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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Cloud Feedbacks
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Dry
2. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Surface Mass Balance
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice loss
3. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
The cryosphere
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Antarctica
Surface Mass Balance
4. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Very small portion
Altimetry Cons
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Global warming and hot nights?
5. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Antarctica
Atmospheric Circulation
Thermokarst
Atmospheric Composition
6. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Layers of Earth
Global warming and hot nights?
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ice shelf
7. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Ice Discharge
Strong
Methane
.75OC/km-1
8. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Positive
Thermokarst
Ice in the Arctic
Albedo
9. The Earth emits this.
How we measure Mass Balance
Positive feedbacks both found in...
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Longwave Radiation
10. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Percentile departures
Why the Arctic climate is special
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulation
11. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Thermohaline Circulation
Grounding Lines
70%
Heat Source and Pressure
12. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Infrared radiation
Altimetry (height)
13. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Sea-Ice Albedo
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Cloud Feedbacks
14. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Ice-Ocean Interactions
More rain means no drought
70%
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
15. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Surface Mass Balance
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
16. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Calving
Stronger
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ocean water
17. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Warm
Positive
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
18. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Accumulation
19. How much is the planet really warming?
Grounding Lines
Inversion Layer Summer
Where rise in OC is greatest
.7O Celsius over the past century.
20. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Calving
Hydrological Drought
Sunspots
21. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Longwave Radiation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Warming; cooling
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
22. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
23. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Altimetry
Ocean water
All Greenhouse gases
Grounding v Surface Melting
24. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
doubles
Mass Balance
What happens with the Ozone Hole
25. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
La Nia
Stronger
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice Discharge
26. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ozone Hole
Ozone Hole
Thermokarst
Ice Sheets
27. How often does El Nio occur?
Thermokarst
Once every 4 years.
The Ozone Hole
Indirect heat wave effect
28. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Melt
The Ozone Hole
Increases - decreases
Albedos of Snow and Ice
29. 240 w/m squared
Stronger
Thermokarst
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
winter
30. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Meteorological Drought
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
50%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
31. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Greenhouse Gases
The Ozone Hole
32. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ice-Ocean Interactions
33. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Altimetry (height)
Surface Mass Balance
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
34. Where does the ozone protect us?
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
In the stratosphere.
Open talik
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
35. 85%
Albedo
GHG
50%
Sea-Ice Albedo
36. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Permafrost Degradation
Shortwave Length
Affect Floods and Droughts
Positive
37. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Permafrost
Grounding Lines
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Albedo
38. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Energy Budget
Active Layer
El Nino
39. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Melt
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
40. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Sea Ice
Ozone Hole
Troposphere
Ice absorbs
41. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
doubles
Arctic Atmosphere
Importance of ice sheets
Altimetry (height)
42. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Inversion Layer (feedback)
GHG
The Ozone Hole
More rain means no drought
43. Less frequent and weaker
Infrared radiation
Inversion Layer Summer
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Sea Ice
44. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Severe coastal erosion
Antarctica
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
How talik forms under lakes
45. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Climate Change in the Arctic
doubles
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
air can warm dramatically
46. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
How talik forms under lakes
Carbon Dioxide
47. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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48. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Grounding Lines
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
49. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Ice-Albedo
Shortwave Length
Percentile departures
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
50. Measures input and output.
The cryosphere
Hydrological Drought
Permafrost Degradation
Mass Budget