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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Percentile departures
20%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea-Ice Albedo
2. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice loss
Antarctica
70%
3. Measures input and output.
Ice Sheets
Mass Budget
Global warming and hot nights?
What happens with the Ozone Hole
4. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Ocean water
Grounding v Surface Melting
Rainy
5. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Ice absorbs
In the troposphere that we live in.
How we measure Mass Balance
6. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Monthly maximums and minimums
% of Greenhouse Gases
Thermokarst
Earth's tilt
7. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Heat wave
Sea-Ice Albedo
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
8. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Discontinuous
How a closed talik forms
Radiative Forcing
La Nia
9. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Ozone Hole
Ice shelf
30%
How a closed talik forms
10. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Energy Budget
The Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
How to define a heatwave
11. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Greenhouse Gases
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Altimetry
12. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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13. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Warming; cooling
What effects the density
14. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Mass Change
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
15. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
GHG
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Closed talik
16. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Antarctica
Climate Change in the Arctic
Atmospheric Composition?
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
17. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Black Carbon
Antarctica
25%
Ice Cap
18. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
All Greenhouse gases
Ice-Albedo
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Altimetry (height)
19. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Energy Budget
Air pollution
Talik
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
20. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Thermohaline Circulation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ice in the Arctic
21. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Thermohaline Circulation
Heat wave
Altimetry Cons
Percentile departures
22. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Agricultural Drought
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Surface Mass Balance
23. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Ozone Hole
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice Sheets
Meteorological Drought
24. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Depth v Surface
Radiative Flux
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Inversion Layer Summer
25. More common
Ice Motion
Shortwave Length
Inversion Layer Winter
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
26. Where does the ozone protect us?
winter
In the stratosphere.
Greenland
Heat wave
27. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Ice-Albedo
Infrared radiation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
28. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
In the stratosphere.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Permafrost Degradation
Normal condition for air
29. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Positive feedbacks both found in...
1 m/yr; 10x
30. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Dynamic thinning
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice Discharge
Very small portion
31. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Once every 4 years.
Types of Albedo
Warm
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
32. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
GHG
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Rainy
Hydrological Drought
33. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
reduction in sea-ice
Agricultural Drought
Dry
34. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
How a closed talik forms
Warming; cooling
Ice loss
35. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Dynamic thinning
El Nino
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
36. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Ice shelf
Layers of Earth
What happens with the Ozone Hole
37. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
GHG
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
38. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Surface Mass Balance
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Longwave Radiation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
39. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Thermokarst
Antarctica
Carbon Dioxide
Albedos of Snow and Ice
40. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
IPCC
Ice/snow
Surface Mass Balance
Absolute thresholds
41. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Active Layer
Ozone Hole
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ocean water
42. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Ice Cap
air can warm dramatically
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Meteorological Drought
43. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice absorbs
44. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
reduction in sea-ice
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Types of Albedo
45. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Talik
Climate Change in the Arctic
Cloud Feedbacks
46. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Atmospheric Structure
How a closed talik forms
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
47. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
La Nia
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
48. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Thermokarst
In the troposphere that we live in.
El Nino
49. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Albedos of Snow and Ice
1 m/yr; 10x
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
50. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Ice absorbs
Atmospheric Composition
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ozone Hole