SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Threshold departures
Agricultural Drought
Warm
2. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thinner atmosphere
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Threshold departures
3. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
4. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice Sheets
Today melting ice
Cloud Feedbacks
5. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Thermohaline Circulation
Types of Albedo
Radiative Flux
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
6. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
How talik forms under lakes
Greenland
Natural Causes of Warming
Permafrost Degradation
7. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Strong
Albedos of Snow and Ice
8. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Strong
Surface Mass Balance
Normal condition for air
9. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
US and precipitation
Once every 4 years.
La Nia
10. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ice Shelf
Ocean water
Thermokarst Lake
1 m/yr; 10x
11. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
How talik forms under lakes
Frozen Soil
Positive
All Greenhouse gases
12. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Permafrost
Discontinuous
25%
13. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Frozen Soil
All Greenhouse gases
70%
14. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
US and precipitation
Mass Balance
summer
The cryosphere
15. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Altimetry
Permafrost
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
16. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
How to define a heatwave
Altimetry Pros
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
17. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
75-OC
Energy Budget
Grounding Lines
Infrared radiation
18. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Air pollution
Hydrological Drought
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Meteorological Drought
19. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
30%
reduction in sea-ice
Thermokarst Lake
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
20. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Meteorological Drought
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Albedo
21. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
% of Greenhouse Gases
Calving
Altimetry
Atmospheric Structure
22. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
25%
How to define a heatwave
summer
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
23. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Precipitation and High Latitudes
30%
Dry
Thermokarst Lake
24. Total absorbed solar radiation
30%
70%
Altimetry Pros
All Greenhouse gases
25. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Ice/snow
What effects the density
Inversion Layer (feedback)
26. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Where rise in OC is greatest
Normal condition for air
Greenhouse Gases
Wetter; drier
27. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
28. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
What effects the density
45%
reduction in sea-ice
Ice/snow
29. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Thermohaline Circulation
30. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Normal condition for air
Ice shelf
Black Carbon
31. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Sea Ice
Types of Albedo
Antarctica
50%
32. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
US and precipitation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
air can warm dramatically
33. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice-Albedo
summer
Reduction in sea-ice extent
34. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice Shelf
Carbon Dioxide
.75OC/km-1
35. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
How a closed talik forms
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Earth's tilt
36. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Carbon Dioxide
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Archimedes' Principle
Hydrological Drought
37. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ice-Albedo
What happens with the Ozone Hole
7%
Ocean water
38. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Ozone Hole
Closed talik
Grounding v Surface Melting
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
39. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Very small portion
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Rainy
40. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Thinner atmosphere
Albedo
Radiative Flux
Percentile departures
41. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Atmospheric Composition?
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice loss
42. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Dry
Ozone
Permafrost
Open talik
43. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Inversion Layer Summer
Permafrost
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Inversion Layer Winter
44. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
The Ozone Hole
Greenland
Energy Budget
45. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Ice Sheets
Warm
Where rise in OC is greatest
Melt
46. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Inversion Layer Winter
Agricultural Drought
Time Variable Gravity
Positive feedbacks both found in...
47. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
El Nino
Radiative Flux
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
48. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Natural Causes of Warming
How a closed talik forms
US and precipitation
Heat wave
49. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Mass Change
Types of Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
Ice loss
50. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
.75OC/km-1
Shortwave Length
Ice Sheets