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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Dry
Warm
Positive feedbacks both found in...
2. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Greenland
Thermohaline Circulation
Very small portion
3. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Energy Budget
Ice-Albedo
Dry
4. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Climate Change in the Arctic
1 m/yr; 10x
Negative
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
5. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Black Carbon
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Surface Mass Balance
Stronger
6. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
What effects the density
Natural Causes of Warming
Why the Arctic climate is special
7. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Sea Ice
Positive feedbacks both found in...
1 m/yr; 10x
8. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Ice in the Arctic
The Ozone Hole
Time Variable Gravity
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
9. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Thermokarst
Grounding v Surface Melting
Greenland
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
10. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Calving
Permafrost
Ocean water
Ice Discharge
11. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Heat wave
12. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Thermokarst Lake
Troposphere
Ozone Hole
All Greenhouse gases
13. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Inversion Layer Summer
Percentile departures
How we measure Mass Balance
14. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Types of Albedo
Accumulation
Closed talik
15. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Radiative Flux
Global warming and hot nights?
Affect Floods and Droughts
1 m/yr; 10x
16. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice Motion
Radiative Flux
Infrared radiation
17. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Altimetry
Increases - decreases
Ozone
.75OC/km-1
18. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Ice Sheets
Rainy
Altimetry (height)
Thinner atmosphere
19. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Negative
Energy Budget
20. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Shortwave Length
Ice Sheets
Talik
21. 240 w/m squared
Increases - decreases
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Greenhouse Gases
Heat Source and Pressure
22. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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23. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Rainy
Very small portion
Questions to think about
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
24. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Cloud Feedbacks
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Depth v Surface
How talik forms under lakes
25. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
70%
Types of Albedo
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Infrared radiation
26. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Negative
Types of Albedo
Methane
Meteorological Drought
27. Measures input and output.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Mass Budget
El Nino
Layers of Earth
28. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Active Layer
Methane
Atmospheric Structure
Increases - decreases
29. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Ozone Hole
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Absolute thresholds
Ocean water
30. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
US and precipitation
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Grounding Lines
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
31. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Natural Causes of Warming
Meteorological Drought
Percentile departures
Inversion Layer Summer
32. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Altimetry Pros
All Greenhouse gases
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Through talik
33. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Natural Causes of Warming
How we measure Mass Balance
34. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Permafrost
reduction in sea-ice
Antarctica
35. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Sunspots
Severe coastal erosion
doubles
36. How often does El Nio occur?
Indirect heat wave effect
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Once every 4 years.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
37. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
50%
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
38. Melting Point decreases
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice loss
La Nia
.75OC/km-1
39. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
In the stratosphere.
Ice/snow
Strong
Why the Arctic climate is special
40. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Agricultural Drought
25%
Ocean water
41. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Thermokarst
Black Carbon
Active Layer
Heat Source and Pressure
42. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Antarctica
Heat Source and Pressure
Severe coastal erosion
43. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Frozen Soil
IPCC
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
44. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
.75OC/km-1
50%
The Ozone Hole
Thermohaline Circulation
45. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Carbon Dioxide
Grounding Lines
Greenland
46. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Cloud Feedbacks
Once every 4 years.
Dynamic thinning
47. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Atmospheric Structure
Permafrost
In the troposphere that we live in.
The Ozone Hole
48. The Earth emits this.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice Cap
Longwave Radiation
How to define a heatwave
49. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Warm
Shortwave Length
50. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Heat Source and Pressure
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Frozen Soil