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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Surface Mass Balance
Ice-Albedo
How to define a heatwave
Greenland
2. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
How to define a heatwave
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Stronger
Talik
3. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Permafrost
Mass Balance
4. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Ice absorbs
Mass Balance
Arctic Atmosphere
Atmospheric Composition
5. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
Permafrost
Wetter; drier
GHG
6. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Calving
Radiative Forcing
7. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Ice-Ocean Interactions
More rain means no drought
Altimetry Cons
8. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Severe coastal erosion
Thermokarst
Radiative Flux
Accumulation
9. 240 w/m squared
Frozen Soil
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Shortwave Length
10. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Thermohaline Circulation
Antarctica
Heat wave
air can warm dramatically
11. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Where rise in OC is greatest
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice Sheets
Greenhouse Gases
12. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Agricultural Drought
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice Sheets
13. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
US and precipitation
Negative
14. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Accumulation
Increases - decreases
Where rise in OC is greatest
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
15. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Hydrological Drought
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
75-OC
Air pollution
16. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Altimetry
Albedo
Altimetry Cons
Ice in the Arctic
17. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Altimetry
Talik
Melt
18. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Permafrost Degradation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
45%
19. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Warming; cooling
Ice-Albedo
Thinner atmosphere
Warm
20. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Ice Sheets
Ice/snow
Dry
Severe coastal erosion
21. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
.75OC/km-1
Altimetry (height)
Ice absorbs
22. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
The cryosphere
Mass Budget
Time Variable Gravity
23. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Positive
Air pollution
GHG
30%
24. 85%
Inversion Layer Summer
Sea-Ice Albedo
Albedo
Today melting ice
25. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
50%
Ice shelf
Why the Arctic climate is special
Frozen Soil
26. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Radiative Flux
30%
La Nia
27. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Archimedes' Principle
summer
Active Layer
28. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Methane
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice absorbs
29. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
50%
IPCC
Ozone Hole
Talik
30. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Energy Budget
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
All Greenhouse gases
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
31. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Permafrost Degradation
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice Sheets
32. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermokarst
Permafrost
Types of Albedo
33. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Warm
Today melting ice
Altimetry Cons
34. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Energy Budget
Permafrost
Earth's tilt
35. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Motion
Greenland
Thermohaline Circulatoin
36. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Carbon Dioxide
Strong
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
37. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Surface Mass Balance
Time Variable Gravity
Antarctica
38. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Today melting ice
Ice Cap
Ozone
The cryosphere
39. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Grounding v Surface Melting
Warm
Cloud Feedbacks
40. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Antarctica
Negative
summer
Thinner atmosphere
41. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Frozen Soil
How a closed talik forms
Troposphere
Grounding Lines
42. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Threshold departures
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ice Motion
Ice Sheets
43. High vs low
GHG
Thermokarst
Cloud Feedbacks
Talik
44. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice-Albedo
45. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Ice-Albedo
Albedo
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Positive feedbacks both found in...
46. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
US and precipitation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice loss
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
47. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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48. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Ice Discharge
Inversion Layer (feedback)
30%
Ice shelf
49. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Depth v Surface
La Nia
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Open talik
50. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Dynamic thinning
Greenhouse Gases
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice Cap