SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Albedo
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Archimedes' Principle
2. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Heat Source and Pressure
75-OC
Ice Discharge
Arctic Atmosphere
3. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Types of Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Troposphere
4. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
30%
Mass Balance
Where rise in OC is greatest
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
5. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Frozen Soil
Mass Budget
Grounding v Surface Melting
75-OC
6. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Shelf
Wetter; drier
Agricultural Drought
7. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Air pollution
8. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Ocean water
Sea-Ice Albedo
Active Layer
Severe coastal erosion
9. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Thinner atmosphere
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Structure
10. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Archimedes' Principle
Accumulation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Radiative Flux
11. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Wetter; drier
Thermokarst
Through talik
Inversion Layer (feedback)
12. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Permafrost Degradation
In the stratosphere.
Greenhouse Gases
13. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Today melting ice
IPCC
14. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
The Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Circulation
15. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Discontinuous
Today melting ice
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
16. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Closed talik
Ice/snow
Natural Causes of Warming
How we measure Mass Balance
17. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Energy Budget
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice absorbs
18. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
winter
Mass Budget
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
19. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Indirect heat wave effect
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Altimetry Pros
Thermohaline Circulation
20. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Dynamic thinning
Strong
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Greenland
21. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
reduction in sea-ice
45%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Absolute thresholds
22. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Importance of ice sheets
7%
Negative
Ice Shelf
23. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Longwave Radiation
How we measure Mass Balance
Radiative Forcing
Rainy
24. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
US and precipitation
Surface Mass Balance
In the troposphere that we live in.
summer
25. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Longwave Radiation
reduction in sea-ice
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
26. 85%
Atmospheric Circulation
Ocean water
Sea-Ice Albedo
Where rise in OC is greatest
27. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Monthly maximums and minimums
Permafrost
30%
How to define a heatwave
28. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
How a closed talik forms
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Affect Floods and Droughts
29. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Ice absorbs
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Where rise in OC is greatest
1 m/yr; 10x
30. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Increases - decreases
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice Motion
Methane
31. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Active Layer
reduction in sea-ice
Climate Change in the Arctic
Thermokarst Lake
32. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Greenland
Infrared radiation
Affect Floods and Droughts
Depth v Surface
33. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Arctic Atmosphere
IPCC
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Circulation
34. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice/snow
Ocean water
Talik
Ice shelf
35. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ice Motion
Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Composition
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
36. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Accumulation
Positive
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
37. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice loss
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ozone Hole
38. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
How a closed talik forms
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Through talik
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
39. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
reduction in sea-ice
Mass Change
Antarctica
Sublimation
40. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
30%
Accumulation
Ice Motion
Archimedes' Principle
41. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Dynamic thinning
Depth v Surface
Altimetry Cons
Air pollution
42. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Thermohaline Circulation
Grounding Lines
Percentile departures
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
43. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice Cap
How we measure Mass Balance
44. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Ice loss
Mass Budget
Strong
Thermohaline Circulation
45. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Very small portion
Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer Summer
30%
46. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Layers of Earth
summer
Ice Motion
47. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Inversion Layer Summer
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Surface Mass Balance
Monthly maximums and minimums
48. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Black Carbon
Talik
More rain means no drought
49. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Energy Budget
Discontinuous
30%
50. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Climate Change in the Arctic
Thermokarst Lake
Permafrost
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite