increases - decreases
43. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Ice shelf
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Grounding v Surface Melting
Carbon Dioxide
44. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
7%
Through talik
Sea Ice
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
45. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Earth's tilt
Ice shelf
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
46. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Greenland
Black Carbon
Warm
The Ozone Hole
47. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Time Variable Gravity
Heat wave
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
48. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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49. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Mass Change
Air pollution
Thermokarst Lake
50. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Positive
Mass Budget
Rainy