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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
The cryosphere
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Talik
2. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
% of Greenhouse Gases
Questions to think about
Air pollution
3. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Depth v Surface
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Reduction in sea-ice extent
4. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Thermokarst
GHG
In the troposphere that we live in.
5. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
7%
Ice Discharge
Dry
6. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Talik
GHG
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Discontinuous
7. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
What effects the density
Types of Albedo
Ocean water
Ice Sheets
8. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Talik
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
30%
9. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Methane
Mass Balance
All Greenhouse gases
summer
10. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice Shelf
Percentile departures
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
11. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Antarctica
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice in the Arctic
12. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Ice Sheets
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thinner atmosphere
Agricultural Drought
13. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
Ocean water
Closed talik
How we measure Mass Balance
14. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Wetter; drier
Absolute thresholds
In the troposphere that we live in.
1 m/yr; 10x
15. Measures input and output.
Accumulation
Energy Budget
Once every 4 years.
Mass Budget
16. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Heat Source and Pressure
Open talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Antarctica
17. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Sunspots
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Heat Source and Pressure
18. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Where rise in OC is greatest
Antarctica
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Questions to think about
19. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Accumulation
45%
Closed talik
Thermokarst Lake
20. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
50%
Ice/snow
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Meteorological Drought
21. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Altimetry Cons
summer
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Altimetry (height)
22. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Mass Balance
Altimetry
Active Layer
summer
23. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Dry
Today melting ice
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
24. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
The cryosphere
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Radiative Forcing
Positive
25. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
How talik forms under lakes
Altimetry Pros
26. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
winter
Questions to think about
Hydrological Drought
Discontinuous
27. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
In the troposphere that we live in.
GHG
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Closed talik
28. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Increases - decreases
reduction in sea-ice
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
29. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Active Layer
Albedos of Snow and Ice
30. How much is the planet really warming?
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
45%
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ozone Hole
31. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Mass Budget
Energy Budget
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Affect Floods and Droughts
32. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Mass Budget
Precipitation and High Latitudes
winter
Heat Source and Pressure
33. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
reduction in sea-ice
Sunspots
Active Layer
34. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Sea-Ice Albedo
Cloud Feedbacks
30%
35. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Once every 4 years.
Ozone
Time Variable Gravity
Hydrological Drought
36. More common
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Inversion Layer Winter
reduction in sea-ice
Thermokarst
37. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
How we measure Mass Balance
Percentile departures
Warm
38. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Permafrost
How talik forms under lakes
Sunspots
39. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Thermokarst
Inversion Layer Summer
Time Variable Gravity
Mass Change
40. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Sea Ice
La Nia
Heat Source and Pressure
Ocean water
41. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Discontinuous
Ice Discharge
GHG
Stronger
42. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Cloud Feedbacks
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Once every 4 years.
43. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
Calving
Energy Budget
Ice Shelf
44. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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45. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
70%
Threshold departures
Monthly maximums and minimums
46. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Negative
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
47. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Surface Mass Balance
25%
Global warming and hot nights?
48. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice absorbs
Affect Floods and Droughts
49. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Talik
La Nia
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Dynamic thinning
50. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Sunspots
La Nia
Discontinuous