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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
% of Greenhouse Gases
How to define a heatwave
winter
Ozone Hole
2. Where does the ozone protect us?
Very small portion
Ice Sheets
In the stratosphere.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
3. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Inversion Layer (feedback)
4. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Wetter; drier
Troposphere
Agricultural Drought
Monthly maximums and minimums
5. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
30%
Altimetry Cons
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
6. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Grounding Lines
Arctic Atmosphere
Dynamic thinning
Cloud Feedbacks
7. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Severe coastal erosion
Shortwave Length
Warming; cooling
8. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
winter
Sublimation
Ozone
Through talik
9. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Types of Albedo
Thermokarst
Ice Cap
Surface Mass Balance
10. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
In the stratosphere.
Types of Albedo
Thermokarst
11. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice absorbs
How talik forms under lakes
Once every 4 years.
Ice Shelf
12. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How talik forms under lakes
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
13. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
How a closed talik forms
Black Carbon
.7O Celsius over the past century.
The Ozone Hole
14. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Atmospheric Structure
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Altimetry (height)
Time Variable Gravity
15. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Increases - decreases
All Greenhouse gases
Absolute thresholds
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
16. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Grounding Lines
Altimetry (height)
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
In the troposphere that we live in.
17. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Atmospheric Composition
Threshold departures
20%
Global warming and hot nights?
18. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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19. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Greenland
Altimetry Cons
Depth v Surface
20. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Methane
What effects the density
Increases - decreases
21. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Heat Source and Pressure
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atmospheric Structure
22. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Inversion Layer Winter
Ozone
In the stratosphere.
Very small portion
23. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
doubles
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
30%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
24. High vs low
Ozone Hole
Cloud Feedbacks
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Sea Ice
25. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Severe coastal erosion
Carbon Dioxide
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Reduction in sea-ice extent
26. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Thermohaline Circulatoin
.75OC/km-1
Grounding Lines
27. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Stronger
Thermokarst
Ice Cap
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
28. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Altimetry (height)
La Nia
Ice-Albedo
29. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Normal condition for air
Atmospheric Composition?
Open talik
Earth's tilt
30. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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31. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Global warming and hot nights?
Arctic Atmosphere
Where rise in OC is greatest
32. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Ice absorbs
Infrared radiation
Meteorological Drought
Grounding v Surface Melting
33. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Altimetry Pros
Threshold departures
Ice/snow
winter
34. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Importance of ice sheets
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice loss
Atmospheric Composition?
35. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
75-OC
Antarctica
Thinner atmosphere
36. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Ice in the Arctic
Albedo
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Time Variable Gravity
37. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Active Layer
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Methane
Through talik
38. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Wetter; drier
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
US and precipitation
Precipitation and High Latitudes
39. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ice Shelf
Thermokarst Lake
45%
GHG
40. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Threshold departures
Grounding Lines
Antarctica
Ice-Albedo
41. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Arctic Atmosphere
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice loss
42. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thermohaline Circulation
Once every 4 years.
Global warming and hot nights?
43. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Ice Sheets
Surface Mass Balance
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Albedo
44. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Albedos of Snow and Ice
In the stratosphere.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
45. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Melt
Closed talik
The cryosphere
Active Layer
46. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ice Cap
Climate Change in the Arctic
Mass Balance
47. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
The cryosphere
Time Variable Gravity
48. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
In the stratosphere.
Permafrost
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
winter
49. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Ice Discharge
Why the Arctic climate is special
7%
Stronger
50. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Thermokarst Lake
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
All Greenhouse gases