SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
GHG
winter
Stronger
2. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ozone Hole
Very small portion
50%
Ice in the Arctic
3. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
Surface Mass Balance
7%
Archimedes' Principle
4. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Altimetry Pros
Surface Mass Balance
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Normal condition for air
5. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
GHG
Percentile departures
Sea Ice
6. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Strong
Warming; cooling
Grounding Lines
Hydrological Drought
7. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Altimetry (height)
Time Variable Gravity
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
8. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Talik
Thermohaline Circulation
How talik forms under lakes
9. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
In the stratosphere.
Ozone Hole
Ice Motion
Layers of Earth
10. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Arctic Atmosphere
Air pollution
Stronger
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
11. Melting Point decreases
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
.75OC/km-1
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Strong
12. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
7%
GHG
Active Layer
13. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Open talik
Grounding Lines
Heat wave
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
14. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Severe coastal erosion
Surface Mass Balance
Frozen Soil
15. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Archimedes' Principle
La Nia
Air pollution
Sea Ice
16. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Antarctica
Atmospheric Structure
Active Layer
Dry
17. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Energy Budget
Active Layer
Frozen Soil
18. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Sea Ice
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
30%
Ice Sheets
19. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Albedo
Thinner atmosphere
Ice shelf
Very small portion
20. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
All Greenhouse gases
Ozone Hole
Permafrost Degradation
21. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ice in the Arctic
22. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Permafrost
Negative
Percentile departures
Shortwave Length
23. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Atmospheric Structure
Negative
Thermohaline Circulation
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
24. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Permafrost
Mass Balance
Questions to think about
25. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Once every 4 years.
Closed talik
Ice Motion
26. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
The Ozone Hole
% of Greenhouse Gases
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
27. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ice Shelf
Increases - decreases
Thermokarst Lake
Radiative Forcing
28. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Wetter; drier
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Warm
29. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Mass Change
Thermokarst
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Altimetry
30. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Surface Mass Balance
Rainy
Normal condition for air
Infrared radiation
31. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Once every 4 years.
Energy Budget
32. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Depth v Surface
Global warming and hot nights?
How we measure Mass Balance
Altimetry Pros
33. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Stronger
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
All Greenhouse gases
summer
34. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Altimetry Cons
Percentile departures
30%
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
35. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Sunspots
Ice loss
Negative
Ice Cap
36. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ozone Hole
Melt
7%
Albedo
37. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Inversion Layer Summer
Through talik
How to define a heatwave
Mass Budget
38. Really measures volume.
Altimetry Cons
How to define a heatwave
Altimetry
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
39. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Cloud Feedbacks
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Altimetry (height)
Ozone Hole
40. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Methane
Atmospheric Composition
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
41. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Altimetry Pros
42. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Altimetry Pros
Thermokarst Lake
Antarctica
Strong
43. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Cloud Feedbacks
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
US and precipitation
Today melting ice
44. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Today melting ice
Ocean water
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Mass Budget
45. More common
Affect Floods and Droughts
How a closed talik forms
Inversion Layer Winter
Altimetry Cons
46. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
La Nia
Thermokarst
Altimetry Cons
Today melting ice
47. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
La Nia
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Positive
48. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Sea-Ice Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
75-OC
49. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Open talik
Climate Change in the Arctic
Depth v Surface
Energy Budget
50. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Surface Mass Balance
Climate Change in the Arctic
Strong