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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Sea Ice
Antarctica
Mass Change
Methane
2. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
50%
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Shortwave Length
3. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Dry
Radiative Flux
Accumulation
4. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
How talik forms under lakes
Atmospheric Circulation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Atmospheric Composition?
5. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Strong
Greenland
Warm
La Nia
6. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
El Nino
Ozone Hole
Permafrost
IPCC
7. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
How to define a heatwave
Antarctica
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
8. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
winter
Stronger
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
IPCC
9. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
45%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
10. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Strong
Talik
Ice-Albedo
30%
11. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Wetter; drier
Sea-Ice Albedo
What effects the density
More rain means no drought
12. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Altimetry
Heat Source and Pressure
Atmospheric Circulation
Why the Arctic climate is special
13. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Mass Change
Infrared radiation
Ice/snow
14. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
air can warm dramatically
How to define a heatwave
Stronger
15. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
How a closed talik forms
Layers of Earth
winter
Through talik
16. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
US and precipitation
Ocean water
Thermokarst Lake
Why the Arctic climate is special
17. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Monthly maximums and minimums
Radiative Forcing
18. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Ozone
reduction in sea-ice
Types of Albedo
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
19. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Global warming and hot nights?
All Greenhouse gases
What effects the density
Once every 4 years.
20. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Calving
Radiative Forcing
20%
21. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Warm
Melt
Carbon Dioxide
22. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Ice Sheets
Percentile departures
Melt
Frozen Soil
23. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Ice in the Arctic
How to define a heatwave
Permafrost
How talik forms under lakes
24. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Indirect heat wave effect
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
25. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
25%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Inversion Layer Winter
Troposphere
26. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice shelf
How to define a heatwave
Surface Mass Balance
27. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Greenhouse Gases
7%
Grounding Lines
Carbon Dioxide
28. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice Discharge
IPCC
29. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ozone
Archimedes' Principle
Today melting ice
30. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Cloud Feedbacks
45%
summer
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
31. 240 w/m squared
Today melting ice
Ice Sheets
Heat wave
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
32. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Atmospheric Composition?
75-OC
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Greenhouse Gases
33. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Permafrost
Very small portion
Ice Motion
34. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
US and precipitation
Ozone Hole
Climate Change in the Arctic
1 m/yr; 10x
35. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
20%
Meteorological Drought
36. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Shortwave Length
30%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ocean water
37. How often does El Nio occur?
Greenland
Calving
Once every 4 years.
Accumulation
38. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Atmospheric Composition
Stronger
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
winter
39. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
In the stratosphere.
Energy Budget
Shortwave Length
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
40. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Thermokarst
Altimetry (height)
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
41. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Positive
Atmospheric Composition
42. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
45%
Talik
Global warming and hot nights?
Thermohaline Circulation
43. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Ozone Hole
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Radiative Flux
Permafrost
44. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
La Nia
How a closed talik forms
Altimetry (height)
Longwave Radiation
45. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
El Nino
Albedo
Ozone Hole
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
46. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
GHG
Carbon Dioxide
47. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Energy Budget
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Thermokarst
48. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Sea Ice
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Altimetry Pros
49. Melting Point decreases
More rain means no drought
Indirect heat wave effect
.75OC/km-1
Warm
50. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
25%
Why the Arctic climate is special
In the stratosphere.
Threshold departures