Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






2. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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3. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.






4. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.






5. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






6. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.






7. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






8. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






9. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.






10. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






11. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






12. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






13. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv






14. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






15. How often does El Nio occur?






16. Cooler water and drought conditions.






17. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?






18. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






19. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






20. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






21. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






22. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






23. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






24. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.






25. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.






26. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






27. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






29. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






30. The amount of light reflected by an object.






31. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






32. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.






33. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet






34. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






35. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






36. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






37. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






38. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






39. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






40. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






41. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






42. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






43. The Earth emits this.






44. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






45. 240 w/m squared






46. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






47. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






48. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






49. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






50. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.