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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Depth v Surface
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
20%
Increases - decreases
2. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Warming; cooling
Atmospheric Composition
Through talik
3. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Atmospheric Structure
Dynamic thinning
Air pollution
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
4. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Why the Arctic climate is special
Positive
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Increases - decreases
5. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Ocean water
.75OC/km-1
Normal condition for air
6. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ice Motion
Why the Arctic climate is special
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
7. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Greenland
Closed talik
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
8. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
20%
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer Summer
Cloud Feedbacks
9. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Atmospheric Composition
Agricultural Drought
Ozone Hole
Black Carbon
10. Measures input and output.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Mass Budget
Active Layer
Inversion Layer (feedback)
11. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Increases - decreases
12. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
How talik forms under lakes
GHG
13. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Permafrost Degradation
Ocean water
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
14. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Archimedes' Principle
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
reduction in sea-ice
The Ozone Hole
15. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Types of Albedo
air can warm dramatically
Stronger
Discontinuous
16. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Normal condition for air
Ocean water
Atmospheric Composition?
Black Carbon
17. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Active Layer
Thinner atmosphere
Mass Change
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
18. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
All Greenhouse gases
The cryosphere
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
19. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Normal condition for air
Ice-Albedo
20. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Grounding Lines
Cloud Feedbacks
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
21. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ice/snow
22. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
More rain means no drought
air can warm dramatically
Thermokarst Lake
Ice Shelf
23. Less frequent and weaker
Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer Summer
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Antarctica
24. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Ocean water
Thermokarst
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Today melting ice
25. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Greenhouse Gases
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Surface Mass Balance
26. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Air pollution
1 m/yr; 10x
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
.75OC/km-1
27. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
% of Greenhouse Gases
Surface Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
28. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Discontinuous
Layers of Earth
Shortwave Length
29. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
.75OC/km-1
Surface Mass Balance
Discontinuous
Albedos of Snow and Ice
30. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Sublimation
How to define a heatwave
50%
31. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Sheets
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thinner atmosphere
32. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Types of Albedo
50%
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
33. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Surface Mass Balance
Grounding Lines
Ice loss
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
34. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Time Variable Gravity
Shortwave Length
Meteorological Drought
Indirect heat wave effect
35. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Sea Ice
Ice Sheets
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ozone
36. Where does the ozone protect us?
25%
In the stratosphere.
Thermokarst Lake
70%
37. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Albedo
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Thinner atmosphere
38. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Frozen Soil
Heat Source and Pressure
Antarctica
39. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Dry
Agricultural Drought
Ice Discharge
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
40. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
In the stratosphere.
In the troposphere that we live in.
1 m/yr; 10x
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
41. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Greenhouse Gases
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Inversion Layer Winter
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
42. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Surface Mass Balance
Strong
Ice loss
43. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
The cryosphere
Permafrost
The Ozone Hole
44. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Earth's tilt
Accumulation
Negative
45. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Greenland
% of Greenhouse Gases
Mass Budget
46. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Warming; cooling
Altimetry (height)
47. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Severe coastal erosion
Ozone Hole
Antarctica
48. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
49. 240 w/m squared
Ice Discharge
Albedo
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
50. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Agricultural Drought
% of Greenhouse Gases
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.