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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Troposphere
Ozone
Melt
Mass Balance
2. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
The Ozone Hole
Carbon Dioxide
Sublimation
Sea Ice
3. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
How talik forms under lakes
Sunspots
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
4. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
IPCC
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Thermohaline Circulatoin
5. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Closed talik
30%
Ice Motion
6. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
30%
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
7. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Layers of Earth
Questions to think about
Sea Ice
8. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Earth's tilt
Methane
Atmospheric Circulation
9. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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10. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Monthly maximums and minimums
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Heat wave
Through talik
11. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Global warming and hot nights?
Grounding v Surface Melting
Rainy
The Ozone Hole
12. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Positive
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Agricultural Drought
13. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice Cap
Affect Floods and Droughts
14. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Ice in the Arctic
Altimetry Pros
La Nia
Questions to think about
15. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Stronger
7%
How talik forms under lakes
16. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
In the stratosphere.
Warm
Hydrological Drought
Thermokarst Lake
17. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Greenhouse Gases
70%
Radiative Flux
18. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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19. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Altimetry Pros
Thermokarst
Carbon Dioxide
Thermohaline Circulation
20. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Climate Change in the Arctic
Monthly maximums and minimums
Affect Floods and Droughts
21. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Indirect heat wave effect
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Open talik
22. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Grounding Lines
Warming; cooling
Ice loss
Thermohaline Circulation
23. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
summer
doubles
Through talik
Very small portion
24. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Closed talik
Layers of Earth
Thermokarst Lake
Ice Cap
25. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Thermohaline Circulation
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice in the Arctic
summer
26. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Positive feedbacks both found in...
El Nino
Accumulation
27. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Atmospheric Structure
30%
Importance of ice sheets
Altimetry Pros
28. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
summer
Dry
Permafrost
Cloud Feedbacks
29. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Heat wave
Mass Budget
Warm
30. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
US and precipitation
The cryosphere
Normal condition for air
Longwave Radiation
31. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Absolute thresholds
Meteorological Drought
Mass Budget
20%
32. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
In the stratosphere.
Ocean water
What effects the density
Thermokarst Lake
33. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Indirect heat wave effect
Sea Ice
34. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Percentile departures
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Greenhouse Gases
35. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Severe coastal erosion
Greenhouse Gases
Ice Sheets
36. How often does El Nio occur?
Shortwave Length
Absolute thresholds
Meteorological Drought
Once every 4 years.
37. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Warming; cooling
doubles
38. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
In the stratosphere.
Monthly maximums and minimums
20%
39. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Greenland
Earth's tilt
Ice Sheets
Open talik
40. 240 w/m squared
Types of Albedo
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermokarst Lake
Warm
41. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
25%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Antarctica
42. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
doubles
Atmospheric Structure
Ice-Albedo
Active Layer
43. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Carbon Dioxide
Open talik
The Ozone Hole
44. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
Ice-Albedo
Negative
Energy Budget
45. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Discontinuous
In the stratosphere.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
46. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Meteorological Drought
Air pollution
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
The Ozone Hole
47. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
US and precipitation
30%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
48. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Stronger
Longwave Radiation
Permafrost
49. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Archimedes' Principle
Albedos of Snow and Ice
La Nia
Thermohaline Circulatoin
50. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
25%
IPCC
Percentile departures
Severe coastal erosion
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