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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Positive
Atmospheric Composition?
2. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
La Nia
30%
3. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
75-OC
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Thermohaline Circulation
4. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Dynamic thinning
Threshold departures
5. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Methane
Open talik
Altimetry
Dynamic thinning
6. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Atmospheric Circulation
Black Carbon
Methane
7. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
US and precipitation
25%
Grounding v Surface Melting
Today melting ice
8. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Through talik
Thinner atmosphere
Ice Sheets
Talik
9. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
7%
Ice Shelf
In the troposphere that we live in.
Rainy
10. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Surface Mass Balance
Ice shelf
11. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Types of Albedo
Percentile departures
What effects the density
Inversion Layer (feedback)
12. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Once every 4 years.
Increases - decreases
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thermokarst Lake
13. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Warm
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Heat Source and Pressure
Absolute thresholds
14. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Surface Mass Balance
Thermokarst
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ozone Hole
15. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Atmospheric Circulation
70%
Hydrological Drought
16. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Ice-Albedo
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
GHG
17. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Mass Budget
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Closed talik
Indirect heat wave effect
18. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Carbon Dioxide
Thermokarst Lake
Ice/snow
Frozen Soil
19. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
The Ozone Hole
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
El Nino
20. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Ozone Hole
Rainy
Types of Albedo
US and precipitation
21. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
How we measure Mass Balance
Melt
Why the Arctic climate is special
Infrared radiation
22. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atmospheric Composition
Layers of Earth
23. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Meteorological Drought
Rainy
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ocean water
24. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice/snow
Radiative Forcing
Antarctica
25. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
The Ozone Hole
Absolute thresholds
Questions to think about
Albedos of Snow and Ice
26. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Through talik
Ice Sheets
Importance of ice sheets
25%
27. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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28. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Atmospheric Composition
In the troposphere that we live in.
Climate Change in the Arctic
29. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Monthly maximums and minimums
The Ozone Hole
Permafrost
Albedo
30. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
31. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Thermokarst
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Through talik
Dry
32. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Very small portion
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Methane
Ocean water
33. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
In the stratosphere.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Mass Balance
Normal condition for air
34. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Atmospheric Structure
Global warming and hot nights?
Indirect heat wave effect
35. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice Sheets
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Questions to think about
36. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
30%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Types of Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
37. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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38. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Where rise in OC is greatest
Atmospheric Composition?
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
39. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Ocean water
summer
The Ozone Hole
El Nino
40. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Heat Source and Pressure
Warm
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice Sheets
41. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
75-OC
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Negative
42. 85%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atmospheric Composition
Methane
Sea-Ice Albedo
43. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice Sheets
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice in the Arctic
44. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice Shelf
45. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
What effects the density
Ice Cap
46. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Talik
Carbon Dioxide
30%
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
47. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
How we measure Mass Balance
Strong
Precipitation and High Latitudes
reduction in sea-ice
48. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice-Albedo
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
49. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Carbon Dioxide
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
50. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
summer
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Heat Source and Pressure
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