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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Agricultural Drought
Arctic Atmosphere
Grounding Lines
2. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Shelf
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
What effects the density
3. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Atmospheric Structure
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulation
Albedos of Snow and Ice
4. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Hydrological Drought
Climate Change in the Arctic
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Active Layer
5. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Ice-Albedo
Longwave Radiation
Shortwave Length
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
6. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Hydrological Drought
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Once every 4 years.
7. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Atmospheric Composition
Altimetry (height)
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice Sheets
8. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Thermokarst
Carbon Dioxide
Where rise in OC is greatest
Very small portion
9. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Ice in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
Dry
10. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
.75OC/km-1
Absolute thresholds
Greenhouse Gases
11. The amount of light reflected by an object.
How we measure Mass Balance
Albedo
Absolute thresholds
30%
12. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
air can warm dramatically
Ozone
Ice loss
13. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
IPCC
Natural Causes of Warming
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice Shelf
14. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Atmospheric Circulation
US and precipitation
Normal condition for air
Altimetry Cons
15. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Antarctica
All Greenhouse gases
Heat wave
Mass Change
16. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Inversion Layer Summer
Permafrost Degradation
Sea Ice
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
17. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Increases - decreases
70%
Warm
Ocean water
18. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Sheets
75-OC
Ice loss
19. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sublimation
Warm
Global warming and hot nights?
20. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Longwave Radiation
Thermokarst Lake
IPCC
The cryosphere
21. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Importance of ice sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Altimetry
22. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice in the Arctic
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Infrared radiation
23. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
reduction in sea-ice
Radiative Forcing
How to define a heatwave
doubles
24. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Accumulation
Infrared radiation
How to define a heatwave
Rainy
25. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Today melting ice
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
26. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Sunspots
La Nia
How talik forms under lakes
30%
27. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Agricultural Drought
Thermohaline Circulation
Infrared radiation
28. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
More rain means no drought
Methane
Strong
Ocean water
29. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Warm
Ice Discharge
Normal condition for air
The Ozone Hole
30. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
In the stratosphere.
Increases - decreases
Negative
summer
31. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
How a closed talik forms
air can warm dramatically
Arctic Atmosphere
Grounding Lines
32. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
45%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Heat wave
Indirect heat wave effect
33. Less frequent and weaker
Heat wave
Meteorological Drought
Inversion Layer Summer
Through talik
34. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Troposphere
Positive
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
35. Total absorbed solar radiation
How to define a heatwave
Ice-Ocean Interactions
70%
Energy Budget
36. The Earth emits this.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Stronger
Troposphere
Longwave Radiation
37. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Radiative Flux
Altimetry Pros
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
38. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Indirect heat wave effect
Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer Winter
In the troposphere that we live in.
39. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Ozone
IPCC
The cryosphere
Open talik
40. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
41. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Altimetry (height)
Inversion Layer Winter
Calving
42. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
43. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
.75OC/km-1
Earth's tilt
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Hydrological Drought
44. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Earth's tilt
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ozone Hole
45. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Questions to think about
Air pollution
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Grounding Lines
46. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Absolute thresholds
47. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Absolute thresholds
Antarctica
Shortwave Length
How we measure Mass Balance
48. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
US and precipitation
Radiative Flux
winter
49. Measures input and output.
Air pollution
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ocean water
Mass Budget
50. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Ozone Hole
Grounding v Surface Melting
Indirect heat wave effect
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.