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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Atmospheric Composition?
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ozone Hole
Talik
2. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Meteorological Drought
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Once every 4 years.
3. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Closed talik
50%
30%
4. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Warming; cooling
Thermokarst Lake
How talik forms under lakes
Negative
5. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Threshold departures
Altimetry Pros
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
6. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice Sheets
Heat wave
How we measure Mass Balance
7. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice loss
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ice Shelf
8. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Thermokarst
Ocean water
Ozone
Reduction in sea-ice extent
9. Amount of light absorbed by surface
All Greenhouse gases
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
50%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
10. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Ice absorbs
reduction in sea-ice
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
11. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice shelf
Hydrological Drought
Black Carbon
12. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Ice Sheets
Affect Floods and Droughts
Questions to think about
13. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sublimation
Ocean water
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
14. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Mass Balance
Meteorological Drought
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
15. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
The cryosphere
Ice Cap
Thermokarst
Radiative Flux
16. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Cloud Feedbacks
Very small portion
Time Variable Gravity
summer
17. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Heat wave
Methane
Mass Balance
18. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Infrared radiation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Antarctica
19. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
75-OC
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Wetter; drier
Ozone Hole
20. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice Sheets
Warm
21. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Energy Budget
Methane
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Normal condition for air
22. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Albedo
Where rise in OC is greatest
How to define a heatwave
Depth v Surface
23. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Heat wave
Mass Change
Closed talik
Time Variable Gravity
24. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Heat wave
Permafrost
Altimetry Pros
25. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
US and precipitation
Thermokarst
Altimetry
The Ozone Hole
26. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Frozen Soil
Importance of ice sheets
Melt
Active Layer
27. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Atmospheric Composition?
Time Variable Gravity
The Ozone Hole
Thermokarst Lake
28. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Surface Mass Balance
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
75-OC
29. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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30. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Agricultural Drought
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Positive
Climate Change in the Arctic
31. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How to define a heatwave
Absolute thresholds
Inversion Layer Summer
32. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Climate Change in the Arctic
Methane
Closed talik
33. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice/snow
Active Layer
34. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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35. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
The cryosphere
Ice Motion
Greenland
36. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Sea Ice
Dry
Affect Floods and Droughts
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
37. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ozone Hole
Precipitation and High Latitudes
38. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Thinner atmosphere
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Radiative Flux
Today melting ice
39. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Open talik
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Antarctica
40. Measures input and output.
Antarctica
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Mass Budget
41. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
IPCC
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Thinner atmosphere
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
42. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Methane
Ice/snow
43. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Permafrost
Ice shelf
44. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Types of Albedo
45%
Shortwave Length
GHG
45. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Agricultural Drought
70%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
46. 240 w/m squared
Agricultural Drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice Discharge
Layers of Earth
47. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Wetter; drier
Types of Albedo
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice Shelf
48. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
20%
Thermohaline Circulation
Increases - decreases
Methane
49. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Ozone Hole
In the troposphere that we live in.
Atmospheric Composition
Once every 4 years.
50. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ice Sheets
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ocean water
Grounding v Surface Melting