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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Ice shelf
Monthly maximums and minimums
Permafrost
Ice Shelf
2. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Global warming and hot nights?
The Ozone Hole
Accumulation
Sublimation
3. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Atmospheric Composition
Sublimation
Methane
4. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
70%
Meteorological Drought
How to define a heatwave
5. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice loss
How a closed talik forms
What effects the density
6. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Monthly maximums and minimums
Heat wave
Grounding Lines
7. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Energy Budget
Thermohaline Circulation
Carbon Dioxide
Albedos of Snow and Ice
8. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
winter
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
9. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
winter
Questions to think about
Ice Discharge
Ozone Hole
10. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Percentile departures
Types of Albedo
11. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Troposphere
Permafrost Degradation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
12. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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13. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Carbon Dioxide
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Normal condition for air
Layers of Earth
14. Really measures volume.
Natural Causes of Warming
Altimetry
Thermokarst
Agricultural Drought
15. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
25%
Altimetry
Air pollution
16. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Mass Balance
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
air can warm dramatically
17. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Types of Albedo
Thermokarst
Sunspots
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
18. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Surface Mass Balance
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ozone Hole
19. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Atmospheric Structure
Where rise in OC is greatest
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Inversion Layer Summer
20. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Today melting ice
Warm
Surface Mass Balance
Methane
21. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Shortwave Length
Why the Arctic climate is special
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Sea Ice
22. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
GHG
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Percentile departures
Heat wave
23. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Greenhouse Gases
Ice-Albedo
24. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Dynamic thinning
Sea-Ice Albedo
Reduction in sea-ice extent
El Nino
25. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
How a closed talik forms
GHG
Surface Mass Balance
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
26. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Heat Source and Pressure
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulation
27. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Thermokarst
Atmospheric Structure
El Nino
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Altimetry
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Frozen Soil
29. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Ice Sheets
Greenland
Altimetry (height)
Negative
30. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Stronger
Climate Change in the Arctic
Ice Sheets
Methane
31. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Surface Mass Balance
IPCC
Wetter; drier
Permafrost
32. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
7%
Altimetry Cons
How talik forms under lakes
Calving
33. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Surface Mass Balance
Sublimation
Radiative Forcing
Thermokarst
34. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
What effects the density
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Infrared radiation
Sea Ice
35. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
How a closed talik forms
Active Layer
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
36. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
IPCC
Melt
What happens with the Ozone Hole
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
37. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Normal condition for air
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Atmospheric Composition
38. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Albedo
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Greenhouse Gases
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
39. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Questions to think about
Positive feedbacks both found in...
summer
Methane
40. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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41. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice absorbs
42. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
doubles
reduction in sea-ice
30%
43. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Accumulation
Ocean water
Radiative Flux
44. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Atmospheric Structure
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Air pollution
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
45. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
GHG
Sea Ice
46. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
Ice Cap
Accumulation
Absolute thresholds
47. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Negative
70%
Troposphere
Threshold departures
48. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Surface Mass Balance
Climate Change in the Arctic
Active Layer
49. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Earth's tilt
Global warming and hot nights?
Sunspots
Ice-Ocean Interactions
50. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Strong
winter
Talik
Severe coastal erosion