Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






2. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






3. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






4. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






5. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






6. Really measures volume.






7. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






8. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






9. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






10. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






11. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






12. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.






13. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






14. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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15. Melting Point decreases






16. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






17. 85%






18. Ocean retains ____ CO2






19. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






20. Measures input and output.






21. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.






22. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure






23. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






24. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






25. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.






26. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






27. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






28. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






29. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.






30. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






31. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






32. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






33. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






34. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






35. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere






36. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






37. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






38. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.






39. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






40. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






41. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.






42. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






43. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






44. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2






45. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






46. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






47. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.






48. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






49. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






50. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US







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