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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Dry
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice Cap
2. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Heat wave
Earth's tilt
La Nia
Wetter; drier
3. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Frozen Soil
How a closed talik forms
How we measure Mass Balance
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
4. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
25%
Permafrost
Thermokarst
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
5. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Surface Mass Balance
Antarctica
30%
Carbon Dioxide
6. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Infrared radiation
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Grounding Lines
7. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Depth v Surface
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
8. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Inversion Layer Summer
La Nia
9. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Depth v Surface
Stronger
Black Carbon
US and precipitation
10. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
All Greenhouse gases
Atmospheric Circulation
Negative
11. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thinner atmosphere
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulation
12. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Black Carbon
Mass Change
Albedo
What happens with the Ozone Hole
13. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Positive
Radiative Forcing
14. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Permafrost
Methane
Positive feedbacks both found in...
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
15. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Why the Arctic climate is special
.75OC/km-1
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ocean water
16. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Permafrost Degradation
Air pollution
Active Layer
Altimetry (height)
17. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Questions to think about
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Altimetry
Grounding v Surface Melting
18. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Altimetry Cons
Mass Budget
Altimetry
19. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Reduction in sea-ice extent
20. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Inversion Layer Summer
Shortwave Length
21. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Threshold departures
Atmospheric Structure
IPCC
45%
22. The amount of light reflected by an object.
IPCC
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Albedo
Ice shelf
23. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
75-OC
Mass Change
Methane
Thermohaline Circulation
24. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Stronger
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Grounding Lines
50%
25. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Indirect heat wave effect
Mass Balance
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
26. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
.75OC/km-1
Agricultural Drought
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermokarst
27. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice absorbs
Greenhouse Gases
Affect Floods and Droughts
28. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Antarctica
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Active Layer
29. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
reduction in sea-ice
Monthly maximums and minimums
How talik forms under lakes
Precipitation and High Latitudes
30. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Meteorological Drought
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Altimetry Pros
31. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
US and precipitation
How a closed talik forms
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Meteorological Drought
32. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Permafrost
Positive feedbacks both found in...
.75OC/km-1
33. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Surface Mass Balance
Radiative Flux
Sunspots
34. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Thermohaline Circulation
Black Carbon
Antarctica
Permafrost
35. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Permafrost
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Time Variable Gravity
36. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice/snow
Talik
37. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
doubles
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Agricultural Drought
38. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
70%
Troposphere
El Nino
Altimetry
39. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
20%
Accumulation
The cryosphere
Grounding Lines
40. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Meteorological Drought
Calving
Percentile departures
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
41. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Cloud Feedbacks
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
How to define a heatwave
42. How often does El Nio occur?
Ice loss
Ice Sheets
Once every 4 years.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
43. Total absorbed solar radiation
Infrared radiation
70%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Calving
44. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Ice Motion
Dry
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Stronger
45. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Affect Floods and Droughts
Longwave Radiation
Meteorological Drought
46. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice Cap
Monthly maximums and minimums
Climate Change in the Arctic
47. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Grounding v Surface Melting
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
48. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Thinner atmosphere
Threshold departures
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
49. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Ice Sheets
Greenland
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Normal condition for air
50. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Thermokarst Lake
El Nio is in the coasts of...