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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
El Nino
Thermokarst
Types of Albedo
2. More common
Time Variable Gravity
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Inversion Layer Winter
Methane
3. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
45%
Albedo
Ice in the Arctic
Radiative Forcing
4. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Where rise in OC is greatest
75-OC
The cryosphere
5. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Positive
Ice Discharge
Open talik
Ice-Ocean Interactions
6. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Importance of ice sheets
The cryosphere
Surface Mass Balance
El Nio is in the coasts of...
7. How often does El Nio occur?
Atmospheric Composition
Arctic Atmosphere
Once every 4 years.
70%
8. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Heat wave
Warm
In the troposphere that we live in.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
9. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Through talik
20%
Ozone Hole
Sunspots
10. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
20%
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Permafrost Degradation
11. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Very small portion
Positive
30%
12. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Today melting ice
Frozen Soil
Strong
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
13. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
.7O Celsius over the past century.
1 m/yr; 10x
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Dynamic thinning
14. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Thermokarst Lake
Dynamic thinning
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
GHG
15. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Mass Budget
Radiative Flux
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
El Nio is in the coasts of...
16. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
Ice loss
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Why the Arctic climate is special
17. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Climate Change in the Arctic
18. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Active Layer
Permafrost
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
winter
19. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Atmospheric Composition
Black Carbon
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermohaline Circulatoin
20. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Black Carbon
Affect Floods and Droughts
Stronger
Arctic Atmosphere
21. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Calving
Positive
Ozone Hole
22. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Sublimation
Dynamic thinning
doubles
23. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Threshold departures
La Nia
Antarctica
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
24. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ocean water
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
25. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Methane
Dry
Thinner atmosphere
26. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Black Carbon
Altimetry (height)
Ice Sheets
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
27. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Shortwave Length
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
In the stratosphere.
Frozen Soil
28. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Air pollution
Ice shelf
Affect Floods and Droughts
Heat wave
29. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Circulation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sunspots
30. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Open talik
air can warm dramatically
20%
Warm
31. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Inversion Layer Summer
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Methane
Ozone Hole
32. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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183
33. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Agricultural Drought
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Altimetry Pros
How we measure Mass Balance
34. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Permafrost
Depth v Surface
.75OC/km-1
35. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Ice absorbs
Altimetry Pros
Ozone Hole
36. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Open talik
Talik
37. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Methane
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Dynamic thinning
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
38. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice Cap
Grounding Lines
Layers of Earth
39. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Active Layer
Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Surface Mass Balance
40. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Thermokarst Lake
Altimetry Cons
How to define a heatwave
Rainy
41. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Thermokarst
Percentile departures
Climate Change in the Arctic
42. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Agricultural Drought
IPCC
% of Greenhouse Gases
Mass Budget
43. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
reduction in sea-ice
Severe coastal erosion
Ice Cap
44. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Today melting ice
.75OC/km-1
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
45. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Thermokarst
Importance of ice sheets
All Greenhouse gases
46. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Open talik
Ice Sheets
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Affect Floods and Droughts
47. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Energy Budget
Hydrological Drought
Heat Source and Pressure
48. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Mass Balance
Ice Shelf
% of Greenhouse Gases
49. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Sunspots
Through talik
Thermokarst
Agricultural Drought
50. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
In the troposphere that we live in.
Increases - decreases
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well