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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Warm
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice/snow
Today melting ice
2. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Warm
How talik forms under lakes
The Ozone Hole
3. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
In the stratosphere.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
45%
Through talik
4. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Meteorological Drought
Surface Mass Balance
5. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Altimetry
Ice shelf
30%
Thermokarst Lake
6. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Thinner atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
Heat Source and Pressure
Frozen Soil
7. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
50%
La Nia
Meteorological Drought
Troposphere
8. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Surface Mass Balance
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
9. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Global warming and hot nights?
Altimetry Cons
Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
10. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Mass Balance
Ice shelf
Atmospheric Structure
Arctic Atmosphere
11. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Strong
.75OC/km-1
IPCC
All Greenhouse gases
12. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Wetter; drier
Thermokarst
Sea-Ice Albedo
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
13. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
30%
Open talik
Permafrost
.7O Celsius over the past century.
14. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Mass Change
Heat Source and Pressure
The Ozone Hole
15. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
How a closed talik forms
.75OC/km-1
Ice Shelf
16. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Talik
Altimetry (height)
Ice Shelf
17. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Altimetry Cons
El Nino
All Greenhouse gases
GHG
18. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Meteorological Drought
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Altimetry (height)
19. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Open talik
Hydrological Drought
How to define a heatwave
Ice Shelf
20. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Permafrost Degradation
Heat wave
Severe coastal erosion
In the troposphere that we live in.
21. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Hydrological Drought
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice in the Arctic
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
22. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
25%
Atmospheric Composition?
Sunspots
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
23. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Atmospheric Composition
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Sea-Ice Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
24. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
1 m/yr; 10x
Active Layer
Time Variable Gravity
Threshold departures
25. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Energy Budget
Open talik
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Altimetry Cons
26. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Ice Motion
Monthly maximums and minimums
Where rise in OC is greatest
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
27. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Greenhouse Gases
Permafrost
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
28. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
30%
Open talik
Ice-Albedo
29. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
How a closed talik forms
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Today melting ice
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
30. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
Sea Ice
Layers of Earth
Positive feedbacks both found in...
31. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Thinner atmosphere
Ice loss
Monthly maximums and minimums
Questions to think about
32. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Through talik
Negative
GHG
Discontinuous
33. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Greenland
Ozone Hole
Open talik
Mass Change
34. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
GHG
Permafrost
Strong
Ice Motion
35. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Atmospheric Circulation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
36. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Earth's tilt
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Climate Change in the Arctic
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
37. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Surface Mass Balance
Infrared radiation
Atmospheric Composition
Troposphere
38. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Atmospheric Composition?
Warm
Altimetry (height)
39. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Atmospheric Composition
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
40. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
Rainy
Active Layer
Positive
41. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice Sheets
Heat wave
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
42. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Time Variable Gravity
Mass Balance
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Heat Source and Pressure
43. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
30%
Affect Floods and Droughts
44. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
air can warm dramatically
Melt
Dynamic thinning
Sublimation
45. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
30%
Climate Change in the Arctic
Albedo
46. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Active Layer
Air pollution
Infrared radiation
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
47. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Discontinuous
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
winter
All Greenhouse gases
48. Melting Point decreases
Melt
Thermokarst Lake
Altimetry Cons
.75OC/km-1
49. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Grounding Lines
How a closed talik forms
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
50. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
What effects the density
Earth's tilt
Methane