SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Threshold departures
20%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
2. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Sunspots
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Black Carbon
Ozone Hole
3. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Warm
How a closed talik forms
Thermokarst
Thinner atmosphere
4. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Rainy
All Greenhouse gases
Wetter; drier
Calving
5. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
30%
Atmospheric Composition?
Why the Arctic climate is special
Layers of Earth
6. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Grounding Lines
Stronger
Antarctica
Strong
7. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermokarst Lake
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
8. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Mass Change
Normal condition for air
75-OC
9. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Shortwave Length
25%
10. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How to define a heatwave
Thermokarst Lake
Troposphere
11. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Today melting ice
doubles
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
12. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Inversion Layer Summer
Affect Floods and Droughts
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Black Carbon
13. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
Threshold departures
Calving
Very small portion
14. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Discontinuous
Stronger
Ice shelf
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
15. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ocean water
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
More rain means no drought
16. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Grounding Lines
Altimetry Cons
Troposphere
winter
17. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Threshold departures
Once every 4 years.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
18. The Earth emits this.
Methane
Agricultural Drought
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
19. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
7%
summer
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
20. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Radiative Forcing
Talik
Altimetry
21. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Types of Albedo
Wetter; drier
45%
Positive
22. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Heat wave
Atmospheric Structure
Absolute thresholds
Thermohaline Circulation
23. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Surface Mass Balance
Melt
How we measure Mass Balance
30%
24. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Global warming and hot nights?
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
.75OC/km-1
Inversion Layer (feedback)
25. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
air can warm dramatically
Types of Albedo
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice Sheets
26. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
More rain means no drought
Once every 4 years.
Importance of ice sheets
27. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
45%
GHG
Ice Sheets
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
28. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Severe coastal erosion
Ocean water
% of Greenhouse Gases
20%
29. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Open talik
In the troposphere that we live in.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
In the stratosphere.
30. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Altimetry Pros
Monthly maximums and minimums
Longwave Radiation
Ozone Hole
31. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Active Layer
7%
Through talik
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
32. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea-Ice Albedo
Frozen Soil
33. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
75-OC
Agricultural Drought
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
34. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
winter
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Permafrost
35. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Grounding Lines
Hydrological Drought
air can warm dramatically
Calving
36. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Once every 4 years.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
7%
Strong
37. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Grounding Lines
Positive feedbacks both found in...
38. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Surface Mass Balance
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice Cap
39. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Atmospheric Composition?
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Grounding v Surface Melting
Dynamic thinning
40. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Sublimation
The cryosphere
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
41. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Sea Ice
Ozone
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
42. 85%
Ice-Albedo
Closed talik
Sea-Ice Albedo
Strong
43. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Melt
How we measure Mass Balance
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice absorbs
44. The amount of light reflected by an object.
El Nino
Albedo
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Troposphere
45. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Mass Balance
Permafrost
Reduction in sea-ice extent
.75OC/km-1
46. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Positive
Warming; cooling
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Positive feedbacks both found in...
47. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Today melting ice
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Melt
48. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Surface Mass Balance
Depth v Surface
How a closed talik forms
49. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Carbon Dioxide
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice Cap
Mass Change
50. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Permafrost Degradation
Affect Floods and Droughts
Cloud Feedbacks