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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 240 w/m squared
More rain means no drought
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice in the Arctic
2. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice absorbs
3. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Ozone Hole
Sunspots
Surface Mass Balance
Methane
4. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Ice/snow
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Methane
Thermohaline Circulation
5. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Inversion Layer Winter
Warm
Global warming and hot nights?
Rainy
6. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Precipitation and High Latitudes
La Nia
Thermokarst
7. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Heat Source and Pressure
IPCC
Inversion Layer (feedback)
8. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Hydrological Drought
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
How talik forms under lakes
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
9. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Natural Causes of Warming
Sublimation
Surface Mass Balance
10. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Normal condition for air
Melt
11. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Thermokarst
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Increases - decreases
12. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Ice-Albedo
Types of Albedo
Thinner atmosphere
Monthly maximums and minimums
13. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Agricultural Drought
Discontinuous
Warming; cooling
14. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Heat Source and Pressure
Types of Albedo
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Atmospheric Composition?
15. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Percentile departures
Heat Source and Pressure
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
16. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Meteorological Drought
Altimetry Pros
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Positive
17. Less frequent and weaker
Calving
The Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Inversion Layer Summer
18. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Surface Mass Balance
30%
Grounding v Surface Melting
19. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Ice Sheets
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Warm
20. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Dry
Ice-Albedo
30%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
21. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Permafrost
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Mass Change
22. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Layers of Earth
23. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
30%
Questions to think about
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermokarst
24. Melting Point decreases
How to define a heatwave
Atmospheric Structure
.75OC/km-1
Ocean water
25. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Normal condition for air
.7O Celsius over the past century.
26. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Antarctica
Open talik
Sea-Ice Albedo
Permafrost Degradation
27. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Summer
Open talik
28. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Dry
Importance of ice sheets
Altimetry (height)
Surface Mass Balance
29. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Warming; cooling
Ice Sheets
Mass Budget
Depth v Surface
30. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
50%
75-OC
Longwave Radiation
31. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Shortwave Length
GHG
Mass Change
Open talik
32. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Ice Motion
Grounding v Surface Melting
Radiative Flux
Severe coastal erosion
33. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Today melting ice
Ocean water
Ice loss
Active Layer
34. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Ice Discharge
Monthly maximums and minimums
Agricultural Drought
Archimedes' Principle
35. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Warming; cooling
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
36. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Greenland
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Shelf
37. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Discontinuous
Altimetry Cons
Greenhouse Gases
38. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Warming; cooling
Ice Cap
Sublimation
Ozone
39. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
7%
Grounding Lines
1 m/yr; 10x
Energy Budget
40. Measures input and output.
Open talik
Shortwave Length
winter
Mass Budget
41. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ocean water
42. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Active Layer
Ice absorbs
Greenland
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
43. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
La Nia
30%
Calving
44. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice Motion
Accumulation
Ice Shelf
45. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
50%
Monthly maximums and minimums
Active Layer
46. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Time Variable Gravity
Ice Sheets
Open talik
47. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice/snow
Time Variable Gravity
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
48. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
Permafrost
30%
The Ozone Hole
49. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
30%
Melt
Greenland
50. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Mass Balance
What happens with the Ozone Hole