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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Antarctica
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Longwave Radiation
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
2. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Archimedes' Principle
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice Sheets
3. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Rainy
Grounding Lines
How to define a heatwave
Grounding Lines
4. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Methane
Surface Mass Balance
Why the Arctic climate is special
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
5. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Ice shelf
Mass Change
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ozone Hole
6. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Thermokarst Lake
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
IPCC
Positive feedbacks both found in...
7. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Once every 4 years.
Infrared radiation
summer
8. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Greenhouse Gases
Global warming and hot nights?
Altimetry Pros
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
9. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Ice Discharge
More rain means no drought
Energy Budget
Ice loss
10. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
More rain means no drought
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Heat Source and Pressure
11. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Ice Shelf
Warming; cooling
Agricultural Drought
45%
12. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Thermokarst Lake
Dynamic thinning
Closed talik
Types of Albedo
13. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Today melting ice
Wetter; drier
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
14. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Thinner atmosphere
Ice Discharge
More rain means no drought
15. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Very small portion
Heat wave
Altimetry Cons
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
16. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Calving
Positive feedbacks both found in...
More rain means no drought
All Greenhouse gases
17. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Radiative Flux
Altimetry (height)
Ice Discharge
Climate Change in the Arctic
18. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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19. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
GHG
Grounding Lines
How talik forms under lakes
20. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Positive
Dynamic thinning
Agricultural Drought
Melt
21. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Radiative Flux
Radiative Forcing
Air pollution
22. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Atmospheric Structure
Today melting ice
Ocean water
23. Really measures volume.
Thermokarst
Altimetry
Permafrost Degradation
Longwave Radiation
24. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Methane
Shortwave Length
More rain means no drought
Radiative Flux
25. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Atmospheric Composition?
Talik
In the troposphere that we live in.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
26. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atmospheric Composition
Indirect heat wave effect
Very small portion
27. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
How to define a heatwave
Ozone Hole
Troposphere
Methane
28. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
Methane
Natural Causes of Warming
In the troposphere that we live in.
29. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Radiative Flux
Black Carbon
Mass Change
30. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Air pollution
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
31. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Time Variable Gravity
Methane
Accumulation
El Nino
32. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Inversion Layer Summer
30%
Threshold departures
Greenland
33. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
The Ozone Hole
summer
Ice Motion
.75OC/km-1
34. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Positive
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice Sheets
35. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
How we measure Mass Balance
Air pollution
Closed talik
36. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
Normal condition for air
30%
Agricultural Drought
37. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Layers of Earth
45%
Energy Budget
38. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Warm
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
45%
Percentile departures
39. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice-Albedo
40. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ice Discharge
70%
Altimetry Cons
41. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Thermohaline Circulatoin
30%
Antarctica
42. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Active Layer
Ozone Hole
Ice/snow
Energy Budget
43. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Threshold departures
Methane
Grounding Lines
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
44. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Open talik
Thermohaline Circulatoin
45. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Ozone Hole
Permafrost
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Strong
46. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
US and precipitation
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
20%
Open talik
47. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Calving
Discontinuous
Archimedes' Principle
48. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
All Greenhouse gases
Ozone Hole
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
49. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Indirect heat wave effect
Inversion Layer Winter
US and precipitation
50. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Indirect heat wave effect
winter
Thermokarst
Stronger