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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Arctic Atmosphere
Very small portion
20%
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
2. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Mass Budget
Carbon Dioxide
70%
3. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Inversion Layer Winter
Altimetry Pros
reduction in sea-ice
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
4. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Surface Mass Balance
Infrared radiation
Ice in the Arctic
5. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Greenhouse Gases
Cloud Feedbacks
Methane
50%
6. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Time Variable Gravity
Normal condition for air
Active Layer
7. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Air pollution
Sublimation
Wetter; drier
8. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
El Nino
Sublimation
Thinner atmosphere
Active Layer
9. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Melt
Stronger
Dynamic thinning
Surface Mass Balance
10. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ocean water
The cryosphere
Sea Ice
11. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Threshold departures
Increases - decreases
Altimetry (height)
12. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Sunspots
Ice shelf
Surface Mass Balance
70%
13. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice loss
Ice Sheets
Shortwave Length
14. Melting Point decreases
Ice absorbs
.75OC/km-1
Surface Mass Balance
Where rise in OC is greatest
15. Total absorbed solar radiation
Layers of Earth
Mass Change
70%
Threshold departures
16. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice-Ocean Interactions
50%
17. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
winter
% of Greenhouse Gases
How we measure Mass Balance
Carbon Dioxide
18. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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19. 240 w/m squared
Ice Sheets
Warm
30%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
20. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Stronger
IPCC
Inversion Layer Summer
Heat Source and Pressure
21. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Methane
Troposphere
Antarctica
22. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Talik
Troposphere
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Types of Albedo
23. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Dynamic thinning
Permafrost
El Nio is in the coasts of...
24. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Percentile departures
Threshold departures
30%
Hydrological Drought
25. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice-Albedo
La Nia
26. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Percentile departures
Ice loss
Permafrost
Warm
27. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
25%
Ice Cap
Air pollution
Thermohaline Circulation
28. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Black Carbon
Strong
30%
All Greenhouse gases
29. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Cloud Feedbacks
30%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
30. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Warming; cooling
Open talik
Calving
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
31. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Grounding Lines
Carbon Dioxide
Thermokarst Lake
Sublimation
32. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Composition
Permafrost
Atmospheric Structure
Atmospheric Composition?
33. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Global warming and hot nights?
Rainy
How we measure Mass Balance
Ocean water
34. Where does the ozone protect us?
50%
Frozen Soil
In the stratosphere.
Longwave Radiation
35. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Percentile departures
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Longwave Radiation
25%
36. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Discharge
37. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
How a closed talik forms
Open talik
Ice-Albedo
Permafrost
38. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Thermohaline Circulation
Black Carbon
Ocean water
39. How much is the planet really warming?
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Agricultural Drought
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
40. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
75-OC
Longwave Radiation
Air pollution
Mass Balance
41. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Percentile departures
Ice Sheets
Dynamic thinning
42. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Absolute thresholds
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Accumulation
Albedo
43. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Atmospheric Composition
reduction in sea-ice
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Dry
44. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice/snow
45. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ozone Hole
Layers of Earth
Ice loss
46. Really measures volume.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Cap
Altimetry
Arctic Atmosphere
47. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Stronger
Severe coastal erosion
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
48. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Greenhouse Gases
Once every 4 years.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
49. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Why the Arctic climate is special
30%
50. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Antarctica
Troposphere
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation