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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Earth's tilt
Meteorological Drought
El Nio is in the coasts of...
2. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
What happens with the Ozone Hole
70%
Normal condition for air
Sea-Ice Albedo
3. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Atmospheric Composition?
IPCC
30%
Closed talik
4. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice in the Arctic
Atmospheric Circulation
5. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ice Shelf
Inversion Layer Winter
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Sunspots
6. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Heat wave
Methane
7. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Black Carbon
IPCC
Ocean water
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
8. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Threshold departures
Sunspots
Atmospheric Composition?
9. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Active Layer
Sea Ice
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Cap
10. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Discontinuous
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
11. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
How to define a heatwave
Ozone Hole
Surface Mass Balance
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
12. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Troposphere
Indirect heat wave effect
Agricultural Drought
Active Layer
13. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Wetter; drier
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Types of Albedo
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
14. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Questions to think about
Thermokarst
30%
What effects the density
15. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermokarst
Where rise in OC is greatest
Albedos of Snow and Ice
16. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
How a closed talik forms
Global warming and hot nights?
Thermokarst
17. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Agricultural Drought
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Active Layer
18. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Natural Causes of Warming
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice Cap
45%
19. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Very small portion
Dry
What effects the density
Ice-Ocean Interactions
20. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
1 m/yr; 10x
Very small portion
Thermohaline Circulation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
21. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Active Layer
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Mass Change
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
22. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Air pollution
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
7%
23. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Precipitation and High Latitudes
30%
50%
Normal condition for air
24. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
El Nino
Altimetry Pros
Today melting ice
Agricultural Drought
25. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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183
26. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Ice loss
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
27. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Antarctica
Permafrost
Where rise in OC is greatest
.75OC/km-1
28. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice-Albedo
Negative
29. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ice-Albedo
Ozone Hole
Percentile departures
Ice loss
30. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Ice Cap
Through talik
Monthly maximums and minimums
Agricultural Drought
31. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Earth's tilt
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Infrared radiation
30%
32. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Sea-Ice Albedo
Threshold departures
Wetter; drier
33. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Methane
Positive
Sublimation
Mass Budget
34. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Questions to think about
Atmospheric Structure
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Talik
35. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Black Carbon
doubles
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
36. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Agricultural Drought
Archimedes' Principle
Monthly maximums and minimums
37. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
7%
Dry
Closed talik
38. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Sublimation
Black Carbon
Monthly maximums and minimums
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
39. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
The Ozone Hole
Sunspots
Positive
Thermohaline Circulatoin
40. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
In the stratosphere.
Carbon Dioxide
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Warm
41. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Natural Causes of Warming
Through talik
Open talik
Importance of ice sheets
42. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Permafrost
Energy Budget
How talik forms under lakes
43. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Ozone Hole
Severe coastal erosion
% of Greenhouse Gases
Antarctica
44. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
7%
Black Carbon
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice absorbs
45. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Heat Source and Pressure
Archimedes' Principle
Ice Shelf
Thermokarst
46. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
air can warm dramatically
30%
.7O Celsius over the past century.
47. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Arctic Atmosphere
Radiative Flux
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Troposphere
48. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
7%
Climate Change in the Arctic
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
49. How often does El Nio occur?
Ozone Hole
Once every 4 years.
Severe coastal erosion
Stronger
50. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Mass Budget