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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Types of Albedo
All Greenhouse gases
Ice loss
Surface Mass Balance
2. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
Earth's tilt
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Affect Floods and Droughts
3. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Permafrost
Discontinuous
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
El Nino
4. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Natural Causes of Warming
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Longwave Radiation
5. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Melt
Thermokarst
The cryosphere
6. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Altimetry
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
How we measure Mass Balance
In the stratosphere.
7. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Inversion Layer Winter
air can warm dramatically
Ice Sheets
Questions to think about
8. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
.75OC/km-1
9. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
air can warm dramatically
Severe coastal erosion
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Sunspots
10. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
20%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice Cap
11. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Very small portion
Ice Cap
12. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Rainy
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Talik
13. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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14. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Albedo
All Greenhouse gases
Sea Ice
15. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Stronger
Ice Motion
Inversion Layer Summer
Heat Source and Pressure
16. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Global warming and hot nights?
Black Carbon
Inversion Layer Winter
Natural Causes of Warming
17. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Ozone
La Nia
Mass Balance
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
18. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
Radiative Forcing
Negative
How we measure Mass Balance
19. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Active Layer
Warm
Closed talik
20. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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21. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
.75OC/km-1
Ozone
22. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Sea Ice
Positive
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulation
23. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
reduction in sea-ice
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Permafrost Degradation
24. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Ice Sheets
% of Greenhouse Gases
Energy Budget
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
25. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ozone
Thermohaline Circulation
26. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
summer
Strong
Very small portion
27. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Atmospheric Circulation
Accumulation
Questions to think about
Thermokarst
28. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Today melting ice
29. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Grounding Lines
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
More rain means no drought
Black Carbon
30. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
30%
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Albedo
Dry
31. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Methane
El Nino
Infrared radiation
Rainy
32. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Sea-Ice Albedo
doubles
Active Layer
Thinner atmosphere
33. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Atmospheric Composition
Mass Balance
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Radiative Flux
34. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Grounding v Surface Melting
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Albedo
35. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
reduction in sea-ice
.75OC/km-1
Mass Change
The Ozone Hole
36. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
All Greenhouse gases
Ice shelf
Natural Causes of Warming
37. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
IPCC
20%
Increases - decreases
38. Amount of light absorbed by surface
winter
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Grounding Lines
50%
39. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Mass Budget
Discontinuous
Types of Albedo
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
40. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
GHG
Carbon Dioxide
Atmospheric Circulation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
41. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Grounding Lines
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Meteorological Drought
Ice Sheets
42. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Thermokarst
Atmospheric Composition
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
43. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
30%
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
air can warm dramatically
44. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Mass Change
The Ozone Hole
Antarctica
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
45. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Percentile departures
Open talik
Talik
30%
46. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Heat wave
Carbon Dioxide
Thinner atmosphere
47. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Atmospheric Structure
Through talik
Meteorological Drought
48. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Thermokarst
Methane
How a closed talik forms
49. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Questions to think about
Rainy
Ocean water
Affect Floods and Droughts
50. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
summer
Longwave Radiation