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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
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Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Warm
Sea Ice
Global warming and hot nights?
Talik
2. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Sea Ice
Calving
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
3. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Methane
Wetter; drier
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
4. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst
All Greenhouse gases
5. How much is the planet really warming?
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Talik
Closed talik
.7O Celsius over the past century.
6. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Strong
Types of Albedo
Ocean water
7. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
El Nino
doubles
Radiative Flux
8. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Grounding v Surface Melting
What effects the density
Atmospheric Composition
9. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Accumulation
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Cloud Feedbacks
Albedos of Snow and Ice
10. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
In the stratosphere.
Ice Shelf
Antarctica
Ice Motion
11. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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12. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermohaline Circulation
Shortwave Length
13. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ozone Hole
Earth's tilt
Threshold departures
14. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
Earth's tilt
Dry
7%
15. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Ozone Hole
Strong
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Hydrological Drought
16. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Archimedes' Principle
% of Greenhouse Gases
Black Carbon
70%
17. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
45%
Closed talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
18. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice in the Arctic
Ice Shelf
19. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Permafrost
Ice Discharge
.75OC/km-1
20. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Ice/snow
In the troposphere that we live in.
Radiative Flux
Ice loss
21. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
How a closed talik forms
Atmospheric Composition
Strong
Talik
22. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
Agricultural Drought
Severe coastal erosion
Methane
23. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Negative
Dynamic thinning
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
24. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Thermohaline Circulation
Cloud Feedbacks
Heat Source and Pressure
What effects the density
25. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Mass Change
Positive feedbacks both found in...
26. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Inversion Layer Summer
Natural Causes of Warming
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ozone Hole
27. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Dynamic thinning
Ice Sheets
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
28. The Earth emits this.
IPCC
Thermokarst
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Longwave Radiation
29. Less frequent and weaker
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice loss
Inversion Layer Summer
Today melting ice
30. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Through talik
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice loss
Thermokarst Lake
31. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Radiative Flux
Shortwave Length
Threshold departures
Ozone
32. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Positive
Sublimation
Atmospheric Circulation
Importance of ice sheets
33. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Permafrost
Mass Change
Thinner atmosphere
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
34. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Air pollution
Greenland
In the troposphere that we live in.
35. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Very small portion
In the troposphere that we live in.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Depth v Surface
36. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Closed talik
Radiative Flux
Positive
37. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Black Carbon
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Thermohaline Circulation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
38. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Absolute thresholds
Heat wave
Grounding v Surface Melting
Greenhouse Gases
39. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Ozone Hole
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Very small portion
Archimedes' Principle
40. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Methane
Inversion Layer Winter
25%
Atmospheric Structure
41. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Ice-Albedo
Accumulation
US and precipitation
42. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Positive feedbacks both found in...
How we measure Mass Balance
30%
43. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Very small portion
Radiative Flux
Air pollution
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
44. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Stronger
50%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Increases - decreases
45. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Heat Source and Pressure
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Frozen Soil
Atmospheric Composition?
46. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Albedo
Increases - decreases
Methane
47. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Warm
El Nino
air can warm dramatically
Ice Sheets
48. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Archimedes' Principle
summer
Ice Shelf
Energy Budget
49. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Ice Sheets
Depth v Surface
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Importance of ice sheets
50. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Questions to think about
Ice Sheets
Albedo
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