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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice-Albedo
Ice Discharge
2. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Warming; cooling
Atmospheric Circulation
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
3. More common
What happens with the Ozone Hole
% of Greenhouse Gases
Climate Change in the Arctic
Inversion Layer Winter
4. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atmospheric Structure
Percentile departures
GHG
5. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Arctic Atmosphere
Mass Change
Time Variable Gravity
Air pollution
6. Total absorbed solar radiation
Depth v Surface
70%
Negative
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
7. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Altimetry Cons
More rain means no drought
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
8. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Altimetry Pros
Ice shelf
Ocean water
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
9. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Where rise in OC is greatest
Altimetry Pros
Thermokarst
10. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
25%
Today melting ice
Surface Mass Balance
Increases - decreases
11. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Melt
Ozone Hole
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Mass Change
12. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Shortwave Length
Ice-Ocean Interactions
GHG
Dynamic thinning
13. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Talik
Radiative Forcing
14. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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15. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Warming; cooling
Methane
1 m/yr; 10x
El Nio is in the coasts of...
16. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Ozone
Altimetry
Grounding Lines
17. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Very small portion
Mass Balance
Rainy
Radiative Forcing
18. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer Summer
Layers of Earth
19. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Dynamic thinning
20. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Ice Sheets
Mass Change
Shortwave Length
Warm
21. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Talik
22. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Why the Arctic climate is special
23. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Methane
Frozen Soil
7%
24. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice loss
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Altimetry Pros
25. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Thermokarst Lake
Dynamic thinning
Air pollution
Sea Ice
26. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Strong
Wetter; drier
27. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
GHG
Atmospheric Composition
Natural Causes of Warming
Indirect heat wave effect
28. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Infrared radiation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
GHG
29. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Methane
Closed talik
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
30. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Threshold departures
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Meteorological Drought
31. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Climate Change in the Arctic
Mass Change
32. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
70%
Ice/snow
Antarctica
33. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Antarctica
In the stratosphere.
Accumulation
Energy Budget
34. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Arctic Atmosphere
How to define a heatwave
Mass Budget
35. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Warm
Surface Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
La Nia
36. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
US and precipitation
Where rise in OC is greatest
Arctic Atmosphere
37. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
.75OC/km-1
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Heat wave
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
38. High vs low
Mass Change
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulation
Cloud Feedbacks
39. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
25%
20%
Open talik
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
40. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Thermokarst
Frozen Soil
El Nino
In the troposphere that we live in.
41. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Global warming and hot nights?
30%
Meteorological Drought
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
42. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Longwave Radiation
25%
Carbon Dioxide
US and precipitation
43. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
El Nino
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Sea Ice
Monthly maximums and minimums
44. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
air can warm dramatically
Greenland
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
45. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Natural Causes of Warming
Dry
46. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
How to define a heatwave
Permafrost Degradation
Atmospheric Structure
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
47. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
doubles
75-OC
Talik
48. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
doubles
Types of Albedo
Active Layer
Questions to think about
49. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Shortwave Length
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Global warming and hot nights?
Warming; cooling
50. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Thermohaline Circulation
Time Variable Gravity
Surface Mass Balance
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
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