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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Greenhouse Gases
Atmospheric Structure
Natural Causes of Warming
Agricultural Drought
2. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Heat Source and Pressure
Greenhouse Gases
3. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
30%
Calving
Importance of ice sheets
Layers of Earth
4. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Mass Budget
30%
Infrared radiation
Archimedes' Principle
5. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Atmospheric Structure
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Melt
Reduction in sea-ice extent
6. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Black Carbon
Ice Sheets
7. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
GHG
Sublimation
8. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
What happens with the Ozone Hole
summer
9. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
The Ozone Hole
Ice-Albedo
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Arctic Atmosphere
10. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Atmospheric Composition
Thermokarst Lake
Ozone
Warming; cooling
11. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
50%
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Mass Balance
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
12. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Affect Floods and Droughts
GHG
Greenland
13. Really measures volume.
Natural Causes of Warming
Sea-Ice Albedo
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Altimetry
14. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thinner atmosphere
The cryosphere
Ice loss
15. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Ice loss
Methane
In the stratosphere.
16. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Surface Mass Balance
Greenhouse Gases
Ozone Hole
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
17. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Increases - decreases
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Sea Ice
Very small portion
18. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
The cryosphere
What effects the density
Active Layer
19. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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20. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ice Sheets
Albedo
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
21. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Closed talik
GHG
Sea Ice
Thermokarst
22. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
In the stratosphere.
doubles
30%
23. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Permafrost
30%
24. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Global warming and hot nights?
Grounding Lines
Agricultural Drought
25. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Shortwave Length
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ozone
26. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Percentile departures
Antarctica
70%
27. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Air pollution
Dry
28. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice/snow
Infrared radiation
Surface Mass Balance
29. Where does the ozone protect us?
Black Carbon
Ice Cap
El Nino
In the stratosphere.
30. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Surface Mass Balance
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Troposphere
doubles
31. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Absolute thresholds
Very small portion
Importance of ice sheets
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
32. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Energy Budget
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Why the Arctic climate is special
33. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Threshold departures
Albedos of Snow and Ice
In the troposphere that we live in.
Meteorological Drought
34. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Agricultural Drought
Ice Motion
Heat wave
35. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Ice Sheets
Greenland
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
36. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Normal condition for air
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
doubles
37. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Active Layer
Stronger
38. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Atmospheric Composition?
Wetter; drier
Antarctica
39. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
20%
Thermokarst
summer
Ice/snow
40. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Permafrost
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
How we measure Mass Balance
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
41. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Layers of Earth
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
45%
How to define a heatwave
42. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Stronger
Indirect heat wave effect
Dynamic thinning
Longwave Radiation
43. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
winter
Heat Source and Pressure
Warm
44. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Once every 4 years.
Active Layer
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice in the Arctic
45. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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46. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
75-OC
Surface Mass Balance
Antarctica
Greenland
47. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Ice loss
Surface Mass Balance
Sea-Ice Albedo
La Nia
48. Measures input and output.
Mass Budget
Importance of ice sheets
Grounding Lines
Dynamic thinning
49. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Energy Budget
Radiative Forcing
What happens with the Ozone Hole
50. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Today melting ice
Once every 4 years.
Ocean water