SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Radiative Forcing
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ocean water
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
2. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Ocean water
Ice Shelf
Mass Budget
3. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Grounding Lines
Thermokarst
Thinner atmosphere
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
4. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Permafrost
Dry
Altimetry
Antarctica
5. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Thermohaline Circulation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Why the Arctic climate is special
6. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Altimetry Pros
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Stronger
7. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Negative
Indirect heat wave effect
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Sublimation
8. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Mass Change
Thermokarst
Arctic Atmosphere
9. Where does the ozone protect us?
Heat wave
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
In the stratosphere.
30%
10. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
11. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Energy Budget
Altimetry (height)
Accumulation
Antarctica
12. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Ozone
25%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Today melting ice
13. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Earth's tilt
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Strong
14. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Grounding v Surface Melting
15. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Surface Mass Balance
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
16. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Inversion Layer Summer
Open talik
30%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
17. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
reduction in sea-ice
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice-Albedo
18. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Mass Change
Time Variable Gravity
50%
20%
19. High vs low
Heat wave
Infrared radiation
Cloud Feedbacks
Open talik
20. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
All Greenhouse gases
Agricultural Drought
GHG
Thermohaline Circulation
21. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Importance of ice sheets
Normal condition for air
Thermohaline Circulatoin
22. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Stronger
Closed talik
Methane
23. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Ice loss
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Types of Albedo
24. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Types of Albedo
Ice shelf
Rainy
How a closed talik forms
25. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thinner atmosphere
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
70%
26. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Infrared radiation
Depth v Surface
.75OC/km-1
Ice Shelf
27. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ocean water
Permafrost
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Grounding v Surface Melting
28. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Troposphere
Atmospheric Composition
Meteorological Drought
Greenhouse Gases
29. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Greenhouse Gases
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
30. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
La Nia
Warming; cooling
31. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
25%
Positive feedbacks both found in...
45%
32. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Heat Source and Pressure
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
33. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Absolute thresholds
Today melting ice
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
34. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Archimedes' Principle
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Grounding v Surface Melting
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
35. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
In the troposphere that we live in.
IPCC
Ice Sheets
36. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Wetter; drier
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Sublimation
37. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
El Nino
Ozone
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
38. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Natural Causes of Warming
Grounding Lines
Today melting ice
Altimetry
39. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Accumulation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
75-OC
GHG
40. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice shelf
Surface Mass Balance
Ocean water
41. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Atmospheric Circulation
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice Sheets
Permafrost
42. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice Motion
reduction in sea-ice
43. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Albedo
doubles
Cloud Feedbacks
Mass Change
44. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
How we measure Mass Balance
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Threshold departures
Very small portion
45. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Ice Motion
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Altimetry (height)
Reduction in sea-ice extent
46. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Normal condition for air
Sea-Ice Albedo
47. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Very small portion
Absolute thresholds
Meteorological Drought
48. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Permafrost
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
49. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Permafrost
Indirect heat wave effect
Questions to think about
Severe coastal erosion
50. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Thinner atmosphere
Discontinuous
75-OC
Ozone Hole