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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Dynamic thinning
All Greenhouse gases
Ocean water
Agricultural Drought
2. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
GHG
Ice Discharge
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Inversion Layer (feedback)
3. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Dynamic thinning
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
.75OC/km-1
The Ozone Hole
4. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
winter
Melt
Why the Arctic climate is special
5. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Sunspots
Natural Causes of Warming
Talik
Thermokarst Lake
6. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Altimetry Pros
7%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
7. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Ice absorbs
.75OC/km-1
Thinner atmosphere
8. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Radiative Flux
Altimetry Cons
Agricultural Drought
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
9. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Permafrost Degradation
How we measure Mass Balance
Ozone
10. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Types of Albedo
Radiative Flux
Active Layer
Open talik
11. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
More rain means no drought
Warming; cooling
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
12. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Altimetry
Air pollution
How to define a heatwave
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
13. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Warming; cooling
Ozone Hole
Archimedes' Principle
Meteorological Drought
14. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
How to define a heatwave
air can warm dramatically
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Accumulation
15. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
reduction in sea-ice
Once every 4 years.
Melt
Permafrost Degradation
16. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
IPCC
In the troposphere that we live in.
summer
17. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Threshold departures
What effects the density
Altimetry Pros
Normal condition for air
18. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
How to define a heatwave
Ice in the Arctic
Heat wave
Importance of ice sheets
19. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Motion
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice Sheets
Dynamic thinning
20. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
winter
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Permafrost Degradation
21. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Rainy
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Thermohaline Circulation
22. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Strong
Frozen Soil
Air pollution
23. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Methane
Ice absorbs
Depth v Surface
Types of Albedo
24. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Importance of ice sheets
Global warming and hot nights?
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
25. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Radiative Flux
Ice in the Arctic
Time Variable Gravity
Ice-Albedo
26. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Percentile departures
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
27. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Frozen Soil
Ice Sheets
How talik forms under lakes
Agricultural Drought
28. Less frequent and weaker
Dry
Ice-Albedo
Inversion Layer Summer
Melt
29. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Layers of Earth
Ocean water
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Where rise in OC is greatest
30. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Altimetry (height)
45%
La Nia
31. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Thermokarst
Active Layer
Monthly maximums and minimums
Threshold departures
32. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
How a closed talik forms
Black Carbon
Agricultural Drought
Heat Source and Pressure
33. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice shelf
Ice Motion
Ice Discharge
34. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Wetter; drier
Ocean water
35. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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36. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Ice/snow
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Motion
Inversion Layer Winter
37. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
More rain means no drought
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Thermokarst Lake
Ocean water
38. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Ice Cap
Thinner atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
Positive
39. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
7%
More rain means no drought
Permafrost
Where rise in OC is greatest
40. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Active Layer
Antarctica
Ocean water
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
41. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Earth's tilt
Ice Motion
Thermokarst Lake
42. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Talik
Shortwave Length
30%
43. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Depth v Surface
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
44. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
El Nino
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice-Albedo
45. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
What effects the density
Albedo
Infrared radiation
46. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
winter
Warm
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Dry
47. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Radiative Flux
Stronger
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
48. 240 w/m squared
Ice Motion
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Normal condition for air
Increases - decreases
49. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice Sheets
Hydrological Drought
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
50. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Greenland
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Albedo