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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
45%
Questions to think about
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
2. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Ice shelf
IPCC
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
3. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Layers of Earth
More rain means no drought
Thermohaline Circulation
How talik forms under lakes
4. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Warming; cooling
5. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Thermohaline Circulation
20%
Percentile departures
Grounding Lines
6. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Arctic Atmosphere
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
In the troposphere that we live in.
7. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
.75OC/km-1
Carbon Dioxide
Depth v Surface
8. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Warming; cooling
Altimetry Cons
Through talik
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
9. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
La Nia
Accumulation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
10. More common
Thermohaline Circulation
Agricultural Drought
Stronger
Inversion Layer Winter
11. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
% of Greenhouse Gases
Percentile departures
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
12. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice Motion
Radiative Flux
13. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice absorbs
Reduction in sea-ice extent
.7O Celsius over the past century.
14. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Threshold departures
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Types of Albedo
Ice Discharge
15. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Questions to think about
How to define a heatwave
Radiative Flux
Stronger
16. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
In the troposphere that we live in.
Altimetry (height)
Importance of ice sheets
Black Carbon
17. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Energy Budget
Radiative Flux
Arctic Atmosphere
Inversion Layer (feedback)
18. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
doubles
Very small portion
30%
In the stratosphere.
19. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Ice Sheets
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Sunspots
Sea Ice
20. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Greenhouse Gases
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Atmospheric Structure
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
21. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Importance of ice sheets
How to define a heatwave
Ice in the Arctic
22. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
reduction in sea-ice
Ice Sheets
Very small portion
Stronger
23. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Inversion Layer Summer
Albedo
75-OC
24. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
% of Greenhouse Gases
La Nia
25. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Wetter; drier
% of Greenhouse Gases
26. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice Cap
In the stratosphere.
Increases - decreases
27. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Carbon Dioxide
Talik
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
US and precipitation
28. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
45%
Earth's tilt
Methane
29. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
winter
Calving
Arctic Atmosphere
Atmospheric Structure
30. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Mass Change
Ice Sheets
Strong
Permafrost
31. How often does El Nio occur?
Natural Causes of Warming
Once every 4 years.
Inversion Layer Winter
Permafrost Degradation
32. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
IPCC
50%
Ice Sheets
Grounding Lines
33. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Permafrost Degradation
Depth v Surface
Open talik
34. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ozone Hole
Importance of ice sheets
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
35. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Permafrost
Active Layer
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Surface Mass Balance
36. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Dynamic thinning
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
37. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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38. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
.75OC/km-1
Sunspots
Energy Budget
Precipitation and High Latitudes
39. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
winter
Thermokarst
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
40. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Sea-Ice Albedo
Permafrost Degradation
Meteorological Drought
41. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Mass Budget
Greenhouse Gases
El Nino
Albedos of Snow and Ice
42. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Questions to think about
Greenhouse Gases
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Meteorological Drought
43. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Permafrost
% of Greenhouse Gases
Heat wave
44. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ocean water
Increases - decreases
Ice loss
45. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Talik
Discontinuous
Melt
46. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Ocean water
20%
50%
The Ozone Hole
47. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
30%
Thermokarst Lake
48. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Shortwave Length
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Permafrost Degradation
All Greenhouse gases
49. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Antarctica
Wetter; drier
Permafrost
Questions to think about
50. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Archimedes' Principle
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Air pollution
Increases - decreases