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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Ice absorbs
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Normal condition for air
How to define a heatwave
2. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Air pollution
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thermokarst Lake
Methane
3. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Shelf
Altimetry Cons
How to define a heatwave
4. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Global warming and hot nights?
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice in the Arctic
Ice Discharge
5. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Climate Change in the Arctic
Importance of ice sheets
30%
6. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Today melting ice
reduction in sea-ice
Mass Change
7. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
More rain means no drought
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Accumulation
8. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Greenland
Ozone
Thinner atmosphere
Arctic Atmosphere
9. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
1 m/yr; 10x
% of Greenhouse Gases
Methane
Radiative Forcing
10. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
75-OC
How talik forms under lakes
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
11. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Troposphere
Albedos of Snow and Ice
.75OC/km-1
Where rise in OC is greatest
12. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
reduction in sea-ice
Active Layer
Sunspots
How a closed talik forms
13. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Hydrological Drought
Sunspots
Air pollution
Heat Source and Pressure
14. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Layers of Earth
Monthly maximums and minimums
15. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Discontinuous
Ocean water
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
% of Greenhouse Gases
16. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
Archimedes' Principle
Ocean water
Discontinuous
17. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Radiative Forcing
Surface Mass Balance
Importance of ice sheets
Wetter; drier
18. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
50%
.75OC/km-1
19. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Altimetry Cons
Talik
20. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Increases - decreases
Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Structure
The cryosphere
21. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Wetter; drier
Meteorological Drought
Thermokarst
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
22. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
US and precipitation
Ice-Ocean Interactions
23. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Antarctica
Grounding v Surface Melting
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
24. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Warming; cooling
Severe coastal erosion
Grounding v Surface Melting
Affect Floods and Droughts
25. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Atmospheric Structure
Ice Motion
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Importance of ice sheets
26. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
The cryosphere
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice/snow
Climate Change in the Arctic
27. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Thermokarst
How we measure Mass Balance
Talik
Arctic Atmosphere
28. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Sea-Ice Albedo
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Absolute thresholds
US and precipitation
29. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Earth's tilt
Once every 4 years.
Ocean water
reduction in sea-ice
30. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
What effects the density
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Global warming and hot nights?
Inversion Layer Winter
31. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
The cryosphere
Atmospheric Circulation
Natural Causes of Warming
32. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
How a closed talik forms
Ice Sheets
Layers of Earth
Ozone
33. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Stronger
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice Cap
34. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Grounding Lines
IPCC
Altimetry Pros
35. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Wetter; drier
Air pollution
36. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Severe coastal erosion
Active Layer
Percentile departures
Albedo
37. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Mass Budget
IPCC
Inversion Layer Winter
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
38. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Surface Mass Balance
winter
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
39. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Talik
Thermokarst Lake
Radiative Forcing
40. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
1 m/yr; 10x
Radiative Forcing
Thermokarst Lake
Closed talik
41. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Layers of Earth
Monthly maximums and minimums
7%
42. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Percentile departures
Layers of Earth
Grounding Lines
43. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Severe coastal erosion
Talik
Thermokarst
Earth's tilt
44. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Ice Cap
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Why the Arctic climate is special
45. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Open talik
70%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
46. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
Meteorological Drought
Calving
In the troposphere that we live in.
47. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Ice loss
Infrared radiation
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
48. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Grounding Lines
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Greenhouse Gases
49. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Mass Balance
Permafrost
Melt
Infrared radiation
50. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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