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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Permafrost
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
GHG
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
2. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
Grounding Lines
Atmospheric Composition?
Frozen Soil
3. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Altimetry Pros
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Thermokarst
4. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Greenhouse Gases
Normal condition for air
Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
5. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Ice Discharge
Sublimation
Mass Change
.75OC/km-1
6. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Permafrost Degradation
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Percentile departures
Today melting ice
7. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Radiative Forcing
El Nino
Ozone Hole
Agricultural Drought
8. More common
In the troposphere that we live in.
El Nino
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer Winter
9. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
How talik forms under lakes
Warm
What effects the density
Antarctica
10. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Importance of ice sheets
50%
Ice Shelf
11. Measures input and output.
Mass Budget
Depth v Surface
Heat wave
How we measure Mass Balance
12. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Altimetry (height)
Talik
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
13. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Negative
Ozone Hole
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
GHG
14. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Antarctica
% of Greenhouse Gases
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
15. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Warming; cooling
Ice Sheets
16. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Thermokarst
Ice absorbs
Threshold departures
Methane
17. How much is the planet really warming?
Ice-Albedo
7%
.7O Celsius over the past century.
The cryosphere
18. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Threshold departures
Earth's tilt
Ice Discharge
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
19. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
Air pollution
% of Greenhouse Gases
20. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
IPCC
Active Layer
Mass Change
How we measure Mass Balance
21. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Discontinuous
Strong
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Altimetry Pros
22. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Time Variable Gravity
All Greenhouse gases
Albedo
23. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Wetter; drier
How a closed talik forms
Affect Floods and Droughts
20%
24. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Time Variable Gravity
Stronger
Severe coastal erosion
Accumulation
25. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
The cryosphere
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Earth's tilt
Antarctica
26. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thinner atmosphere
27. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Strong
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How to define a heatwave
Frozen Soil
28. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
More rain means no drought
In the stratosphere.
Ocean water
Cloud Feedbacks
29. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
% of Greenhouse Gases
Archimedes' Principle
Why the Arctic climate is special
50%
30. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
All Greenhouse gases
summer
How talik forms under lakes
doubles
31. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Permafrost Degradation
Grounding v Surface Melting
IPCC
In the troposphere that we live in.
32. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Indirect heat wave effect
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
33. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
air can warm dramatically
Atmospheric Composition
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Open talik
34. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Warming; cooling
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice Cap
Ice Discharge
35. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Methane
Normal condition for air
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Arctic Atmosphere
36. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Absolute thresholds
How a closed talik forms
Ice Sheets
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
37. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
How a closed talik forms
Mass Budget
38. Melting Point decreases
Atmospheric Structure
Meteorological Drought
Black Carbon
.75OC/km-1
39. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
How we measure Mass Balance
Altimetry Cons
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Shortwave Length
40. Total absorbed solar radiation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
US and precipitation
Heat Source and Pressure
70%
41. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Thermokarst Lake
Layers of Earth
42. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Closed talik
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
43. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
How to define a heatwave
44. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Ozone Hole
7%
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
45. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
US and precipitation
Global warming and hot nights?
All Greenhouse gases
Ice/snow
46. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Ozone Hole
Positive
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
In the stratosphere.
47. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Active Layer
20%
48. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Inversion Layer Winter
Depth v Surface
Rainy
Strong
49. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Warming; cooling
50. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Sea Ice
Depth v Surface