SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Normal condition for air
Ice Sheets
Troposphere
2. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
1 m/yr; 10x
How a closed talik forms
Grounding v Surface Melting
Discontinuous
3. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Absolute thresholds
Atmospheric Circulation
4. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Sunspots
How a closed talik forms
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
5. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
75-OC
Layers of Earth
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
6. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Inversion Layer Winter
Air pollution
Ice Discharge
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
7. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Thermokarst
Mass Budget
Monthly maximums and minimums
8. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Surface Mass Balance
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice Cap
9. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Inversion Layer Summer
Meteorological Drought
Atmospheric Composition?
Indirect heat wave effect
10. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Severe coastal erosion
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Shortwave Length
11. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Types of Albedo
Where rise in OC is greatest
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
IPCC
12. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
US and precipitation
Open talik
Sublimation
La Nia
13. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Closed talik
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Inversion Layer Winter
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
14. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
25%
Methane
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
15. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
16. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Rainy
Ice Motion
Open talik
17. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice-Albedo
Longwave Radiation
Ice Sheets
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
18. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Thermokarst
Importance of ice sheets
Warm
19. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
winter
Atmospheric Composition?
Permafrost
Grounding Lines
20. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice Sheets
% of Greenhouse Gases
Air pollution
21. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Sea Ice
22. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Depth v Surface
Inversion Layer Winter
Layers of Earth
23. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Ice loss
Percentile departures
Shortwave Length
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
24. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Atmospheric Structure
All Greenhouse gases
Earth's tilt
Reduction in sea-ice extent
25. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice Motion
Negative
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
26. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Layers of Earth
Atmospheric Composition?
Surface Mass Balance
27. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
What effects the density
Open talik
Infrared radiation
Ice Sheets
28. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
GHG
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
reduction in sea-ice
Today melting ice
29. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Altimetry
Ocean water
Rainy
How a closed talik forms
30. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Dynamic thinning
Positive feedbacks both found in...
The Ozone Hole
Ice shelf
31. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Sea-Ice Albedo
How talik forms under lakes
Types of Albedo
Heat Source and Pressure
32. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice-Ocean Interactions
More rain means no drought
Black Carbon
33. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
.7O Celsius over the past century.
La Nia
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
34. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Sea Ice
IPCC
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
35. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Depth v Surface
Agricultural Drought
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Grounding Lines
36. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Permafrost
Thermokarst
winter
37. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Today melting ice
reduction in sea-ice
US and precipitation
Permafrost Degradation
38. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Sublimation
Normal condition for air
Ice Cap
Thermohaline Circulation
39. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Sea Ice
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
In the troposphere that we live in.
Troposphere
40. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
70%
Dry
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
41. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Time Variable Gravity
Mass Change
air can warm dramatically
42. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Severe coastal erosion
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
The cryosphere
Rainy
43. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
45%
30%
More rain means no drought
1 m/yr; 10x
44. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Mass Budget
Strong
Inversion Layer Summer
45. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Infrared radiation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Methane
Absolute thresholds
46. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Calving
Ice Sheets
Ice shelf
47. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition?
Today melting ice
48. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
.75OC/km-1
Where rise in OC is greatest
Sea-Ice Albedo
49. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Increases - decreases
Calving
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Discontinuous
50. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice Discharge
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Albedos of Snow and Ice