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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Radiative Flux
Dry
Thermokarst Lake
30%
2. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
How to define a heatwave
Ozone Hole
doubles
3. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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4. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
All Greenhouse gases
How a closed talik forms
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
5. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Active Layer
Antarctica
Affect Floods and Droughts
Through talik
6. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Through talik
20%
Permafrost
7. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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8. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Grounding Lines
Sublimation
20%
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
9. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Permafrost Degradation
Ice Discharge
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Normal condition for air
10. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Mass Balance
Percentile departures
Natural Causes of Warming
Ozone
11. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
70%
Ice Cap
Altimetry (height)
Atmospheric Composition?
12. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Grounding Lines
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Permafrost
13. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Talik
El Nino
Permafrost
Ice Discharge
14. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
70%
Types of Albedo
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Altimetry Pros
15. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Negative
The cryosphere
Antarctica
Grounding Lines
16. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
30%
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
How to define a heatwave
17. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Mass Balance
Antarctica
Permafrost
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
18. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Melt
Thermokarst
Thinner atmosphere
19. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Altimetry
Sea Ice
reduction in sea-ice
Dry
20. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Ice in the Arctic
Thermokarst
Surface Mass Balance
Calving
21. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
45%
Discontinuous
Layers of Earth
Warming; cooling
22. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
reduction in sea-ice
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Why the Arctic climate is special
Severe coastal erosion
23. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Indirect heat wave effect
Altimetry (height)
Altimetry Pros
24. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
50%
30%
Today melting ice
25. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Earth's tilt
Greenhouse Gases
Warm
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
26. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Altimetry Cons
30%
Sublimation
Severe coastal erosion
27. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Types of Albedo
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice Cap
Surface Mass Balance
28. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
How to define a heatwave
Warming; cooling
US and precipitation
29. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Strong
Today melting ice
Troposphere
El Nino
30. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Dynamic thinning
31. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
What effects the density
GHG
Ozone
32. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Through talik
Increases - decreases
Ozone Hole
30%
33. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
75-OC
How to define a heatwave
Ice Cap
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
34. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Altimetry (height)
Mass Change
La Nia
35. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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36. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Discontinuous
Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
All Greenhouse gases
37. How much is the planet really warming?
Discontinuous
summer
Warming; cooling
.7O Celsius over the past century.
38. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Thermokarst
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
7%
Arctic Atmosphere
39. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Talik
Atmospheric Structure
Normal condition for air
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
40. The amount of light reflected by an object.
The Ozone Hole
Altimetry (height)
Energy Budget
Albedo
41. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Mass Change
Strong
Ice/snow
42. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Methane
Closed talik
Thermohaline Circulation
Active Layer
43. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Surface Mass Balance
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Threshold departures
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
44. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
Surface Mass Balance
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
45. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
The cryosphere
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
46. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
Why the Arctic climate is special
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Antarctica
47. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Grounding Lines
Normal condition for air
48. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Mass Change
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Accumulation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
49. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Albedo
In the troposphere that we live in.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
50. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ozone Hole
30%
How we measure Mass Balance