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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Black Carbon
Hydrological Drought
Surface Mass Balance
2. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Troposphere
What effects the density
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
How a closed talik forms
3. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Dynamic thinning
Earth's tilt
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ozone
4. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Albedo
Altimetry Pros
5. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
70%
Natural Causes of Warming
Once every 4 years.
6. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Shortwave Length
Mass Change
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
45%
7. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
doubles
Once every 4 years.
Ice Motion
Ice-Albedo
8. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
All Greenhouse gases
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
.7O Celsius over the past century.
9. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Cloud Feedbacks
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Inversion Layer Winter
Ozone Hole
10. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Open talik
75-OC
Ozone Hole
11. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Questions to think about
Surface Mass Balance
Types of Albedo
What happens with the Ozone Hole
12. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Warming; cooling
Strong
7%
Archimedes' Principle
13. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice/snow
30%
Surface Mass Balance
14. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Talik
Depth v Surface
Global warming and hot nights?
IPCC
15. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Carbon Dioxide
Ice Cap
Active Layer
16. Melting Point decreases
Natural Causes of Warming
Mass Change
winter
.75OC/km-1
17. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Ice loss
Normal condition for air
Atmospheric Structure
How we measure Mass Balance
18. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Ice/snow
Ice-Albedo
Antarctica
19. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Open talik
Heat Source and Pressure
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
20. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
reduction in sea-ice
21. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
.75OC/km-1
The Ozone Hole
Accumulation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
22. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Carbon Dioxide
Air pollution
Warm
23. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Open talik
Ice in the Arctic
70%
Antarctica
24. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
How we measure Mass Balance
Atmospheric Structure
Arctic Atmosphere
Mass Balance
25. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Sublimation
Thermokarst
Normal condition for air
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
26. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Thermohaline Circulation
Negative
Climate Change in the Arctic
Ocean water
27. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Stronger
Methane
28. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Monthly maximums and minimums
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Melt
29. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
30. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Negative
Positive feedbacks both found in...
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
31. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
32. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Arctic Atmosphere
GHG
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
33. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Permafrost
Arctic Atmosphere
Wetter; drier
Greenhouse Gases
34. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Dry
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
doubles
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
35. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Heat wave
Natural Causes of Warming
Radiative Flux
In the stratosphere.
36. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Once every 4 years.
Global warming and hot nights?
Types of Albedo
Methane
37. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Surface Mass Balance
Heat Source and Pressure
Open talik
Positive
38. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Mass Balance
Grounding Lines
Time Variable Gravity
Atmospheric Structure
39. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Agricultural Drought
Ozone
Altimetry Cons
Cloud Feedbacks
40. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Methane
Air pollution
How talik forms under lakes
41. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Sunspots
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
45%
42. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
50%
Black Carbon
Today melting ice
Threshold departures
43. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Troposphere
Ozone Hole
Talik
44. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Atmospheric Structure
Energy Budget
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
45. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
The Ozone Hole
75-OC
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Mass Balance
46. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Inversion Layer Winter
Percentile departures
Energy Budget
Longwave Radiation
47. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Where rise in OC is greatest
Warming; cooling
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
48. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Ice shelf
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Surface Mass Balance
Dynamic thinning
49. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Altimetry Cons
Sunspots
air can warm dramatically
50. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Albedo
Threshold departures
Greenland
Archimedes' Principle