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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
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Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Mass Budget
Accumulation
GHG
Cloud Feedbacks
2. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
What effects the density
Warming; cooling
Calving
3. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
4. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
20%
Dynamic thinning
Atmospheric Structure
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
5. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Strong
Methane
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
6. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Radiative Forcing
Radiative Flux
Longwave Radiation
Sea Ice
7. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Radiative Forcing
Discontinuous
Atmospheric Structure
8. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Through talik
Mass Change
Ice absorbs
Sunspots
9. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Carbon Dioxide
Active Layer
Normal condition for air
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
10. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Permafrost Degradation
Radiative Flux
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
11. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
US and precipitation
Global warming and hot nights?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
12. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Warming; cooling
What effects the density
How a closed talik forms
13. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Infrared radiation
Ice Shelf
Radiative Forcing
Calving
14. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Hydrological Drought
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Active Layer
Where rise in OC is greatest
15. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
75-OC
Percentile departures
Shortwave Length
Discontinuous
16. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Warming; cooling
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
17. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
reduction in sea-ice
Stronger
Grounding Lines
Altimetry Pros
18. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice in the Arctic
winter
Archimedes' Principle
19. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Heat Source and Pressure
Increases - decreases
Ice Motion
20. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
What effects the density
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice-Albedo
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
21. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Grounding v Surface Melting
In the troposphere that we live in.
Thermohaline Circulation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
22. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Dynamic thinning
Ozone Hole
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
summer
23. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Increases - decreases
In the troposphere that we live in.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Altimetry Cons
24. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Talik
Ice shelf
More rain means no drought
25. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Thinner atmosphere
Absolute thresholds
25%
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
26. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Radiative Forcing
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Archimedes' Principle
Accumulation
27. Less frequent and weaker
Percentile departures
Through talik
Inversion Layer Summer
Active Layer
28. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Active Layer
Archimedes' Principle
Hydrological Drought
Monthly maximums and minimums
29. The Earth emits this.
50%
Longwave Radiation
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Heat wave
30. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Increases - decreases
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Today melting ice
31. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Positive
Ice Discharge
Climate Change in the Arctic
32. Total absorbed solar radiation
Types of Albedo
70%
Ice Motion
Precipitation and High Latitudes
33. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
% of Greenhouse Gases
Thermokarst Lake
Positive
34. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
GHG
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ozone
35. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Ice Cap
.7O Celsius over the past century.
US and precipitation
36. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
70%
Ice in the Arctic
La Nia
Open talik
37. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Sea-Ice Albedo
% of Greenhouse Gases
50%
38. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Troposphere
Ice Motion
Ice absorbs
How to define a heatwave
39. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Surface Mass Balance
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Absolute thresholds
Carbon Dioxide
40. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Radiative Flux
Ice in the Arctic
Ice Sheets
41. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
Negative
Mass Budget
Ice/snow
42. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Energy Budget
Air pollution
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
43. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Why the Arctic climate is special
winter
Permafrost
What happens with the Ozone Hole
44. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
How a closed talik forms
Ice Sheets
45. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Discontinuous
Altimetry
In the stratosphere.
46. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Atmospheric Circulation
Melt
Ice/snow
47. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Inversion Layer Winter
Today melting ice
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Wetter; drier
48. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Heat Source and Pressure
Mass Balance
Types of Albedo
49. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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50. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
summer
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ocean water
Dry
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