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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. More common
Agricultural Drought
Inversion Layer Winter
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Shortwave Length
2. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Sea Ice
Ozone
What effects the density
3. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Ice Motion
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Radiative Flux
Altimetry Pros
4. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Cap
Black Carbon
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
5. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Once every 4 years.
Questions to think about
reduction in sea-ice
Ice Discharge
6. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Grounding Lines
US and precipitation
30%
7. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Mass Budget
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
8. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Thermokarst Lake
Warming; cooling
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
9. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice/snow
Ice Shelf
10. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Melt
Ozone Hole
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Inversion Layer (feedback)
11. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Talik
Open talik
Mass Change
12. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Black Carbon
13. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Atmospheric Structure
Importance of ice sheets
Air pollution
14. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Sea Ice
25%
Atmospheric Circulation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
15. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Importance of ice sheets
Inversion Layer Summer
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Inversion Layer (feedback)
16. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
30%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Surface Mass Balance
17. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Altimetry Cons
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Grounding Lines
18. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Mass Balance
Mass Change
Heat wave
19. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Mass Change
30%
Ice Sheets
20. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Mass Budget
45%
Calving
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
21. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Inversion Layer Winter
La Nia
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Inversion Layer Summer
22. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Agricultural Drought
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Ice/snow
23. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
% of Greenhouse Gases
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Where rise in OC is greatest
Positive
24. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Air pollution
Thermohaline Circulation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
25. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
US and precipitation
How to define a heatwave
The Ozone Hole
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
26. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Grounding v Surface Melting
30%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
27. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Indirect heat wave effect
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ozone
GHG
28. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Antarctica
Ozone Hole
29. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
1 m/yr; 10x
Surface Mass Balance
Meteorological Drought
Why the Arctic climate is special
30. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Grounding Lines
Types of Albedo
Ice-Albedo
Ice Motion
31. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
GHG
Accumulation
Ice Sheets
Methane
32. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Sea-Ice Albedo
How to define a heatwave
Monthly maximums and minimums
What effects the density
33. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
All Greenhouse gases
Atmospheric Structure
Earth's tilt
Ice Sheets
34. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
How we measure Mass Balance
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Open talik
Calving
35. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Ocean water
Positive
7%
Altimetry Cons
36. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Absolute thresholds
.75OC/km-1
37. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Threshold departures
Strong
Heat Source and Pressure
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
38. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Greenhouse Gases
Dynamic thinning
Ocean water
39. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Sheets
Inversion Layer (feedback)
40. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice Shelf
Why the Arctic climate is special
Shortwave Length
41. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Surface Mass Balance
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ice Discharge
Affect Floods and Droughts
42. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Methane
75-OC
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Meteorological Drought
43. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Strong
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Active Layer
44. Melting Point decreases
Altimetry (height)
Today melting ice
.75OC/km-1
Percentile departures
45. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Hydrological Drought
Ice absorbs
Greenland
46. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
70%
Longwave Radiation
Permafrost
Strong
47. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Ozone
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
48. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
Very small portion
Thermohaline Circulation
Melt
49. Less frequent and weaker
Ocean water
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice Discharge
Active Layer
50. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Radiative Forcing
Altimetry Cons
Hydrological Drought
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback