Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets






2. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






3. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






4. The amount of light reflected by an object.






5. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






6. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






7. More common






8. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






9. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






10. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.






11. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans






12. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.






13. Amount of light absorbed by surface






14. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






15. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






16. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






17. Ocean retains ____ CO2






18. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






19. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






20. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






21. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount






22. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






23. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






24. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






25. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






26. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)






27. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






28. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.






29. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






30. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






31. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






32. Cooler water and drought conditions.






33. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






34. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






35. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






36. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.






37. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.






38. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






39. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.






40. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






41. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






42. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






43. Where does the ozone protect us?






44. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






45. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






46. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






47. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.






48. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






49. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






50. The Earth emits this.







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