SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Radiative Forcing
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Active Layer
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
2. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Thermohaline Circulation
Heat wave
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice-Albedo
3. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Mass Balance
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Energy Budget
30%
4. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Grounding Lines
25%
Longwave Radiation
5. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
The cryosphere
Grounding Lines
Where rise in OC is greatest
Sea Ice
6. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Inversion Layer Summer
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Methane
7. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Troposphere
In the troposphere that we live in.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice Discharge
8. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Today melting ice
Greenland
9. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Once every 4 years.
Altimetry Cons
Atmospheric Structure
air can warm dramatically
10. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Ice in the Arctic
Threshold departures
Antarctica
How we measure Mass Balance
11. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Carbon Dioxide
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Inversion Layer (feedback)
12. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Warming; cooling
winter
13. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Depth v Surface
Albedo
Precipitation and High Latitudes
.75OC/km-1
14. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice Discharge
Positive feedbacks both found in...
How we measure Mass Balance
15. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Absolute thresholds
Earth's tilt
Percentile departures
Frozen Soil
16. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
What effects the density
How a closed talik forms
Surface Mass Balance
17. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition
Cloud Feedbacks
Antarctica
18. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Ice absorbs
Where rise in OC is greatest
Mass Change
19. The Earth emits this.
Atmospheric Structure
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice Sheets
Longwave Radiation
20. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Natural Causes of Warming
Air pollution
Heat wave
1 m/yr; 10x
21. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
More rain means no drought
7%
Antarctica
Methane
22. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Heat Source and Pressure
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Surface Mass Balance
23. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Ice Sheets
Surface Mass Balance
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Meteorological Drought
24. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Active Layer
Closed talik
25. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ozone Hole
Air pollution
Atmospheric Composition
26. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Altimetry
Ozone
Increases - decreases
27. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Wetter; drier
Severe coastal erosion
Ice-Ocean Interactions
28. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Shortwave Length
Strong
Ice-Ocean Interactions
25%
29. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Active Layer
Atmospheric Composition?
Albedos of Snow and Ice
30. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Once every 4 years.
Methane
Wetter; drier
Climate Change in the Arctic
31. Melting Point decreases
Radiative Flux
Sunspots
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
.75OC/km-1
32. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
1 m/yr; 10x
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice-Albedo
Permafrost
33. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Hydrological Drought
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Mass Budget
34. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Carbon Dioxide
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ocean water
How we measure Mass Balance
35. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Permafrost
Ice loss
reduction in sea-ice
36. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice Discharge
75-OC
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice/snow
37. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Negative
70%
Questions to think about
38. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Methane
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
30%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
39. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Ozone Hole
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Surface Mass Balance
Monthly maximums and minimums
40. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Atmospheric Structure
Thermohaline Circulation
50%
Open talik
41. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
42. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Air pollution
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
43. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Altimetry Pros
75-OC
reduction in sea-ice
El Nio is in the coasts of...
44. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Where rise in OC is greatest
Closed talik
Frozen Soil
45. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Types of Albedo
Meteorological Drought
46. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Natural Causes of Warming
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Black Carbon
Questions to think about
47. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
20%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
48. How often does El Nio occur?
Cloud Feedbacks
Once every 4 years.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Sunspots
49. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Threshold departures
Altimetry
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
The Ozone Hole
50. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Heat Source and Pressure
Talik
Ice in the Arctic
Types of Albedo