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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Less frequent and weaker
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Once every 4 years.
How we measure Mass Balance
Inversion Layer Summer
2. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
1 m/yr; 10x
Frozen Soil
Thermokarst
Ice-Ocean Interactions
3. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ozone Hole
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
How to define a heatwave
4. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Warming; cooling
Ice shelf
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
IPCC
5. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Permafrost Degradation
Infrared radiation
Grounding v Surface Melting
Why the Arctic climate is special
6. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Permafrost
Grounding Lines
30%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
7. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
70%
In the stratosphere.
Talik
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
8. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Black Carbon
Ice Discharge
Permafrost Degradation
9. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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10. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Warming; cooling
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
11. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
30%
Sunspots
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Carbon Dioxide
12. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Active Layer
Ozone
Climate Change in the Arctic
13. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Types of Albedo
Ice Sheets
Altimetry
Closed talik
14. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
Heat Source and Pressure
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Energy Budget
15. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Thinner atmosphere
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Mass Budget
Affect Floods and Droughts
16. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Ozone Hole
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Surface Mass Balance
Positive
17. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Albedo
Why the Arctic climate is special
Permafrost
Global warming and hot nights?
18. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Questions to think about
doubles
Mass Budget
Natural Causes of Warming
19. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Thermokarst
Normal condition for air
In the stratosphere.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
20. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
The cryosphere
Earth's tilt
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
21. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice loss
Time Variable Gravity
22. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice absorbs
What happens with the Ozone Hole
.7O Celsius over the past century.
23. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Dry
Troposphere
All Greenhouse gases
reduction in sea-ice
24. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
All Greenhouse gases
Earth's tilt
25. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Calving
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Precipitation and High Latitudes
26. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice loss
20%
27. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Absolute thresholds
Monthly maximums and minimums
Mass Balance
Ice absorbs
28. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Methane
US and precipitation
Stronger
29. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Greenland
Air pollution
Archimedes' Principle
30. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
70%
75-OC
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
31. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Normal condition for air
Heat Source and Pressure
Thinner atmosphere
Indirect heat wave effect
32. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Ocean water
Stronger
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
33. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Ice Cap
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Indirect heat wave effect
34. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Threshold departures
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
35. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Types of Albedo
Strong
How we measure Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
36. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Melt
How to define a heatwave
Greenhouse Gases
winter
37. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Atmospheric Circulation
Altimetry Pros
38. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice-Albedo
Atmospheric Structure
39. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
Climate Change in the Arctic
Through talik
In the troposphere that we live in.
40. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Grounding Lines
Energy Budget
Black Carbon
Arctic Atmosphere
41. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Discharge
75-OC
Grounding Lines
42. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Black Carbon
What effects the density
Climate Change in the Arctic
Ice Shelf
43. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
45%
Grounding Lines
Active Layer
44. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Ocean water
Surface Mass Balance
1 m/yr; 10x
El Nio is in the coasts of...
45. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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46. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Stronger
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Depth v Surface
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
47. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Today melting ice
30%
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
48. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Sunspots
Natural Causes of Warming
% of Greenhouse Gases
49. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Strong
Grounding v Surface Melting
Infrared radiation
Global warming and hot nights?
50. 240 w/m squared
Open talik
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice/snow
Global warming and hot nights?