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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
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Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Thermohaline Circulation
Importance of ice sheets
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Closed talik
2. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Atmospheric Composition
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
El Nino
Mass Balance
3. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
How to define a heatwave
Ice shelf
Permafrost Degradation
Questions to think about
4. How often does El Nio occur?
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Once every 4 years.
Ice loss
Heat Source and Pressure
5. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Earth's tilt
Ice Sheets
Ice absorbs
Methane
6. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Cloud Feedbacks
How to define a heatwave
Ice Cap
7. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Ice Discharge
Today melting ice
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
8. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Melt
Ice Motion
Permafrost Degradation
9. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
The Ozone Hole
winter
Natural Causes of Warming
Permafrost
10. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Closed talik
La Nia
How talik forms under lakes
25%
11. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
air can warm dramatically
Permafrost Degradation
La Nia
Greenland
12. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
IPCC
Thermokarst
Discontinuous
Ozone Hole
13. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Atmospheric Composition?
More rain means no drought
50%
Antarctica
14. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Calving
30%
Through talik
Affect Floods and Droughts
15. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Calving
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Dynamic thinning
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
16. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Dynamic thinning
Troposphere
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Sunspots
17. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Ice in the Arctic
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Sunspots
Wetter; drier
18. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ice Shelf
Global warming and hot nights?
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
In the troposphere that we live in.
19. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
El Nino
Ice shelf
20. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
summer
Radiative Forcing
GHG
What happens with the Ozone Hole
21. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
25%
Greenhouse Gases
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Calving
22. The Earth emits this.
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
Arctic Atmosphere
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
23. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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24. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Thermokarst
Why the Arctic climate is special
7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
25. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Severe coastal erosion
Meteorological Drought
All Greenhouse gases
Radiative Flux
26. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Severe coastal erosion
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Albedo
Percentile departures
27. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Open talik
Warm
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
75-OC
28. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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29. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
Greenland
Greenhouse Gases
30%
30. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Thermohaline Circulation
GHG
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Thermohaline Circulation
31. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Negative
Positive feedbacks both found in...
The cryosphere
Thermokarst
32. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Ice Shelf
Permafrost Degradation
Ice Cap
33. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
75-OC
Heat wave
Indirect heat wave effect
Atmospheric Circulation
34. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ice shelf
Absolute thresholds
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
35. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Grounding Lines
36. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Negative
Threshold departures
More rain means no drought
Ice absorbs
37. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Meteorological Drought
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Active Layer
Ice Sheets
38. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Sunspots
30%
Affect Floods and Droughts
39. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
How to define a heatwave
Atmospheric Composition?
Troposphere
Shortwave Length
40. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Depth v Surface
Monthly maximums and minimums
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Where rise in OC is greatest
41. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Earth's tilt
Global warming and hot nights?
42. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How we measure Mass Balance
How to define a heatwave
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Antarctica
43. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
More rain means no drought
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Methane
Altimetry Cons
44. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Altimetry (height)
Melt
Ice Cap
45. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
IPCC
Antarctica
46. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Heat Source and Pressure
47. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Energy Budget
48. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Active Layer
Altimetry Pros
Albedos of Snow and Ice
49. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
How a closed talik forms
50%
Sunspots
Infrared radiation
50. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Ocean water
Surface Mass Balance
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
GHG
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