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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Atmospheric Composition?
GHG
Inversion Layer (feedback)
7%
2. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Stronger
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Atmospheric Structure
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
3. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Calving
Importance of ice sheets
Increases - decreases
Threshold departures
4. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
1 m/yr; 10x
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Talik
7%
5. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Atmospheric Structure
Wetter; drier
Ice in the Arctic
Energy Budget
6. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Inversion Layer Winter
Albedos of Snow and Ice
7. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Permafrost
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
8. How much is the planet really warming?
All Greenhouse gases
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Talik
doubles
9. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Greenland
What effects the density
25%
Severe coastal erosion
10. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
.75OC/km-1
Ice in the Arctic
reduction in sea-ice
Melt
11. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
How talik forms under lakes
Arctic Atmosphere
Greenhouse Gases
doubles
12. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Thermokarst
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
70%
13. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Sublimation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
How talik forms under lakes
14. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Permafrost Degradation
Natural Causes of Warming
Methane
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
15. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Energy Budget
Surface Mass Balance
Accumulation
16. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sea Ice
doubles
Sublimation
17. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Troposphere
Where rise in OC is greatest
Atmospheric Circulation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
18. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Surface Mass Balance
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Arctic Atmosphere
19. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Talik
1 m/yr; 10x
Ozone Hole
20. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Atmospheric Composition?
IPCC
Methane
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
21. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Permafrost
Thermokarst
Rainy
Grounding v Surface Melting
22. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Calving
The cryosphere
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Infrared radiation
23. Cooler water and drought conditions.
30%
Ice Cap
Negative
La Nia
24. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Greenland
Once every 4 years.
25. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
25%
7%
winter
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
26. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Through talik
How to define a heatwave
Climate Change in the Arctic
Energy Budget
27. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Antarctica
Methane
Thermohaline Circulation
El Nino
28. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
The Ozone Hole
Absolute thresholds
Ice shelf
Talik
29. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Severe coastal erosion
Albedo
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
30. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
70%
Heat Source and Pressure
reduction in sea-ice
25%
31. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Methane
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Positive feedbacks both found in...
US and precipitation
32. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Ice shelf
Discontinuous
.75OC/km-1
Agricultural Drought
33. Permafrost- A frozen soil
How talik forms under lakes
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Frozen Soil
Dynamic thinning
34. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
How to define a heatwave
Layers of Earth
Open talik
35. More common
Albedo
Threshold departures
Inversion Layer Winter
Grounding Lines
36. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Infrared radiation
Dry
30%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
37. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Meteorological Drought
Ice shelf
Inversion Layer Winter
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
38. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Inversion Layer Summer
Depth v Surface
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
39. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Ice Discharge
La Nia
Affect Floods and Droughts
.75OC/km-1
40. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Hydrological Drought
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Once every 4 years.
Ocean water
41. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Ice Discharge
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Active Layer
42. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Where rise in OC is greatest
air can warm dramatically
1 m/yr; 10x
Heat Source and Pressure
43. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Discontinuous
Thermokarst
Severe coastal erosion
44. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Surface Mass Balance
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Black Carbon
45. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Permafrost
Meteorological Drought
Ice in the Arctic
Why the Arctic climate is special
46. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Sea-Ice Albedo
How to define a heatwave
Antarctica
How a closed talik forms
47. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
Energy Budget
Active Layer
48. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
The Ozone Hole
Methane
Warm
Percentile departures
49. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Ozone Hole
Archimedes' Principle
In the stratosphere.
50. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Dry
Threshold departures
Ice Shelf
Questions to think about