Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






2. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






3. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.






4. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






5. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






6. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






7. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






8. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






9. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






10. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.






11. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent






12. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.






13. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






14. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.






15. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






16. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






17. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






18. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






19. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






20. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






21. Where does the ozone protect us?






22. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.






23. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor






24. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation






25. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.






26. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






27. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






28. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






29. How often does El Nio occur?






30. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






31. 85%






32. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






33. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






34. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)






35. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount






36. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






37. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






38. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






39. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






40. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






41. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






42. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






43. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






44. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






45. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






46. Cooler water and drought conditions.






47. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






48. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






49. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






50. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%