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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Ice Discharge
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
25%
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
2. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Melt
summer
Climate Change in the Arctic
3. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Stronger
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice Shelf
Ice Cap
4. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Dynamic thinning
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Normal condition for air
5. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Atmospheric Circulation
Rainy
Sea Ice
45%
6. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Positive
Energy Budget
Depth v Surface
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
7. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Thermokarst
El Nino
Layers of Earth
8. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Inversion Layer Winter
Sublimation
9. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Once every 4 years.
Permafrost Degradation
50%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
10. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
Closed talik
Through talik
11. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
All Greenhouse gases
Ice in the Arctic
How talik forms under lakes
Energy Budget
12. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
More rain means no drought
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Black Carbon
13. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Radiative Flux
Global warming and hot nights?
Altimetry (height)
14. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Severe coastal erosion
Negative
More rain means no drought
Types of Albedo
15. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Hydrological Drought
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Indirect heat wave effect
75-OC
16. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Wetter; drier
All Greenhouse gases
Normal condition for air
17. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Earth's tilt
Time Variable Gravity
Inversion Layer Winter
Altimetry (height)
18. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Sea-Ice Albedo
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Threshold departures
In the stratosphere.
19. Less frequent and weaker
Greenhouse Gases
Inversion Layer Summer
Agricultural Drought
1 m/yr; 10x
20. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Threshold departures
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Normal condition for air
doubles
21. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Dry
Ice Motion
22. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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23. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
The cryosphere
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atmospheric Circulation
% of Greenhouse Gases
24. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Affect Floods and Droughts
Reduction in sea-ice extent
summer
Melt
25. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
45%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
winter
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
26. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Shortwave Length
winter
Ocean water
27. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
All Greenhouse gases
Strong
Open talik
28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Why the Arctic climate is special
Troposphere
The Ozone Hole
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
29. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Ice Cap
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
How to define a heatwave
30. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Monthly maximums and minimums
Positive
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
31. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Talik
Natural Causes of Warming
75-OC
Altimetry
32. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Air pollution
Calving
Mass Balance
33. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Open talik
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
20%
34. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Inversion Layer Summer
Atmospheric Composition
Permafrost Degradation
The Ozone Hole
35. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Through talik
75-OC
Why the Arctic climate is special
Grounding v Surface Melting
36. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Thermohaline Circulatoin
20%
US and precipitation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
37. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
The Ozone Hole
Positive
Ocean water
38. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Ice/snow
Atmospheric Composition
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Altimetry Cons
39. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Melt
Thermohaline Circulation
US and precipitation
Surface Mass Balance
40. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
In the stratosphere.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Why the Arctic climate is special
41. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Shortwave Length
Types of Albedo
Ozone Hole
Greenhouse Gases
42. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Ice Shelf
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
El Nino
43. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
% of Greenhouse Gases
Discontinuous
Affect Floods and Droughts
44. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Increases - decreases
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ozone Hole
45. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
% of Greenhouse Gases
Why the Arctic climate is special
Increases - decreases
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
46. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea-Ice Albedo
Today melting ice
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
47. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Rainy
Discontinuous
Methane
air can warm dramatically
48. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Ozone Hole
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice Discharge
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
49. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Black Carbon
Ice absorbs
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
50. Melting Point decreases
Grounding Lines
.75OC/km-1
Dynamic thinning
Methane
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