SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Ice loss
Warm
Very small portion
30%
2. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
25%
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Dry
3. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Severe coastal erosion
Wetter; drier
Albedo
4. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Accumulation
Closed talik
How talik forms under lakes
Radiative Forcing
5. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
How we measure Mass Balance
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Greenland
Once every 4 years.
6. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
70%
Importance of ice sheets
Strong
7. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Ice/snow
Carbon Dioxide
Ice-Albedo
% of Greenhouse Gases
8. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Longwave Radiation
Thermokarst Lake
Sublimation
Ice shelf
9. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Open talik
Energy Budget
Time Variable Gravity
10. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
doubles
Increases - decreases
Altimetry Pros
11. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Ice/snow
Calving
7%
30%
12. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Active Layer
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
What effects the density
30%
13. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Black Carbon
Heat Source and Pressure
Permafrost
The Ozone Hole
14. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
Indirect heat wave effect
Radiative Flux
Thermokarst Lake
15. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Frozen Soil
Strong
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
16. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Increases - decreases
Warm
Carbon Dioxide
Threshold departures
17. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Radiative Forcing
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Greenland
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
18. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
IPCC
In the troposphere that we live in.
7%
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
19. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Mass Balance
Ice loss
US and precipitation
20. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Dry
Meteorological Drought
Black Carbon
21. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Thermohaline Circulation
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Through talik
Thermohaline Circulatoin
22. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
US and precipitation
Importance of ice sheets
30%
23. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone Hole
Ozone Hole
24. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Arctic Atmosphere
Layers of Earth
Altimetry Pros
25. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Dry
Ice Sheets
70%
Layers of Earth
26. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Atmospheric Composition
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulation
Percentile departures
27. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Radiative Flux
air can warm dramatically
28. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
20%
1 m/yr; 10x
Precipitation and High Latitudes
winter
29. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Time Variable Gravity
Open talik
Heat Source and Pressure
30. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
In the troposphere that we live in.
Black Carbon
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
How we measure Mass Balance
31. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
US and precipitation
Through talik
32. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Open talik
Ocean water
Importance of ice sheets
7%
33. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Ice shelf
Surface Mass Balance
Melt
34. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Mass Balance
winter
Why the Arctic climate is special
Thermohaline Circulatoin
35. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Mass Balance
Thermokarst Lake
Warming; cooling
US and precipitation
36. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Precipitation and High Latitudes
How talik forms under lakes
reduction in sea-ice
37. The Earth emits this.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Longwave Radiation
Questions to think about
38. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Types of Albedo
Cloud Feedbacks
1 m/yr; 10x
Natural Causes of Warming
39. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Types of Albedo
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Permafrost Degradation
40. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Altimetry (height)
Permafrost
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Thermokarst
41. How often does El Nio occur?
Warming; cooling
Thermokarst
Surface Mass Balance
Once every 4 years.
42. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Monthly maximums and minimums
Normal condition for air
How talik forms under lakes
43. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Arctic Atmosphere
Calving
Ice absorbs
44. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
% of Greenhouse Gases
Affect Floods and Droughts
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice Cap
45. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Active Layer
Antarctica
Permafrost
46. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Grounding Lines
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Methane
47. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Ice loss
doubles
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Stronger
48. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
49. Really measures volume.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice/snow
Dry
Altimetry
50. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Albedos of Snow and Ice
reduction in sea-ice
Active Layer