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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Through talik
Closed talik
How talik forms under lakes
Increases - decreases
2. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice shelf
More rain means no drought
Troposphere
3. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
El Nino
The cryosphere
Why the Arctic climate is special
Frozen Soil
4. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Carbon Dioxide
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ozone Hole
Troposphere
5. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Depth v Surface
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Methane
6. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
GHG
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thermohaline Circulatoin
7. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
How talik forms under lakes
Ice Shelf
Melt
8. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Threshold departures
How a closed talik forms
Dynamic thinning
9. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Atmospheric Composition?
reduction in sea-ice
Hydrological Drought
Types of Albedo
10. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice shelf
In the troposphere that we live in.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
11. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Negative
Absolute thresholds
Methane
Methane
12. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Radiative Flux
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Why the Arctic climate is special
Percentile departures
13. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Very small portion
Atmospheric Composition
Accumulation
Earth's tilt
14. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
US and precipitation
How talik forms under lakes
.7O Celsius over the past century.
15. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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16. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Once every 4 years.
Carbon Dioxide
Talik
Ice/snow
17. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Mass Change
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Stronger
18. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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19. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Altimetry Cons
Antarctica
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
How a closed talik forms
20. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
Altimetry
Sunspots
Dynamic thinning
21. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
The cryosphere
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Heat wave
Antarctica
22. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
In the troposphere that we live in.
Sunspots
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
23. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
50%
Ice-Albedo
Melt
Altimetry (height)
24. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Global warming and hot nights?
Active Layer
Open talik
.7O Celsius over the past century.
25. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Heat Source and Pressure
Threshold departures
Ice-Albedo
Sublimation
26. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ice-Albedo
Heat wave
Archimedes' Principle
27. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
28. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Surface Mass Balance
Indirect heat wave effect
29. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
All Greenhouse gases
Air pollution
Sea Ice
30. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Albedo
Active Layer
Radiative Flux
31. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
GHG
Arctic Atmosphere
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Sea Ice
32. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Importance of ice sheets
Active Layer
Ice Sheets
Albedo
33. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Troposphere
Thermohaline Circulation
34. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Importance of ice sheets
air can warm dramatically
Why the Arctic climate is special
US and precipitation
35. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Antarctica
Ice Motion
36. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Frozen Soil
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Permafrost Degradation
37. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
GHG
summer
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Today melting ice
38. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Black Carbon
Ice Sheets
30%
Arctic Atmosphere
39. High vs low
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Inversion Layer Winter
Cloud Feedbacks
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
40. Measures input and output.
Sublimation
Thermohaline Circulation
Indirect heat wave effect
Mass Budget
41. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
.75OC/km-1
Rainy
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Stronger
42. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
In the troposphere that we live in.
doubles
Questions to think about
Dry
43. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Frozen Soil
Ice Sheets
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Altimetry Cons
44. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
1 m/yr; 10x
Sublimation
Severe coastal erosion
How to define a heatwave
45. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Air pollution
Atmospheric Composition
Global warming and hot nights?
46. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Ice in the Arctic
air can warm dramatically
Albedos of Snow and Ice
47. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Mass Change
Altimetry Pros
48. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Closed talik
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Antarctica
49. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Atmospheric Composition?
Sublimation
Heat Source and Pressure
Reduction in sea-ice extent
50. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Ozone Hole
.7O Celsius over the past century.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Why the Arctic climate is special