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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
How we measure Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
45%
2. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Active Layer
Once every 4 years.
US and precipitation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
3. Where does the ozone protect us?
Atmospheric Composition?
Global warming and hot nights?
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
In the stratosphere.
4. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Agricultural Drought
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
5. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Longwave Radiation
Radiative Forcing
Methane
6. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Surface Mass Balance
Wetter; drier
7. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
Ice Cap
How to define a heatwave
70%
8. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Questions to think about
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Atmospheric Structure
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
9. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Methane
Increases - decreases
Stronger
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
10. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
IPCC
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Calving
11. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Severe coastal erosion
Sublimation
Surface Mass Balance
12. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Calving
Indirect heat wave effect
Archimedes' Principle
Warming; cooling
13. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Active Layer
Altimetry Pros
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Atmospheric Structure
14. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Altimetry (height)
Ice/snow
Accumulation
Thermokarst
15. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Atmospheric Composition?
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Agricultural Drought
16. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
70%
IPCC
Heat wave
Energy Budget
17. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Inversion Layer Winter
air can warm dramatically
Surface Mass Balance
Thermokarst Lake
18. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Dynamic thinning
Stronger
Thermohaline Circulation
19. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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20. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Percentile departures
Black Carbon
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
21. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
45%
Ice in the Arctic
Energy Budget
22. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Radiative Flux
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Negative
The Ozone Hole
23. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Ice loss
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
More rain means no drought
24. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
reduction in sea-ice
Black Carbon
Altimetry (height)
25. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Archimedes' Principle
Radiative Flux
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
% of Greenhouse Gases
26. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Ice Discharge
Ice Motion
How talik forms under lakes
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
27. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Thermohaline Circulation
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice-Albedo
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
28. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
7%
How a closed talik forms
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Air pollution
29. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Sublimation
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ozone Hole
Talik
30. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Calving
reduction in sea-ice
Thermokarst
Active Layer
31. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Methane
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
The cryosphere
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
32. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Archimedes' Principle
Carbon Dioxide
30%
33. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Dynamic thinning
Positive feedbacks both found in...
34. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Agricultural Drought
Ice Sheets
30%
35. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Radiative Forcing
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Mass Change
36. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
.7O Celsius over the past century.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Atmospheric Composition
37. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Talik
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Shortwave Length
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
38. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Greenhouse Gases
Thermokarst
Cloud Feedbacks
39. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
1 m/yr; 10x
Percentile departures
Types of Albedo
Once every 4 years.
40. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Monthly maximums and minimums
How a closed talik forms
Ice Shelf
Ice loss
41. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Meteorological Drought
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Troposphere
Active Layer
42. 240 w/m squared
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Rainy
43. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice Sheets
How talik forms under lakes
Ice in the Arctic
44. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Indirect heat wave effect
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
How talik forms under lakes
45. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Ice Motion
Open talik
Atmospheric Circulation
Heat Source and Pressure
46. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
More rain means no drought
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Sea Ice
Surface Mass Balance
47. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Ocean water
Sublimation
Energy Budget
Global warming and hot nights?
48. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Shortwave Length
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Negative
49. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Sea-Ice Albedo
Earth's tilt
Thermohaline Circulation
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
50. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Today melting ice
Active Layer
Rainy
Negative