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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice Cap
Ice in the Arctic
2. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice in the Arctic
3. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulation
reduction in sea-ice
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
4. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Types of Albedo
Thinner atmosphere
Time Variable Gravity
5. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Stronger
Ice Discharge
Warm
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
6. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Energy Budget
Antarctica
Types of Albedo
7. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ozone Hole
Percentile departures
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
8. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
La Nia
Methane
Ozone
9. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
GHG
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ice shelf
What effects the density
10. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
What effects the density
Depth v Surface
Ice Cap
In the troposphere that we live in.
11. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
What effects the density
Permafrost Degradation
The cryosphere
Surface Mass Balance
12. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Altimetry
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Sea-Ice Albedo
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
13. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Normal condition for air
Ozone
Open talik
Thermokarst
14. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Surface Mass Balance
1 m/yr; 10x
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulation
15. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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16. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Severe coastal erosion
Ice/snow
La Nia
Warming; cooling
17. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Thermohaline Circulation
Warm
Methane
Altimetry Pros
18. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Longwave Radiation
Time Variable Gravity
Discontinuous
Surface Mass Balance
19. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Antarctica
Today melting ice
Talik
20. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Air pollution
The cryosphere
Ice Motion
Heat wave
21. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
20%
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice in the Arctic
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
22. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Warming; cooling
Active Layer
Cloud Feedbacks
Methane
23. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Atmospheric Composition
Ice Shelf
Ice Discharge
24. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Mass Balance
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Melt
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
25. High vs low
Altimetry
Air pollution
Cloud Feedbacks
Precipitation and High Latitudes
26. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
doubles
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ice-Ocean Interactions
27. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Ice Sheets
Energy Budget
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
28. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Global warming and hot nights?
How a closed talik forms
Meteorological Drought
29. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Grounding v Surface Melting
How a closed talik forms
Where rise in OC is greatest
30. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Thermohaline Circulation
Sunspots
Dynamic thinning
31. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice in the Arctic
Grounding Lines
Mass Budget
32. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
How a closed talik forms
Heat Source and Pressure
Warming; cooling
33. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice loss
Accumulation
Antarctica
Ice shelf
34. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
25%
Sea Ice
Affect Floods and Droughts
Melt
35. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Methane
Indirect heat wave effect
Talik
36. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Radiative Forcing
GHG
Positive
How to define a heatwave
37. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Thermokarst Lake
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Inversion Layer (feedback)
38. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
The Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Ice shelf
Sea Ice
39. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Ice-Albedo
Through talik
Questions to think about
Black Carbon
40. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
air can warm dramatically
Longwave Radiation
reduction in sea-ice
Sublimation
41. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Wetter; drier
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
winter
Where rise in OC is greatest
42. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
Agricultural Drought
Ocean water
Layers of Earth
43. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Reduction in sea-ice extent
All Greenhouse gases
Altimetry
44. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Wetter; drier
45. How often does El Nio occur?
Surface Mass Balance
Once every 4 years.
25%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
46. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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47. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Archimedes' Principle
La Nia
Thermohaline Circulation
Once every 4 years.
48. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Types of Albedo
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Wetter; drier
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
49. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice-Albedo
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Thermokarst Lake
50. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Ice in the Arctic
7%
30%