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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
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Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ozone Hole
Frozen Soil
Ice-Albedo
Albedo
2. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Open talik
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Through talik
IPCC
3. Measures input and output.
Surface Mass Balance
summer
Ice-Albedo
Mass Budget
4. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
.75OC/km-1
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Warming; cooling
Thermokarst Lake
5. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Rainy
Threshold departures
Greenland
Melt
6. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Thermokarst
winter
Mass Budget
Heat wave
7. Where does the ozone protect us?
Ice Shelf
Thermohaline Circulation
Accumulation
In the stratosphere.
8. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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9. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Stronger
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Layers of Earth
Normal condition for air
10. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
75-OC
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Inversion Layer Winter
Time Variable Gravity
11. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Active Layer
12. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Climate Change in the Arctic
.75OC/km-1
Why the Arctic climate is special
What happens with the Ozone Hole
13. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Dry
Absolute thresholds
14. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Today melting ice
Ozone Hole
Melt
15. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Wetter; drier
Severe coastal erosion
Active Layer
16. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Importance of ice sheets
Thermokarst Lake
Time Variable Gravity
17. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Absolute thresholds
Thermokarst
Affect Floods and Droughts
Atmospheric Structure
18. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Grounding Lines
Mass Balance
Atmospheric Composition
In the troposphere that we live in.
19. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Importance of ice sheets
Warm
How a closed talik forms
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
20. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Ice Cap
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Global warming and hot nights?
21. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Earth's tilt
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Increases - decreases
22. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Melt
Surface Mass Balance
25%
Ice loss
23. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Warm
Methane
Time Variable Gravity
Greenhouse Gases
24. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Black Carbon
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Energy Budget
25. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
25%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Accumulation
26. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Ice/snow
Ice-Albedo
Ice shelf
27. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Ice Discharge
Greenhouse Gases
Air pollution
% of Greenhouse Gases
28. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
GHG
Sea-Ice Albedo
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
29. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
GHG
reduction in sea-ice
25%
30. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Dynamic thinning
Altimetry Cons
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
31. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Today melting ice
Antarctica
Radiative Flux
32. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Percentile departures
Types of Albedo
IPCC
33. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Importance of ice sheets
Infrared radiation
Mass Change
30%
34. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Increases - decreases
Percentile departures
GHG
Ice Cap
35. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Atmospheric Composition
Sea-Ice Albedo
Heat wave
Grounding Lines
36. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
50%
Monthly maximums and minimums
The Ozone Hole
Ice in the Arctic
37. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Grounding Lines
El Nino
Permafrost
More rain means no drought
38. Total absorbed solar radiation
Black Carbon
.75OC/km-1
IPCC
70%
39. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
20%
Surface Mass Balance
Talik
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
40. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Carbon Dioxide
Questions to think about
Atmospheric Composition?
41. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Permafrost
45%
Thermohaline Circulation
42. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Ocean water
Black Carbon
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
43. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Accumulation
Indirect heat wave effect
Cloud Feedbacks
Thermokarst
44. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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45. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Surface Mass Balance
45%
7%
Where rise in OC is greatest
46. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Ocean water
20%
Absolute thresholds
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
47. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Wetter; drier
How we measure Mass Balance
Depth v Surface
48. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
75-OC
Warming; cooling
Troposphere
Heat Source and Pressure
49. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
summer
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Warm
Normal condition for air
50. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Atmospheric Circulation
Warm
Climate Change in the Arctic
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