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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Earth's tilt
Melt
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
2. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Climate Change in the Arctic
IPCC
The cryosphere
3. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Energy Budget
Ice Sheets
Surface Mass Balance
Once every 4 years.
4. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Atmospheric Circulation
Importance of ice sheets
Rainy
5. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Cloud Feedbacks
Black Carbon
US and precipitation
winter
6. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
The cryosphere
Mass Change
Permafrost
Black Carbon
7. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
75-OC
Methane
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
8. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Importance of ice sheets
Atmospheric Structure
9. Really measures volume.
Questions to think about
Mass Budget
Altimetry
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
10. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Discontinuous
Ocean water
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
11. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ozone Hole
Infrared radiation
Ice in the Arctic
12. More common
Natural Causes of Warming
Inversion Layer Winter
US and precipitation
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
13. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
50%
Indirect heat wave effect
Greenland
14. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
What effects the density
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Altimetry
Today melting ice
15. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
30%
Mass Budget
Permafrost Degradation
16. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
How talik forms under lakes
Mass Balance
1 m/yr; 10x
17. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Severe coastal erosion
air can warm dramatically
Albedo
18. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Climate Change in the Arctic
Heat Source and Pressure
Once every 4 years.
19. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Troposphere
Discontinuous
Dynamic thinning
Layers of Earth
20. Measures input and output.
How we measure Mass Balance
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Depth v Surface
Mass Budget
21. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Threshold departures
Altimetry Pros
La Nia
22. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Ozone
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
US and precipitation
Heat Source and Pressure
23. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Types of Albedo
Ocean water
Ocean water
Sunspots
24. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea-Ice Albedo
In the troposphere that we live in.
Antarctica
25. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Ocean water
Permafrost
The Ozone Hole
Depth v Surface
26. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ozone
Ozone Hole
27. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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28. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Through talik
Warming; cooling
In the stratosphere.
Ice loss
29. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Ocean water
Mass Budget
Agricultural Drought
30. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Rainy
Open talik
summer
Radiative Flux
31. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
% of Greenhouse Gases
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
32. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Today melting ice
winter
Ocean water
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
33. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
In the stratosphere.
Absolute thresholds
Inversion Layer (feedback)
45%
34. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Frozen Soil
Surface Mass Balance
Mass Budget
35. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Grounding v Surface Melting
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Radiative Forcing
Rainy
36. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Hydrological Drought
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Reduction in sea-ice extent
37. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Positive
Energy Budget
Methane
Atmospheric Circulation
38. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
All Greenhouse gases
Monthly maximums and minimums
Rainy
Sea-Ice Albedo
39. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Affect Floods and Droughts
Meteorological Drought
Dynamic thinning
40. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Greenland
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
Radiative Flux
41. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Energy Budget
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice loss
42. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
20%
Threshold departures
Inversion Layer Winter
All Greenhouse gases
43. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Closed talik
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Grounding Lines
44. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ocean water
Radiative Forcing
Ice Discharge
45. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Discontinuous
1 m/yr; 10x
Open talik
Grounding v Surface Melting
46. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Normal condition for air
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Thermokarst
Mass Change
47. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ozone
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
El Nino
Ice/snow
48. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Once every 4 years.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Thermohaline Circulation
49. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Time Variable Gravity
Questions to think about
30%
50. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Normal condition for air
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Why the Arctic climate is special