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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






2. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






3. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






4. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






5. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






6. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure






7. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






8. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






9. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






10. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






11. Amount of light absorbed by surface






12. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






13. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






14. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






15. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.






16. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






17. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






18. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






19. The Earth emits this.






20. Like weighing oneself on the scale.






21. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century






22. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.






23. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






24. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.






25. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






26. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






27. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






28. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






29. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






30. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






31. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






32. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






33. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






34. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






35. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






36. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.






37. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






38. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






39. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






40. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






41. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






42. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.






43. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






44. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






45. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






46. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






47. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






48. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






49. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






50. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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