Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






2. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






3. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






4. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






5. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






6. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






7. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






8. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






9. Where does the ozone protect us?






10. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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11. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






12. Ocean retains ____ CO2






13. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






14. The Earth emits this.






15. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






16. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






17. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.






18. Amount of light absorbed by surface






19. High vs low






20. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought






21. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






22. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






23. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






24. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






25. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






26. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






27. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






28. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






29. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






30. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






31. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.






32. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






33. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2






34. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






35. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






36. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






37. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






38. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






39. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air






40. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.






41. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






42. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






43. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






44. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






45. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






46. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






47. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






48. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






49. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






50. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.