SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice Sheets
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
2. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Atmospheric Composition
Carbon Dioxide
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Cap
3. Melting Point decreases
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
.75OC/km-1
Methane
4. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Altimetry
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Time Variable Gravity
Depth v Surface
5. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
50%
Ice Shelf
Through talik
6. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
reduction in sea-ice
Heat wave
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Questions to think about
7. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
IPCC
Percentile departures
Greenland
8. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Ice absorbs
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
70%
Archimedes' Principle
9. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Open talik
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
summer
Ice Sheets
10. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Thermohaline Circulation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Types of Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
11. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
In the troposphere that we live in.
Talik
Arctic Atmosphere
12. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
How to define a heatwave
Atmospheric Structure
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
45%
13. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Calving
Antarctica
Atmospheric Composition?
Infrared radiation
14. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Altimetry Cons
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
15. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Once every 4 years.
Severe coastal erosion
Air pollution
Thinner atmosphere
16. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Affect Floods and Droughts
Permafrost Degradation
More rain means no drought
50%
17. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Open talik
Negative
Meteorological Drought
Positive
18. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Wetter; drier
Inversion Layer Summer
19. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Ice absorbs
Climate Change in the Arctic
Energy Budget
Shortwave Length
20. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Ice shelf
Melt
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Radiative Forcing
21. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
The cryosphere
22. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Active Layer
Threshold departures
Warm
Where rise in OC is greatest
23. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Ice Cap
Altimetry (height)
Thermokarst Lake
24. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Atmospheric Composition?
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
25. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Absolute thresholds
Where rise in OC is greatest
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Grounding v Surface Melting
26. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Methane
Absolute thresholds
Heat Source and Pressure
Black Carbon
27. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Shelf
Arctic Atmosphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
28. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Natural Causes of Warming
Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition?
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
29. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Dynamic thinning
Grounding v Surface Melting
Thermokarst Lake
Atmospheric Circulation
30. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Grounding Lines
Heat Source and Pressure
Surface Mass Balance
Calving
31. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
What happens with the Ozone Hole
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Types of Albedo
32. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Ice Sheets
.75OC/km-1
Altimetry
33. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Archimedes' Principle
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Permafrost
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
34. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
All Greenhouse gases
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Climate Change in the Arctic
Increases - decreases
35. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice Motion
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ice shelf
36. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Open talik
Atmospheric Structure
Longwave Radiation
37. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Depth v Surface
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Very small portion
38. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Ice Cap
Meteorological Drought
Ice-Ocean Interactions
El Nino
39. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Greenland
Ice Sheets
20%
Antarctica
40. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Radiative Flux
Ozone
Active Layer
Rainy
41. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Atmospheric Composition?
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice Cap
How a closed talik forms
42. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Natural Causes of Warming
Atmospheric Structure
Today melting ice
Ice-Albedo
43. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
reduction in sea-ice
Melt
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
44. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Rainy
Shortwave Length
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Very small portion
45. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
45%
Mass Change
Open talik
Greenland
46. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
doubles
45%
Air pollution
47. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Once every 4 years.
Frozen Soil
GHG
Permafrost
48. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Surface Mass Balance
Importance of ice sheets
Ozone
Warm
49. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Melt
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
50. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
25%
Warm
Heat wave