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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
All Greenhouse gases
Negative
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice-Albedo
2. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Grounding Lines
Permafrost
Layers of Earth
summer
3. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
GHG
Ice loss
What effects the density
4. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
summer
Accumulation
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Permafrost
5. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Calving
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Positive feedbacks both found in...
6. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Frozen Soil
7. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Atmospheric Structure
Ozone Hole
US and precipitation
Ice loss
8. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Arctic Atmosphere
Global warming and hot nights?
9. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
50%
Active Layer
Absolute thresholds
Open talik
10. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Surface Mass Balance
Ice absorbs
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
11. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Archimedes' Principle
Percentile departures
Dry
Thermokarst
12. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Longwave Radiation
Shortwave Length
How talik forms under lakes
Antarctica
13. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Global warming and hot nights?
More rain means no drought
Infrared radiation
14. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
20%
Ice absorbs
Through talik
15. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Antarctica
Sublimation
Closed talik
Ice-Ocean Interactions
16. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Today melting ice
Warming; cooling
Active Layer
Natural Causes of Warming
17. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Radiative Flux
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Very small portion
Atmospheric Composition
18. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
How talik forms under lakes
Once every 4 years.
Strong
Troposphere
19. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
70%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Strong
20. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
30%
Negative
20%
21. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Surface Mass Balance
Once every 4 years.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
22. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Meteorological Drought
Altimetry Pros
How we measure Mass Balance
Ozone
23. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Radiative Forcing
Normal condition for air
Ice Sheets
24. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Wetter; drier
Indirect heat wave effect
Meteorological Drought
Warm
25. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulation
Grounding v Surface Melting
Permafrost Degradation
26. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Ice Sheets
Rainy
Sunspots
Monthly maximums and minimums
27. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
GHG
Rainy
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
28. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Depth v Surface
29. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice Sheets
Infrared radiation
30. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Today melting ice
Grounding Lines
Sea-Ice Albedo
Active Layer
31. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Ocean water
70%
Through talik
75-OC
32. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Sunspots
Threshold departures
Types of Albedo
33. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Surface Mass Balance
Thermokarst
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Antarctica
34. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Sunspots
doubles
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
What happens with the Ozone Hole
35. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Ice/snow
Altimetry Pros
summer
What effects the density
36. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice Shelf
37. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Ozone Hole
Black Carbon
Arctic Atmosphere
Ocean water
38. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Why the Arctic climate is special
Black Carbon
39. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
GHG
Rainy
40. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
What happens with the Ozone Hole
How we measure Mass Balance
How a closed talik forms
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
41. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Ice Motion
Altimetry
Importance of ice sheets
Stronger
42. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Sublimation
50%
Atmospheric Structure
43. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Layers of Earth
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Stronger
Hydrological Drought
44. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
Shortwave Length
Calving
Importance of ice sheets
45. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Mass Budget
Thermohaline Circulation
46. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice-Albedo
Grounding Lines
47. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
How a closed talik forms
Threshold departures
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
48. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Ozone
Arctic Atmosphere
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Global warming and hot nights?
49. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Positive
Ozone
Ozone Hole
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
50. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
summer
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice Motion