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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Radiative Flux
Questions to think about
50%
2. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Surface Mass Balance
Greenland
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Thermokarst Lake
3. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
50%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice shelf
4. Really measures volume.
Inversion Layer Summer
Radiative Flux
Atmospheric Circulation
Altimetry
5. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Altimetry Pros
How a closed talik forms
6. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Sea Ice
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
7. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
IPCC
In the troposphere that we live in.
All Greenhouse gases
50%
8. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
30%
Ocean water
Surface Mass Balance
9. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Depth v Surface
Ice shelf
Albedos of Snow and Ice
10. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Meteorological Drought
air can warm dramatically
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Atmospheric Structure
11. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Thermohaline Circulation
Methane
The Ozone Hole
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
12. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Energy Budget
Permafrost
Agricultural Drought
Thermokarst Lake
13. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Sunspots
Antarctica
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Altimetry Cons
14. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ice Shelf
15. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Antarctica
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Black Carbon
16. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Black Carbon
Albedo
Inversion Layer Winter
17. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
45%
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice Shelf
18. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Accumulation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
How to define a heatwave
19. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Arctic Atmosphere
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
doubles
20. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Structure
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Atmospheric Composition?
21. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Affect Floods and Droughts
Cloud Feedbacks
Albedo
Thinner atmosphere
22. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Ice in the Arctic
Thermokarst
70%
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
23. High vs low
Ice Shelf
Cloud Feedbacks
Ozone Hole
30%
24. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
doubles
Ozone
Natural Causes of Warming
25. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Mass Change
Atmospheric Composition
Cloud Feedbacks
Air pollution
26. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice/snow
Ice Sheets
Ozone Hole
27. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Open talik
Ice Cap
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
28. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ice-Albedo
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Surface Mass Balance
29. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Normal condition for air
Talik
Why the Arctic climate is special
30. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Cap
Through talik
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
31. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Warm
45%
Sea Ice
Melt
32. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Open talik
Radiative Flux
33. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Ice absorbs
Atmospheric Composition
La Nia
34. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Rainy
Ocean water
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Shelf
35. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Severe coastal erosion
Through talik
Troposphere
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
36. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Ocean water
Active Layer
El Nio is in the coasts of...
75-OC
37. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
Ice/snow
Once every 4 years.
Ice Sheets
38. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Sheets
summer
Radiative Flux
39. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Arctic Atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Grounding Lines
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
40. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Absolute thresholds
1 m/yr; 10x
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thermohaline Circulation
41. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Permafrost
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Layers of Earth
42. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Atmospheric Composition
Ice loss
Antarctica
Permafrost
43. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Permafrost
Carbon Dioxide
Shortwave Length
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
44. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Carbon Dioxide
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Heat wave
Antarctica
45. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Heat wave
46. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Strong
Ozone Hole
Sublimation
Ice Cap
47. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Talik
Dynamic thinning
Grounding Lines
Absolute thresholds
48. 240 w/m squared
Closed talik
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Arctic Atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
49. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Atmospheric Composition
Hydrological Drought
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Inversion Layer (feedback)
50. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Ice loss
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Winter
Positive