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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
7%
Accumulation
Stronger
Dry
2. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Reduction in sea-ice extent
More rain means no drought
Closed talik
3. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Layers of Earth
Increases - decreases
Ice-Albedo
4. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Thermokarst
Infrared radiation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice loss
5. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ocean water
Increases - decreases
Open talik
Sea Ice
6. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Very small portion
Air pollution
Dry
Importance of ice sheets
7. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Ice absorbs
Archimedes' Principle
Greenland
The Ozone Hole
8. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Greenland
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Once every 4 years.
9. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Global warming and hot nights?
reduction in sea-ice
Thinner atmosphere
10. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice Sheets
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
winter
11. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
US and precipitation
How talik forms under lakes
Altimetry (height)
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
12. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
Ice/snow
13. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Agricultural Drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Absolute thresholds
14. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Atmospheric Composition?
Monthly maximums and minimums
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Surface Mass Balance
15. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Troposphere
Energy Budget
7%
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
16. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
Natural Causes of Warming
Global warming and hot nights?
17. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Active Layer
summer
Sea Ice
Ice-Albedo
18. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Thermohaline Circulation
Shortwave Length
Ozone Hole
Ice absorbs
19. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
summer
Atmospheric Structure
Permafrost
20. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Percentile departures
Radiative Flux
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Atmospheric Composition?
21. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Troposphere
summer
45%
22. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Altimetry
Grounding Lines
Normal condition for air
23. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Arctic Atmosphere
Energy Budget
Sea Ice
24. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
reduction in sea-ice
Radiative Forcing
Global warming and hot nights?
Wetter; drier
25. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Shortwave Length
Very small portion
Increases - decreases
Ozone Hole
26. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Greenland
27. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
In the troposphere that we live in.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Negative
Agricultural Drought
28. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice absorbs
Greenland
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
29. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
30%
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Atmospheric Circulation
Methane
30. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
How to define a heatwave
Permafrost
Melt
31. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
1 m/yr; 10x
Thermokarst
32. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Infrared radiation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Precipitation and High Latitudes
33. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
45%
Where rise in OC is greatest
Grounding v Surface Melting
25%
34. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Troposphere
What effects the density
Strong
35. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Ice Motion
Energy Budget
Methane
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
36. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Climate Change in the Arctic
.75OC/km-1
Permafrost
Discontinuous
37. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Severe coastal erosion
Thermohaline Circulation
How we measure Mass Balance
38. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Where rise in OC is greatest
Grounding Lines
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
39. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Global warming and hot nights?
Energy Budget
Active Layer
Climate Change in the Arctic
40. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Infrared radiation
Inversion Layer Summer
Very small portion
Black Carbon
41. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Mass Balance
Monthly maximums and minimums
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
How talik forms under lakes
42. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Air pollution
Questions to think about
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Sublimation
43. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ozone
Sunspots
44. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
The cryosphere
Grounding Lines
doubles
Time Variable Gravity
45. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Grounding Lines
Indirect heat wave effect
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
46. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Heat wave
All Greenhouse gases
Ice Shelf
Surface Mass Balance
47. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Warming; cooling
Why the Arctic climate is special
How a closed talik forms
Mass Balance
48. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Grounding Lines
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Rainy
Hydrological Drought
49. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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183
50. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Earth's tilt
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere