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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Ozone Hole
45%
Positive
2. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Altimetry (height)
Stronger
Thermokarst Lake
3. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Grounding Lines
Melt
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulation
4. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Ozone
Discontinuous
Ice-Albedo
Antarctica
5. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Altimetry
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thermokarst
6. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
winter
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Very small portion
7. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Infrared radiation
Inversion Layer Winter
Importance of ice sheets
45%
8. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Sunspots
Warming; cooling
Arctic Atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
9. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Troposphere
Ice-Albedo
Inversion Layer Summer
10. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Carbon Dioxide
Active Layer
Ice in the Arctic
11. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Wetter; drier
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Grounding Lines
12. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Questions to think about
Today melting ice
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
The Ozone Hole
13. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Hydrological Drought
Very small portion
Thinner atmosphere
Questions to think about
14. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
15. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ice Shelf
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Surface Mass Balance
Positive feedbacks both found in...
16. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Altimetry Cons
Earth's tilt
Affect Floods and Droughts
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
17. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Energy Budget
70%
Climate Change in the Arctic
Antarctica
18. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Composition?
Radiative Flux
Hydrological Drought
19. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Atmospheric Circulation
Accumulation
reduction in sea-ice
Thermohaline Circulation
20. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Percentile departures
Once every 4 years.
% of Greenhouse Gases
21. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Ice Sheets
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Permafrost
Ozone Hole
22. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Active Layer
Greenhouse Gases
Affect Floods and Droughts
23. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Warming; cooling
Atmospheric Composition
7%
24. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ocean water
Sea Ice
Discontinuous
25. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Inversion Layer (feedback)
26. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Surface Mass Balance
Earth's tilt
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Through talik
27. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Sea Ice
Grounding Lines
Frozen Soil
Rainy
28. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
GHG
Ice shelf
Wetter; drier
50%
29. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Melt
Percentile departures
Mass Change
Dynamic thinning
30. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
air can warm dramatically
Thermokarst Lake
Affect Floods and Droughts
31. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Thermokarst Lake
Permafrost
Infrared radiation
32. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Surface Mass Balance
33. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Sublimation
winter
Ocean water
Ice Shelf
34. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Ice shelf
Warming; cooling
Ice Discharge
Ice Motion
35. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Depth v Surface
Affect Floods and Droughts
Archimedes' Principle
36. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Active Layer
Altimetry Cons
Negative
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
37. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ozone Hole
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice Sheets
38. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
.75OC/km-1
Permafrost
Questions to think about
Severe coastal erosion
39. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
.7O Celsius over the past century.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
How talik forms under lakes
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
40. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
How to define a heatwave
Indirect heat wave effect
Once every 4 years.
Affect Floods and Droughts
41. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Troposphere
Atmospheric Circulation
Calving
Open talik
42. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Warming; cooling
air can warm dramatically
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Layers of Earth
43. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
reduction in sea-ice
Warm
Depth v Surface
44. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Increases - decreases
Sublimation
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice absorbs
45. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermokarst
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
summer
46. High vs low
30%
GHG
Cloud Feedbacks
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
47. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Today melting ice
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ozone
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
48. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Depth v Surface
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
49. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
In the troposphere that we live in.
US and precipitation
30%
50. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
Heat Source and Pressure
Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance