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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
20%
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice absorbs
Questions to think about
2. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
50%
Surface Mass Balance
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ozone
3. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Permafrost Degradation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Warming; cooling
How to define a heatwave
4. High vs low
Atmospheric Circulation
Cloud Feedbacks
Strong
Ice absorbs
5. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Absolute thresholds
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Affect Floods and Droughts
US and precipitation
6. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Through talik
Grounding v Surface Melting
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
7. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Earth's tilt
Ice-Albedo
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
8. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Ice Sheets
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Methane
9. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Carbon Dioxide
Time Variable Gravity
Climate Change in the Arctic
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
10. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Percentile departures
30%
Heat wave
Ice Motion
11. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
How we measure Mass Balance
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thermokarst
Where rise in OC is greatest
12. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Warm
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Grounding v Surface Melting
Albedo
13. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Absolute thresholds
Open talik
El Nio is in the coasts of...
14. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice-Albedo
Agricultural Drought
Types of Albedo
15. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Carbon Dioxide
Positive
Active Layer
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
16. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Altimetry Pros
Indirect heat wave effect
30%
winter
17. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Melt
Thermokarst Lake
More rain means no drought
Affect Floods and Droughts
18. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Absolute thresholds
Thermohaline Circulation
How to define a heatwave
19. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Altimetry Cons
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Sea-Ice Albedo
20. 240 w/m squared
Atmospheric Structure
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
70%
21. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Sunspots
Methane
Threshold departures
Increases - decreases
22. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Inversion Layer Winter
Dry
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
air can warm dramatically
23. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Carbon Dioxide
What happens with the Ozone Hole
24. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Negative
Thinner atmosphere
Percentile departures
25. 85%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Why the Arctic climate is special
Sea-Ice Albedo
26. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Permafrost
Global warming and hot nights?
Negative
El Nio is in the coasts of...
27. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Air pollution
Thermokarst Lake
Thermokarst
Inversion Layer (feedback)
28. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Inversion Layer Winter
Wetter; drier
Active Layer
Why the Arctic climate is special
29. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Greenhouse Gases
Ice Sheets
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
30. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Today melting ice
More rain means no drought
30%
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
31. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Dry
Percentile departures
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Atmospheric Circulation
32. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Ozone Hole
El Nino
Through talik
Where rise in OC is greatest
33. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Archimedes' Principle
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Sunspots
Albedo
34. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
All Greenhouse gases
Thermokarst
Radiative Forcing
35. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
IPCC
Frozen Soil
Greenhouse Gases
Agricultural Drought
36. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Radiative Flux
How to define a heatwave
Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
37. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Ice shelf
Longwave Radiation
Accumulation
In the troposphere that we live in.
38. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Greenland
US and precipitation
Sea Ice
Heat wave
39. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
How we measure Mass Balance
Stronger
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Positive feedbacks both found in...
40. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Mass Budget
Radiative Flux
Agricultural Drought
Types of Albedo
41. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
How to define a heatwave
Meteorological Drought
30%
What effects the density
42. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Indirect heat wave effect
How talik forms under lakes
7%
Global warming and hot nights?
43. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Discontinuous
Greenhouse Gases
Ice in the Arctic
44. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Arctic Atmosphere
La Nia
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
45. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Where rise in OC is greatest
Mass Change
More rain means no drought
46. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
US and precipitation
7%
Hydrological Drought
47. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
air can warm dramatically
Once every 4 years.
Ice Cap
Ice Motion
48. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Mass Change
Grounding v Surface Melting
Sunspots
Depth v Surface
49. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Air pollution
How to define a heatwave
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Precipitation and High Latitudes
50. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Altimetry (height)
Methane
How talik forms under lakes