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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Really measures volume.
Atmospheric Composition?
Altimetry
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Permafrost
2. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Air pollution
Indirect heat wave effect
doubles
7%
3. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
4. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
.75OC/km-1
Longwave Radiation
7%
5. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
30%
summer
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Atmospheric Circulation
6. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Precipitation and High Latitudes
.75OC/km-1
US and precipitation
7. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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8. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice-Albedo
Open talik
Affect Floods and Droughts
9. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Ice Motion
30%
The cryosphere
Increases - decreases
10. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
In the troposphere that we live in.
doubles
Troposphere
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
11. 240 w/m squared
Strong
Air pollution
70%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
12. Less frequent and weaker
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Inversion Layer Summer
Dry
Mass Change
13. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
Methane
Cloud Feedbacks
doubles
14. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Ozone Hole
Heat wave
45%
30%
15. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Atmospheric Composition
Global warming and hot nights?
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
16. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
30%
Black Carbon
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Atmospheric Composition?
17. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Very small portion
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Antarctica
Normal condition for air
18. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Carbon Dioxide
Arctic Atmosphere
Accumulation
19. More common
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Talik
Inversion Layer Winter
Today melting ice
20. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Shortwave Length
Closed talik
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
21. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
IPCC
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Thermokarst
22. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
What effects the density
Ice in the Arctic
GHG
23. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Monthly maximums and minimums
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Depth v Surface
24. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
What effects the density
Through talik
20%
25. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Rainy
Dry
Ice/snow
26. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Ice absorbs
Air pollution
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
What happens with the Ozone Hole
27. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Sea Ice
Natural Causes of Warming
Strong
Calving
28. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice loss
summer
Ice Shelf
Albedo
29. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
In the stratosphere.
Antarctica
doubles
30. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Ice/snow
Dry
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
How we measure Mass Balance
31. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Negative
Monthly maximums and minimums
32. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Ocean water
Ozone Hole
Increases - decreases
Atmospheric Composition
33. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
30%
In the troposphere that we live in.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Open talik
34. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Albedo
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Time Variable Gravity
Grounding Lines
35. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Ice Cap
Heat wave
Types of Albedo
Infrared radiation
36. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Warm
Infrared radiation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
37. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
How a closed talik forms
IPCC
Antarctica
Very small portion
38. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
air can warm dramatically
.75OC/km-1
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
39. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Severe coastal erosion
% of Greenhouse Gases
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
How we measure Mass Balance
40. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Percentile departures
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Albedo
Increases - decreases
41. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ice in the Arctic
How we measure Mass Balance
42. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Open talik
doubles
1 m/yr; 10x
All Greenhouse gases
43. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Natural Causes of Warming
Talik
Strong
All Greenhouse gases
44. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Antarctica
Ocean water
Sea Ice
Shortwave Length
45. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
US and precipitation
How talik forms under lakes
Heat wave
Ice Shelf
46. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Reduction in sea-ice extent
47. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Dynamic thinning
Frozen Soil
Methane
Mass Change
48. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Sea Ice
Grounding Lines
Permafrost
Ice/snow
49. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Very small portion
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone Hole
50. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Inversion Layer Summer
30%
How talik forms under lakes