SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Antarctica
Importance of ice sheets
Ice Sheets
Percentile departures
2. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Agricultural Drought
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Dry
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
3. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Antarctica
Frozen Soil
summer
Negative
4. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Black Carbon
Melt
Importance of ice sheets
5. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Heat Source and Pressure
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice Motion
6. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Radiative Forcing
In the troposphere that we live in.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
summer
7. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Frozen Soil
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Reduction in sea-ice extent
8. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Ice absorbs
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Absolute thresholds
9. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Antarctica
Ice Sheets
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ozone Hole
10. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Heat Source and Pressure
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Inversion Layer Summer
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
11. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Atmospheric Structure
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Increases - decreases
Accumulation
12. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Antarctica
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
winter
The cryosphere
13. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
.75OC/km-1
Normal condition for air
Atmospheric Composition?
Talik
14. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ocean water
Open talik
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
15. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Once every 4 years.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice loss
16. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sublimation
Ozone
17. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Grounding Lines
Altimetry
18. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
How we measure Mass Balance
Severe coastal erosion
Heat Source and Pressure
Archimedes' Principle
19. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Methane
Antarctica
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Thermohaline Circulatoin
20. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Ice in the Arctic
Antarctica
Ice absorbs
Altimetry (height)
21. Total absorbed solar radiation
El Nino
70%
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Threshold departures
22. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Monthly maximums and minimums
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ice-Ocean Interactions
23. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Carbon Dioxide
Ice-Albedo
Rainy
24. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Ice Discharge
Ice shelf
Discontinuous
Stronger
25. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Severe coastal erosion
Agricultural Drought
Sublimation
26. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Ice Sheets
Wetter; drier
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
27. 240 w/m squared
More rain means no drought
Heat wave
How talik forms under lakes
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
28. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
GHG
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
29. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Rainy
Ocean water
How talik forms under lakes
Infrared radiation
30. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Grounding Lines
Questions to think about
Atmospheric Composition
Positive
31. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
30%
Ice loss
What effects the density
32. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Accumulation
Altimetry
Thermokarst Lake
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
33. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Increases - decreases
Natural Causes of Warming
How talik forms under lakes
Very small portion
34. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Longwave Radiation
Methane
Natural Causes of Warming
Melt
35. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Absolute thresholds
Accumulation
The Ozone Hole
Negative
36. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Carbon Dioxide
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Antarctica
37. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
air can warm dramatically
Closed talik
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
38. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
Albedo
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Global warming and hot nights?
39. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Absolute thresholds
Atmospheric Circulation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
40. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Ice Shelf
IPCC
20%
Ice Cap
41. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Ocean water
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ozone
42. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Questions to think about
In the troposphere that we live in.
Global warming and hot nights?
Surface Mass Balance
43. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Earth's tilt
Atmospheric Composition
Troposphere
Surface Mass Balance
44. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Grounding Lines
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Inversion Layer Winter
45. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Arctic Atmosphere
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice absorbs
46. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Earth's tilt
Climate Change in the Arctic
47. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Closed talik
How to define a heatwave
How a closed talik forms
Black Carbon
48. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
The cryosphere
Melt
GHG
49. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Discontinuous
Hydrological Drought
Cloud Feedbacks
50. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183