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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
Threshold departures
Ice Motion
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
2. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Time Variable Gravity
Permafrost
Ice Discharge
3. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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4. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Ozone
45%
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Depth v Surface
5. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Thinner atmosphere
Ice shelf
Longwave Radiation
6. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Surface Mass Balance
Thermokarst Lake
Stronger
Precipitation and High Latitudes
7. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Severe coastal erosion
Natural Causes of Warming
Where rise in OC is greatest
25%
8. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Air pollution
Altimetry
Active Layer
Ice Sheets
9. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Meteorological Drought
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice shelf
GHG
10. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
IPCC
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Ocean water
11. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Rainy
Inversion Layer Winter
How a closed talik forms
12. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
50%
reduction in sea-ice
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Shortwave Length
13. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Radiative Flux
70%
Importance of ice sheets
14. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Today melting ice
25%
Atmospheric Composition
15. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Negative
Sublimation
Ice/snow
Sunspots
16. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Heat Source and Pressure
Ozone Hole
All Greenhouse gases
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
17. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Infrared radiation
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Percentile departures
18. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Percentile departures
Atmospheric Composition?
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
19. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Types of Albedo
Altimetry Pros
Ocean water
20. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Ocean water
Natural Causes of Warming
Time Variable Gravity
Inversion Layer (feedback)
21. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Arctic Atmosphere
Thermokarst
Inversion Layer Summer
Troposphere
22. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
How we measure Mass Balance
Closed talik
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
23. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Severe coastal erosion
Ice Sheets
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Positive
24. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Time Variable Gravity
Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
25. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Monthly maximums and minimums
All Greenhouse gases
% of Greenhouse Gases
26. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Types of Albedo
Mass Balance
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Albedos of Snow and Ice
27. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Energy Budget
Warming; cooling
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Atmospheric Structure
28. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Mass Budget
Importance of ice sheets
Ozone Hole
29. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
US and precipitation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Why the Arctic climate is special
30. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Altimetry Cons
Inversion Layer Summer
air can warm dramatically
Ice shelf
31. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Percentile departures
How a closed talik forms
32. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
Infrared radiation
How a closed talik forms
Once every 4 years.
33. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Climate Change in the Arctic
Grounding v Surface Melting
34. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Altimetry Cons
Energy Budget
Dynamic thinning
Monthly maximums and minimums
35. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Meteorological Drought
Calving
Ozone
36. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
La Nia
What effects the density
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
37. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Where rise in OC is greatest
IPCC
Importance of ice sheets
Why the Arctic climate is special
38. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Absolute thresholds
Severe coastal erosion
reduction in sea-ice
39. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
How a closed talik forms
Grounding Lines
40. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Today melting ice
More rain means no drought
Precipitation and High Latitudes
41. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
El Nino
Depth v Surface
Radiative Flux
42. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Albedo
Ice in the Arctic
winter
What happens with the Ozone Hole
43. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Grounding Lines
Surface Mass Balance
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
44. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Shortwave Length
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Surface Mass Balance
45. How often does El Nio occur?
Ice Discharge
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Once every 4 years.
Greenhouse Gases
46. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Ice Sheets
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Methane
Very small portion
47. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Grounding v Surface Melting
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
48. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Greenhouse Gases
Thermohaline Circulation
Archimedes' Principle
49. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Antarctica
The cryosphere
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
50. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Types of Albedo
Warming; cooling
El Nino
Ice in the Arctic
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