Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






2. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.






3. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






4. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






5. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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6. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






7. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.






8. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






9. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






10. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






11. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






12. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






13. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






14. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






15. How much is the planet really warming?






16. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






17. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






18. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.






19. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






20. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






21. Amount of light absorbed by surface






22. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






23. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






24. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






25. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






26. 240 w/m squared






27. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






28. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






29. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






30. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






31. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






32. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






33. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






34. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






35. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






36. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






37. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






38. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






39. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.






40. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






41. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)






42. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






43. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






44. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






45. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






46. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.






47. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.






48. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.






49. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






50. High vs low