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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Arctic Atmosphere
Heat wave
Air pollution
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
2. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Surface Mass Balance
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Layers of Earth
3. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Positive
Permafrost
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
4. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Depth v Surface
Affect Floods and Droughts
In the stratosphere.
Where rise in OC is greatest
5. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Archimedes' Principle
Methane
Meteorological Drought
Indirect heat wave effect
6. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ice Sheets
Very small portion
Carbon Dioxide
7. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Permafrost
Percentile departures
Severe coastal erosion
8. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
reduction in sea-ice
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
What effects the density
9. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
The cryosphere
10. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Ice loss
Ice shelf
Longwave Radiation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
11. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Altimetry (height)
Ice Cap
Layers of Earth
In the stratosphere.
12. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
IPCC
Importance of ice sheets
45%
13. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Inversion Layer Winter
Atmospheric Composition?
Albedo
Ozone
14. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Sheets
La Nia
Atmospheric Structure
15. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Stronger
Ice loss
Grounding Lines
Arctic Atmosphere
16. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Layers of Earth
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Carbon Dioxide
17. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Increases - decreases
Absolute thresholds
Normal condition for air
18. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Altimetry Cons
Atmospheric Composition
GHG
% of Greenhouse Gases
19. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
The Ozone Hole
Warming; cooling
Albedo
Sunspots
20. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Greenland
Altimetry Pros
Ice shelf
What effects the density
21. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
45%
Grounding Lines
Greenland
22. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Cloud Feedbacks
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
50%
Ice loss
23. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
How a closed talik forms
25%
Ozone Hole
Positive feedbacks both found in...
24. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Methane
50%
25. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Energy Budget
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Importance of ice sheets
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
26. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Infrared radiation
Altimetry
1 m/yr; 10x
All Greenhouse gases
27. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Calving
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
30%
28. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Shortwave Length
29. Really measures volume.
Closed talik
Altimetry
Severe coastal erosion
Sublimation
30. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Dynamic thinning
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Talik
Precipitation and High Latitudes
31. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Today melting ice
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Thermohaline Circulation
summer
32. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
What effects the density
30%
More rain means no drought
Ocean water
33. The Earth emits this.
Radiative Forcing
Cloud Feedbacks
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Longwave Radiation
34. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Layers of Earth
Talik
Very small portion
Through talik
35. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
70%
Greenland
.75OC/km-1
Normal condition for air
36. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Mass Budget
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Importance of ice sheets
37. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
How to define a heatwave
Thermokarst Lake
Surface Mass Balance
Through talik
38. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Antarctica
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Thermokarst
reduction in sea-ice
39. Where does the ozone protect us?
Ice loss
Greenland
In the stratosphere.
Climate Change in the Arctic
40. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Inversion Layer Summer
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Active Layer
41. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
50%
Greenhouse Gases
Talik
How we measure Mass Balance
42. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice Cap
Hydrological Drought
43. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Inversion Layer Winter
70%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Thermokarst
44. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Closed talik
In the troposphere that we live in.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
45. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Thermokarst Lake
Sublimation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
46. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Ice Shelf
Altimetry Pros
US and precipitation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
47. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Through talik
Carbon Dioxide
In the troposphere that we live in.
Negative
48. Melting Point decreases
Antarctica
Once every 4 years.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
.75OC/km-1
49. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ocean water
How a closed talik forms
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
50. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Surface Mass Balance
Methane
50%
Warm
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