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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Air pollution
Types of Albedo
Indirect heat wave effect
2. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Absolute thresholds
La Nia
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Heat Source and Pressure
3. Less frequent and weaker
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sea Ice
Inversion Layer Summer
Surface Mass Balance
4. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Increases - decreases
Percentile departures
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Positive
5. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Wetter; drier
Grounding v Surface Melting
Altimetry
6. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
IPCC
Natural Causes of Warming
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
25%
7. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Once every 4 years.
Antarctica
Ice/snow
8. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Discontinuous
Negative
9. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Ozone
Energy Budget
Ice in the Arctic
Thinner atmosphere
10. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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11. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Ozone Hole
Strong
Questions to think about
12. Melting Point decreases
Ice absorbs
Atmospheric Circulation
.75OC/km-1
Wetter; drier
13. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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14. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
75-OC
Ice in the Arctic
Earth's tilt
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
15. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
More rain means no drought
Surface Mass Balance
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Altimetry Cons
16. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Why the Arctic climate is special
1 m/yr; 10x
Percentile departures
17. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
How talik forms under lakes
Agricultural Drought
What happens with the Ozone Hole
La Nia
18. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Antarctica
winter
Air pollution
Melt
19. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
50%
Positive
30%
20. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Permafrost Degradation
More rain means no drought
Ice shelf
Atmospheric Circulation
21. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ocean water
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Surface Mass Balance
Greenhouse Gases
22. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Ice-Albedo
Albedos of Snow and Ice
reduction in sea-ice
Precipitation and High Latitudes
23. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Atmospheric Circulation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
75-OC
Ocean water
24. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Layers of Earth
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Greenhouse Gases
Atmospheric Structure
25. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Sea Ice
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Carbon Dioxide
26. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Atmospheric Circulation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
27. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Altimetry Cons
28. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
Archimedes' Principle
winter
Black Carbon
29. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Archimedes' Principle
Antarctica
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Positive feedbacks both found in...
30. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Altimetry
Atmospheric Structure
Sea-Ice Albedo
Absolute thresholds
31. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Radiative Flux
Grounding v Surface Melting
Surface Mass Balance
Stronger
32. Total absorbed solar radiation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Inversion Layer Summer
70%
Sunspots
33. The Earth emits this.
All Greenhouse gases
Longwave Radiation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
What effects the density
34. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How to define a heatwave
Permafrost
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice loss
35. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Questions to think about
Dry
Altimetry Cons
What effects the density
36. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Increases - decreases
Grounding Lines
Closed talik
Melt
37. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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38. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Warming; cooling
Rainy
Climate Change in the Arctic
Infrared radiation
39. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
summer
Wetter; drier
Ice-Albedo
Greenhouse Gases
40. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Types of Albedo
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Altimetry (height)
41. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Ice Motion
Arctic Atmosphere
Sunspots
All Greenhouse gases
42. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst Lake
Ice-Ocean Interactions
43. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Permafrost Degradation
Grounding Lines
44. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ice/snow
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
45. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
20%
Frozen Soil
Permafrost Degradation
Inversion Layer Winter
46. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
50%
Rainy
winter
47. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
.75OC/km-1
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ocean water
48. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Importance of ice sheets
Antarctica
Greenland
49. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Altimetry Pros
Permafrost
Affect Floods and Droughts
What effects the density
50. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
reduction in sea-ice
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
The Ozone Hole
Altimetry
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