SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
The cryosphere
In the troposphere that we live in.
Permafrost Degradation
2. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ozone Hole
Stronger
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
3. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Altimetry
How we measure Mass Balance
Importance of ice sheets
4. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
How to define a heatwave
Atmospheric Composition?
Open talik
IPCC
5. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Climate Change in the Arctic
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
6. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Methane
Hydrological Drought
Strong
7. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Depth v Surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
El Nino
More rain means no drought
8. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Rainy
Precipitation and High Latitudes
9. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Active Layer
10. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Mass Budget
Closed talik
Dry
Methane
11. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Ice-Albedo
Positive
45%
12. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thermokarst
Ice-Albedo
13. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Ice Motion
Natural Causes of Warming
Open talik
Mass Change
14. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Archimedes' Principle
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ocean water
15. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Absolute thresholds
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Dry
What happens with the Ozone Hole
16. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Sublimation
Talik
Ice Cap
17. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Agricultural Drought
How a closed talik forms
Antarctica
Why the Arctic climate is special
18. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Longwave Radiation
Altimetry (height)
US and precipitation
19. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Heat wave
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Antarctica
20. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Radiative Forcing
Thermokarst Lake
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
21. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Radiative Forcing
How to define a heatwave
Dynamic thinning
Questions to think about
22. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Ice Discharge
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Thinner atmosphere
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
23. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
US and precipitation
Surface Mass Balance
Ice in the Arctic
24. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
25. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Mass Change
Active Layer
Increases - decreases
45%
26. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Sublimation
Normal condition for air
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Agricultural Drought
27. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Black Carbon
Rainy
28. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Methane
Mass Change
How a closed talik forms
29. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Thermohaline Circulation
Altimetry (height)
The Ozone Hole
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
30. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Hydrological Drought
Positive feedbacks both found in...
The cryosphere
Cloud Feedbacks
31. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Atmospheric Circulation
Through talik
Atmospheric Structure
32. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermokarst Lake
Percentile departures
Closed talik
33. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Ice Cap
Active Layer
Questions to think about
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
34. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Talik
More rain means no drought
25%
1 m/yr; 10x
35. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Agricultural Drought
The cryosphere
Shortwave Length
Altimetry (height)
36. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Agricultural Drought
Inversion Layer Summer
37. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Methane
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Greenland
Thermokarst Lake
38. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Sea Ice
Talik
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice/snow
39. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Today melting ice
More rain means no drought
Albedo
Indirect heat wave effect
40. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Hydrological Drought
Closed talik
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice Sheets
41. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermokarst
Time Variable Gravity
Dynamic thinning
42. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
GHG
Layers of Earth
La Nia
Antarctica
43. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Ozone
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
44. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Ice Sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermohaline Circulation
45. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Thermokarst
Surface Mass Balance
reduction in sea-ice
30%
46. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Today melting ice
Heat Source and Pressure
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Stronger
47. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ocean water
Warm
Strong
48. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice Sheets
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
75-OC
49. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Inversion Layer Summer
Permafrost
Sea Ice
Infrared radiation
50. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
How we measure Mass Balance
Severe coastal erosion
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Time Variable Gravity