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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Shortwave Length
Questions to think about
Arctic Atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
2. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Positive
Heat Source and Pressure
Heat wave
3. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Once every 4 years.
Ice in the Arctic
Increases - decreases
4. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
75-OC
Thermokarst
Talik
5. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Atmospheric Circulation
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Arctic Atmosphere
6. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
More rain means no drought
reduction in sea-ice
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
How we measure Mass Balance
7. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Absolute thresholds
Monthly maximums and minimums
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
What effects the density
8. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Sea-Ice Albedo
25%
Ice-Albedo
Ice loss
9. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ozone
Absolute thresholds
air can warm dramatically
10. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Antarctica
Melt
Greenland
Permafrost Degradation
11. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
20%
Surface Mass Balance
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
IPCC
12. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Today melting ice
Global warming and hot nights?
Active Layer
Thermokarst
13. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Greenhouse Gases
14. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Permafrost Degradation
Ice shelf
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ice Sheets
15. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Shortwave Length
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Arctic Atmosphere
Sublimation
16. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Open talik
45%
Strong
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
17. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Sea Ice
Once every 4 years.
Cloud Feedbacks
Permafrost
18. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Stronger
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ocean water
Depth v Surface
19. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Increases - decreases
Thermohaline Circulatoin
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
20. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Dry
Increases - decreases
Radiative Forcing
Strong
21. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Indirect heat wave effect
Depth v Surface
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
22. More common
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Inversion Layer Winter
23. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Discontinuous
Archimedes' Principle
Ice Discharge
Carbon Dioxide
24. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Frozen Soil
El Nino
Albedos of Snow and Ice
25. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Negative
Dry
Sublimation
26. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Greenhouse Gases
Thinner atmosphere
What happens with the Ozone Hole
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
27. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Cloud Feedbacks
Talik
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Radiative Forcing
28. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition
Atmospheric Composition?
Thermohaline Circulation
Sublimation
29. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Permafrost
Carbon Dioxide
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
30. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
25%
Greenland
Grounding Lines
winter
31. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Indirect heat wave effect
Shortwave Length
Infrared radiation
32. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Sea Ice
Affect Floods and Droughts
Questions to think about
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
33. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Ice Sheets
What effects the density
Dynamic thinning
34. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Agricultural Drought
Ice Sheets
20%
.7O Celsius over the past century.
35. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
% of Greenhouse Gases
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Active Layer
36. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
air can warm dramatically
Positive feedbacks both found in...
.75OC/km-1
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
37. Melting Point decreases
What happens with the Ozone Hole
.75OC/km-1
Antarctica
Agricultural Drought
38. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Climate Change in the Arctic
Wetter; drier
Atmospheric Composition
Negative
39. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
air can warm dramatically
Active Layer
Why the Arctic climate is special
40. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ice Sheets
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone
Thermokarst Lake
41. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
The Ozone Hole
How talik forms under lakes
7%
42. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulation
Earth's tilt
reduction in sea-ice
43. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ozone Hole
25%
44. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
In the stratosphere.
Earth's tilt
Strong
Layers of Earth
45. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Sunspots
Questions to think about
In the stratosphere.
30%
46. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
More rain means no drought
Natural Causes of Warming
7%
47. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Monthly maximums and minimums
Permafrost
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Antarctica
48. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
30%
Grounding Lines
US and precipitation
Importance of ice sheets
49. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Surface Mass Balance
Sublimation
Greenhouse Gases
Shortwave Length
50. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Indirect heat wave effect
Monthly maximums and minimums
Altimetry Pros
Normal condition for air