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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Negative
Rainy
50%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
2. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Very small portion
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Surface Mass Balance
Reduction in sea-ice extent
3. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
20%
Atmospheric Composition
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
4. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Ozone
In the troposphere that we live in.
Thermokarst
Normal condition for air
5. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
More rain means no drought
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Thermohaline Circulation
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
6. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
30%
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
air can warm dramatically
Active Layer
7. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Altimetry Cons
Stronger
Strong
In the stratosphere.
8. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Albedos of Snow and Ice
What effects the density
Affect Floods and Droughts
9. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Depth v Surface
Climate Change in the Arctic
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice-Albedo
10. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Layers of Earth
reduction in sea-ice
Thermokarst
Wetter; drier
11. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Active Layer
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Severe coastal erosion
12. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ozone Hole
Meteorological Drought
Today melting ice
13. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Indirect heat wave effect
Altimetry (height)
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
14. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Antarctica
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Energy Budget
More rain means no drought
15. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Greenland
Thermokarst Lake
GHG
Surface Mass Balance
16. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
How we measure Mass Balance
Negative
Methane
Radiative Flux
17. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Thermohaline Circulation
Greenhouse Gases
18. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Altimetry (height)
Calving
Ice/snow
19. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Warm
The cryosphere
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Cloud Feedbacks
20. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Winter
75-OC
Greenland
21. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Air pollution
45%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
22. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Absolute thresholds
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
.7O Celsius over the past century.
23. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Heat Source and Pressure
Wetter; drier
24. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Altimetry (height)
Surface Mass Balance
75-OC
25. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Earth's tilt
Ozone Hole
26. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Methane
All Greenhouse gases
Atmospheric Structure
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
27. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Earth's tilt
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Absolute thresholds
25%
28. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Atmospheric Composition
Energy Budget
Hydrological Drought
Meteorological Drought
29. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Troposphere
doubles
Stronger
Greenland
30. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Archimedes' Principle
30%
doubles
Ice in the Arctic
31. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Affect Floods and Droughts
How talik forms under lakes
Warm
32. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Natural Causes of Warming
Atmospheric Composition?
Methane
Types of Albedo
33. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Surface Mass Balance
Layers of Earth
34. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Accumulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice-Albedo
35. How much is the planet really warming?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ocean water
Radiative Forcing
36. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Methane
Precipitation and High Latitudes
25%
Ozone Hole
37. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
doubles
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
The cryosphere
Mass Balance
38. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Heat Source and Pressure
Warm
25%
Radiative Forcing
39. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
El Nino
In the stratosphere.
summer
40. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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on line
183
41. Melting Point decreases
summer
Today melting ice
.75OC/km-1
25%
42. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
doubles
Antarctica
Atmospheric Composition?
45%
43. Where does the ozone protect us?
Grounding Lines
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Precipitation and High Latitudes
In the stratosphere.
44. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Atmospheric Circulation
30%
Ice Sheets
Thinner atmosphere
45. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Ozone
Ice Sheets
Shortwave Length
Grounding Lines
46. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Grounding Lines
How a closed talik forms
47. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Melt
Frozen Soil
Arctic Atmosphere
48. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Active Layer
What effects the density
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
49. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Ice Shelf
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Radiative Forcing
50. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
What effects the density
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice-Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
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