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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
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Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
The Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Rainy
2. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
Thermokarst
Ice Shelf
More rain means no drought
3. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
The Ozone Hole
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Dynamic thinning
Heat Source and Pressure
4. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
IPCC
In the troposphere that we live in.
Calving
5. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Thermohaline Circulation
What effects the density
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Mass Budget
6. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Threshold departures
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
US and precipitation
Very small portion
7. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Black Carbon
Layers of Earth
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Monthly maximums and minimums
8. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Through talik
Mass Change
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Precipitation and High Latitudes
9. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice shelf
10. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Warming; cooling
Methane
Positive
Ice-Ocean Interactions
11. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Permafrost Degradation
Wetter; drier
Carbon Dioxide
12. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Time Variable Gravity
Shortwave Length
13. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Inversion Layer Winter
Dry
Ice Cap
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
14. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Open talik
Natural Causes of Warming
Calving
Global warming and hot nights?
15. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
IPCC
Thinner atmosphere
In the troposphere that we live in.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
16. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Altimetry Pros
Open talik
Melt
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
17. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Ocean water
Melt
Very small portion
Sea-Ice Albedo
18. Melting Point decreases
How talik forms under lakes
.75OC/km-1
Mass Balance
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
19. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice in the Arctic
Longwave Radiation
Meteorological Drought
20. How much is the planet really warming?
Ice in the Arctic
Closed talik
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Meteorological Drought
21. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Surface Mass Balance
Positive
Discontinuous
How talik forms under lakes
22. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
All Greenhouse gases
Heat wave
Rainy
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
23. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
Heat wave
Atmospheric Composition
Earth's tilt
24. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Mass Change
Natural Causes of Warming
Atmospheric Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
25. The Earth emits this.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Longwave Radiation
GHG
26. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thermokarst
Normal condition for air
Types of Albedo
27. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
30%
Sunspots
.75OC/km-1
Dry
28. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Talik
Ice/snow
Grounding Lines
Albedo
29. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Surface Mass Balance
Radiative Flux
Antarctica
30. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
Calving
Earth's tilt
25%
31. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ocean water
Antarctica
Sunspots
32. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Warm
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Calving
Altimetry Pros
33. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Archimedes' Principle
Surface Mass Balance
Indirect heat wave effect
Depth v Surface
34. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Agricultural Drought
Ice loss
Ice-Ocean Interactions
The cryosphere
35. Less frequent and weaker
Thinner atmosphere
What effects the density
Inversion Layer Summer
Hydrological Drought
36. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Affect Floods and Droughts
Arctic Atmosphere
37. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Altimetry
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Mass Budget
38. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
Atmospheric Composition
Ocean water
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
39. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Threshold departures
Atmospheric Structure
45%
40. How often does El Nio occur?
La Nia
Once every 4 years.
How a closed talik forms
Severe coastal erosion
41. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Methane
Types of Albedo
75-OC
How talik forms under lakes
42. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Methane
50%
Ice shelf
45%
43. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Altimetry
Indirect heat wave effect
44. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Methane
Greenhouse Gases
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
45. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice Motion
Greenhouse Gases
Natural Causes of Warming
46. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Permafrost
Stronger
Altimetry
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
47. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Greenhouse Gases
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Severe coastal erosion
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
48. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice-Albedo
49. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Motion
Atmospheric Composition?
50. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Thermohaline Circulation
La Nia
Greenhouse Gases
Natural Causes of Warming
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