Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






2. Cooler water and drought conditions.






3. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






4. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






5. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.






6. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






7. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






8. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






9. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






10. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans






11. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






12. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






13. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.






14. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






15. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






16. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






17. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






18. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






19. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






20. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






21. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






22. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






23. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.






24. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






25. Really measures volume.






26. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.






27. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






28. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






29. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






30. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.






31. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






32. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






33. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






34. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.






35. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






36. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.






37. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)






38. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






39. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






40. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






41. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






42. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






43. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.






44. How often does El Nio occur?






45. Ocean retains ____ CO2






46. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






47. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






48. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.






49. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






50. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic