SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Importance of ice sheets
Ozone
% of Greenhouse Gases
El Nio is in the coasts of...
2. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Archimedes' Principle
Affect Floods and Droughts
Meteorological Drought
3. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Percentile departures
Antarctica
4. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Thermokarst
US and precipitation
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Surface Mass Balance
5. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Rainy
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Hydrological Drought
6. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
reduction in sea-ice
winter
Thermokarst
7. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Greenhouse Gases
Permafrost
How we measure Mass Balance
doubles
8. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Methane
Ocean water
Atmospheric Structure
9. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Altimetry Pros
Infrared radiation
Affect Floods and Droughts
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
10. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Mass Budget
Greenhouse Gases
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
% of Greenhouse Gases
11. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Ocean water
Altimetry Pros
Methane
Ice Discharge
12. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Heat wave
Wetter; drier
Affect Floods and Droughts
Types of Albedo
13. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
La Nia
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Active Layer
14. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Melt
Stronger
Positive
15. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Ice Discharge
Discontinuous
Thinner atmosphere
The cryosphere
16. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Thinner atmosphere
Percentile departures
Warm
Monthly maximums and minimums
17. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Methane
Today melting ice
Normal condition for air
18. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Heat Source and Pressure
Strong
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
19. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermohaline Circulation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Affect Floods and Droughts
20. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
In the stratosphere.
Meteorological Drought
Mass Budget
Global warming and hot nights?
21. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
22. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Depth v Surface
Severe coastal erosion
Grounding Lines
23. Less frequent and weaker
Dynamic thinning
Carbon Dioxide
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Inversion Layer Summer
24. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Hydrological Drought
.75OC/km-1
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
25. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
How to define a heatwave
Why the Arctic climate is special
Atmospheric Composition
Negative
26. The Earth emits this.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Accumulation
Wetter; drier
Longwave Radiation
27. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Mass Change
Sunspots
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
.75OC/km-1
28. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Thermohaline Circulation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Infrared radiation
Rainy
29. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Increases - decreases
Open talik
Dry
30. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
7%
Sublimation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice shelf
31. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Energy Budget
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
1 m/yr; 10x
32. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
The Ozone Hole
Ice-Albedo
Time Variable Gravity
El Nino
33. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Thinner atmosphere
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Agricultural Drought
Warm
34. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Sea Ice
Mass Budget
Ice shelf
What effects the density
35. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Normal condition for air
Grounding v Surface Melting
Natural Causes of Warming
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
36. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Rainy
Grounding v Surface Melting
30%
25%
37. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Mass Budget
20%
Warm
Through talik
38. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Dynamic thinning
Strong
Threshold departures
Ice Shelf
39. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Greenhouse Gases
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
50%
Archimedes' Principle
40. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
More rain means no drought
How we measure Mass Balance
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Sublimation
41. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
45%
Atmospheric Circulation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Active Layer
42. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Depth v Surface
Discontinuous
Percentile departures
What happens with the Ozone Hole
43. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
summer
Time Variable Gravity
44. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Normal condition for air
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice loss
45. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
The cryosphere
Thinner atmosphere
Melt
GHG
46. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Mass Change
Accumulation
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
47. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Permafrost
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice Motion
48. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
Surface Mass Balance
Carbon Dioxide
reduction in sea-ice
49. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
75-OC
How a closed talik forms
Today melting ice
Ice loss
50. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Ozone
Black Carbon
Atmospheric Composition
% of Greenhouse Gases