Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






2. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount






3. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic






4. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






5. Total absorbed solar radiation






6. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






7. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.






8. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.






9. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation






10. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






11. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?






12. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






13. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






14. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






15. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






16. More common






17. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






18. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air






19. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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20. Where does the ozone protect us?






21. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






22. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






23. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






24. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






25. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






26. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






27. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






28. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor






29. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?






30. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






31. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






32. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






33. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






34. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






35. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






36. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






37. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






38. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






39. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.






40. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






41. How often does El Nio occur?






42. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






43. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






44. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






45. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.






46. Cooler water and drought conditions.






47. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2






48. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






49. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






50. High vs low