SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Sea Ice
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
More rain means no drought
2. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
The cryosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
How to define a heatwave
3. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Atmospheric Composition?
Thermohaline Circulation
Time Variable Gravity
Thermokarst Lake
4. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Meteorological Drought
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Atmospheric Composition?
Thermohaline Circulation
5. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
What effects the density
Sunspots
Warming; cooling
Altimetry
6. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Heat wave
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Radiative Forcing
7. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Positive
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
US and precipitation
8. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
summer
Surface Mass Balance
Importance of ice sheets
Percentile departures
9. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Very small portion
Thermokarst
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
10. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Permafrost
Absolute thresholds
Negative
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
11. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Layers of Earth
What effects the density
Thinner atmosphere
Altimetry Pros
12. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Ice loss
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
30%
Importance of ice sheets
13. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Altimetry Pros
Through talik
.7O Celsius over the past century.
.75OC/km-1
14. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Discontinuous
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
The cryosphere
% of Greenhouse Gases
15. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Longwave Radiation
Once every 4 years.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
16. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Altimetry (height)
Ice absorbs
17. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Radiative Forcing
Sea-Ice Albedo
18. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Thermohaline Circulation
Heat Source and Pressure
.7O Celsius over the past century.
19. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
All Greenhouse gases
Thermokarst
Ice Cap
20. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
21. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Dynamic thinning
20%
Ice Discharge
Radiative Flux
22. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
70%
Global warming and hot nights?
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Closed talik
23. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Depth v Surface
Mass Change
Albedo
Antarctica
24. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Ice shelf
In the stratosphere.
Ozone Hole
25. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
45%
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Atmospheric Circulation
Longwave Radiation
26. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Calving
Absolute thresholds
Atmospheric Structure
27. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
summer
Stronger
Rainy
Strong
28. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Thinner atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide
Ocean water
45%
29. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Threshold departures
What effects the density
Ice Discharge
30. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Mass Change
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Composition
Ocean water
31. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Sunspots
Thermokarst
Calving
Inversion Layer Summer
32. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
IPCC
Arctic Atmosphere
Sublimation
33. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
45%
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Carbon Dioxide
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
34. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Troposphere
In the troposphere that we live in.
35. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Today melting ice
Thermokarst Lake
Altimetry Pros
Depth v Surface
36. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Permafrost
Mass Balance
All Greenhouse gases
IPCC
37. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
reduction in sea-ice
Thermohaline Circulation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
38. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Sublimation
Ice Shelf
Indirect heat wave effect
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
39. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Albedo
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
GHG
40. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Cloud Feedbacks
Archimedes' Principle
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Shortwave Length
41. High vs low
Accumulation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Cloud Feedbacks
Layers of Earth
42. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
75-OC
7%
Arctic Atmosphere
43. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Ice Motion
Accumulation
Very small portion
44. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
7%
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
45. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
Types of Albedo
Ice/snow
46. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Atmospheric Structure
Infrared radiation
Active Layer
47. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Archimedes' Principle
More rain means no drought
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
48. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Warm
Rainy
25%
Closed talik
49. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Greenhouse Gases
Grounding Lines
50%
Ice Cap
50. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Radiative Forcing
Ice Cap
Grounding Lines