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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Atmospheric Circulation
Radiative Forcing
Ice shelf
Open talik
2. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Antarctica
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Mass Change
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
3. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Thermokarst
30%
Time Variable Gravity
4. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Cloud Feedbacks
Talik
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
5. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
All Greenhouse gases
Methane
Altimetry (height)
Warming; cooling
6. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Why the Arctic climate is special
The Ozone Hole
Ice Cap
winter
7. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Once every 4 years.
Mass Budget
Closed talik
8. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Normal condition for air
Greenhouse Gases
Increases - decreases
9. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Very small portion
Energy Budget
Air pollution
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
10. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Permafrost
Ice absorbs
Methane
El Nino
11. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Surface Mass Balance
El Nino
Ozone Hole
Thermokarst
12. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Inversion Layer Summer
Positive
How to define a heatwave
Greenland
13. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Longwave Radiation
Heat Source and Pressure
How to define a heatwave
How talik forms under lakes
14. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Active Layer
Thinner atmosphere
15. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice Sheets
Stronger
16. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice Sheets
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice shelf
.75OC/km-1
17. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
air can warm dramatically
How a closed talik forms
Meteorological Drought
Active Layer
18. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Ice Shelf
Sea Ice
Ocean water
In the troposphere that we live in.
19. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Black Carbon
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
The Ozone Hole
Once every 4 years.
20. Where does the ozone protect us?
Sunspots
Atmospheric Circulation
In the stratosphere.
Ice/snow
21. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Absolute thresholds
Radiative Forcing
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ocean water
22. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Ice in the Arctic
Methane
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
23. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Types of Albedo
Wetter; drier
La Nia
Grounding Lines
24. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
30%
Indirect heat wave effect
25. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Ozone
How a closed talik forms
Radiative Flux
What happens with the Ozone Hole
26. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
In the stratosphere.
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
27. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
More rain means no drought
Meteorological Drought
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Albedos of Snow and Ice
28. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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29. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Altimetry
Ice Motion
How we measure Mass Balance
Thermokarst Lake
30. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ice-Albedo
air can warm dramatically
31. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
20%
Ice loss
Reduction in sea-ice extent
32. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
air can warm dramatically
Ice in the Arctic
Natural Causes of Warming
Sunspots
33. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Agricultural Drought
Ice Sheets
How a closed talik forms
34. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Percentile departures
20%
Monthly maximums and minimums
35. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
air can warm dramatically
Ice in the Arctic
Ice-Albedo
What effects the density
36. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Ocean water
Antarctica
Layers of Earth
Mass Budget
37. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Infrared radiation
Threshold departures
summer
IPCC
38. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Arctic Atmosphere
GHG
Grounding Lines
39. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
How we measure Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
Black Carbon
Strong
40. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Types of Albedo
Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
Warm
41. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
The cryosphere
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
7%
Today melting ice
42. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Inversion Layer Winter
Warm
Grounding v Surface Melting
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
43. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Grounding v Surface Melting
Thinner atmosphere
El Nino
44. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Heat Source and Pressure
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Archimedes' Principle
Questions to think about
45. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Earth's tilt
How to define a heatwave
46. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Albedo
30%
Ice Motion
Through talik
47. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Thermokarst
Threshold departures
How to define a heatwave
Altimetry (height)
48. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Once every 4 years.
Active Layer
La Nia
The cryosphere
49. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
7%
Sublimation
How to define a heatwave
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
50. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atmospheric Composition?
Time Variable Gravity
Contributions to CO2 from different activities