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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Surface Mass Balance
Very small portion
Natural Causes of Warming
2. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Hydrological Drought
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Percentile departures
3. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Dynamic thinning
Warming; cooling
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice-Ocean Interactions
4. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
30%
Earth's tilt
5. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Depth v Surface
Thermokarst
.75OC/km-1
Precipitation and High Latitudes
6. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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7. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
1 m/yr; 10x
summer
Permafrost
Dry
8. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Ozone Hole
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermokarst
9. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Black Carbon
Warming; cooling
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
10. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Increases - decreases
Ice loss
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Open talik
11. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
Dynamic thinning
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Antarctica
12. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Permafrost
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
13. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Energy Budget
How to define a heatwave
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
14. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Archimedes' Principle
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Climate Change in the Arctic
Natural Causes of Warming
15. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Shortwave Length
Sea Ice
Closed talik
Rainy
16. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Heat wave
Methane
Shortwave Length
.7O Celsius over the past century.
17. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Heat Source and Pressure
El Nino
18. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Troposphere
Thermohaline Circulation
1 m/yr; 10x
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
19. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
How to define a heatwave
Ice Sheets
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Once every 4 years.
20. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ice-Albedo
21. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Surface Mass Balance
Albedo
Dynamic thinning
22. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Monthly maximums and minimums
Natural Causes of Warming
Mass Change
Meteorological Drought
23. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Active Layer
Positive feedbacks both found in...
How talik forms under lakes
reduction in sea-ice
24. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Thinner atmosphere
Where rise in OC is greatest
Melt
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
25. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Albedo
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Where rise in OC is greatest
26. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Greenland
air can warm dramatically
Ice loss
27. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Atmospheric Composition?
Open talik
Ice shelf
doubles
28. The Earth emits this.
Shortwave Length
Longwave Radiation
50%
Atmospheric Composition
29. Melting Point decreases
Radiative Flux
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
.75OC/km-1
Carbon Dioxide
30. Really measures volume.
Antarctica
Altimetry
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Methane
31. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Mass Budget
Layers of Earth
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
The cryosphere
32. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Earth's tilt
Shortwave Length
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Threshold departures
33. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
La Nia
Sunspots
Methane
Ice-Ocean Interactions
34. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Percentile departures
Very small portion
35. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Thinner atmosphere
70%
Ocean water
Surface Mass Balance
36. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Calving
Thermokarst Lake
Infrared radiation
Very small portion
37. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Archimedes' Principle
Ice Discharge
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Sea Ice
38. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Antarctica
Thermokarst Lake
Closed talik
39. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Dry
Questions to think about
50%
Grounding Lines
40. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice/snow
Rainy
41. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
More rain means no drought
20%
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
42. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
How a closed talik forms
25%
Talik
43. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Normal condition for air
Ice loss
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
winter
44. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Arctic Atmosphere
.75OC/km-1
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Radiative Forcing
45. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Through talik
Where rise in OC is greatest
70%
Altimetry Pros
46. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition
47. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Ice in the Arctic
Inversion Layer Winter
Where rise in OC is greatest
48. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Radiative Forcing
Affect Floods and Droughts
Atmospheric Structure
49. Measures input and output.
Thermokarst Lake
Stronger
Where rise in OC is greatest
Mass Budget
50. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
air can warm dramatically
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Climate Change in the Arctic
Discontinuous