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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Earth emits this.
Stronger
Longwave Radiation
Altimetry (height)
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
2. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Frozen Soil
Types of Albedo
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
3. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice loss
doubles
Atmospheric Composition
4. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Melt
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Stronger
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
5. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermokarst
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulation
Shortwave Length
6. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Positive
All Greenhouse gases
Cloud Feedbacks
7. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ice-Albedo
winter
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Global warming and hot nights?
8. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Percentile departures
Radiative Forcing
1 m/yr; 10x
9. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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10. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Antarctica
winter
Meteorological Drought
11. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Questions to think about
30%
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
12. 85%
Dry
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Sea-Ice Albedo
.75OC/km-1
13. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Ozone Hole
Thermokarst
Today melting ice
Ice Discharge
14. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Warm
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Earth's tilt
summer
15. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Frozen Soil
Natural Causes of Warming
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Sea Ice
16. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Atmospheric Circulation
30%
air can warm dramatically
Thermohaline Circulation
17. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Absolute thresholds
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Energy Budget
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
18. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Methane
50%
summer
How talik forms under lakes
19. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
What effects the density
Open talik
US and precipitation
75-OC
20. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Strong
Open talik
75-OC
21. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Wetter; drier
Greenhouse Gases
Sunspots
Dynamic thinning
22. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Atmospheric Structure
70%
Types of Albedo
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
23. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Accumulation
IPCC
Types of Albedo
24. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Permafrost
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Increases - decreases
25. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Importance of ice sheets
Heat Source and Pressure
.75OC/km-1
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
26. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Open talik
Indirect heat wave effect
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
27. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Ice/snow
Sea Ice
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thinner atmosphere
28. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Ice Shelf
Black Carbon
In the troposphere that we live in.
Troposphere
29. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Global warming and hot nights?
Air pollution
Dynamic thinning
Melt
30. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Mass Budget
Melt
Accumulation
Wetter; drier
31. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
In the troposphere that we live in.
Mass Change
Ice in the Arctic
Normal condition for air
32. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
How talik forms under lakes
70%
Agricultural Drought
Antarctica
33. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Mass Budget
Active Layer
Mass Change
34. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Earth's tilt
Sea-Ice Albedo
Questions to think about
20%
35. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Hydrological Drought
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
36. Where does the ozone protect us?
Open talik
In the stratosphere.
Active Layer
Melt
37. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Altimetry Cons
Depth v Surface
Sunspots
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
38. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Archimedes' Principle
In the stratosphere.
Threshold departures
39. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Methane
30%
40. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
Ice absorbs
Strong
Ozone
41. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
GHG
Rainy
Severe coastal erosion
Precipitation and High Latitudes
42. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
.75OC/km-1
Air pollution
Monthly maximums and minimums
What happens with the Ozone Hole
43. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Infrared radiation
Ice Cap
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
44. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Wetter; drier
Heat Source and Pressure
45. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
50%
Affect Floods and Droughts
Dry
How we measure Mass Balance
46. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
20%
Climate Change in the Arctic
Ozone
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
47. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Ice absorbs
Thermokarst Lake
air can warm dramatically
Importance of ice sheets
48. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Cloud Feedbacks
Shortwave Length
Permafrost Degradation
Once every 4 years.
49. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice loss
Altimetry Cons
50. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Surface Mass Balance
Greenhouse Gases
Stronger
Active Layer