Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






2. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






3. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






4. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






5. The Earth emits this.






6. Permafrost- A frozen soil






7. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






8. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.






9. Like weighing oneself on the scale.






10. High vs low






11. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






12. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






13. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






14. Ocean retains ____ CO2






15. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






16. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






17. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation






18. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.






19. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






20. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






21. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






22. The amount of light reflected by an object.






23. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






24. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure






25. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






26. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






27. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






28. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






29. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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30. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






31. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






32. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






33. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.






34. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






35. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.






36. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






37. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






38. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






39. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






40. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






41. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.






42. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.






43. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






44. Amount of light absorbed by surface






45. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






46. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






47. Total absorbed solar radiation






48. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






49. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






50. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.