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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
70%
Permafrost
Air pollution
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
2. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Ozone
Ozone Hole
How a closed talik forms
Permafrost
3. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Thermokarst Lake
Affect Floods and Droughts
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
4. Where does the ozone protect us?
20%
Through talik
reduction in sea-ice
In the stratosphere.
5. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Calving
Ice-Albedo
Types of Albedo
US and precipitation
6. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Open talik
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ocean water
7. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Radiative Forcing
Mass Change
8. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
75-OC
Sublimation
Surface Mass Balance
9. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Grounding Lines
20%
1 m/yr; 10x
10. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Percentile departures
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice-Ocean Interactions
50%
11. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Thermohaline Circulation
50%
Dynamic thinning
air can warm dramatically
12. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Precipitation and High Latitudes
13. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Greenland
Shortwave Length
Positive
14. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Heat wave
Ice Cap
Layers of Earth
15. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
In the stratosphere.
Frozen Soil
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Greenland
16. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
7%
Sea Ice
Types of Albedo
17. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Accumulation
Increases - decreases
Indirect heat wave effect
18. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Earth's tilt
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermokarst
The Ozone Hole
19. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
25%
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Surface Mass Balance
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
20. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Summer
Ocean water
Warming; cooling
21. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
How to define a heatwave
Energy Budget
Positive feedbacks both found in...
% of Greenhouse Gases
22. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
7%
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Composition?
Active Layer
23. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Wetter; drier
Ice Cap
doubles
24. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
How a closed talik forms
Global warming and hot nights?
Earth's tilt
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
25. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Mass Budget
Infrared radiation
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
doubles
26. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Radiative Forcing
Ice/snow
Types of Albedo
27. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
70%
Accumulation
Increases - decreases
Thermohaline Circulation
28. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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29. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Negative
winter
Atmospheric Composition?
30. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Time Variable Gravity
Thinner atmosphere
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ozone Hole
31. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Ice/snow
Frozen Soil
70%
32. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
25%
Today melting ice
winter
La Nia
33. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Albedo
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Global warming and hot nights?
Surface Mass Balance
34. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
35. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Earth's tilt
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
In the troposphere that we live in.
36. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Calving
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
The cryosphere
Atmospheric Composition
37. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Discontinuous
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Today melting ice
38. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice Sheets
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Warming; cooling
Ice shelf
39. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
70%
The cryosphere
Thermohaline Circulatoin
40. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Dry
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice absorbs
Ice Motion
41. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
30%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Active Layer
42. How much is the planet really warming?
Questions to think about
Normal condition for air
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Sublimation
43. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
What effects the density
How to define a heatwave
20%
44. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Radiative Forcing
summer
Depth v Surface
Permafrost Degradation
45. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
% of Greenhouse Gases
Surface Mass Balance
Permafrost Degradation
Troposphere
46. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Mass Balance
1 m/yr; 10x
GHG
47. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Ice/snow
50%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
48. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Meteorological Drought
45%
Layers of Earth
Absolute thresholds
49. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Dry
Grounding Lines
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
summer
50. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Positive feedbacks both found in...
7%