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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Surface Mass Balance
Greenhouse Gases
Troposphere
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
2. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ozone
The Ozone Hole
3. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Monthly maximums and minimums
La Nia
Meteorological Drought
4. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Heat wave
Energy Budget
30%
5. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ocean water
Ice Shelf
Mass Budget
Ozone Hole
6. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Methane
Agricultural Drought
Positive feedbacks both found in...
7. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Grounding v Surface Melting
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice/snow
Ice-Albedo
8. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Hydrological Drought
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
How talik forms under lakes
% of Greenhouse Gases
9. Really measures volume.
Ice Discharge
Grounding Lines
Altimetry
La Nia
10. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Arctic Atmosphere
Affect Floods and Droughts
Active Layer
11. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulation
Energy Budget
Greenland
12. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Greenland
13. The amount of light reflected by an object.
El Nino
Albedo
Dry
How we measure Mass Balance
14. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
30%
Ice shelf
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
15. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Agricultural Drought
Altimetry Pros
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
16. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Indirect heat wave effect
Troposphere
Hydrological Drought
Accumulation
17. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Affect Floods and Droughts
Antarctica
18. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
summer
Radiative Flux
30%
19. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
Discontinuous
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
20. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
air can warm dramatically
Questions to think about
Negative
All Greenhouse gases
21. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Dynamic thinning
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Normal condition for air
Permafrost
22. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Shelf
Ice Motion
Closed talik
Talik
23. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Sublimation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
How a closed talik forms
.75OC/km-1
24. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Why the Arctic climate is special
Mass Change
Black Carbon
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
25. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Permafrost
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
26. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
In the troposphere that we live in.
75-OC
Antarctica
27. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
More rain means no drought
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Inversion Layer Winter
The cryosphere
28. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Calving
29. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Thinner atmosphere
Types of Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
La Nia
30. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Negative
Permafrost
Accumulation
31. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Antarctica
Black Carbon
Heat wave
Positive
32. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Ice Discharge
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Hydrological Drought
Permafrost Degradation
33. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
El Nio is in the coasts of...
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone
34. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Mass Change
Stronger
Sublimation
35. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
75-OC
Antarctica
Sunspots
Ozone
36. Where does the ozone protect us?
Ocean water
Longwave Radiation
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
In the stratosphere.
37. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Radiative Flux
Natural Causes of Warming
Thermokarst
Albedo
38. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Permafrost
75-OC
Black Carbon
winter
39. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Altimetry Cons
Heat Source and Pressure
How we measure Mass Balance
Severe coastal erosion
40. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Heat wave
Melt
41. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
30%
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermokarst Lake
45%
42. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Time Variable Gravity
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Where rise in OC is greatest
43. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Ice in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
Albedo
44. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Thermokarst
Types of Albedo
Why the Arctic climate is special
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
45. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Today melting ice
Ice-Albedo
Talik
Ocean water
46. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
How talik forms under lakes
Energy Budget
How we measure Mass Balance
Active Layer
47. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
GHG
Through talik
48. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Troposphere
50%
The Ozone Hole
Wetter; drier
49. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
In the troposphere that we live in.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermokarst
50. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
The cryosphere
Dry
Thermokarst Lake