SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
What effects the density
Albedos of Snow and Ice
summer
2. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Mass Budget
How to define a heatwave
Heat Source and Pressure
Discontinuous
3. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
reduction in sea-ice
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Meteorological Drought
4. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Depth v Surface
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Active Layer
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
5. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Positive feedbacks both found in...
How to define a heatwave
Open talik
6. More common
Sunspots
Inversion Layer Winter
Warm
Mass Budget
7. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
reduction in sea-ice
Discontinuous
45%
8. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Atmospheric Structure
Rainy
How a closed talik forms
9. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Hydrological Drought
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Dynamic thinning
Atmospheric Composition
10. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
The cryosphere
Absolute thresholds
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
11. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Dry
Grounding Lines
Atmospheric Structure
Warm
12. 85%
Thinner atmosphere
Percentile departures
Troposphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
13. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Through talik
Ice Sheets
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Atmospheric Composition
14. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
30%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
15. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Heat Source and Pressure
Troposphere
Surface Mass Balance
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
16. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Mass Balance
Thinner atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Today melting ice
17. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Agricultural Drought
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Frozen Soil
Melt
18. Where does the ozone protect us?
Questions to think about
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
All Greenhouse gases
In the stratosphere.
19. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Questions to think about
Mass Balance
Hydrological Drought
20. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
How to define a heatwave
Surface Mass Balance
Ice in the Arctic
Meteorological Drought
21. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Energy Budget
Questions to think about
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Reduction in sea-ice extent
22. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Once every 4 years.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Surface Mass Balance
23. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Meteorological Drought
Ice/snow
Ice absorbs
Arctic Atmosphere
24. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
50%
75-OC
How talik forms under lakes
Energy Budget
25. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Mass Balance
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Importance of ice sheets
Thermokarst Lake
26. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Accumulation
Carbon Dioxide
Ice absorbs
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
27. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Longwave Radiation
Altimetry Pros
Permafrost
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
28. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Ice-Albedo
Melt
Surface Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
29. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Arctic Atmosphere
How a closed talik forms
30. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Where rise in OC is greatest
Calving
How a closed talik forms
How we measure Mass Balance
31. Ocean retains ____ CO2
In the stratosphere.
25%
Indirect heat wave effect
Severe coastal erosion
32. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Affect Floods and Droughts
Radiative Forcing
Accumulation
33. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Time Variable Gravity
Why the Arctic climate is special
Natural Causes of Warming
Indirect heat wave effect
34. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ice in the Arctic
Ozone Hole
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Altimetry Pros
35. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Monthly maximums and minimums
Melt
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
36. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
Altimetry Pros
Warming; cooling
How to define a heatwave
37. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Through talik
Normal condition for air
Accumulation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
38. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Once every 4 years.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
In the stratosphere.
50%
39. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Mass Change
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Antarctica
40. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Hydrological Drought
Grounding Lines
summer
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
41. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Ice Sheets
Ice-Albedo
What effects the density
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
42. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Calving
Archimedes' Principle
Sea-Ice Albedo
43. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
50%
Why the Arctic climate is special
El Nino
Permafrost
44. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
30%
air can warm dramatically
Severe coastal erosion
45. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
How we measure Mass Balance
La Nia
Surface Mass Balance
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
46. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
7%
Thermokarst
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
47. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Motion
winter
Open talik
48. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
75-OC
Altimetry Cons
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
More rain means no drought
49. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
50%
Ice in the Arctic
7%
Ice-Albedo
50. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Negative
Thermokarst Lake
Layers of Earth
Today melting ice