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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Dynamic thinning
Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
2. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Mass Budget
Ice Shelf
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Atmospheric Composition
3. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Strong
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Climate Change in the Arctic
The cryosphere
4. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Sea Ice
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Greenhouse Gases
5. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atmospheric Composition
Stronger
20%
6. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
7%
Mass Balance
Sunspots
Natural Causes of Warming
7. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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8. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Atmospheric Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice in the Arctic
Atmospheric Composition?
9. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Strong
air can warm dramatically
Greenland
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
10. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Archimedes' Principle
Today melting ice
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
11. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Archimedes' Principle
75-OC
Affect Floods and Droughts
Permafrost
12. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Agricultural Drought
1 m/yr; 10x
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Increases - decreases
13. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Negative
Albedo
IPCC
14. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Warm
Mass Change
Ice-Albedo
Arctic Atmosphere
15. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Sea Ice
Antarctica
7%
All Greenhouse gases
16. 240 w/m squared
Ice Shelf
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
17. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Once every 4 years.
Very small portion
Mass Balance
18. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
GHG
Strong
Methane
Why the Arctic climate is special
19. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Time Variable Gravity
Layers of Earth
Rainy
Greenland
20. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Stronger
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermohaline Circulatoin
21. How much is the planet really warming?
Methane
% of Greenhouse Gases
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
22. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Shortwave Length
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Atmospheric Circulation
23. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Troposphere
Greenhouse Gases
Thinner atmosphere
24. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Sea Ice
Permafrost Degradation
Positive
Time Variable Gravity
25. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Ice/snow
In the troposphere that we live in.
Melt
Atmospheric Circulation
26. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice Cap
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
In the stratosphere.
27. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Once every 4 years.
Global warming and hot nights?
More rain means no drought
Archimedes' Principle
28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
El Nino
reduction in sea-ice
29. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Surface Mass Balance
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Earth's tilt
Rainy
30. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Radiative Forcing
Longwave Radiation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Shortwave Length
31. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Why the Arctic climate is special
Monthly maximums and minimums
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice shelf
32. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
The cryosphere
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
IPCC
33. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
How talik forms under lakes
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
winter
Surface Mass Balance
34. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Mass Budget
Ice shelf
How a closed talik forms
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
35. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Meteorological Drought
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Global warming and hot nights?
Altimetry Cons
36. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
The cryosphere
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice Cap
37. High vs low
Talik
Permafrost
Cloud Feedbacks
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
38. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Permafrost
Melt
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
.7O Celsius over the past century.
39. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Grounding Lines
Affect Floods and Droughts
Earth's tilt
Ice shelf
40. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Calving
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice Sheets
41. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Troposphere
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice Sheets
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
42. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Positive
Sublimation
Permafrost
43. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Atmospheric Structure
Threshold departures
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
44. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
GHG
Wetter; drier
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulatoin
45. Melting Point decreases
GHG
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ozone Hole
.75OC/km-1
46. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Grounding Lines
Ice in the Arctic
What effects the density
Surface Mass Balance
47. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Dynamic thinning
Altimetry (height)
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
El Nino
48. The Earth emits this.
50%
Longwave Radiation
Wetter; drier
Ice/snow
49. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Radiative Flux
Thermohaline Circulation
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
50. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Precipitation and High Latitudes
50%
Active Layer