Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






2. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






3. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv






4. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






5. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






6. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth






7. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






8. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?






9. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






10. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






11. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






12. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






13. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






14. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






15. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






16. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






17. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






18. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.






19. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere






20. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






21. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






22. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






23. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






24. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.






25. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.






26. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.






27. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






28. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






29. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






30. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






31. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century






32. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






33. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.






34. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






35. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






36. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






37. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






38. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans






39. How often does El Nio occur?






40. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






41. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






42. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount






43. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






44. The Earth emits this.






45. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.






46. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






47. Amount of light absorbed by surface






48. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.






49. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






50. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.