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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Dry
Longwave Radiation
Ice Motion
Ice loss
2. Where does the ozone protect us?
summer
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Percentile departures
In the stratosphere.
3. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Greenland
Sea-Ice Albedo
Inversion Layer Winter
Energy Budget
4. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Carbon Dioxide
Permafrost
Melt
5. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Radiative Forcing
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Depth v Surface
6. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
More rain means no drought
Arctic Atmosphere
Why the Arctic climate is special
7. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Through talik
Grounding Lines
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice Cap
8. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Air pollution
Rainy
70%
Warming; cooling
9. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
El Nino
Ice Cap
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone Hole
10. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Very small portion
La Nia
Permafrost
Natural Causes of Warming
11. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
.75OC/km-1
More rain means no drought
How a closed talik forms
12. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Atmospheric Composition?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Grounding Lines
13. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Heat Source and Pressure
Rainy
Carbon Dioxide
Through talik
14. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
75-OC
Surface Mass Balance
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
15. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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16. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Infrared radiation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
IPCC
17. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
20%
More rain means no drought
Positive
Where rise in OC is greatest
18. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Altimetry Cons
Ozone Hole
Thermokarst Lake
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
19. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Atmospheric Composition?
Warming; cooling
US and precipitation
Increases - decreases
20. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Permafrost Degradation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
50%
21. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Radiative Flux
45%
Very small portion
Mass Balance
22. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Altimetry Cons
23. Less frequent and weaker
Atmospheric Composition
Ice shelf
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer Summer
24. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermokarst Lake
Atmospheric Circulation
25. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Methane
Natural Causes of Warming
50%
Increases - decreases
26. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Ice Shelf
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Energy Budget
Atmospheric Structure
27. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Ice absorbs
Thermokarst
Ozone Hole
Dry
28. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Altimetry Cons
Through talik
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Negative
29. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
25%
Surface Mass Balance
US and precipitation
Ice Sheets
30. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Energy Budget
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Meteorological Drought
31. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Structure
Thermokarst
Time Variable Gravity
32. Permafrost- A frozen soil
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Calving
Frozen Soil
winter
33. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Rainy
Thermokarst Lake
Arctic Atmosphere
34. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Ice Sheets
reduction in sea-ice
In the stratosphere.
Warm
35. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Active Layer
Through talik
30%
36. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Sunspots
Why the Arctic climate is special
How to define a heatwave
37. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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38. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
50%
US and precipitation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Mass Change
39. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Archimedes' Principle
Grounding Lines
Ice Motion
What happens with the Ozone Hole
40. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Thermokarst
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Closed talik
41. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Through talik
42. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Composition?
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atmospheric Structure
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
43. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Layers of Earth
Precipitation and High Latitudes
In the troposphere that we live in.
44. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
The cryosphere
US and precipitation
In the stratosphere.
45. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Thermohaline Circulation
Meteorological Drought
46. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Albedo
% of Greenhouse Gases
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Atmospheric Structure
47. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Active Layer
The cryosphere
Ice/snow
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
48. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Methane
Indirect heat wave effect
Open talik
Global warming and hot nights?
49. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Ice/snow
Atmospheric Structure
Open talik
Ocean water
50. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Layers of Earth
Greenhouse Gases