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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Dry
More rain means no drought
Thermohaline Circulation
2. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Troposphere
Dynamic thinning
Infrared radiation
3. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Heat wave
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Negative
Layers of Earth
4. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Dynamic thinning
Altimetry Cons
5. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Closed talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ozone Hole
Albedo
6. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Mass Change
Energy Budget
Severe coastal erosion
Reduction in sea-ice extent
7. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Surface Mass Balance
Frozen Soil
30%
US and precipitation
8. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
All Greenhouse gases
Time Variable Gravity
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Longwave Radiation
9. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Discontinuous
Grounding Lines
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
10. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Indirect heat wave effect
Today melting ice
GHG
11. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Energy Budget
12. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Heat Source and Pressure
Thermokarst
Discontinuous
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
13. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Albedo
Ocean water
14. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Arctic Atmosphere
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Strong
15. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Dynamic thinning
Ocean water
air can warm dramatically
16. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Through talik
La Nia
Greenland
17. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Shortwave Length
Sunspots
Ice/snow
Severe coastal erosion
18. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Arctic Atmosphere
Discontinuous
Stronger
19. The Earth emits this.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Longwave Radiation
All Greenhouse gases
What happens with the Ozone Hole
20. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
Surface Mass Balance
Archimedes' Principle
Increases - decreases
21. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
70%
Indirect heat wave effect
25%
Ice Sheets
22. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
IPCC
Permafrost
Black Carbon
Archimedes' Principle
23. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Altimetry Cons
The cryosphere
Infrared radiation
24. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Strong
Ocean water
Sublimation
Rainy
25. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Inversion Layer Winter
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Accumulation
26. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Why the Arctic climate is special
Questions to think about
La Nia
Thermohaline Circulation
27. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
75-OC
summer
Meteorological Drought
Ice-Ocean Interactions
28. How much is the planet really warming?
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Greenhouse Gases
29. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thermohaline Circulation
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
30. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ozone Hole
30%
How a closed talik forms
31. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
All Greenhouse gases
32. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Hydrological Drought
Rainy
33. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Antarctica
El Nino
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
34. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Through talik
Types of Albedo
35. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ocean water
Sea-Ice Albedo
Antarctica
36. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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37. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Agricultural Drought
Methane
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Greenland
38. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
30%
reduction in sea-ice
Ice-Albedo
How to define a heatwave
39. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Greenhouse Gases
.75OC/km-1
Longwave Radiation
40. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
7%
Normal condition for air
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Mass Change
41. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Grounding Lines
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Radiative Flux
Ice shelf
42. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
reduction in sea-ice
Stronger
Negative
43. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Cloud Feedbacks
Surface Mass Balance
45%
44. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice/snow
Discontinuous
Ice shelf
Ice Motion
45. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Importance of ice sheets
Strong
Dry
Carbon Dioxide
46. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Monthly maximums and minimums
Reduction in sea-ice extent
.75OC/km-1
Carbon Dioxide
47. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Mass Change
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Antarctica
48. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Mass Change
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice in the Arctic
75-OC
49. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Once every 4 years.
Sunspots
Where rise in OC is greatest
Mass Budget
50. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
The Ozone Hole
In the troposphere that we live in.
Mass Change
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere