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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
US and precipitation
70%
Atmospheric Composition
Questions to think about
2. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Dynamic thinning
Increases - decreases
Ice Discharge
3. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Heat Source and Pressure
IPCC
% of Greenhouse Gases
1 m/yr; 10x
4. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Altimetry Cons
Types of Albedo
Permafrost Degradation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
5. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Heat Source and Pressure
Longwave Radiation
Ice/snow
Altimetry Cons
6. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Wetter; drier
Talik
Carbon Dioxide
Mass Change
7. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Monthly maximums and minimums
Increases - decreases
30%
8. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Altimetry Pros
Surface Mass Balance
70%
50%
9. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Meteorological Drought
Black Carbon
Atmospheric Structure
Precipitation and High Latitudes
10. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Through talik
Ice in the Arctic
Sublimation
11. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Wetter; drier
How to define a heatwave
Thermohaline Circulation
12. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Sea-Ice Albedo
Dry
7%
13. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Monthly maximums and minimums
Thermohaline Circulation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
14. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Warm
Carbon Dioxide
Melt
15. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Active Layer
Thinner atmosphere
Where rise in OC is greatest
Stronger
16. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Frozen Soil
air can warm dramatically
The Ozone Hole
Warm
17. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Permafrost
18. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Global warming and hot nights?
19. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Mass Balance
Inversion Layer Summer
Atmospheric Circulation
Thinner atmosphere
20. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Calving
Absolute thresholds
winter
21. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulation
Where rise in OC is greatest
Absolute thresholds
22. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Atmospheric Composition?
30%
Heat wave
What effects the density
23. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Hydrological Drought
Grounding Lines
Antarctica
24. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Once every 4 years.
Strong
Ice Sheets
25. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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26. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice-Albedo
Where rise in OC is greatest
Surface Mass Balance
27. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
La Nia
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Warming; cooling
28. Really measures volume.
Melt
Antarctica
Altimetry
Climate Change in the Arctic
29. Melting Point decreases
Discontinuous
The cryosphere
.75OC/km-1
Wetter; drier
30. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Ozone Hole
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Inversion Layer Summer
31. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Atmospheric Composition
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice Discharge
Accumulation
32. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Questions to think about
Positive
33. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Energy Budget
Through talik
Thermokarst
Affect Floods and Droughts
34. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Once every 4 years.
Frozen Soil
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermohaline Circulation
35. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
7%
Thermokarst
36. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Energy Budget
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sunspots
Altimetry (height)
37. Amount of light absorbed by surface
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
45%
50%
38. 240 w/m squared
Altimetry (height)
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice/snow
Precipitation and High Latitudes
39. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Talik
Rainy
All Greenhouse gases
.7O Celsius over the past century.
40. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Through talik
Climate Change in the Arctic
.75OC/km-1
Sea-Ice Albedo
41. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Sea Ice
Ice Cap
How talik forms under lakes
42. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Indirect heat wave effect
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ozone Hole
43. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Sunspots
Thermokarst
44. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
70%
Normal condition for air
Ice loss
La Nia
45. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Inversion Layer Winter
Active Layer
Percentile departures
Thermokarst
46. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Altimetry (height)
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice Sheets
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
47. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
1 m/yr; 10x
Cloud Feedbacks
Depth v Surface
Grounding Lines
48. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Increases - decreases
Permafrost
30%
How talik forms under lakes
49. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Absolute thresholds
Atmospheric Composition?
Earth's tilt
Heat Source and Pressure
50. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Active Layer
Increases - decreases
Antarctica
How to define a heatwave