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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






2. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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3. How often does El Nio occur?






4. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






5. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






6. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






7. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






8. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






9. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






10. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.






11. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






12. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






13. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






14. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






15. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought






16. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






17. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






18. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






19. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.






20. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






21. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






22. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






23. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






24. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.






25. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






26. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






27. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






28. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






29. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






30. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






31. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






32. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.






33. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






34. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






35. Ocean retains ____ CO2






36. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






37. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






38. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






39. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






40. High vs low






41. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






42. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






43. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.






44. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)






45. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface






46. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






47. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






48. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






49. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






50. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.







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