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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Calving
Ice Cap
2. The Earth emits this.
Ice-Albedo
Longwave Radiation
Threshold departures
Ocean water
3. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Energy Budget
Agricultural Drought
Calving
Stronger
4. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
How talik forms under lakes
Importance of ice sheets
Infrared radiation
Mass Change
5. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Ice Discharge
Atmospheric Composition?
Sublimation
Carbon Dioxide
6. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Depth v Surface
Hydrological Drought
Rainy
Discontinuous
7. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Discontinuous
.75OC/km-1
Ice Sheets
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
8. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Altimetry Cons
Strong
Global warming and hot nights?
Discontinuous
9. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Percentile departures
Open talik
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
10. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
More rain means no drought
Normal condition for air
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Rainy
11. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Methane
20%
More rain means no drought
Thermokarst Lake
12. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Calving
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Atmospheric Composition?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
13. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Dry
How we measure Mass Balance
7%
Today melting ice
14. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
How to define a heatwave
How a closed talik forms
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
15. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
The Ozone Hole
Depth v Surface
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
16. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Affect Floods and Droughts
% of Greenhouse Gases
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Surface Mass Balance
17. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
summer
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
18. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Questions to think about
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atmospheric Circulation
Time Variable Gravity
19. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice Discharge
45%
20. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Layers of Earth
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Discontinuous
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
21. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Cloud Feedbacks
Accumulation
Black Carbon
22. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
% of Greenhouse Gases
Affect Floods and Droughts
Atmospheric Structure
Dynamic thinning
23. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Ice absorbs
Permafrost
Archimedes' Principle
Reduction in sea-ice extent
24. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice Cap
Grounding Lines
Ice in the Arctic
25. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Strong
The cryosphere
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Thermokarst
26. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Surface Mass Balance
Radiative Flux
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
27. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
How a closed talik forms
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Warm
Percentile departures
28. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
What effects the density
Thermokarst
Hydrological Drought
La Nia
29. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Affect Floods and Droughts
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Thermohaline Circulation
Today melting ice
30. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermokarst
31. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
How a closed talik forms
Indirect heat wave effect
Inversion Layer (feedback)
32. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Negative
Why the Arctic climate is special
In the troposphere that we live in.
50%
33. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Talik
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
The Ozone Hole
34. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Heat wave
35. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Sheets
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sunspots
36. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Agricultural Drought
37. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Antarctica
Surface Mass Balance
summer
20%
38. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
GHG
IPCC
Grounding Lines
Negative
39. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
More rain means no drought
In the troposphere that we live in.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
40. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Ice absorbs
Where rise in OC is greatest
Surface Mass Balance
Ice shelf
41. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Discontinuous
Rainy
Monthly maximums and minimums
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
42. Really measures volume.
Increases - decreases
Altimetry
Ice Sheets
winter
43. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Infrared radiation
Open talik
Arctic Atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
44. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Atmospheric Structure
Air pollution
Severe coastal erosion
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
45. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice Discharge
Surface Mass Balance
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
46. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Permafrost
20%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
47. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Discontinuous
50%
Closed talik
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
48. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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49. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
45%
El Nino
Melt
Active Layer
50. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Altimetry Cons
Atmospheric Composition
summer
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