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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Grounding Lines
Monthly maximums and minimums
US and precipitation
2. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Mass Balance
Precipitation and High Latitudes
winter
3. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Percentile departures
Methane
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
4. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Radiative Flux
Warming; cooling
Radiative Forcing
5. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Very small portion
Threshold departures
Calving
Ice/snow
6. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Inversion Layer Summer
Atmospheric Circulation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
7. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Warming; cooling
% of Greenhouse Gases
Antarctica
Mass Balance
8. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Importance of ice sheets
Calving
9. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
In the stratosphere.
Mass Change
Methane
Thermohaline Circulation
10. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Active Layer
Precipitation and High Latitudes
IPCC
11. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Meteorological Drought
Talik
Sublimation
Ice Sheets
12. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Albedo
Through talik
Dry
Climate Change in the Arctic
13. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Closed talik
Methane
Agricultural Drought
Thermokarst Lake
14. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Ice in the Arctic
The Ozone Hole
IPCC
reduction in sea-ice
15. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
70%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Natural Causes of Warming
Archimedes' Principle
16. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Troposphere
Atmospheric Composition?
Black Carbon
17. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Atmospheric Composition?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Active Layer
18. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Ice Motion
Stronger
Frozen Soil
19. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Permafrost
Discontinuous
20. The Earth emits this.
Mass Budget
Heat Source and Pressure
Longwave Radiation
Indirect heat wave effect
21. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Increases - decreases
Frozen Soil
Greenland
22. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Absolute thresholds
Calving
Sunspots
Thinner atmosphere
23. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Altimetry Cons
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ice Discharge
24. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Ice shelf
Surface Mass Balance
Where rise in OC is greatest
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
25. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Energy Budget
Albedo
Questions to think about
El Nio is in the coasts of...
26. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Air pollution
Atmospheric Circulation
Sea Ice
Today melting ice
27. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
30%
Ice-Albedo
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
28. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Antarctica
Time Variable Gravity
How talik forms under lakes
29. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Altimetry (height)
Albedo
What effects the density
30. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Percentile departures
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice in the Arctic
Open talik
31. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
75-OC
Frozen Soil
Methane
32. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Thermohaline Circulation
Indirect heat wave effect
Sublimation
reduction in sea-ice
33. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Where rise in OC is greatest
Active Layer
Methane
Permafrost
34. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Thermokarst
Melt
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
35. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Ice/snow
Earth's tilt
Atmospheric Composition?
36. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Positive
Albedo
Thermohaline Circulation
Time Variable Gravity
37. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
More rain means no drought
Active Layer
Thermokarst
Ice Motion
38. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Radiative Forcing
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
39. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Affect Floods and Droughts
40. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Ice Discharge
1 m/yr; 10x
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
How talik forms under lakes
41. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Surface Mass Balance
Layers of Earth
Negative
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
42. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Arctic Atmosphere
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Very small portion
43. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Longwave Radiation
Frozen Soil
Surface Mass Balance
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
44. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Heat Source and Pressure
25%
20%
How to define a heatwave
45. More common
Grounding Lines
Air pollution
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Inversion Layer Winter
46. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Rainy
Thinner atmosphere
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
47. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Mass Balance
Strong
Radiative Flux
48. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Mass Budget
Atmospheric Composition
In the stratosphere.
How talik forms under lakes
49. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Black Carbon
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Once every 4 years.
Ice in the Arctic
50. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Climate Change in the Arctic
How a closed talik forms
Meteorological Drought
Ice Cap
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