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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Absolute thresholds
Ice Shelf
Heat wave
2. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Radiative Flux
Atmospheric Circulation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ozone
3. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
30%
Ice absorbs
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Atmospheric Circulation
4. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Melt
How we measure Mass Balance
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
50%
5. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Closed talik
Troposphere
How to define a heatwave
Ice-Albedo
6. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Archimedes' Principle
Why the Arctic climate is special
Depth v Surface
7. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Antarctica
Types of Albedo
Energy Budget
Grounding v Surface Melting
8. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Hydrological Drought
Today melting ice
Importance of ice sheets
Ice shelf
9. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Severe coastal erosion
Very small portion
Absolute thresholds
30%
10. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Where rise in OC is greatest
Energy Budget
Normal condition for air
11. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Meteorological Drought
Methane
Thermohaline Circulatoin
12. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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13. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice/snow
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Methane
14. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Discontinuous
doubles
Ice shelf
Threshold departures
15. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ice-Albedo
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Rainy
16. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
50%
Ozone Hole
.7O Celsius over the past century.
How we measure Mass Balance
17. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
30%
reduction in sea-ice
Permafrost
Ice Discharge
18. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
75-OC
Heat Source and Pressure
doubles
1 m/yr; 10x
19. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Energy Budget
La Nia
Hydrological Drought
Precipitation and High Latitudes
20. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Ice Motion
Ice shelf
Ice/snow
Climate Change in the Arctic
21. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Earth's tilt
Wetter; drier
Sunspots
Accumulation
22. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Archimedes' Principle
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Black Carbon
Active Layer
23. 240 w/m squared
.75OC/km-1
Altimetry
Through talik
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
24. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Antarctica
More rain means no drought
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Thermohaline Circulation
25. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
How we measure Mass Balance
Earth's tilt
Why the Arctic climate is special
Mass Balance
26. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
How to define a heatwave
1 m/yr; 10x
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
doubles
27. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Altimetry Cons
50%
Radiative Forcing
Surface Mass Balance
28. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice/snow
Mass Balance
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
29. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
70%
Dynamic thinning
Sea Ice
Layers of Earth
30. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
How we measure Mass Balance
Heat wave
Grounding Lines
Ice in the Arctic
31. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
doubles
Shortwave Length
La Nia
32. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Surface Mass Balance
Closed talik
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
33. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Greenhouse Gases
Open talik
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Earth's tilt
34. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ocean water
35. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Black Carbon
Types of Albedo
36. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
30%
Precipitation and High Latitudes
air can warm dramatically
Surface Mass Balance
37. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Normal condition for air
.75OC/km-1
Atmospheric Structure
38. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Heat wave
Radiative Forcing
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Depth v Surface
39. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Surface Mass Balance
La Nia
US and precipitation
Normal condition for air
40. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
70%
IPCC
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Time Variable Gravity
41. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice/snow
In the stratosphere.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
42. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Global warming and hot nights?
Ocean water
43. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
winter
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice/snow
44. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Altimetry
7%
Troposphere
What happens with the Ozone Hole
45. 85%
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
50%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Sea-Ice Albedo
46. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Natural Causes of Warming
Increases - decreases
Troposphere
30%
47. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Radiative Flux
Permafrost Degradation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
48. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Grounding v Surface Melting
reduction in sea-ice
Once every 4 years.
49. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Today melting ice
Grounding Lines
Surface Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
50. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Thermokarst
Ozone
Greenland