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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Calving
Inversion Layer (feedback)
More rain means no drought
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
2. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Layers of Earth
Greenland
Permafrost
3. High vs low
In the troposphere that we live in.
Once every 4 years.
Cloud Feedbacks
Ocean water
4. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Ozone Hole
Ice loss
Sunspots
reduction in sea-ice
5. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Frozen Soil
1 m/yr; 10x
Heat Source and Pressure
.7O Celsius over the past century.
6. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ice Sheets
Questions to think about
Ice shelf
Albedo
7. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Strong
Thinner atmosphere
8. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
In the troposphere that we live in.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Mass Balance
9. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Depth v Surface
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
In the troposphere that we live in.
10. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Why the Arctic climate is special
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
11. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
In the troposphere that we live in.
Calving
How talik forms under lakes
12. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Normal condition for air
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
The Ozone Hole
Affect Floods and Droughts
13. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Radiative Forcing
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Atmospheric Composition
14. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
GHG
20%
Methane
Sunspots
15. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Climate Change in the Arctic
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Atmospheric Structure
16. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Layers of Earth
Permafrost
Global warming and hot nights?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
17. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Depth v Surface
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Mass Change
18. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Rainy
Frozen Soil
Wetter; drier
El Nio is in the coasts of...
19. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
IPCC
Rainy
Arctic Atmosphere
Discontinuous
20. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Calving
Increases - decreases
Positive
Ice in the Arctic
21. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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22. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Altimetry Cons
Ice Sheets
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ocean water
23. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
Today melting ice
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
.7O Celsius over the past century.
24. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Sunspots
In the stratosphere.
25. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Permafrost
Grounding v Surface Melting
summer
26. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
.75OC/km-1
Ice Shelf
Positive
Ice shelf
27. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Hydrological Drought
Greenland
Altimetry Cons
28. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
winter
Negative
El Nio is in the coasts of...
29. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Ocean water
Layers of Earth
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice Cap
30. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
winter
US and precipitation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Cloud Feedbacks
31. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Sunspots
Negative
La Nia
32. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Methane
Arctic Atmosphere
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Albedo
33. Really measures volume.
Once every 4 years.
Mass Budget
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry
34. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
What effects the density
Negative
Radiative Forcing
35. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Cloud Feedbacks
Permafrost
Radiative Forcing
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
36. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Longwave Radiation
30%
% of Greenhouse Gases
37. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Why the Arctic climate is special
How to define a heatwave
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
38. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Sunspots
Mass Balance
Ocean water
25%
39. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Today melting ice
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Absolute thresholds
40. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Atmospheric Circulation
In the troposphere that we live in.
41. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Surface Mass Balance
Sunspots
Thermokarst
42. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Mass Balance
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Absolute thresholds
Ice Sheets
43. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Ice Shelf
What effects the density
US and precipitation
44. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
How a closed talik forms
Sea-Ice Albedo
Rainy
45. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice Shelf
What effects the density
Mass Budget
46. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Talik
Thinner atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide
47. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
% of Greenhouse Gases
Longwave Radiation
Ice absorbs
48. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Closed talik
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Climate Change in the Arctic
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
49. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ocean water
Ice shelf
50. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Longwave Radiation
Active Layer
Sea Ice
Albedos of Snow and Ice