Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






2. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






3. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.






4. Permafrost- A frozen soil






5. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought






6. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






7. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






8. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.






9. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?






10. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)






11. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






12. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






13. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






14. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






15. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






16. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor






17. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.






18. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






19. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






20. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






21. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






22. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.






23. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






24. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






25. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






26. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






27. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






28. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






29. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets






30. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






31. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






32. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.






33. Measures input and output.






34. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






35. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






36. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






37. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






38. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.






39. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






40. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






41. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






42. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






43. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






44. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.






45. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






46. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






47. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.






48. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






49. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.






50. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.