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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Inversion Layer Summer
Thermohaline Circulation
Percentile departures
2. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice/snow
Heat Source and Pressure
3. High vs low
Earth's tilt
The Ozone Hole
Cloud Feedbacks
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
4. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
doubles
What happens with the Ozone Hole
5. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
GHG
Carbon Dioxide
Atmospheric Circulation
6. More common
Percentile departures
Inversion Layer Winter
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Air pollution
7. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
US and precipitation
Warm
Mass Budget
8. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
Ice absorbs
.75OC/km-1
More rain means no drought
9. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
How a closed talik forms
Closed talik
Sea Ice
Warming; cooling
10. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Altimetry Cons
Arctic Atmosphere
30%
50%
11. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Grounding Lines
Ice loss
Heat Source and Pressure
12. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Ice Discharge
winter
Energy Budget
13. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Thinner atmosphere
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
14. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Time Variable Gravity
Grounding Lines
Closed talik
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
15. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Greenland
Grounding Lines
La Nia
16. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
45%
Ice absorbs
Closed talik
Ice loss
17. The Earth emits this.
The Ozone Hole
Longwave Radiation
US and precipitation
Methane
18. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Absolute thresholds
1 m/yr; 10x
Grounding Lines
Radiative Forcing
19. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
In the troposphere that we live in.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
More rain means no drought
Ocean water
20. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Ice loss
reduction in sea-ice
Rainy
Increases - decreases
21. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Stronger
Thermohaline Circulation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Antarctica
22. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Greenhouse Gases
Longwave Radiation
Normal condition for air
23. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Grounding v Surface Melting
Greenland
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
24. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
El Nio is in the coasts of...
.75OC/km-1
Archimedes' Principle
25. Where does the ozone protect us?
Inversion Layer Summer
In the stratosphere.
Albedo
How talik forms under lakes
26. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
How to define a heatwave
Altimetry Cons
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ozone Hole
27. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ice shelf
1 m/yr; 10x
28. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Sunspots
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
doubles
The Ozone Hole
29. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Sunspots
Cloud Feedbacks
Grounding v Surface Melting
30. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Threshold departures
Sunspots
Infrared radiation
Greenhouse Gases
31. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Energy Budget
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Atmospheric Composition
32. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Sublimation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Altimetry (height)
Rainy
33. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Ice shelf
Altimetry Pros
Altimetry
Sublimation
34. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
summer
Monthly maximums and minimums
Longwave Radiation
35. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ozone Hole
Closed talik
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
36. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
75-OC
Ice Cap
37. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Ice in the Arctic
Troposphere
Infrared radiation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
38. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
winter
Ice Sheets
Today melting ice
39. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
How talik forms under lakes
Altimetry Pros
Radiative Flux
Active Layer
40. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Types of Albedo
Ice Discharge
41. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Mass Change
Radiative Forcing
42. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Albedo
The Ozone Hole
Troposphere
43. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Ice in the Arctic
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Greenhouse Gases
44. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice Motion
Normal condition for air
45. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Frozen Soil
Atmospheric Structure
25%
Arctic Atmosphere
46. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ice/snow
Radiative Flux
Mass Change
47. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Ice Sheets
Archimedes' Principle
Surface Mass Balance
48. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Greenhouse Gases
Melt
Time Variable Gravity
49. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Permafrost Degradation
Dry
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
In the troposphere that we live in.
50. Total absorbed solar radiation
Permafrost
Rainy
70%
.75OC/km-1