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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
summer
doubles
30%
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
2. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Black Carbon
25%
50%
Carbon Dioxide
3. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Cloud Feedbacks
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
4. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
1 m/yr; 10x
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Altimetry (height)
El Nio is in the coasts of...
5. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Mass Change
Thermokarst
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Very small portion
6. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Ozone Hole
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Indirect heat wave effect
Grounding Lines
7. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Altimetry Cons
Absolute thresholds
Ice-Albedo
Ice loss
8. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Warming; cooling
Meteorological Drought
Today melting ice
Methane
9. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice/snow
Talik
How talik forms under lakes
10. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Atmospheric Structure
air can warm dramatically
Accumulation
11. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Increases - decreases
Mass Change
Hydrological Drought
Inversion Layer Summer
12. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Methane
Ice Shelf
Greenhouse Gases
13. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atmospheric Composition?
Ice loss
Threshold departures
14. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Thermokarst
Sea Ice
Atmospheric Structure
15. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
In the stratosphere.
Climate Change in the Arctic
70%
Air pollution
16. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Ice Cap
Agricultural Drought
25%
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
17. How much is the planet really warming?
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Grounding Lines
How a closed talik forms
18. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Sublimation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Inversion Layer (feedback)
19. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Today melting ice
Ice shelf
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice-Ocean Interactions
20. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Radiative Forcing
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Thermohaline Circulation
21. Total absorbed solar radiation
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Indirect heat wave effect
70%
summer
22. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Archimedes' Principle
Percentile departures
Thermohaline Circulation
23. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Agricultural Drought
Greenhouse Gases
Through talik
24. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Atmospheric Structure
IPCC
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thinner atmosphere
25. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Ozone
Positive feedbacks both found in...
The Ozone Hole
Agricultural Drought
26. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Warming; cooling
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Albedo
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
27. How often does El Nio occur?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Discontinuous
Ice-Albedo
Once every 4 years.
28. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
The Ozone Hole
Antarctica
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Active Layer
29. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Altimetry
Dry
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
30. The Earth emits this.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Longwave Radiation
Wetter; drier
Ice Sheets
31. Melting Point decreases
Grounding Lines
Inversion Layer (feedback)
.75OC/km-1
Questions to think about
32. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Atmospheric Composition
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Sunspots
30%
33. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Stronger
Warming; cooling
Radiative Forcing
34. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
air can warm dramatically
35. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Grounding v Surface Melting
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Monthly maximums and minimums
36. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
winter
Threshold departures
Natural Causes of Warming
Rainy
37. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Altimetry Pros
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ice shelf
75-OC
38. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Radiative Forcing
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Heat wave
39. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermokarst Lake
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Wetter; drier
40. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Time Variable Gravity
Natural Causes of Warming
Sublimation
Stronger
41. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ozone Hole
7%
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Inversion Layer (feedback)
42. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Types of Albedo
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Methane
43. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Positive
44. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Antarctica
Global warming and hot nights?
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thinner atmosphere
45. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice Motion
46. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Ozone Hole
Severe coastal erosion
reduction in sea-ice
47. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
All Greenhouse gases
Infrared radiation
La Nia
Thermokarst
48. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice absorbs
Natural Causes of Warming
49. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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50. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
7%
Radiative Forcing
Absolute thresholds