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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Inversion Layer Summer
Increases - decreases
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
El Nino
2. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Arctic Atmosphere
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
How talik forms under lakes
3. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Mass Balance
Energy Budget
4. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
All Greenhouse gases
Atmospheric Structure
air can warm dramatically
Ozone Hole
5. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Talik
Affect Floods and Droughts
GHG
7%
6. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Altimetry
Ice/snow
Radiative Flux
Precipitation and High Latitudes
7. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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8. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Percentile departures
Ice Shelf
Altimetry Cons
Atmospheric Composition?
9. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ozone
10. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Inversion Layer Summer
Sea-Ice Albedo
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Grounding Lines
11. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Ice loss
Layers of Earth
El Nino
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
12. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
El Nino
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice/snow
13. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
.75OC/km-1
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Agricultural Drought
Affect Floods and Droughts
14. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Absolute thresholds
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
15. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Climate Change in the Arctic
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Once every 4 years.
16. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Sea-Ice Albedo
How we measure Mass Balance
Melt
Wetter; drier
17. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Energy Budget
Warm
Absolute thresholds
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
18. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Normal condition for air
Methane
Altimetry Pros
Open talik
19. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Talik
Accumulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
20. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Permafrost
Warm
doubles
21. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ozone
Types of Albedo
22. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Sublimation
Very small portion
Ice in the Arctic
45%
23. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
The Ozone Hole
GHG
Cloud Feedbacks
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
24. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Questions to think about
Meteorological Drought
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Positive
25. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Layers of Earth
Altimetry (height)
26. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Archimedes' Principle
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
27. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
20%
Carbon Dioxide
Black Carbon
Ice in the Arctic
28. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Severe coastal erosion
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Inversion Layer (feedback)
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
29. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
70%
Ice Discharge
45%
Radiative Forcing
30. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Positive
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
75-OC
31. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
El Nino
Atmospheric Circulation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
32. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Very small portion
Surface Mass Balance
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
33. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Energy Budget
Percentile departures
Carbon Dioxide
Altimetry
34. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Today melting ice
Discontinuous
Ice Sheets
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
35. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Thermokarst Lake
Surface Mass Balance
36. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Inversion Layer Summer
Closed talik
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
La Nia
37. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Black Carbon
30%
Ice Cap
% of Greenhouse Gases
38. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Thermokarst
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Sunspots
Surface Mass Balance
39. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Surface Mass Balance
Troposphere
Ice-Albedo
How talik forms under lakes
40. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
How talik forms under lakes
Black Carbon
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Today melting ice
41. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Thermokarst Lake
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Dynamic thinning
Discontinuous
42. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Thermokarst
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice Sheets
43. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
El Nino
Melt
Thermokarst Lake
Depth v Surface
44. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Ice Shelf
Percentile departures
Inversion Layer (feedback)
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
45. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Warm
Natural Causes of Warming
Severe coastal erosion
46. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
How a closed talik forms
50%
How to define a heatwave
47. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Ice loss
Global warming and hot nights?
summer
Depth v Surface
48. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Thermohaline Circulation
Warming; cooling
Increases - decreases
Methane
49. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Sublimation
Thermokarst
Radiative Flux
50. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Black Carbon
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Calving