Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






2. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






3. More common






4. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






5. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






6. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






7. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






8. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






9. Measures input and output.






10. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?






11. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






12. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






13. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






14. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






15. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface






16. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






17. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






18. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent






19. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






20. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






21. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






22. Ocean retains ____ CO2






23. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






24. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






25. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






26. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






27. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






28. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






29. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






30. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






31. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century






32. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






33. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.






34. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.






35. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






36. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






37. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






38. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.






39. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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40. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






41. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






42. Where does the ozone protect us?






43. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought






44. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






45. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.






46. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






47. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






48. Permafrost- A frozen soil






49. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.






50. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi