SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Negative
Permafrost
Dry
2. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Agricultural Drought
In the stratosphere.
Ice shelf
Atmospheric Structure
3. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Altimetry
Ocean water
45%
4. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Open talik
Radiative Forcing
Sublimation
Heat wave
5. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Grounding Lines
Layers of Earth
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice-Ocean Interactions
6. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Antarctica
In the stratosphere.
Energy Budget
7. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Indirect heat wave effect
30%
reduction in sea-ice
Ocean water
8. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
How talik forms under lakes
La Nia
The cryosphere
9. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice shelf
Frozen Soil
Ice Motion
IPCC
10. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Ozone Hole
Absolute thresholds
More rain means no drought
Mass Change
11. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Altimetry Pros
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
12. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Ice Motion
Radiative Forcing
.75OC/km-1
Warm
13. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice Cap
Methane
14. Measures input and output.
Altimetry Cons
Mass Budget
Time Variable Gravity
Ozone Hole
15. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
Earth's tilt
In the troposphere that we live in.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
16. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Melt
Mass Budget
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
17. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Meteorological Drought
Grounding v Surface Melting
75-OC
18. More common
summer
Methane
Inversion Layer Winter
Ice absorbs
19. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
doubles
70%
The Ozone Hole
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
20. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Surface Mass Balance
Frozen Soil
Altimetry Cons
21. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Thermohaline Circulation
Troposphere
Wetter; drier
Frozen Soil
22. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Warm
Carbon Dioxide
Altimetry Pros
23. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Hydrological Drought
Ozone Hole
IPCC
24. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Troposphere
Atmospheric Composition?
Ice loss
How to define a heatwave
25. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Hydrological Drought
Ice loss
IPCC
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
26. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Atmospheric Circulation
Thinner atmosphere
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Calving
27. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Permafrost
% of Greenhouse Gases
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
28. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Rainy
Surface Mass Balance
La Nia
Once every 4 years.
29. Amount of light absorbed by surface
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice/snow
Radiative Forcing
50%
30. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Cloud Feedbacks
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Archimedes' Principle
El Nio is in the coasts of...
31. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Frozen Soil
Sea Ice
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
32. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Once every 4 years.
In the stratosphere.
La Nia
Negative
33. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
34. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
GHG
Ice Sheets
Global warming and hot nights?
Warming; cooling
35. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Absolute thresholds
Percentile departures
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Heat Source and Pressure
36. Less frequent and weaker
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Grounding Lines
Inversion Layer Summer
Increases - decreases
37. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Longwave Radiation
Ice in the Arctic
Positive
Energy Budget
38. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
US and precipitation
Indirect heat wave effect
Melt
GHG
39. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Strong
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Depth v Surface
Ice-Albedo
40. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Shortwave Length
Active Layer
30%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
41. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
air can warm dramatically
Ocean water
Radiative Forcing
El Nio is in the coasts of...
42. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Talik
75-OC
Ice-Albedo
43. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Threshold departures
Greenhouse Gases
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
44. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
75-OC
Ozone
Grounding Lines
Precipitation and High Latitudes
45. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
winter
Surface Mass Balance
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice Discharge
46. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
winter
Ice Sheets
Dry
47. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Frozen Soil
Open talik
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Atmospheric Structure
48. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Affect Floods and Droughts
US and precipitation
Sea-Ice Albedo
Infrared radiation
49. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Accumulation
50. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
US and precipitation
Wetter; drier