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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Wetter; drier
Dry
1 m/yr; 10x
Negative
2. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Talik
Heat wave
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
summer
3. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Discontinuous
Heat Source and Pressure
Thermokarst
Inversion Layer (feedback)
4. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Atmospheric Composition?
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Thermokarst Lake
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
5. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Ice loss
Frozen Soil
Atmospheric Composition
What happens with the Ozone Hole
6. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Wetter; drier
Stronger
IPCC
How to define a heatwave
7. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Methane
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
summer
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
8. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Carbon Dioxide
20%
Sublimation
9. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Albedo
Negative
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
10. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Permafrost
Arctic Atmosphere
Atmospheric Composition
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
11. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Severe coastal erosion
Stronger
Sublimation
12. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Wetter; drier
Monthly maximums and minimums
1 m/yr; 10x
Warm
13. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Sea Ice
Importance of ice sheets
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
14. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Melt
Carbon Dioxide
Rainy
15. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Positive
Antarctica
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Active Layer
16. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Thermokarst
What effects the density
Earth's tilt
Longwave Radiation
17. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ice in the Arctic
Importance of ice sheets
Radiative Flux
18. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Depth v Surface
19. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Ice Motion
Stronger
Reduction in sea-ice extent
How a closed talik forms
20. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Frozen Soil
reduction in sea-ice
Time Variable Gravity
Ice Cap
21. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Heat wave
Permafrost Degradation
Ice Cap
22. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Percentile departures
Grounding v Surface Melting
23. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Sublimation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Once every 4 years.
24. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Ice-Albedo
Negative
Affect Floods and Droughts
25. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Methane
La Nia
Altimetry (height)
Albedos of Snow and Ice
26. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Altimetry Cons
Layers of Earth
Ocean water
27. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Antarctica
Absolute thresholds
Increases - decreases
Talik
28. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Energy Budget
Troposphere
25%
Indirect heat wave effect
29. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Antarctica
Reduction in sea-ice extent
30. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice-Ocean Interactions
What effects the density
Antarctica
31. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Atmospheric Composition?
Sublimation
Questions to think about
32. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
El Nio is in the coasts of...
summer
Thermokarst Lake
Surface Mass Balance
33. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Air pollution
20%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
34. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Altimetry
Surface Mass Balance
In the troposphere that we live in.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
35. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Questions to think about
45%
Ozone
36. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
In the stratosphere.
Heat Source and Pressure
Surface Mass Balance
Agricultural Drought
37. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sea Ice
Methane
Normal condition for air
38. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Melt
Active Layer
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice Motion
39. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Ozone Hole
IPCC
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
40. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Very small portion
25%
Surface Mass Balance
7%
41. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Through talik
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
42. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Energy Budget
Reduction in sea-ice extent
43. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Affect Floods and Droughts
Methane
Ice Shelf
44. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
More rain means no drought
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
45. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Albedo
Normal condition for air
.75OC/km-1
46. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Time Variable Gravity
Albedo
Sunspots
47. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
45%
Importance of ice sheets
Climate Change in the Arctic
Melt
48. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Depth v Surface
Natural Causes of Warming
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
49. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
El Nio is in the coasts of...
The Ozone Hole
Permafrost
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
50. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Carbon Dioxide
Open talik
Where rise in OC is greatest
Sorry!:) No result found.
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