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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
All Greenhouse gases
Strong
Open talik
2. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
All Greenhouse gases
Ice shelf
Meteorological Drought
Thermohaline Circulation
3. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
The Ozone Hole
Altimetry Pros
Carbon Dioxide
4. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Talik
Active Layer
75-OC
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
5. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Indirect heat wave effect
Thermokarst Lake
6. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Melt
Ice Shelf
Global warming and hot nights?
Precipitation and High Latitudes
7. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Today melting ice
Radiative Forcing
Monthly maximums and minimums
8. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
45%
Time Variable Gravity
9. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Albedo
Greenhouse Gases
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Percentile departures
10. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Mass Budget
20%
Thinner atmosphere
More rain means no drought
11. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Grounding Lines
summer
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
45%
12. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
50%
Mass Budget
In the troposphere that we live in.
13. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Atmospheric Composition?
How talik forms under lakes
Altimetry
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
14. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Monthly maximums and minimums
Albedo
30%
15. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice Motion
winter
Thermohaline Circulation
16. Really measures volume.
Negative
Methane
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Altimetry
17. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Melt
More rain means no drought
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
18. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Radiative Forcing
Ice Shelf
19. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Grounding Lines
What effects the density
Greenland
Monthly maximums and minimums
20. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Increases - decreases
Atmospheric Composition?
21. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
Threshold departures
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Affect Floods and Droughts
22. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Energy Budget
Methane
Thermokarst
23. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Atmospheric Composition?
Sunspots
Ice Cap
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
24. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
25. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Frozen Soil
26. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Active Layer
Permafrost
Ocean water
Types of Albedo
27. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Permafrost
7%
How we measure Mass Balance
Reduction in sea-ice extent
28. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Talik
How we measure Mass Balance
Altimetry Cons
Infrared radiation
29. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
How to define a heatwave
Radiative Flux
Agricultural Drought
Ice loss
30. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Types of Albedo
Affect Floods and Droughts
31. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry Cons
Thermohaline Circulation
32. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Natural Causes of Warming
La Nia
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Composition?
33. Where does the ozone protect us?
Arctic Atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
How to define a heatwave
In the stratosphere.
34. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ozone
How talik forms under lakes
35. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Antarctica
Sunspots
Importance of ice sheets
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
36. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Radiative Forcing
winter
Increases - decreases
37. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Normal condition for air
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Today melting ice
Ice Discharge
38. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Very small portion
45%
Dry
39. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Ocean water
Normal condition for air
75-OC
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
40. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice Discharge
Indirect heat wave effect
Sublimation
41. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Depth v Surface
Radiative Forcing
Ice Motion
42. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Negative
Ocean water
43. Less frequent and weaker
summer
Dry
Sea Ice
Inversion Layer Summer
44. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Indirect heat wave effect
Calving
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Troposphere
45. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ozone Hole
20%
46. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Dynamic thinning
Ice Sheets
47. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Ice in the Arctic
reduction in sea-ice
% of Greenhouse Gases
48. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
How to define a heatwave
US and precipitation
Antarctica
Ozone Hole
49. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ice/snow
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Melt
50. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Open talik
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions