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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Energy Budget
In the stratosphere.
Accumulation
La Nia
2. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Where rise in OC is greatest
Active Layer
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Summer
3. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Wetter; drier
Ice Sheets
Grounding Lines
4. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Indirect heat wave effect
How talik forms under lakes
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Where rise in OC is greatest
5. 85%
The cryosphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
Indirect heat wave effect
What happens with the Ozone Hole
6. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Warm
The Ozone Hole
Ice absorbs
Altimetry
7. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Ice shelf
Accumulation
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Shortwave Length
8. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Very small portion
Ice loss
Melt
El Nino
9. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
1 m/yr; 10x
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Time Variable Gravity
Antarctica
10. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
doubles
Greenhouse Gases
11. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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12. Really measures volume.
Normal condition for air
Types of Albedo
Altimetry
Warm
13. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Atmospheric Circulation
Grounding v Surface Melting
El Nino
7%
14. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Thermokarst
Climate Change in the Arctic
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ozone
15. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
reduction in sea-ice
Ice loss
Permafrost
Thermokarst Lake
16. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Talik
Ozone Hole
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
17. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice Cap
IPCC
18. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Increases - decreases
doubles
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
19. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
US and precipitation
Ice/snow
Atmospheric Structure
How talik forms under lakes
20. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
All Greenhouse gases
Black Carbon
Rainy
30%
21. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Radiative Flux
Affect Floods and Droughts
Earth's tilt
22. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice absorbs
Radiative Forcing
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
23. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Meteorological Drought
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Global warming and hot nights?
25%
24. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Today melting ice
Ocean water
Once every 4 years.
25. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Altimetry Cons
Energy Budget
Grounding Lines
Importance of ice sheets
26. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Shelf
Atmospheric Composition
75-OC
27. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Altimetry (height)
Energy Budget
Agricultural Drought
28. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Global warming and hot nights?
Warm
Climate Change in the Arctic
75-OC
29. Measures input and output.
Altimetry (height)
Mass Budget
Thermokarst
US and precipitation
30. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
How a closed talik forms
Percentile departures
Atmospheric Structure
Air pollution
31. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Agricultural Drought
Rainy
Thermohaline Circulation
32. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice absorbs
Ice shelf
Ice Discharge
Types of Albedo
33. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Climate Change in the Arctic
Antarctica
Troposphere
34. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
air can warm dramatically
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Today melting ice
Climate Change in the Arctic
35. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
50%
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Natural Causes of Warming
36. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
.7O Celsius over the past century.
20%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Hydrological Drought
37. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Threshold departures
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Closed talik
Heat wave
38. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Warming; cooling
Threshold departures
Why the Arctic climate is special
Antarctica
39. Less frequent and weaker
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Inversion Layer Summer
Time Variable Gravity
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
40. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Grounding v Surface Melting
More rain means no drought
Antarctica
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
41. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Increases - decreases
summer
Where rise in OC is greatest
42. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
.75OC/km-1
Very small portion
43. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Global warming and hot nights?
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
1 m/yr; 10x
Atmospheric Circulation
44. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Surface Mass Balance
The Ozone Hole
Today melting ice
45. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
45%
Calving
Grounding v Surface Melting
1 m/yr; 10x
46. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How we measure Mass Balance
Troposphere
Questions to think about
47. The amount of light reflected by an object.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Albedo
48. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Ice shelf
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Air pollution
49. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
doubles
reduction in sea-ice
Questions to think about
50. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Inversion Layer Summer
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Layers of Earth