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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice Sheets
Ice Motion
Time Variable Gravity
2. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
Longwave Radiation
Surface Mass Balance
Sunspots
3. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Warm
Arctic Atmosphere
Meteorological Drought
In the troposphere that we live in.
4. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Archimedes' Principle
How to define a heatwave
Ozone Hole
Time Variable Gravity
5. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Natural Causes of Warming
Heat Source and Pressure
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst
6. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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7. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Threshold departures
Types of Albedo
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Positive feedbacks both found in...
8. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Radiative Forcing
50%
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice Shelf
9. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Carbon Dioxide
Increases - decreases
Arctic Atmosphere
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
10. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
30%
25%
11. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Dynamic thinning
Grounding Lines
Affect Floods and Droughts
Closed talik
12. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
% of Greenhouse Gases
Negative
Grounding Lines
Altimetry (height)
13. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice-Albedo
Altimetry Pros
14. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Radiative Forcing
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Warming; cooling
15. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Sublimation
Dynamic thinning
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Very small portion
16. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
How talik forms under lakes
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Meteorological Drought
17. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Discontinuous
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
air can warm dramatically
Depth v Surface
18. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Greenland
Heat wave
19. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Sea-Ice Albedo
The cryosphere
Atmospheric Composition
20. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Cap
Permafrost
La Nia
21. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Methane
Threshold departures
.75OC/km-1
22. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
20%
Heat wave
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Negative
23. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Thermokarst
Atmospheric Composition?
Through talik
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
24. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Ice Discharge
Discontinuous
Severe coastal erosion
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
25. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Discontinuous
More rain means no drought
Sublimation
26. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Percentile departures
Ice Sheets
Mass Change
IPCC
27. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Agricultural Drought
Surface Mass Balance
Black Carbon
Inversion Layer (feedback)
28. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
All Greenhouse gases
Ice Sheets
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
29. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Arctic Atmosphere
Thermokarst
Grounding Lines
More rain means no drought
30. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Mass Balance
Importance of ice sheets
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ocean water
31. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Arctic Atmosphere
Thinner atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
32. Really measures volume.
Sunspots
Altimetry
Ice Motion
Calving
33. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ozone Hole
Ice Cap
Ice absorbs
34. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Thermokarst Lake
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Radiative Flux
Ice Sheets
35. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Once every 4 years.
Heat Source and Pressure
Inversion Layer Winter
Greenland
36. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Atmospheric Composition?
Absolute thresholds
El Nino
37. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Altimetry
30%
Stronger
Antarctica
38. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Atmospheric Circulation
Albedo
How a closed talik forms
Altimetry Pros
39. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Shortwave Length
Where rise in OC is greatest
US and precipitation
40. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
La Nia
Positive
Global warming and hot nights?
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
41. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Negative
Permafrost Degradation
Thermohaline Circulation
42. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Stronger
Today melting ice
Ice Cap
Inversion Layer Summer
43. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Increases - decreases
The Ozone Hole
Greenland
44. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
In the troposphere that we live in.
Antarctica
Altimetry Pros
Types of Albedo
45. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Stronger
Ice Shelf
Greenhouse Gases
Atmospheric Structure
46. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Carbon Dioxide
Permafrost
Greenhouse Gases
47. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
Permafrost Degradation
Longwave Radiation
Melt
48. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
How we measure Mass Balance
Thermokarst
Permafrost Degradation
49. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Radiative Forcing
20%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
50. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Climate Change in the Arctic
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Depth v Surface
Grounding v Surface Melting