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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
IPCC
Ice absorbs
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
2. How much is the planet really warming?
Stronger
Permafrost
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Meteorological Drought
3. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Absolute thresholds
Mass Change
How we measure Mass Balance
4. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Atmospheric Composition?
Sunspots
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Affect Floods and Droughts
5. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Stronger
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Ice Cap
Negative
6. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Ice Shelf
75-OC
Arctic Atmosphere
Negative
7. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Permafrost
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Archimedes' Principle
Depth v Surface
8. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Mass Budget
Ice/snow
Earth's tilt
9. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Where rise in OC is greatest
More rain means no drought
Inversion Layer (feedback)
10. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Active Layer
Monthly maximums and minimums
Reduction in sea-ice extent
reduction in sea-ice
11. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Greenland
Ice Shelf
air can warm dramatically
12. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Methane
Greenland
Positive feedbacks both found in...
13. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
25%
Greenland
reduction in sea-ice
More rain means no drought
14. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Where rise in OC is greatest
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
15. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
air can warm dramatically
Thermokarst
Why the Arctic climate is special
16. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Atmospheric Structure
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
17. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Natural Causes of Warming
7%
winter
Ice Discharge
18. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Mass Change
1 m/yr; 10x
Warming; cooling
winter
19. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Severe coastal erosion
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Antarctica
Sunspots
20. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Very small portion
Longwave Radiation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
21. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
How we measure Mass Balance
Atmospheric Composition?
22. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
doubles
Atmospheric Circulation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Active Layer
23. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Negative
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
24. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Time Variable Gravity
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
The cryosphere
25. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice Sheets
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
26. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Atmospheric Composition?
Antarctica
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Dry
27. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Greenland
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Meteorological Drought
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
28. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Surface Mass Balance
70%
Stronger
Types of Albedo
29. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Shortwave Length
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Closed talik
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
30. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Rainy
Heat wave
Frozen Soil
31. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
In the stratosphere.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
What effects the density
32. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Radiative Forcing
% of Greenhouse Gases
Once every 4 years.
33. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Radiative Forcing
Ice Sheets
GHG
Sea Ice
34. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Severe coastal erosion
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
35. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Infrared radiation
Natural Causes of Warming
Frozen Soil
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
36. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
Negative
Atmospheric Circulation
Longwave Radiation
37. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Grounding Lines
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Agricultural Drought
Ice Shelf
38. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ice-Albedo
El Nino
39. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Shortwave Length
Closed talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Permafrost Degradation
40. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Black Carbon
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
25%
Atmospheric Composition?
41. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Discontinuous
What happens with the Ozone Hole
El Nino
42. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Indirect heat wave effect
Questions to think about
Air pollution
How we measure Mass Balance
43. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Active Layer
Sea Ice
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
44. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Thermokarst
Thinner atmosphere
Discontinuous
45. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Grounding Lines
GHG
Monthly maximums and minimums
Rainy
46. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Layers of Earth
Ice Sheets
Methane
47. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Greenhouse Gases
In the stratosphere.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
48. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Permafrost
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Very small portion
How to define a heatwave
49. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Layers of Earth
Climate Change in the Arctic
How talik forms under lakes
Troposphere
50. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Indirect heat wave effect
In the troposphere that we live in.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Thermokarst