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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Positive feedbacks both found in...
75-OC
Strong
2. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
IPCC
Normal condition for air
Ozone Hole
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
3. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Mass Change
Radiative Forcing
Ice Motion
4. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ice Cap
Surface Mass Balance
Ozone
Surface Mass Balance
5. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Energy Budget
Infrared radiation
1 m/yr; 10x
Ozone
6. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Atmospheric Structure
El Nino
Black Carbon
50%
7. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Talik
8. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Types of Albedo
Severe coastal erosion
Inversion Layer Winter
9. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Permafrost
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Dynamic thinning
10. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Grounding Lines
Ice Sheets
11. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Mass Balance
Altimetry Pros
45%
Thermokarst
12. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Mass Budget
Radiative Forcing
Questions to think about
air can warm dramatically
13. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Archimedes' Principle
Discontinuous
Sea Ice
Importance of ice sheets
14. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
30%
Negative
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Why the Arctic climate is special
15. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Threshold departures
How talik forms under lakes
Ice Shelf
Positive
16. 85%
20%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Reduction in sea-ice extent
La Nia
17. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Closed talik
Atmospheric Structure
summer
reduction in sea-ice
18. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
La Nia
Thermohaline Circulation
More rain means no drought
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
19. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
All Greenhouse gases
Dry
Troposphere
Permafrost
20. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Stronger
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice loss
Cloud Feedbacks
21. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Altimetry Cons
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Inversion Layer Winter
Agricultural Drought
22. Measures input and output.
air can warm dramatically
Mass Budget
Thinner atmosphere
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
23. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Calving
doubles
Affect Floods and Droughts
Thermohaline Circulation
24. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Open talik
Negative
All Greenhouse gases
Surface Mass Balance
25. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Sublimation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
El Nio is in the coasts of...
26. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Threshold departures
Ice shelf
Earth's tilt
27. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Once every 4 years.
What effects the density
Time Variable Gravity
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
28. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Ocean water
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Active Layer
Inversion Layer Winter
29. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Time Variable Gravity
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
30. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
70%
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
31. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Meteorological Drought
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Time Variable Gravity
32. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Percentile departures
Earth's tilt
Active Layer
33. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Permafrost
Threshold departures
Altimetry
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
34. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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183
35. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Atmospheric Structure
Greenland
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
36. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Absolute thresholds
Natural Causes of Warming
Closed talik
Types of Albedo
37. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Sea Ice
Surface Mass Balance
Increases - decreases
Ice in the Arctic
38. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea-Ice Albedo
Very small portion
Dry
39. Really measures volume.
Grounding Lines
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Altimetry
Hydrological Drought
40. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Natural Causes of Warming
Thermokarst
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ice absorbs
41. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Heat Source and Pressure
Indirect heat wave effect
30%
Greenhouse Gases
42. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Earth's tilt
Sunspots
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice Discharge
43. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Ice Discharge
25%
Percentile departures
Thermokarst Lake
44. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
30%
Energy Budget
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thermokarst
45. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Open talik
In the stratosphere.
The cryosphere
46. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
47. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Antarctica
Severe coastal erosion
Air pollution
48. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Grounding Lines
Rainy
Negative
Thermokarst Lake
49. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Earth's tilt
Sea-Ice Albedo
La Nia
50. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sunspots
Strong