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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Melt
Active Layer
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ozone Hole
2. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Radiative Flux
Surface Mass Balance
Melt
3. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Heat Source and Pressure
Ocean water
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
4. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
50%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice-Albedo
5. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Layers of Earth
Thinner atmosphere
Altimetry Cons
% of Greenhouse Gases
6. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Earth's tilt
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Today melting ice
7. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Once every 4 years.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ocean water
8. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Black Carbon
Ozone Hole
Thinner atmosphere
9. 240 w/m squared
Types of Albedo
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
How a closed talik forms
Ice in the Arctic
10. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Surface Mass Balance
Permafrost
Positive
11. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
GHG
US and precipitation
Greenland
Threshold departures
12. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
How to define a heatwave
Altimetry
Inversion Layer Winter
13. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Time Variable Gravity
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Grounding Lines
14. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Questions to think about
15. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Altimetry Pros
Active Layer
45%
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
16. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Black Carbon
Atmospheric Composition?
50%
17. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Wetter; drier
Radiative Forcing
Permafrost
18. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Agricultural Drought
Negative
Earth's tilt
Precipitation and High Latitudes
19. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Dynamic thinning
.75OC/km-1
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
20. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Depth v Surface
% of Greenhouse Gases
.7O Celsius over the past century.
summer
21. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Depth v Surface
Ice in the Arctic
Ice absorbs
22. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Indirect heat wave effect
Time Variable Gravity
Types of Albedo
Methane
23. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Climate Change in the Arctic
Grounding v Surface Melting
Carbon Dioxide
The Ozone Hole
24. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Time Variable Gravity
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Troposphere
25. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Increases - decreases
El Nio is in the coasts of...
summer
Dry
26. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Dynamic thinning
30%
Active Layer
Arctic Atmosphere
27. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Ice-Albedo
Questions to think about
Atmospheric Composition?
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
28. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Greenland
Air pollution
Methane
29. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Antarctica
Calving
Thinner atmosphere
.75OC/km-1
30. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Negative
Ice Discharge
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
31. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
The cryosphere
Absolute thresholds
32. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Heat Source and Pressure
air can warm dramatically
Ice/snow
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
33. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Percentile departures
Ice Discharge
El Nio is in the coasts of...
% of Greenhouse Gases
34. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Black Carbon
Absolute thresholds
air can warm dramatically
Where rise in OC is greatest
35. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
How to define a heatwave
Dynamic thinning
Atmospheric Structure
Importance of ice sheets
36. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
In the troposphere that we live in.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Positive
Mass Change
37. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Thermokarst Lake
Archimedes' Principle
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
1 m/yr; 10x
38. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
39. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
In the stratosphere.
Shortwave Length
Ice Shelf
Warming; cooling
40. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Ice Motion
45%
What effects the density
Altimetry
41. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Open talik
Thermokarst
Warm
Mass Balance
42. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Longwave Radiation
Talik
Archimedes' Principle
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
43. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Importance of ice sheets
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Sea Ice
El Nio is in the coasts of...
44. How much is the planet really warming?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Greenland
50%
45. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Today melting ice
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Frozen Soil
Climate Change in the Arctic
46. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
winter
Altimetry (height)
47. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Thermokarst
Agricultural Drought
The cryosphere
Mass Change
48. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Stronger
Closed talik
Shortwave Length
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
49. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Talik
Why the Arctic climate is special
The cryosphere
70%
50. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Frozen Soil
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Radiative Flux
Inversion Layer (feedback)