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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Melting Point decreases
Agricultural Drought
Atmospheric Structure
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
.75OC/km-1
2. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Grounding v Surface Melting
Permafrost Degradation
Ice/snow
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
3. 240 w/m squared
50%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Time Variable Gravity
Frozen Soil
4. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Thermokarst Lake
Altimetry (height)
Dry
Affect Floods and Droughts
5. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Thermokarst
Types of Albedo
Negative
Methane
6. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Inversion Layer Summer
Surface Mass Balance
What happens with the Ozone Hole
7. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice Shelf
Positive feedbacks both found in...
75-OC
8. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Positive
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
How a closed talik forms
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
9. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Stronger
Climate Change in the Arctic
Importance of ice sheets
10. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Today melting ice
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Frozen Soil
Altimetry Cons
11. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
30%
Altimetry (height)
Atmospheric Circulation
12. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Frozen Soil
13. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Energy Budget
Increases - decreases
reduction in sea-ice
Warming; cooling
14. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Warming; cooling
Ozone Hole
Ice Motion
Heat Source and Pressure
15. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Radiative Forcing
Ice loss
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Atmospheric Structure
16. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
All Greenhouse gases
Ice Cap
20%
How talik forms under lakes
17. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
air can warm dramatically
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
More rain means no drought
El Nino
18. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Grounding Lines
70%
Meteorological Drought
19. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Thermokarst Lake
Mass Change
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
% of Greenhouse Gases
20. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Affect Floods and Droughts
What happens with the Ozone Hole
US and precipitation
Shortwave Length
21. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
IPCC
Antarctica
Ice loss
Grounding Lines
22. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Thermokarst Lake
Atmospheric Structure
% of Greenhouse Gases
Types of Albedo
23. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ozone Hole
In the stratosphere.
Ice-Albedo
Absolute thresholds
24. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Atmospheric Composition
Ocean water
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
25. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Methane
Sea-Ice Albedo
Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
26. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat wave
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Positive
Heat Source and Pressure
27. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Percentile departures
Strong
Radiative Flux
Climate Change in the Arctic
28. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Atmospheric Composition?
30%
Thermokarst
29. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Thermohaline Circulation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Permafrost
30. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Indirect heat wave effect
How we measure Mass Balance
Threshold departures
Grounding Lines
31. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Ice absorbs
Rainy
Air pollution
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
32. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Permafrost Degradation
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Surface Mass Balance
Indirect heat wave effect
33. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
air can warm dramatically
34. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Inversion Layer Winter
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Meteorological Drought
35. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Layers of Earth
All Greenhouse gases
Black Carbon
Importance of ice sheets
36. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Warm
Hydrological Drought
Mass Budget
Thinner atmosphere
37. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Ice Discharge
GHG
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Sea Ice
38. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Permafrost Degradation
Energy Budget
Inversion Layer (feedback)
39. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Inversion Layer Summer
Wetter; drier
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
40. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Ice/snow
Once every 4 years.
Grounding Lines
Radiative Forcing
41. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Energy Budget
Ice Shelf
Warming; cooling
Natural Causes of Warming
42. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Warming; cooling
75-OC
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Strong
43. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Grounding Lines
Shortwave Length
44. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Percentile departures
Air pollution
Today melting ice
Heat Source and Pressure
45. The Earth emits this.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Inversion Layer Summer
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Longwave Radiation
46. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer Winter
Natural Causes of Warming
Radiative Flux
47. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
7%
Grounding Lines
Ice in the Arctic
Mass Change
48. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Accumulation
More rain means no drought
Altimetry Cons
summer
49. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Ocean water
Black Carbon
The cryosphere
Shortwave Length
50. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Warming; cooling
Sea Ice
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
45%