Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






2. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






3. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






4. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






5. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






6. Melting Point decreases






7. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






8. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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9. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






10. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure






11. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






12. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






13. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






14. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.






15. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






16. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.






17. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.






18. The Earth emits this.






19. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought






20. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






21. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






22. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






23. High vs low






24. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






25. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






26. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






27. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






28. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






29. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






30. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






31. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






32. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






33. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






34. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






35. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






36. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






37. Measures input and output.






38. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






39. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






40. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






41. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






42. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






43. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






44. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






45. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






46. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






47. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.






48. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






49. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






50. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface