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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Affect Floods and Droughts
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Sea-Ice Albedo
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
2. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Grounding Lines
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Stronger
Altimetry Pros
3. High vs low
Inversion Layer Summer
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Cloud Feedbacks
Dynamic thinning
4. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Stronger
Mass Balance
5. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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6. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ice Shelf
Talik
Ozone
El Nino
7. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
Grounding v Surface Melting
Altimetry Cons
Mass Budget
8. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Ice Sheets
US and precipitation
reduction in sea-ice
How to define a heatwave
9. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Through talik
Grounding Lines
Ice Sheets
Dry
10. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Natural Causes of Warming
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Radiative Forcing
11. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
La Nia
Dynamic thinning
Time Variable Gravity
In the stratosphere.
12. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Altimetry
Ice Discharge
More rain means no drought
Ice absorbs
13. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Surface Mass Balance
1 m/yr; 10x
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
How to define a heatwave
14. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Through talik
Dry
El Nio is in the coasts of...
15. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Greenhouse Gases
45%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
16. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Layers of Earth
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Radiative Forcing
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
17. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Troposphere
Mass Change
What effects the density
Methane
18. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Natural Causes of Warming
Thermokarst Lake
19. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Archimedes' Principle
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Active Layer
Atmospheric Composition?
20. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Threshold departures
Time Variable Gravity
Surface Mass Balance
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
21. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Ocean water
Infrared radiation
30%
More rain means no drought
22. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Dry
Increases - decreases
Calving
Normal condition for air
23. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Calving
How to define a heatwave
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
24. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Atmospheric Structure
Thermokarst Lake
Reduction in sea-ice extent
25. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Altimetry Cons
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Questions to think about
Open talik
26. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
GHG
reduction in sea-ice
Ice shelf
Thermokarst Lake
27. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Normal condition for air
Global warming and hot nights?
Grounding v Surface Melting
28. Amount of light absorbed by surface
GHG
Climate Change in the Arctic
Inversion Layer (feedback)
50%
29. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Ice in the Arctic
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Mass Budget
30. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice loss
.75OC/km-1
31. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Methane
What effects the density
Surface Mass Balance
Ice absorbs
32. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Negative
summer
Earth's tilt
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
33. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ozone Hole
Reduction in sea-ice extent
34. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
GHG
Radiative Forcing
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
35. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Ocean water
Stronger
Troposphere
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
36. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
reduction in sea-ice
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice-Albedo
Methane
37. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Permafrost Degradation
Sea Ice
How to define a heatwave
38. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Heat wave
Ice-Albedo
Ice Sheets
39. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Once every 4 years.
Types of Albedo
Thermokarst
Permafrost
40. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Shortwave Length
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice loss
41. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
30%
Affect Floods and Droughts
42. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice/snow
Permafrost
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
43. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Radiative Forcing
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Altimetry
44. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Mass Balance
20%
Warming; cooling
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
45. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Agricultural Drought
Depth v Surface
Atmospheric Structure
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
46. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Calving
Questions to think about
Infrared radiation
Atmospheric Composition?
47. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ice Discharge
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice Sheets
Ice-Albedo
48. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Arctic Atmosphere
Climate Change in the Arctic
Dry
49. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Once every 4 years.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice Sheets
Active Layer
50. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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