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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






2. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.






3. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






4. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






5. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






6. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






7. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






8. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






9. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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10. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.






11. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






12. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






13. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic






14. Cooler water and drought conditions.






15. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air






16. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet






17. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






18. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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19. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






20. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.






21. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






22. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






23. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






24. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.






25. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






26. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






27. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






28. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






29. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






30. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






31. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere






32. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






33. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






34. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






35. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.






36. How often does El Nio occur?






37. More common






38. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.






39. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






40. 240 w/m squared






41. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






42. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.






43. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv






44. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






45. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






46. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






47. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






48. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






49. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






50. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.







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