Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






2. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






3. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






4. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






5. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






6. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






7. Permafrost- A frozen soil






8. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






9. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






10. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






11. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






12. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






13. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






14. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






15. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






16. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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17. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






18. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






19. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






20. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.






21. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






22. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.






23. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






24. Ocean retains ____ CO2






25. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






26. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor






27. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






28. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






29. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






30. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






31. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






32. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






33. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.






34. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century






35. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






36. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.






37. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.






38. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.






39. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






40. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2






41. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






42. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






43. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






44. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






45. How much is the planet really warming?






46. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






47. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






48. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






49. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






50. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.