Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






2. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






3. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






4. 85%






5. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






6. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






7. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






8. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.






9. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






10. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.






11. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






12. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






13. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






14. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






15. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






16. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






17. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






18. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






19. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






20. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...






21. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?






22. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






23. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.






24. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic






25. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.






26. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






27. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






28. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.






29. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.






30. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






31. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.






32. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.






33. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.






34. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






35. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






36. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






37. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






38. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






39. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.






40. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.






41. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.






42. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






43. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






44. Total absorbed solar radiation






45. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






46. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






47. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air






48. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






49. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






50. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface







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