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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
What effects the density
Ice absorbs
Longwave Radiation
In the troposphere that we live in.
2. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice shelf
Open talik
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
3. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Ozone
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Radiative Flux
El Nio is in the coasts of...
4. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Positive
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Active Layer
5. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Greenland
Questions to think about
Methane
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
6. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Questions to think about
45%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
7. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Increases - decreases
Thermokarst Lake
Ice Shelf
8. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
La Nia
Stronger
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
9. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Hydrological Drought
Melt
Ice Discharge
10. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
Black Carbon
Troposphere
Thermokarst
11. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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12. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Ice Cap
Today melting ice
How talik forms under lakes
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
13. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Agricultural Drought
Antarctica
El Nino
14. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Natural Causes of Warming
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thinner atmosphere
How to define a heatwave
15. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Where rise in OC is greatest
How we measure Mass Balance
Thermokarst
Antarctica
16. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ocean water
Ice-Albedo
doubles
Permafrost
17. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Positive
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Radiative Forcing
18. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
The cryosphere
reduction in sea-ice
Altimetry Cons
19. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
In the stratosphere.
How a closed talik forms
Hydrological Drought
Ice/snow
20. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Black Carbon
.7O Celsius over the past century.
summer
Atmospheric Composition?
21. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ocean water
Increases - decreases
22. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Mass Balance
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
23. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Threshold departures
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ozone Hole
Depth v Surface
24. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Active Layer
Where rise in OC is greatest
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
25. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Surface Mass Balance
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
26. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Cap
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
27. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Air pollution
Antarctica
28. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Percentile departures
Absolute thresholds
Atmospheric Composition?
29. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
30%
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Meteorological Drought
30. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
How a closed talik forms
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How to define a heatwave
31. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Methane
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Grounding Lines
What happens with the Ozone Hole
32. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Cap
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Earth's tilt
33. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Today melting ice
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
70%
How a closed talik forms
34. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Layers of Earth
Strong
Infrared radiation
Permafrost
35. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Altimetry (height)
The Ozone Hole
Altimetry
Heat Source and Pressure
36. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Through talik
Frozen Soil
Thermohaline Circulatoin
7%
37. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Atmospheric Circulation
Agricultural Drought
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
38. How often does El Nio occur?
How to define a heatwave
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Once every 4 years.
How we measure Mass Balance
39. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Questions to think about
Antarctica
Methane
Sunspots
40. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Methane
Greenland
.7O Celsius over the past century.
41. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Black Carbon
30%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
42. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Black Carbon
Altimetry (height)
Thermokarst
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
43. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
Dry
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Percentile departures
44. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
How talik forms under lakes
Permafrost
45. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Affect Floods and Droughts
The Ozone Hole
Increases - decreases
Air pollution
46. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Why the Arctic climate is special
Mass Balance
Antarctica
Permafrost Degradation
47. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
How we measure Mass Balance
Sublimation
Discontinuous
Infrared radiation
48. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer Summer
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ocean water
49. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Absolute thresholds
Global warming and hot nights?
Black Carbon
50. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Ice Sheets
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
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