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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Sublimation
Questions to think about
Antarctica
Altimetry
2. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ice shelf
Longwave Radiation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
3. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Ice Motion
Ice Shelf
Atmospheric Composition
4. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Time Variable Gravity
Threshold departures
Mass Balance
5. Total absorbed solar radiation
Where rise in OC is greatest
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
70%
Air pollution
6. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Ozone Hole
Climate Change in the Arctic
Heat wave
Altimetry
7. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ozone Hole
Calving
More rain means no drought
8. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
IPCC
Ice Shelf
Ozone Hole
Mass Balance
9. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Ozone Hole
Ice Motion
Altimetry
Radiative Forcing
10. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Mass Budget
Sublimation
Accumulation
11. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice Motion
Troposphere
Negative
12. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
The Ozone Hole
75-OC
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
45%
13. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
1 m/yr; 10x
Mass Change
Ice shelf
14. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Thermohaline Circulation
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Permafrost
Natural Causes of Warming
15. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
How a closed talik forms
Positive
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
16. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Natural Causes of Warming
Importance of ice sheets
Ozone Hole
7%
17. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Radiative Flux
1 m/yr; 10x
Why the Arctic climate is special
Altimetry
18. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
45%
Ice Motion
19. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Ocean water
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
IPCC
Grounding Lines
20. Less frequent and weaker
Altimetry Pros
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Inversion Layer Summer
Melt
21. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
How to define a heatwave
Methane
Ice Discharge
Thinner atmosphere
22. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
In the stratosphere.
20%
Global warming and hot nights?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
23. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ozone
Altimetry Pros
winter
24. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Thermohaline Circulation
Arctic Atmosphere
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
More rain means no drought
25. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Arctic Atmosphere
26. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Mass Budget
Atmospheric Composition?
Greenhouse Gases
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
27. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermokarst
Mass Change
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
28. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Hydrological Drought
Frozen Soil
Wetter; drier
The Ozone Hole
29. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Heat wave
30%
Ice Shelf
Energy Budget
30. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Mass Budget
Permafrost Degradation
Through talik
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
31. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice Discharge
Ice/snow
Greenland
32. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Positive
Altimetry Cons
Permafrost
Grounding v Surface Melting
33. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Frozen Soil
La Nia
Why the Arctic climate is special
34. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Black Carbon
How a closed talik forms
35. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Warming; cooling
Time Variable Gravity
36. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Shortwave Length
Agricultural Drought
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Increases - decreases
37. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
50%
Sea Ice
In the stratosphere.
38. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Altimetry
air can warm dramatically
Ice in the Arctic
All Greenhouse gases
39. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Shortwave Length
Questions to think about
Albedo
Ice-Ocean Interactions
40. Where does the ozone protect us?
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
In the stratosphere.
Ice shelf
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
41. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
summer
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Atmospheric Composition?
Permafrost
42. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Carbon Dioxide
Ice absorbs
Negative
Melt
43. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice Sheets
Atmospheric Composition?
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
44. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Albedo
Mass Balance
Meteorological Drought
45. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Carbon Dioxide
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ice Motion
46. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Air pollution
Thermohaline Circulation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
47. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
winter
50%
Inversion Layer Winter
reduction in sea-ice
48. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
Shortwave Length
Where rise in OC is greatest
Normal condition for air
49. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice-Albedo
Troposphere
50. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Percentile departures
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Severe coastal erosion
Altimetry (height)