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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Thermokarst Lake
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Grounding v Surface Melting
2. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Altimetry
Mass Budget
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Albedo
3. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Discontinuous
% of Greenhouse Gases
Agricultural Drought
Thermokarst
4. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Positive feedbacks both found in...
5. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Air pollution
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Agricultural Drought
6. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Methane
Percentile departures
Where rise in OC is greatest
7. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Very small portion
8. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Ice Motion
Calving
30%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
9. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Ozone Hole
Severe coastal erosion
How to define a heatwave
10. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Closed talik
50%
Thermokarst
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
11. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice-Albedo
La Nia
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
12. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
All Greenhouse gases
Shortwave Length
Positive
13. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
air can warm dramatically
Ice in the Arctic
7%
Permafrost Degradation
14. How often does El Nio occur?
Ice loss
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice Cap
Once every 4 years.
15. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Carbon Dioxide
Altimetry Cons
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
air can warm dramatically
16. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
7%
Types of Albedo
75-OC
17. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
What effects the density
Increases - decreases
Antarctica
70%
18. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
30%
Methane
Agricultural Drought
Inversion Layer (feedback)
19. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Negative
Frozen Soil
The cryosphere
Inversion Layer Winter
20. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
In the stratosphere.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Grounding Lines
21. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
25%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
US and precipitation
Ocean water
22. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Ice Motion
El Nino
30%
23. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
How a closed talik forms
Thermokarst Lake
Layers of Earth
Normal condition for air
24. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
IPCC
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
reduction in sea-ice
Open talik
25. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Inversion Layer (feedback)
GHG
Inversion Layer Summer
26. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice Sheets
Ice Shelf
IPCC
27. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nino
El Nio is in the coasts of...
How to define a heatwave
Warm
28. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Time Variable Gravity
How to define a heatwave
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
29. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Antarctica
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
30%
30. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Mass Balance
Very small portion
Today melting ice
Grounding Lines
31. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
75-OC
All Greenhouse gases
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Accumulation
32. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Depth v Surface
Ozone
Surface Mass Balance
33. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
More rain means no drought
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Climate Change in the Arctic
Shortwave Length
34. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Strong
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice loss
In the stratosphere.
35. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Very small portion
Ice-Albedo
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
36. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
The Ozone Hole
Heat wave
Increases - decreases
Ocean water
37. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Methane
What happens with the Ozone Hole
How to define a heatwave
38. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
How a closed talik forms
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Warm
Increases - decreases
39. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Surface Mass Balance
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
40. 85%
Arctic Atmosphere
% of Greenhouse Gases
Sea-Ice Albedo
In the stratosphere.
41. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Discontinuous
Ozone Hole
Ocean water
42. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Atmospheric Composition
Altimetry (height)
Mass Budget
Why the Arctic climate is special
43. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Arctic Atmosphere
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
44. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Stronger
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Radiative Flux
1 m/yr; 10x
45. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Earth's tilt
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Strong
46. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Indirect heat wave effect
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
47. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Closed talik
Radiative Forcing
Black Carbon
Thermohaline Circulation
48. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Positive
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
30%
Positive feedbacks both found in...
49. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Ice loss
Permafrost
Negative
50. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
How talik forms under lakes
Black Carbon
Ice-Albedo
Permafrost Degradation