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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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2. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Permafrost Degradation
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Questions to think about
US and precipitation
3. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Time Variable Gravity
doubles
4. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Atmospheric Structure
Dry
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ozone
5. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
20%
Strong
Global warming and hot nights?
6. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Carbon Dioxide
Air pollution
50%
7. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Increases - decreases
50%
Altimetry
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
8. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
25%
Ice in the Arctic
Types of Albedo
9. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Black Carbon
Cloud Feedbacks
Inversion Layer (feedback)
10. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Mass Budget
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
11. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Radiative Forcing
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition
12. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Indirect heat wave effect
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Mass Budget
Sublimation
13. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Permafrost
Sunspots
14. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Methane
Earth's tilt
Methane
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
15. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
75-OC
Positive
Ice in the Arctic
summer
16. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Sublimation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
How talik forms under lakes
Grounding v Surface Melting
17. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Percentile departures
Warming; cooling
Grounding Lines
Inversion Layer (feedback)
18. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Arctic Atmosphere
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Monthly maximums and minimums
19. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Positive
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Thermohaline Circulation
20. The Earth emits this.
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
45%
Sea Ice
21. How often does El Nio occur?
Surface Mass Balance
Once every 4 years.
Black Carbon
Global warming and hot nights?
22. Melting Point decreases
Sea-Ice Albedo
.75OC/km-1
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice in the Arctic
23. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Thermokarst Lake
Longwave Radiation
Heat wave
24. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
25. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Ice in the Arctic
Cloud Feedbacks
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Grounding Lines
26. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
More rain means no drought
Methane
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Shortwave Length
27. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Black Carbon
Meteorological Drought
28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Archimedes' Principle
Positive
Dynamic thinning
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
29. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Altimetry Pros
50%
30%
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
30. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
% of Greenhouse Gases
Layers of Earth
31. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
summer
Global warming and hot nights?
30%
Greenland
32. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Threshold departures
1 m/yr; 10x
Atmospheric Structure
Thermohaline Circulation
33. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone
Active Layer
Thermokarst
34. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
In the stratosphere.
Thermokarst
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
35. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Calving
Warm
Permafrost
Ozone Hole
36. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Antarctica
Altimetry Pros
Mass Balance
Permafrost Degradation
37. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Stronger
Ice Discharge
38. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
25%
Surface Mass Balance
70%
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
39. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
US and precipitation
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
More rain means no drought
Troposphere
40. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
US and precipitation
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
75-OC
41. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ice loss
The Ozone Hole
Rainy
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
42. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Very small portion
In the troposphere that we live in.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Stronger
43. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Radiative Forcing
44. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Permafrost
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thinner atmosphere
45. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Severe coastal erosion
Types of Albedo
Altimetry Cons
Troposphere
46. 240 w/m squared
Warming; cooling
doubles
Very small portion
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
47. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
doubles
Surface Mass Balance
The Ozone Hole
Sea-Ice Albedo
48. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Indirect heat wave effect
Today melting ice
Reduction in sea-ice extent
49. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
70%
Normal condition for air
winter
50. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Surface Mass Balance
The Ozone Hole
Infrared radiation
Altimetry