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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Types of Albedo
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
All Greenhouse gases
2. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
The cryosphere
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Positive
Cloud Feedbacks
3. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
How a closed talik forms
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Mass Budget
4. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Absolute thresholds
Ice-Albedo
Ice shelf
5. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Accumulation
Precipitation and High Latitudes
How we measure Mass Balance
6. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
summer
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Accumulation
Energy Budget
7. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Warming; cooling
Ice absorbs
Troposphere
8. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Antarctica
Altimetry
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
9. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
air can warm dramatically
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
What effects the density
10. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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11. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
70%
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
US and precipitation
12. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Dry
IPCC
Ice absorbs
Precipitation and High Latitudes
13. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Active Layer
Altimetry Pros
75-OC
Increases - decreases
14. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Climate Change in the Arctic
30%
Ice Sheets
Types of Albedo
15. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
La Nia
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Climate Change in the Arctic
16. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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17. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Thermohaline Circulation
Sunspots
Radiative Forcing
GHG
18. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Altimetry Pros
Ice in the Arctic
GHG
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
19. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Severe coastal erosion
In the troposphere that we live in.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
El Nio is in the coasts of...
20. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
7%
Altimetry
Ocean water
21. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Atmospheric Structure
Ice-Albedo
How to define a heatwave
22. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Infrared radiation
Troposphere
Energy Budget
23. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Dry
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
24. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Antarctica
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ozone Hole
25. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thermohaline Circulation
Hydrological Drought
26. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Absolute thresholds
What happens with the Ozone Hole
27. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
More rain means no drought
Absolute thresholds
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
28. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Surface Mass Balance
Mass Budget
Carbon Dioxide
29. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Surface Mass Balance
Radiative Flux
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Normal condition for air
30. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Ice Sheets
Thermokarst
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Active Layer
31. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Ice in the Arctic
Ozone Hole
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Very small portion
32. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Wetter; drier
Ice loss
Thinner atmosphere
The cryosphere
33. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Atmospheric Composition?
Altimetry Pros
Thermohaline Circulation
Threshold departures
34. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Greenhouse Gases
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Wetter; drier
35. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Atmospheric Structure
Methane
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
45%
36. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Altimetry Pros
Ozone Hole
Why the Arctic climate is special
37. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Methane
Today melting ice
Ice absorbs
38. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Permafrost
Heat Source and Pressure
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
20%
39. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Inversion Layer Summer
Through talik
Sea-Ice Albedo
40. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
La Nia
Closed talik
Surface Mass Balance
75-OC
41. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Altimetry Cons
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
The cryosphere
42. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Warm
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
43. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Altimetry Pros
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
30%
44. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Arctic Atmosphere
Depth v Surface
Heat wave
45. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Rainy
Thermohaline Circulation
Negative
46. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
50%
Ozone
La Nia
Warm
47. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
20%
Positive feedbacks both found in...
1 m/yr; 10x
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
48. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Ocean water
Strong
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Mass Change
49. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Air pollution
Frozen Soil
US and precipitation
Calving
50. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
75-OC
What happens with the Ozone Hole