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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure






2. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






3. More common






4. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






5. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.






6. Total absorbed solar radiation






7. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.






8. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






9. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






10. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






11. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






12. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






13. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.






14. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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15. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






16. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






17. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






18. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






19. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






20. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet






21. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






22. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






23. Permafrost- A frozen soil






24. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






25. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






26. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






27. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






28. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






29. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






30. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






31. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






32. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






33. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface






34. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






35. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






36. Where does the ozone protect us?






37. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.






38. High vs low






39. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






40. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






41. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






42. Ocean retains ____ CO2






43. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






44. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






45. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth






46. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century






47. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






48. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






49. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






50. Like weighing oneself on the scale.







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