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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Permafrost
Ice shelf
Heat Source and Pressure
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
2. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice-Albedo
3. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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4. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Monthly maximums and minimums
Radiative Forcing
All Greenhouse gases
5. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
IPCC
Albedo
Ice in the Arctic
Ozone
6. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Climate Change in the Arctic
What effects the density
Ice loss
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
7. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Severe coastal erosion
Ice Sheets
% of Greenhouse Gases
8. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
In the stratosphere.
Atmospheric Composition
Closed talik
Atmospheric Composition?
9. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
doubles
75-OC
Discontinuous
10. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Ozone Hole
Energy Budget
La Nia
1 m/yr; 10x
11. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Calving
Thermokarst
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Inversion Layer Winter
12. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Altimetry Cons
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Natural Causes of Warming
Climate Change in the Arctic
13. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Dynamic thinning
Severe coastal erosion
Permafrost Degradation
7%
14. Ocean retains ____ CO2
What happens with the Ozone Hole
25%
1 m/yr; 10x
45%
15. 240 w/m squared
Warming; cooling
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Closed talik
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
16. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How talik forms under lakes
Dry
How to define a heatwave
Ice Motion
17. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition
Black Carbon
Thermokarst Lake
18. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Antarctica
Today melting ice
Albedo
Ozone Hole
19. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Antarctica
1 m/yr; 10x
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Inversion Layer Winter
20. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Discontinuous
Importance of ice sheets
Climate Change in the Arctic
Monthly maximums and minimums
21. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Heat Source and Pressure
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Cloud Feedbacks
22. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Radiative Forcing
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Mass Balance
Percentile departures
23. Where does the ozone protect us?
Thermokarst
Very small portion
In the stratosphere.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
24. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Affect Floods and Droughts
1 m/yr; 10x
25. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
More rain means no drought
Cloud Feedbacks
Infrared radiation
Ice in the Arctic
26. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Thermokarst
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice shelf
27. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Percentile departures
Precipitation and High Latitudes
28. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
In the stratosphere.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Warming; cooling
Thermokarst
29. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
How to define a heatwave
Greenland
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Albedos of Snow and Ice
30. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
US and precipitation
Heat wave
Grounding Lines
Methane
31. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
El Nino
Methane
Atmospheric Circulation
Accumulation
32. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Grounding Lines
Once every 4 years.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Altimetry (height)
33. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice loss
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Depth v Surface
34. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
Frozen Soil
Sunspots
Positive feedbacks both found in...
35. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Energy Budget
Antarctica
Black Carbon
36. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Questions to think about
Air pollution
Indirect heat wave effect
25%
37. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Active Layer
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Thermohaline Circulation
38. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Today melting ice
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
39. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Mass Balance
75-OC
40. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice/snow
Thermokarst Lake
Arctic Atmosphere
41. Less frequent and weaker
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Inversion Layer Summer
42. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Thermokarst
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Greenhouse Gases
Ice absorbs
43. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Questions to think about
Greenhouse Gases
44. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
reduction in sea-ice
Earth's tilt
50%
45. High vs low
Today melting ice
Cloud Feedbacks
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Thermokarst
46. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Questions to think about
How a closed talik forms
Precipitation and High Latitudes
47. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Indirect heat wave effect
Dry
Greenland
48. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Ice Sheets
Sublimation
Accumulation
Shortwave Length
49. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Percentile departures
Ice Sheets
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
reduction in sea-ice
50. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Absolute thresholds
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Through talik
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