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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice absorbs
7%
2. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Cloud Feedbacks
Rainy
Antarctica
70%
3. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Layers of Earth
Rainy
Types of Albedo
Ice shelf
4. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Layers of Earth
Atmospheric Composition?
Absolute thresholds
Ozone
5. High vs low
Altimetry Pros
Cloud Feedbacks
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice Sheets
6. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice loss
Sea Ice
Positive feedbacks both found in...
7. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Radiative Forcing
30%
Indirect heat wave effect
Through talik
8. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Mass Budget
Rainy
La Nia
In the stratosphere.
9. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
45%
Methane
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
10. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Albedo
Ice Sheets
Altimetry
11. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Climate Change in the Arctic
30%
Severe coastal erosion
12. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Layers of Earth
What effects the density
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Reduction in sea-ice extent
13. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Permafrost
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Affect Floods and Droughts
14. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Rainy
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
reduction in sea-ice
15. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Thinner atmosphere
What happens with the Ozone Hole
The Ozone Hole
16. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Black Carbon
Very small portion
Normal condition for air
7%
17. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
air can warm dramatically
30%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Ice/snow
18. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Radiative Flux
El Nio is in the coasts of...
All Greenhouse gases
Stronger
19. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Thinner atmosphere
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice in the Arctic
Radiative Flux
20. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Heat wave
Grounding Lines
Calving
Depth v Surface
21. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Infrared radiation
Thinner atmosphere
Radiative Forcing
22. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Threshold departures
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Very small portion
Sea Ice
23. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Archimedes' Principle
1 m/yr; 10x
70%
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
24. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Talik
Monthly maximums and minimums
Surface Mass Balance
25. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice shelf
Greenhouse Gases
Melt
26. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
50%
Ice absorbs
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Earth's tilt
27. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Surface Mass Balance
What effects the density
Percentile departures
28. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Through talik
50%
Methane
Air pollution
29. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice-Albedo
Radiative Flux
Earth's tilt
30. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Mass Change
GHG
Importance of ice sheets
How we measure Mass Balance
31. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Permafrost Degradation
Ice Discharge
Normal condition for air
32. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Accumulation
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
20%
25%
33. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Absolute thresholds
Ice Shelf
summer
El Nino
34. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Altimetry (height)
Once every 4 years.
35. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Positive
Mass Balance
Inversion Layer (feedback)
20%
36. Where does the ozone protect us?
Time Variable Gravity
In the stratosphere.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Circulation
37. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Ice Sheets
Global warming and hot nights?
Altimetry (height)
Carbon Dioxide
38. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Closed talik
Positive
Hydrological Drought
Reduction in sea-ice extent
39. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Permafrost
Open talik
Melt
40. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice Sheets
El Nio is in the coasts of...
41. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
30%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Negative
What effects the density
42. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Sea Ice
Ice Motion
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
43. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Mass Budget
Ice Motion
Negative
Increases - decreases
44. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
More rain means no drought
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice Sheets
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
45. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Agricultural Drought
Arctic Atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
46. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Carbon Dioxide
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Shelf
47. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Frozen Soil
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Heat Source and Pressure
30%
48. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Longwave Radiation
Thermokarst Lake
25%
49. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Positive feedbacks both found in...
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Motion
50. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice Discharge
Ice Sheets
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