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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Thermokarst
2. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Permafrost Degradation
30%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
3. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Atmospheric Composition
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Percentile departures
The Ozone Hole
4. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Thermohaline Circulation
air can warm dramatically
Carbon Dioxide
Increases - decreases
5. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Shortwave Length
Atmospheric Composition
Albedos of Snow and Ice
6. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Melt
Closed talik
Ocean water
45%
7. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Talik
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Strong
What happens with the Ozone Hole
8. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
air can warm dramatically
Shortwave Length
Accumulation
Increases - decreases
9. Cooler water and drought conditions.
.75OC/km-1
Albedo
La Nia
Global warming and hot nights?
10. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
50%
Archimedes' Principle
Active Layer
GHG
11. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Antarctica
Permafrost
Infrared radiation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
12. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Cloud Feedbacks
Melt
Atmospheric Composition?
13. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Altimetry
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
In the troposphere that we live in.
14. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Antarctica
air can warm dramatically
Arctic Atmosphere
Sublimation
15. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Permafrost
Layers of Earth
The Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Circulation
16. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Earth's tilt
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Surface Mass Balance
Meteorological Drought
17. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
US and precipitation
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
18. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Antarctica
Active Layer
Ice-Albedo
19. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Today melting ice
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How we measure Mass Balance
1 m/yr; 10x
20. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Mass Budget
Surface Mass Balance
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Greenhouse Gases
21. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Talik
Mass Change
Very small portion
Cloud Feedbacks
22. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Melt
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Depth v Surface
23. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Energy Budget
Ice Sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Altimetry (height)
24. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Air pollution
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
25. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Climate Change in the Arctic
Why the Arctic climate is special
Arctic Atmosphere
26. Really measures volume.
Thinner atmosphere
El Nino
Altimetry
Talik
27. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
70%
Ice Motion
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Thermokarst Lake
28. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ice Motion
Albedo
Types of Albedo
Negative
29. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
summer
30. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Why the Arctic climate is special
% of Greenhouse Gases
Time Variable Gravity
31. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Climate Change in the Arctic
reduction in sea-ice
32. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Strong
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice absorbs
Antarctica
33. How often does El Nio occur?
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Once every 4 years.
Methane
Importance of ice sheets
34. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
El Nino
Greenhouse Gases
The cryosphere
Grounding Lines
35. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Monthly maximums and minimums
Importance of ice sheets
Thermohaline Circulation
36. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
Carbon Dioxide
Warm
Active Layer
37. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Questions to think about
Antarctica
doubles
Atmospheric Composition
38. 85%
Ice shelf
The cryosphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
Thinner atmosphere
39. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Stronger
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Thermokarst
The Ozone Hole
40. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
30%
Ice Sheets
Importance of ice sheets
41. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Sea Ice
Thermokarst Lake
Cloud Feedbacks
Dynamic thinning
42. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Archimedes' Principle
Ice/snow
Warming; cooling
Indirect heat wave effect
43. Where does the ozone protect us?
How to define a heatwave
In the stratosphere.
Atmospheric Structure
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
44. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Ice-Albedo
Troposphere
Heat wave
Questions to think about
45. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Thermokarst
Rainy
Monthly maximums and minimums
Heat wave
46. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
75-OC
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
winter
47. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Surface Mass Balance
Black Carbon
Air pollution
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
48. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Sublimation
Ozone
Sunspots
Antarctica
49. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Meteorological Drought
Importance of ice sheets
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ice Sheets
50. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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