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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Less frequent and weaker
Hydrological Drought
Inversion Layer Summer
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Air pollution
2. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Archimedes' Principle
Ozone
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
3. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Thinner atmosphere
Inversion Layer Summer
Normal condition for air
Ice Cap
4. How often does El Nio occur?
Closed talik
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Once every 4 years.
5. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Through talik
Threshold departures
Ocean water
6. Really measures volume.
Ice Motion
In the stratosphere.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Altimetry
7. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ice Cap
Ice loss
Ozone Hole
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
8. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Frozen Soil
Agricultural Drought
air can warm dramatically
9. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Atmospheric Composition?
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Normal condition for air
10. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Stronger
Ice loss
Dry
11. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Meteorological Drought
Rainy
Stronger
12. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Ocean water
Carbon Dioxide
Talik
Discontinuous
13. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Increases - decreases
Radiative Flux
Permafrost
14. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Open talik
Altimetry Cons
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice-Albedo
15. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
summer
How a closed talik forms
Active Layer
16. Measures input and output.
Ice/snow
Mass Budget
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Albedos of Snow and Ice
17. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Ice Sheets
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Stronger
18. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Surface Mass Balance
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Today melting ice
19. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
reduction in sea-ice
US and precipitation
Surface Mass Balance
20. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Open talik
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
What effects the density
21. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Shortwave Length
Discontinuous
Depth v Surface
How talik forms under lakes
22. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Shortwave Length
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Atmospheric Circulation
1 m/yr; 10x
23. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Very small portion
How talik forms under lakes
24. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Energy Budget
Antarctica
GHG
Sea Ice
25. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Meteorological Drought
Ocean water
The Ozone Hole
Altimetry Cons
26. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Closed talik
Ozone Hole
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
27. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
summer
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
In the stratosphere.
28. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Frozen Soil
Ocean water
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Positive feedbacks both found in...
29. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Atmospheric Circulation
Black Carbon
Today melting ice
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
30. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Ice Cap
More rain means no drought
Atmospheric Structure
50%
31. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Positive
What happens with the Ozone Hole
32. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Accumulation
Through talik
More rain means no drought
Ozone
33. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Importance of ice sheets
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Permafrost
34. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Ice absorbs
Thermohaline Circulation
Precipitation and High Latitudes
50%
35. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
The Ozone Hole
doubles
Ice absorbs
Grounding v Surface Melting
36. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
75-OC
Permafrost
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
37. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
30%
Infrared radiation
Active Layer
Precipitation and High Latitudes
38. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
Frozen Soil
Ocean water
Increases - decreases
39. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ozone
Hydrological Drought
Shortwave Length
40. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Percentile departures
Altimetry Pros
Indirect heat wave effect
41. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Meteorological Drought
75-OC
Ice shelf
Atmospheric Circulation
42. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
How a closed talik forms
Severe coastal erosion
Thermokarst Lake
43. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
What effects the density
20%
Ice-Albedo
Reduction in sea-ice extent
44. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Surface Mass Balance
Time Variable Gravity
Thinner atmosphere
Global warming and hot nights?
45. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
US and precipitation
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Infrared radiation
46. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Atmospheric Composition?
Through talik
Strong
47. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Arctic Atmosphere
IPCC
Surface Mass Balance
48. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Percentile departures
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice Motion
Ozone
49. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Archimedes' Principle
Importance of ice sheets
45%
Hydrological Drought
50. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thermokarst
Ocean water
Sunspots