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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
What effects the density
Arctic Atmosphere
Archimedes' Principle
2. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Negative
Carbon Dioxide
Atmospheric Circulation
3. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Ice Sheets
Ice Cap
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Antarctica
4. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Meteorological Drought
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Warm
5. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Atmospheric Structure
Climate Change in the Arctic
Energy Budget
Mass Change
6. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ice Motion
45%
Ice loss
7. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Atmospheric Structure
Greenhouse Gases
Ice loss
Thinner atmosphere
8. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
US and precipitation
Warm
Archimedes' Principle
9. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Ice Shelf
Strong
Warming; cooling
Methane
10. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Absolute thresholds
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Layers of Earth
Types of Albedo
11. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
70%
Types of Albedo
Thermokarst
Precipitation and High Latitudes
12. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Thermokarst Lake
La Nia
Greenhouse Gases
13. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Time Variable Gravity
Percentile departures
Dynamic thinning
14. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Surface Mass Balance
Severe coastal erosion
La Nia
15. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Wetter; drier
Ice/snow
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Surface Mass Balance
16. Melting Point decreases
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Permafrost
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
.75OC/km-1
17. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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18. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Active Layer
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sea-Ice Albedo
19. The Earth emits this.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Open talik
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Longwave Radiation
20. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Albedo
Ozone Hole
Hydrological Drought
IPCC
21. Really measures volume.
reduction in sea-ice
Permafrost Degradation
Today melting ice
Altimetry
22. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Altimetry (height)
Wetter; drier
What effects the density
Mass Change
23. Total absorbed solar radiation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Permafrost
70%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
24. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Talik
Inversion Layer (feedback)
% of Greenhouse Gases
25. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Ice Motion
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermokarst
26. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
Thermokarst
Atmospheric Circulation
20%
27. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Black Carbon
Warm
Atmospheric Structure
28. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
25%
Sublimation
Types of Albedo
29. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
La Nia
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Once every 4 years.
Dynamic thinning
30. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Thermokarst
Methane
Heat Source and Pressure
31. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Climate Change in the Arctic
La Nia
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
32. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
The Ozone Hole
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Warming; cooling
Albedo
33. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
7%
Thermokarst
30%
20%
34. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Natural Causes of Warming
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Warming; cooling
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
35. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
air can warm dramatically
Ocean water
How we measure Mass Balance
Cloud Feedbacks
36. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Heat wave
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Rainy
All Greenhouse gases
37. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Through talik
reduction in sea-ice
Rainy
Ozone Hole
38. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Time Variable Gravity
Through talik
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Indirect heat wave effect
39. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Atmospheric Composition?
Inversion Layer Winter
Surface Mass Balance
Accumulation
40. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Stronger
US and precipitation
% of Greenhouse Gases
41. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Sea-Ice Albedo
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Inversion Layer (feedback)
42. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Melt
Altimetry
Ice in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
43. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
How a closed talik forms
Calving
Ice Motion
44. More common
Stronger
Ice loss
Inversion Layer Winter
Very small portion
45. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Wetter; drier
Radiative Forcing
Atmospheric Composition?
Mass Balance
46. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Ozone Hole
La Nia
GHG
47. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Today melting ice
Dynamic thinning
48. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Severe coastal erosion
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst Lake
49. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Types of Albedo
All Greenhouse gases
Meteorological Drought
50. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
US and precipitation
Active Layer
Open talik
Ice shelf