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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Ocean water
GHG
7%
50%
2. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Radiative Flux
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice Shelf
Meteorological Drought
3. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Ice Sheets
Climate Change in the Arctic
Atmospheric Composition?
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
4. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thermokarst
Grounding v Surface Melting
Permafrost
5. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice Shelf
Mass Change
Dry
6. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Thermokarst
reduction in sea-ice
El Nino
La Nia
7. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Radiative Flux
What effects the density
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice Sheets
8. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Atmospheric Structure
Agricultural Drought
Warming; cooling
Surface Mass Balance
9. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Active Layer
Sea Ice
Atmospheric Structure
10. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Agricultural Drought
All Greenhouse gases
Warming; cooling
Strong
11. Less frequent and weaker
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Agricultural Drought
Climate Change in the Arctic
Inversion Layer Summer
12. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Ice-Albedo
Discontinuous
reduction in sea-ice
13. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Positive feedbacks both found in...
All Greenhouse gases
Active Layer
14. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
summer
Agricultural Drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
30%
15. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
25%
Altimetry Cons
summer
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
16. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice absorbs
Absolute thresholds
Troposphere
17. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
7%
Layers of Earth
Heat wave
18. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
1 m/yr; 10x
US and precipitation
Radiative Forcing
In the troposphere that we live in.
19. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
20%
Closed talik
Natural Causes of Warming
Stronger
20. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Active Layer
Severe coastal erosion
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
21. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice in the Arctic
Ice Cap
Wetter; drier
Antarctica
22. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Closed talik
Layers of Earth
Altimetry Pros
Dry
23. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Ice loss
Thermohaline Circulation
air can warm dramatically
summer
24. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Ozone
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Strong
doubles
25. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Greenland
Questions to think about
Positive
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
26. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Ice/snow
How we measure Mass Balance
Why the Arctic climate is special
Positive
27. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Affect Floods and Droughts
.7O Celsius over the past century.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Importance of ice sheets
28. Total absorbed solar radiation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ocean water
Accumulation
70%
29. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
El Nino
Atmospheric Structure
Earth's tilt
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
30. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Questions to think about
Infrared radiation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
31. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
doubles
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atmospheric Composition?
summer
32. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Today melting ice
Ice loss
.75OC/km-1
33. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Permafrost
Ice Motion
34. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Permafrost
Archimedes' Principle
US and precipitation
35. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Surface Mass Balance
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice loss
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
36. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Active Layer
Black Carbon
Longwave Radiation
7%
37. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Troposphere
Methane
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
38. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Active Layer
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
39. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Where rise in OC is greatest
Altimetry
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
40. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
Discontinuous
La Nia
41. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Inversion Layer Winter
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Surface Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
42. 240 w/m squared
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
El Nio is in the coasts of...
In the troposphere that we live in.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
43. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Severe coastal erosion
Strong
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
44. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Talik
El Nino
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
45. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Thermokarst Lake
Ice absorbs
Global warming and hot nights?
Inversion Layer (feedback)
46. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulatoin
What happens with the Ozone Hole
47. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
7%
Percentile departures
Affect Floods and Droughts
45%
48. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Through talik
Ice Discharge
Discontinuous
Energy Budget
49. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
How to define a heatwave
Ozone Hole
The cryosphere
50. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Frozen Soil
Ice absorbs
Questions to think about
All Greenhouse gases