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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
How talik forms under lakes
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
2. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Melt
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
reduction in sea-ice
Heat wave
3. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Grounding Lines
summer
How a closed talik forms
4. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Increases - decreases
Antarctica
Negative
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
5. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Atmospheric Composition
How a closed talik forms
Types of Albedo
Negative
6. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Talik
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Sea Ice
7. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Warming; cooling
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Black Carbon
Ice Sheets
8. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
9. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Grounding Lines
Calving
Atmospheric Composition
10. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ozone
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Discharge
Ice loss
11. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
summer
Absolute thresholds
Ice Motion
12. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Absolute thresholds
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
13. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Air pollution
Atmospheric Structure
GHG
The Ozone Hole
14. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
winter
30%
Thermokarst Lake
15. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Ozone Hole
Positive
Heat wave
Thermokarst Lake
16. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Closed talik
17. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Troposphere
Grounding Lines
Hydrological Drought
Albedo
18. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
In the stratosphere.
Global warming and hot nights?
winter
19. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Wetter; drier
Sea-Ice Albedo
Radiative Forcing
Mass Change
20. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Negative
What effects the density
Longwave Radiation
Infrared radiation
21. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Affect Floods and Droughts
Severe coastal erosion
75-OC
22. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Active Layer
Ocean water
70%
23. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Ozone
air can warm dramatically
What effects the density
24. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Calving
US and precipitation
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
25. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Arctic Atmosphere
26. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Ice absorbs
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Atmospheric Composition
.75OC/km-1
27. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Ice Motion
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
28. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
GHG
Ocean water
Black Carbon
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
29. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
.7O Celsius over the past century.
More rain means no drought
Carbon Dioxide
Ice Discharge
30. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Permafrost Degradation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Surface Mass Balance
.7O Celsius over the past century.
31. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Frozen Soil
Wetter; drier
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Altimetry Pros
32. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Arctic Atmosphere
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Strong
45%
33. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Sublimation
Surface Mass Balance
75-OC
34. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Open talik
Atmospheric Composition
Greenland
35. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Atmospheric Composition?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Black Carbon
36. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Ozone Hole
Very small portion
Thermohaline Circulation
All Greenhouse gases
37. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
In the stratosphere.
Frozen Soil
Troposphere
38. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
39. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Warming; cooling
% of Greenhouse Gases
Warm
40. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Greenhouse Gases
Very small portion
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Open talik
41. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Methane
Negative
Ice Sheets
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
42. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Ice Discharge
Active Layer
Mass Budget
Absolute thresholds
43. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Indirect heat wave effect
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice loss
Warm
44. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Heat wave
Layers of Earth
Depth v Surface
Ice-Albedo
45. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
20%
Ice Sheets
Ice absorbs
46. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Types of Albedo
% of Greenhouse Gases
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
47. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
75-OC
7%
Permafrost Degradation
48. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Stronger
Thermokarst
Open talik
Percentile departures
49. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Ice Motion
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Active Layer
50. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Hydrological Drought
In the stratosphere.
IPCC
Thermohaline Circulation