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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
summer
50%
Layers of Earth
2. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Sunspots
Mass Change
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
3. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
1 m/yr; 10x
Absolute thresholds
Antarctica
Altimetry Pros
4. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Ozone
Energy Budget
45%
Atmospheric Composition
5. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ocean water
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Permafrost Degradation
6. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Altimetry Cons
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Antarctica
7. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Ocean water
Radiative Flux
Monthly maximums and minimums
8. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sunspots
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
9. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
Indirect heat wave effect
Negative
Grounding Lines
10. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Normal condition for air
Monthly maximums and minimums
How we measure Mass Balance
Albedos of Snow and Ice
11. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Normal condition for air
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thermokarst
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
12. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Ice Sheets
Troposphere
Grounding v Surface Melting
US and precipitation
13. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Frozen Soil
IPCC
Sunspots
Accumulation
14. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Heat Source and Pressure
Thermohaline Circulatoin
70%
Talik
15. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Strong
Ice Cap
16. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice in the Arctic
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Positive
17. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
18. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Ice/snow
Infrared radiation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
19. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
25%
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
20. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Sublimation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Altimetry
Grounding Lines
21. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Ice loss
Importance of ice sheets
What effects the density
Percentile departures
22. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
How to define a heatwave
Where rise in OC is greatest
Indirect heat wave effect
23. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Mass Budget
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Arctic Atmosphere
24. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Cloud Feedbacks
Calving
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermokarst
25. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Warm
Closed talik
26. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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27. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
30%
Ice Discharge
Grounding Lines
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
28. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Ice loss
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
29. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Longwave Radiation
Ice-Albedo
Indirect heat wave effect
Reduction in sea-ice extent
30. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Inversion Layer Summer
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Warm
31. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Agricultural Drought
1 m/yr; 10x
Sublimation
30%
32. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Positive
Thermokarst Lake
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice shelf
33. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Atmospheric Composition?
Methane
How we measure Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
34. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Thermokarst
La Nia
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ocean water
35. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
GHG
US and precipitation
Today melting ice
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
36. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
In the stratosphere.
Sublimation
US and precipitation
37. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
Antarctica
38. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
Greenland
How talik forms under lakes
Inversion Layer Summer
39. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Today melting ice
Meteorological Drought
Earth's tilt
Questions to think about
40. Really measures volume.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thinner atmosphere
Altimetry
Atmospheric Composition?
41. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Mass Budget
All Greenhouse gases
Monthly maximums and minimums
Greenhouse Gases
42. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
IPCC
Atmospheric Structure
Climate Change in the Arctic
air can warm dramatically
43. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice Sheets
Altimetry (height)
44. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Thinner atmosphere
Atmospheric Composition
Grounding Lines
Albedos of Snow and Ice
45. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Talik
Permafrost
Through talik
46. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Ozone
Increases - decreases
Ice Motion
47. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
The Ozone Hole
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice/snow
Antarctica
48. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Shortwave Length
25%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Normal condition for air
49. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
.75OC/km-1
Thinner atmosphere
Global warming and hot nights?
50. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
Closed talik
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere