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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice-Albedo
Active Layer
Layers of Earth
2. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Antarctica
Ice in the Arctic
Sublimation
3. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Atmospheric Circulation
Stronger
Positive
Dynamic thinning
4. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Warm
Global warming and hot nights?
Climate Change in the Arctic
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
5. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Mass Change
Dynamic thinning
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Monthly maximums and minimums
6. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
What effects the density
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Today melting ice
Atmospheric Structure
7. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Energy Budget
Radiative Flux
Ice shelf
Frozen Soil
8. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Surface Mass Balance
30%
Ozone Hole
Longwave Radiation
9. High vs low
Global warming and hot nights?
IPCC
Cloud Feedbacks
Energy Budget
10. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Importance of ice sheets
Discontinuous
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
IPCC
11. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Surface Mass Balance
12. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Stronger
Positive
Ice shelf
Methane
13. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
75-OC
summer
Once every 4 years.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
14. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Mass Balance
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice in the Arctic
15. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Surface Mass Balance
All Greenhouse gases
Ice Cap
Thermokarst
16. Less frequent and weaker
Ocean water
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Inversion Layer Summer
Radiative Flux
17. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Albedo
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Threshold departures
doubles
18. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Closed talik
1 m/yr; 10x
Archimedes' Principle
Depth v Surface
19. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Melt
Atmospheric Composition?
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
20. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Open talik
Inversion Layer Summer
Thermohaline Circulatoin
21. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Accumulation
What effects the density
22. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Infrared radiation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
How to define a heatwave
Absolute thresholds
23. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Melt
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
24. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Today melting ice
Closed talik
Infrared radiation
Agricultural Drought
25. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Ozone
Infrared radiation
Calving
Very small portion
26. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Grounding Lines
What effects the density
Altimetry
27. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
How talik forms under lakes
Ice Sheets
summer
7%
28. 240 w/m squared
Ice/snow
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Albedo
air can warm dramatically
29. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
Mass Budget
Depth v Surface
30. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Atmospheric Composition?
Threshold departures
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
31. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Open talik
Questions to think about
Heat wave
Surface Mass Balance
32. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Antarctica
Greenland
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
33. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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34. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Sunspots
Heat wave
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Where rise in OC is greatest
35. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Agricultural Drought
Infrared radiation
Thinner atmosphere
Negative
36. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ocean water
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ozone Hole
Thinner atmosphere
37. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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38. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Absolute thresholds
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Frozen Soil
39. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Dry
Active Layer
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Thermohaline Circulation
40. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
45%
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Grounding Lines
Ice absorbs
41. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Altimetry
Ice-Albedo
Active Layer
42. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Surface Mass Balance
Discontinuous
Greenhouse Gases
How a closed talik forms
43. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Ice Motion
Albedo
Archimedes' Principle
El Nio is in the coasts of...
44. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone
GHG
Ozone Hole
Radiative Flux
45. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Where rise in OC is greatest
Atmospheric Composition?
Greenland
46. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
Warming; cooling
Energy Budget
25%
47. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
The cryosphere
Ice Shelf
Altimetry Cons
Melt
48. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Calving
49. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Sea Ice
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Discontinuous
Permafrost
50. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Heat wave
Dry
Where rise in OC is greatest
Wetter; drier