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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Warm
Questions to think about
winter
Carbon Dioxide
2. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Active Layer
In the troposphere that we live in.
In the stratosphere.
Sunspots
3. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Severe coastal erosion
Open talik
Sunspots
Methane
4. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Rainy
Active Layer
20%
Grounding v Surface Melting
5. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
What effects the density
summer
Normal condition for air
Antarctica
6. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
US and precipitation
All Greenhouse gases
Permafrost
Atmospheric Composition
7. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Mass Change
reduction in sea-ice
Ice Cap
Ice Sheets
8. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Infrared radiation
What effects the density
Greenhouse Gases
9. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
50%
Stronger
Sea Ice
Ice-Ocean Interactions
10. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ice Discharge
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
11. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Percentile departures
Mass Budget
Ozone
All Greenhouse gases
12. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
How we measure Mass Balance
1 m/yr; 10x
El Nino
Ozone
13. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Active Layer
Air pollution
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Importance of ice sheets
14. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Mass Change
Inversion Layer Summer
15. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
How talik forms under lakes
Earth's tilt
Active Layer
Surface Mass Balance
16. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Archimedes' Principle
Meteorological Drought
Atmospheric Structure
17. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice Sheets
Negative
Monthly maximums and minimums
18. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Ozone
Altimetry Cons
Where rise in OC is greatest
19. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Thermokarst
Thermokarst
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
20. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Infrared radiation
Percentile departures
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Dynamic thinning
21. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Inversion Layer Summer
Discontinuous
22. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Time Variable Gravity
75-OC
Ice Sheets
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
23. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Altimetry (height)
45%
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
24. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Mass Balance
summer
Ice Cap
25. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Energy Budget
Ice in the Arctic
Air pollution
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
26. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Thinner atmosphere
Dynamic thinning
Stronger
Shortwave Length
27. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Surface Mass Balance
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Greenland
28. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Antarctica
Ozone Hole
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
doubles
29. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Energy Budget
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Motion
Ice Shelf
30. Less frequent and weaker
25%
Inversion Layer Summer
Threshold departures
How we measure Mass Balance
31. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
Infrared radiation
Strong
32. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Through talik
Albedo
doubles
Ocean water
33. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
El Nino
Grounding Lines
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
34. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
45%
Ozone Hole
Methane
Sublimation
35. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Air pollution
How to define a heatwave
Methane
36. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Greenland
Grounding v Surface Melting
Methane
37. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
30%
Ice Sheets
How we measure Mass Balance
Natural Causes of Warming
38. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
All Greenhouse gases
Dynamic thinning
Ice-Albedo
39. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
In the stratosphere.
Altimetry (height)
How we measure Mass Balance
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
40. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Ice-Albedo
Thinner atmosphere
How we measure Mass Balance
Severe coastal erosion
41. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Longwave Radiation
winter
GHG
42. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Altimetry Cons
Greenhouse Gases
43. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
US and precipitation
Strong
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
44. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
How to define a heatwave
What effects the density
Antarctica
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
45. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Meteorological Drought
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
El Nino
46. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Permafrost
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Negative
47. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Albedo
30%
Ocean water
Dynamic thinning
48. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Cloud Feedbacks
Antarctica
Frozen Soil
Today melting ice
49. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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50. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Negative
Permafrost Degradation