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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Accumulation
Strong
Altimetry (height)
2. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Methane
Rainy
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Atmospheric Circulation
3. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
All Greenhouse gases
Absolute thresholds
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Depth v Surface
4. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Infrared radiation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
5. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Thermokarst
Sunspots
Ice in the Arctic
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
6. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Permafrost
50%
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Accumulation
7. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
Thinner atmosphere
20%
Layers of Earth
8. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
summer
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
El Nino
9. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
45%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
How a closed talik forms
10. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Air pollution
Shortwave Length
Ice Motion
11. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
GHG
air can warm dramatically
Monthly maximums and minimums
Discontinuous
12. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Mass Change
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Absolute thresholds
13. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
Discontinuous
% of Greenhouse Gases
Today melting ice
14. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
winter
GHG
Rainy
15. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
How we measure Mass Balance
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
16. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Thermokarst
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Global warming and hot nights?
17. High vs low
Agricultural Drought
How talik forms under lakes
Ice Sheets
Cloud Feedbacks
18. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
More rain means no drought
Melt
Percentile departures
Thermokarst Lake
19. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Layers of Earth
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice Shelf
20. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Inversion Layer Winter
Troposphere
Ice Sheets
Reduction in sea-ice extent
21. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Grounding Lines
In the stratosphere.
reduction in sea-ice
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
22. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
In the stratosphere.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
El Nino
Normal condition for air
23. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
75-OC
Ice shelf
Energy Budget
24. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Greenland
Sunspots
Meteorological Drought
25. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Ice Discharge
Altimetry (height)
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Absolute thresholds
26. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Calving
What happens with the Ozone Hole
GHG
Time Variable Gravity
27. Really measures volume.
Ice absorbs
Altimetry
Hydrological Drought
Heat wave
28. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ice loss
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
29. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Atmospheric Structure
Surface Mass Balance
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Time Variable Gravity
30. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Inversion Layer Winter
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Discharge
Surface Mass Balance
31. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Grounding Lines
32. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
doubles
The Ozone Hole
Surface Mass Balance
33. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Greenland
.75OC/km-1
Grounding v Surface Melting
34. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Atmospheric Composition?
Ice Cap
7%
Mass Balance
35. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Stronger
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice in the Arctic
Frozen Soil
36. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
.75OC/km-1
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Dry
Infrared radiation
37. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Ice in the Arctic
Greenhouse Gases
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
What happens with the Ozone Hole
38. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Threshold departures
75-OC
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Altimetry Pros
39. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Meteorological Drought
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Open talik
40. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
45%
Percentile departures
Radiative Forcing
41. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Sublimation
Grounding Lines
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ozone Hole
42. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Ice shelf
reduction in sea-ice
Albedo
All Greenhouse gases
43. Less frequent and weaker
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
IPCC
Inversion Layer Summer
.7O Celsius over the past century.
44. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Percentile departures
El Nino
Shortwave Length
Through talik
45. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice-Ocean Interactions
75-OC
46. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Antarctica
Radiative Forcing
Affect Floods and Droughts
Positive
47. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Greenland
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Active Layer
75-OC
48. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Atmospheric Circulation
Indirect heat wave effect
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Questions to think about
49. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Ice absorbs
US and precipitation
Methane
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
50. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Mass Balance
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Types of Albedo