Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air






2. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






3. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






4. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.






5. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.






6. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






7. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






8. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.






9. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.






10. Melting Point decreases






11. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






12. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.






13. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






14. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






15. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






16. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






17. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.






18. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






19. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






20. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






21. Cooler water and drought conditions.






22. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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23. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






24. Total absorbed solar radiation






25. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.






26. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






27. Measures input and output.






28. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






29. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






30. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






31. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






32. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






33. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






34. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.






35. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






36. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






37. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






38. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






39. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






40. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






41. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






42. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






43. How often does El Nio occur?






44. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






45. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






46. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






47. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






48. High vs low






49. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.






50. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC







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