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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Sunspots
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Today melting ice
2. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Cap
Altimetry Cons
Active Layer
3. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Severe coastal erosion
Ice Cap
El Nio is in the coasts of...
4. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
What effects the density
Strong
Heat wave
5. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Radiative Forcing
Altimetry Pros
Infrared radiation
6. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Altimetry Pros
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Layers of Earth
Troposphere
7. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ocean water
Frozen Soil
Ice-Ocean Interactions
8. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Once every 4 years.
Increases - decreases
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
9. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
25%
Surface Mass Balance
Active Layer
Hydrological Drought
10. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
Black Carbon
Active Layer
Albedos of Snow and Ice
11. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
El Nio is in the coasts of...
75-OC
Sea Ice
12. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Atmospheric Composition?
% of Greenhouse Gases
Talik
Dry
13. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Ice/snow
Meteorological Drought
Black Carbon
Open talik
14. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
How we measure Mass Balance
Stronger
Ice absorbs
Questions to think about
15. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Percentile departures
70%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice Sheets
16. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Longwave Radiation
Normal condition for air
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermohaline Circulation
17. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
air can warm dramatically
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
7%
Through talik
18. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Radiative Forcing
Accumulation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Negative
19. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Grounding v Surface Melting
7%
Positive
Carbon Dioxide
20. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Dry
Importance of ice sheets
Ice-Albedo
21. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Mass Balance
Sea-Ice Albedo
Black Carbon
How we measure Mass Balance
22. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
winter
Discontinuous
Heat Source and Pressure
Methane
23. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Atmospheric Composition
Ozone Hole
More rain means no drought
24. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Hydrological Drought
Permafrost Degradation
Sea Ice
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
25. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
26. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Ocean water
All Greenhouse gases
winter
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
27. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Radiative Flux
Ice Shelf
Atmospheric Composition
28. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Greenhouse Gases
Closed talik
29. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Antarctica
Infrared radiation
GHG
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
30. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
25%
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice/snow
45%
31. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Methane
Negative
Today melting ice
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
32. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Sublimation
Through talik
Earth's tilt
air can warm dramatically
33. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Sea Ice
Severe coastal erosion
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
34. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
reduction in sea-ice
The Ozone Hole
35. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Air pollution
30%
Energy Budget
Ice Cap
36. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Infrared radiation
Ice Sheets
Methane
Where rise in OC is greatest
37. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Ice absorbs
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Heat Source and Pressure
Thermohaline Circulatoin
38. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Agricultural Drought
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Layers of Earth
39. 85%
Atmospheric Composition
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ocean water
In the troposphere that we live in.
40. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Hydrological Drought
Altimetry
Sunspots
Importance of ice sheets
41. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
All Greenhouse gases
Thinner atmosphere
Types of Albedo
42. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Once every 4 years.
La Nia
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
In the stratosphere.
43. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Hydrological Drought
What effects the density
The Ozone Hole
Thermokarst
44. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
7%
La Nia
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Grounding Lines
45. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Archimedes' Principle
Mass Balance
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Questions to think about
46. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
winter
Ice in the Arctic
Heat wave
Heat Source and Pressure
47. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Agricultural Drought
Ocean water
Once every 4 years.
48. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
49. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Heat wave
Thermokarst Lake
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Carbon Dioxide
50. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Atmospheric Circulation
Wetter; drier
Permafrost
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth