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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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2. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thinner atmosphere
Altimetry (height)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
3. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
Radiative Flux
Layers of Earth
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
4. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
How to define a heatwave
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Global warming and hot nights?
5. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
US and precipitation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
The Ozone Hole
Through talik
6. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice Sheets
Melt
7. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Through talik
Warming; cooling
GHG
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
8. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
50%
The cryosphere
Altimetry
Ocean water
9. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
More rain means no drought
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Mass Balance
Grounding Lines
10. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
25%
Threshold departures
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
11. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Sea-Ice Albedo
summer
El Nino
12. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
IPCC
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
Surface Mass Balance
13. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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14. Really measures volume.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice/snow
Altimetry
15. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Warm
Thermokarst Lake
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Atmospheric Composition
16. The Earth emits this.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Inversion Layer Summer
Longwave Radiation
How talik forms under lakes
17. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Longwave Radiation
In the stratosphere.
Ice in the Arctic
Warm
18. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Ozone Hole
Antarctica
How a closed talik forms
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
19. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Thermokarst
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
20. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Sunspots
Ice Shelf
Monthly maximums and minimums
Positive feedbacks both found in...
21. 240 w/m squared
Mass Balance
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
22. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Mass Budget
Dynamic thinning
Greenland
Surface Mass Balance
23. Where does the ozone protect us?
Atmospheric Composition
Ozone Hole
In the stratosphere.
45%
24. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Radiative Forcing
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice/snow
Inversion Layer (feedback)
25. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Where rise in OC is greatest
Thinner atmosphere
How to define a heatwave
The Ozone Hole
26. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice in the Arctic
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
27. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
El Nino
doubles
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Warming; cooling
28. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Atmospheric Circulation
Greenland
Depth v Surface
25%
29. How often does El Nio occur?
50%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Meteorological Drought
Once every 4 years.
30. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Permafrost Degradation
Antarctica
20%
Surface Mass Balance
31. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Importance of ice sheets
Methane
32. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Wetter; drier
US and precipitation
Ice Discharge
Ice shelf
33. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Rainy
Stronger
34. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Positive
Ice Shelf
35. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Warming; cooling
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thinner atmosphere
36. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Accumulation
7%
Ozone Hole
Mass Budget
37. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Time Variable Gravity
Ice Discharge
Positive
Methane
38. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Ozone
Thermohaline Circulation
How to define a heatwave
Reduction in sea-ice extent
39. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Surface Mass Balance
Sea Ice
Permafrost
Energy Budget
40. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Air pollution
Sublimation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
IPCC
41. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Grounding v Surface Melting
Warming; cooling
Importance of ice sheets
42. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
What effects the density
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Natural Causes of Warming
doubles
43. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
The Ozone Hole
In the stratosphere.
44. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry Pros
Troposphere
45. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
El Nino
Radiative Flux
Ice/snow
Severe coastal erosion
46. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
.7O Celsius over the past century.
In the stratosphere.
Natural Causes of Warming
Sea Ice
47. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Permafrost Degradation
Active Layer
Longwave Radiation
48. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Shortwave Length
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Troposphere
Rainy
49. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
What effects the density
Albedo
Ozone Hole
50. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice Sheets
Ice Motion