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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Heat wave
Threshold departures
Surface Mass Balance
Natural Causes of Warming
2. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Frozen Soil
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice absorbs
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
3. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Permafrost
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulation
Permafrost Degradation
4. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
5. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
Monthly maximums and minimums
75-OC
Ice Cap
6. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Greenland
Carbon Dioxide
Heat Source and Pressure
7. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ozone
Positive
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
8. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Ice Discharge
Rainy
Ice-Ocean Interactions
reduction in sea-ice
9. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Today melting ice
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ice/snow
10. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Thinner atmosphere
Discontinuous
More rain means no drought
How we measure Mass Balance
11. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Ice-Albedo
Dynamic thinning
Arctic Atmosphere
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
12. Really measures volume.
Ice Motion
Meteorological Drought
summer
Altimetry
13. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
reduction in sea-ice
Methane
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
14. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Active Layer
Affect Floods and Droughts
Heat wave
15. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
In the stratosphere.
Severe coastal erosion
Thermokarst
16. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Ice Shelf
Antarctica
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
17. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Cloud Feedbacks
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Closed talik
18. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Greenland
Layers of Earth
Radiative Forcing
Types of Albedo
19. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ozone Hole
Mass Change
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
20. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Methane
In the stratosphere.
What effects the density
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
21. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Altimetry Cons
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Positive feedbacks both found in...
air can warm dramatically
22. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Grounding v Surface Melting
Carbon Dioxide
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Antarctica
23. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Once every 4 years.
Permafrost
Ozone Hole
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
24. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Negative
25. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Dynamic thinning
Ice Shelf
Absolute thresholds
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
26. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How a closed talik forms
Importance of ice sheets
27. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Altimetry Cons
Inversion Layer Summer
% of Greenhouse Gases
28. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
US and precipitation
Ice Cap
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Energy Budget
29. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Energy Budget
Infrared radiation
Dynamic thinning
Grounding v Surface Melting
30. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Ice in the Arctic
All Greenhouse gases
Talik
31. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Mass Balance
Ice/snow
Frozen Soil
Hydrological Drought
32. Amount of light absorbed by surface
reduction in sea-ice
More rain means no drought
50%
Inversion Layer Summer
33. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Infrared radiation
Radiative Forcing
Greenhouse Gases
Surface Mass Balance
34. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Surface Mass Balance
30%
Time Variable Gravity
35. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Black Carbon
Surface Mass Balance
El Nino
36. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Melt
50%
Infrared radiation
% of Greenhouse Gases
37. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Mass Budget
air can warm dramatically
Layers of Earth
38. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
The cryosphere
Dry
Strong
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
39. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Greenland
7%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
40. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Threshold departures
Atmospheric Composition
Cloud Feedbacks
41. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Discharge
Atmospheric Structure
Thermohaline Circulation
42. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Depth v Surface
Accumulation
Wetter; drier
43. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Heat wave
Agricultural Drought
Negative
Inversion Layer (feedback)
44. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Thermokarst
Archimedes' Principle
Ice Discharge
Ice absorbs
45. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition?
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Sea Ice
46. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Arctic Atmosphere
Troposphere
Atmospheric Structure
Talik
47. Total absorbed solar radiation
Natural Causes of Warming
Archimedes' Principle
What happens with the Ozone Hole
70%
48. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermokarst
Ice Discharge
Atmospheric Structure
49. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Greenland
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Surface Mass Balance
50. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
air can warm dramatically
Inversion Layer Summer
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Active Layer