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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice loss
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Inversion Layer Summer
2. The Earth emits this.
Radiative Flux
Longwave Radiation
Inversion Layer Winter
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
3. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Accumulation
Heat wave
Mass Balance
IPCC
4. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Mass Budget
Accumulation
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
5. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Warm
Active Layer
Percentile departures
6. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Rainy
Mass Budget
Radiative Forcing
Sea Ice
7. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
What effects the density
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Altimetry Cons
8. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone Hole
9. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Troposphere
Discontinuous
Severe coastal erosion
Increases - decreases
10. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
What effects the density
Dry
doubles
11. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Antarctica
Longwave Radiation
Ice Cap
12. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Wetter; drier
Grounding Lines
Talik
13. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
doubles
Ozone
25%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
14. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Warming; cooling
Thermohaline Circulation
Once every 4 years.
15. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Melt
Monthly maximums and minimums
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Altimetry Cons
16. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Sublimation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
In the troposphere that we live in.
US and precipitation
17. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Energy Budget
Through talik
Ice in the Arctic
Longwave Radiation
18. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Troposphere
The Ozone Hole
Active Layer
IPCC
19. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Meteorological Drought
Permafrost Degradation
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
20. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
.75OC/km-1
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Meteorological Drought
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
21. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
How to define a heatwave
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
How we measure Mass Balance
22. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
Rainy
Dry
Negative
23. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Questions to think about
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
24. More common
70%
Frozen Soil
Importance of ice sheets
Inversion Layer Winter
25. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Negative
How a closed talik forms
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
26. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Ice Discharge
Antarctica
Discontinuous
27. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Climate Change in the Arctic
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Heat Source and Pressure
winter
28. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Inversion Layer Summer
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Global warming and hot nights?
29. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
air can warm dramatically
Inversion Layer Winter
Monthly maximums and minimums
30. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Calving
Where rise in OC is greatest
31. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
air can warm dramatically
US and precipitation
Permafrost
Mass Change
32. Cooler water and drought conditions.
How talik forms under lakes
Sunspots
Black Carbon
La Nia
33. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Ocean water
Questions to think about
Grounding Lines
Mass Change
34. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Antarctica
Time Variable Gravity
Inversion Layer Winter
35. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Inversion Layer Summer
How a closed talik forms
Ice-Albedo
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
36. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Ozone
Calving
Arctic Atmosphere
Inversion Layer (feedback)
37. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Types of Albedo
Ozone Hole
More rain means no drought
El Nio is in the coasts of...
38. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
More rain means no drought
30%
Severe coastal erosion
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
39. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
All Greenhouse gases
Agricultural Drought
40. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Importance of ice sheets
Strong
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
41. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Active Layer
Ice Shelf
Questions to think about
Positive
42. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Albedo
Atmospheric Composition?
43. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Negative
Thinner atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
44. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Cap
Ocean water
45. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Atmospheric Circulation
summer
Ice absorbs
46. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Increases - decreases
Thermohaline Circulation
Strong
47. 85%
Positive
Albedos of Snow and Ice
The cryosphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
48. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
winter
Sunspots
Climate Change in the Arctic
Thermokarst Lake
49. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
reduction in sea-ice
Percentile departures
Negative
50. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
30%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2