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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Ice absorbs
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
reduction in sea-ice
2. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
La Nia
Strong
US and precipitation
3. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Troposphere
Heat wave
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Dry
4. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
30%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Infrared radiation
Warm
5. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Radiative Forcing
Wetter; drier
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
6. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Depth v Surface
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Stronger
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
7. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Warm
Surface Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
8. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Why the Arctic climate is special
9. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Time Variable Gravity
Accumulation
Methane
10. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
La Nia
Troposphere
Infrared radiation
11. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
Threshold departures
Mass Budget
Ice/snow
12. Really measures volume.
Surface Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
Percentile departures
Altimetry
13. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Dry
Mass Change
Archimedes' Principle
14. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Mass Balance
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice absorbs
15. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Today melting ice
Stronger
US and precipitation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
16. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Permafrost Degradation
Atmospheric Circulation
US and precipitation
Greenland
17. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
70%
Where rise in OC is greatest
Dynamic thinning
18. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Importance of ice sheets
How a closed talik forms
Sea-Ice Albedo
19. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
What effects the density
Percentile departures
Indirect heat wave effect
Infrared radiation
20. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
summer
Increases - decreases
Very small portion
US and precipitation
21. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
The cryosphere
Greenland
Longwave Radiation
Atmospheric Structure
22. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Absolute thresholds
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Black Carbon
23. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Surface Mass Balance
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice Cap
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
24. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Severe coastal erosion
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
winter
25. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Radiative Forcing
Air pollution
How talik forms under lakes
Greenhouse Gases
26. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
More rain means no drought
75-OC
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
27. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Greenhouse Gases
Through talik
winter
US and precipitation
28. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice in the Arctic
Ice Shelf
Active Layer
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
29. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Altimetry (height)
Greenland
Open talik
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
30. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Absolute thresholds
Active Layer
Earth's tilt
How to define a heatwave
31. More common
20%
Inversion Layer Winter
The Ozone Hole
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
32. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Calving
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
33. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Cloud Feedbacks
70%
Earth's tilt
Antarctica
34. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
IPCC
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Types of Albedo
Inversion Layer Winter
35. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
25%
Hydrological Drought
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Ocean water
36. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Altimetry Pros
30%
37. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
The Ozone Hole
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
30%
38. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Thermokarst
Severe coastal erosion
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
39. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Cloud Feedbacks
7%
Altimetry (height)
Warm
40. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Carbon Dioxide
Threshold departures
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Strong
41. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Antarctica
1 m/yr; 10x
Grounding v Surface Melting
42. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
In the stratosphere.
Ozone
Normal condition for air
43. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
All Greenhouse gases
Monthly maximums and minimums
70%
20%
44. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Antarctica
Discontinuous
Dynamic thinning
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
45. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Sea Ice
summer
Thermohaline Circulation
Normal condition for air
46. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Melt
doubles
In the troposphere that we live in.
Importance of ice sheets
47. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Mass Balance
Precipitation and High Latitudes
48. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Positive
Warming; cooling
Talik
Permafrost
49. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
50%
Warm
Ice-Albedo
50. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
75-OC
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ozone Hole
All Greenhouse gases