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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Arctic Atmosphere
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thermohaline Circulation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
2. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Troposphere
Black Carbon
US and precipitation
3. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Threshold departures
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ozone Hole
Normal condition for air
4. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Mass Change
Grounding v Surface Melting
Questions to think about
In the troposphere that we live in.
5. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Thermohaline Circulation
45%
Ice Cap
Meteorological Drought
6. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
La Nia
Altimetry Cons
summer
Natural Causes of Warming
7. How much is the planet really warming?
In the troposphere that we live in.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice absorbs
8. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Discharge
Active Layer
Hydrological Drought
9. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Heat Source and Pressure
Grounding v Surface Melting
Albedo
10. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Sublimation
Thermohaline Circulation
Rainy
reduction in sea-ice
11. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Layers of Earth
50%
Importance of ice sheets
Positive feedbacks both found in...
12. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
reduction in sea-ice
Severe coastal erosion
Altimetry Pros
How we measure Mass Balance
13. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
Hydrological Drought
reduction in sea-ice
Energy Budget
14. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Depth v Surface
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
15. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Permafrost Degradation
Archimedes' Principle
Sea-Ice Albedo
Infrared radiation
16. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Sunspots
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Through talik
Where rise in OC is greatest
17. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Mass Budget
Heat Source and Pressure
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
18. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
75-OC
Ozone Hole
Layers of Earth
Grounding v Surface Melting
19. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Precipitation and High Latitudes
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Permafrost
20. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Warm
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Sublimation
Ice shelf
21. Where does the ozone protect us?
Sunspots
Sea Ice
In the stratosphere.
Heat Source and Pressure
22. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Agricultural Drought
Albedo
Affect Floods and Droughts
23. The Earth emits this.
Infrared radiation
How talik forms under lakes
Longwave Radiation
Grounding Lines
24. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Increases - decreases
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Precipitation and High Latitudes
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
25. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice in the Arctic
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
26. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Wetter; drier
Ice Sheets
Surface Mass Balance
70%
27. More common
Ice Cap
Inversion Layer Winter
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ozone Hole
28. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Talik
Antarctica
Where rise in OC is greatest
Greenhouse Gases
29. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Ice Shelf
Through talik
7%
Inversion Layer Summer
30. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
How talik forms under lakes
Thermohaline Circulation
Mass Balance
31. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Albedo
Altimetry Pros
32. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Inversion Layer Winter
45%
30%
Melt
33. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Altimetry (height)
Surface Mass Balance
Dry
34. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
25%
Altimetry Pros
Accumulation
35. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Accumulation
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ice Shelf
36. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Active Layer
20%
Ice Sheets
37. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How to define a heatwave
How we measure Mass Balance
Absolute thresholds
Threshold departures
38. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Calving
.75OC/km-1
Types of Albedo
Affect Floods and Droughts
39. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ocean water
Increases - decreases
Threshold departures
Ice in the Arctic
40. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
30%
Troposphere
Negative
All Greenhouse gases
41. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Very small portion
Ice Shelf
Warming; cooling
42. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
winter
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
43. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Altimetry (height)
Thermokarst
Energy Budget
Ice-Ocean Interactions
44. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Global warming and hot nights?
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer Winter
45. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Thermohaline Circulation
Grounding v Surface Melting
Climate Change in the Arctic
46. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
How talik forms under lakes
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Rainy
47. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Surface Mass Balance
70%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
48. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Altimetry (height)
Thinner atmosphere
49. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Air pollution
Sea Ice
Longwave Radiation
Ice Discharge
50. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Ocean water
Thermokarst
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Affect Floods and Droughts