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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Greenhouse Gases
Today melting ice
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Climate Change in the Arctic
2. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst
Depth v Surface
Threshold departures
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
3. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Heat wave
reduction in sea-ice
Depth v Surface
Carbon Dioxide
4. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
20%
In the stratosphere.
Agricultural Drought
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
5. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Hydrological Drought
Longwave Radiation
6. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
20%
The cryosphere
7. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Time Variable Gravity
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ozone Hole
8. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
What effects the density
Altimetry (height)
Atmospheric Composition?
Indirect heat wave effect
9. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Antarctica
% of Greenhouse Gases
More rain means no drought
reduction in sea-ice
10. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Greenland
air can warm dramatically
Shortwave Length
Earth's tilt
11. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Thermokarst
summer
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice Sheets
12. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Open talik
Altimetry Cons
Atmospheric Composition
Natural Causes of Warming
13. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Earth's tilt
Atmospheric Structure
14. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
Altimetry Pros
Inversion Layer Summer
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
15. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
45%
30%
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ozone Hole
16. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Surface Mass Balance
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Dry
17. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Open talik
Global warming and hot nights?
Active Layer
Thermokarst
18. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Sea Ice
In the stratosphere.
30%
19. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Inversion Layer Winter
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Energy Budget
Atmospheric Circulation
20. How much is the planet really warming?
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Percentile departures
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
21. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Climate Change in the Arctic
doubles
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
22. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ozone
In the troposphere that we live in.
Active Layer
23. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Frozen Soil
Ice/snow
Melt
24. Amount of light absorbed by surface
US and precipitation
Ice Shelf
50%
Normal condition for air
25. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Severe coastal erosion
La Nia
Normal condition for air
Black Carbon
26. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
How to define a heatwave
Permafrost
Ice shelf
Through talik
27. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice loss
28. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Arctic Atmosphere
What effects the density
Thermohaline Circulation
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
29. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Albedos of Snow and Ice
45%
The Ozone Hole
Earth's tilt
30. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Monthly maximums and minimums
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Agricultural Drought
Wetter; drier
31. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Agricultural Drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Troposphere
32. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
The cryosphere
Ice-Albedo
Frozen Soil
33. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Sunspots
Global warming and hot nights?
winter
34. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
summer
Surface Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
35. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
30%
Infrared radiation
Layers of Earth
Permafrost Degradation
36. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice shelf
Why the Arctic climate is special
% of Greenhouse Gases
37. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Percentile departures
Meteorological Drought
La Nia
Heat Source and Pressure
38. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Infrared radiation
Antarctica
Heat Source and Pressure
Time Variable Gravity
39. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Surface Mass Balance
Positive
Depth v Surface
Active Layer
40. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Archimedes' Principle
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
41. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Troposphere
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice Sheets
42. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
Through talik
Earth's tilt
Global warming and hot nights?
43. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition
Inversion Layer (feedback)
.75OC/km-1
44. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Monthly maximums and minimums
Negative
Albedos of Snow and Ice
45. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Melt
Ice in the Arctic
Shortwave Length
46. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
US and precipitation
Ocean water
Altimetry (height)
Time Variable Gravity
47. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
Arctic Atmosphere
Cloud Feedbacks
Antarctica
48. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Altimetry Cons
Archimedes' Principle
Surface Mass Balance
Where rise in OC is greatest
49. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Talik
Altimetry Cons
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
50. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
30%
Greenland
Mass Budget