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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Global warming and hot nights?
Accumulation
25%
Grounding Lines
2. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Talik
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Infrared radiation
3. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Permafrost
Ozone
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Once every 4 years.
4. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Troposphere
Inversion Layer Winter
Cloud Feedbacks
5. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Types of Albedo
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
6. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Altimetry
Affect Floods and Droughts
Stronger
7. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Sunspots
75-OC
Antarctica
20%
8. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Talik
Grounding v Surface Melting
Grounding Lines
9. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Depth v Surface
Discontinuous
10. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Infrared radiation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
30%
11. 240 w/m squared
Very small portion
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Black Carbon
Through talik
12. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
GHG
Surface Mass Balance
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
doubles
13. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Greenhouse Gases
Closed talik
Open talik
14. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
reduction in sea-ice
Mass Balance
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
15. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Altimetry Pros
Closed talik
Mass Balance
Questions to think about
16. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Ice Cap
% of Greenhouse Gases
Dry
Ocean water
17. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Affect Floods and Droughts
Importance of ice sheets
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ozone
18. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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19. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Frozen Soil
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Open talik
20. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Active Layer
In the troposphere that we live in.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
21. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Warm
Ice Shelf
Greenhouse Gases
1 m/yr; 10x
22. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Infrared radiation
Ozone Hole
Energy Budget
23. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Atmospheric Circulation
Atmospheric Composition?
Thermokarst
24. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Global warming and hot nights?
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Grounding Lines
Altimetry Cons
25. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Sea Ice
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Normal condition for air
Accumulation
26. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Permafrost
30%
Permafrost
7%
27. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Permafrost Degradation
Sunspots
Grounding Lines
28. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Arctic Atmosphere
Sunspots
Thermokarst
Mass Balance
29. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
La Nia
Time Variable Gravity
Albedo
Reduction in sea-ice extent
30. Melting Point decreases
Antarctica
Melt
.75OC/km-1
1 m/yr; 10x
31. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Depth v Surface
Arctic Atmosphere
Energy Budget
70%
32. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Thermokarst
33. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Altimetry Pros
The Ozone Hole
GHG
34. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Altimetry Pros
reduction in sea-ice
Atmospheric Circulation
35. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Archimedes' Principle
Earth's tilt
70%
36. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Open talik
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ozone
37. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Ice-Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
Active Layer
38. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermokarst Lake
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
39. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
How a closed talik forms
Mass Change
air can warm dramatically
Normal condition for air
40. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Thermokarst
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Thermohaline Circulation
41. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
How talik forms under lakes
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
% of Greenhouse Gases
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
42. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Monthly maximums and minimums
Mass Change
Today melting ice
43. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
How to define a heatwave
Dry
Thermokarst
Methane
44. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Percentile departures
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Sheets
Archimedes' Principle
45. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
45%
Agricultural Drought
Closed talik
El Nino
46. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Atmospheric Circulation
Arctic Atmosphere
Stronger
Ice Cap
47. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Radiative Flux
48. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Atmospheric Structure
El Nino
49. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Methane
IPCC
How talik forms under lakes
What happens with the Ozone Hole
50. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ice Discharge
Ozone Hole
Archimedes' Principle
Altimetry Pros