Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!






2. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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3. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






4. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






5. How often does El Nio occur?






6. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic






7. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.






8. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






9. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






10. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






11. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






12. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans






13. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






14. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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15. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






16. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






17. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






18. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






19. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






20. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.






21. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






22. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2






23. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






24. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.






25. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation






26. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






27. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






29. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






30. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






31. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






32. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.






33. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






34. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






35. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.






36. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






37. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.






38. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






39. More common






40. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






41. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






42. Measures input and output.






43. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






44. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






45. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure






46. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere






47. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






48. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.






49. Ocean retains ____ CO2






50. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -







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