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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
The cryosphere
Monthly maximums and minimums
Active Layer
Warming; cooling
2. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Talik
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice loss
How talik forms under lakes
3. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
45%
Negative
Warming; cooling
Open talik
4. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Inversion Layer Winter
All Greenhouse gases
Grounding v Surface Melting
5. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Heat wave
Ice absorbs
Why the Arctic climate is special
6. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Mass Budget
Sea-Ice Albedo
Negative
7. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Heat Source and Pressure
Greenland
Talik
8. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Longwave Radiation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Layers of Earth
9. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Threshold departures
Ice Sheets
Absolute thresholds
Monthly maximums and minimums
10. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
25%
Sea Ice
11. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice/snow
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Monthly maximums and minimums
12. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Wetter; drier
Thermokarst Lake
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
13. Cooler water and drought conditions.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
summer
Absolute thresholds
La Nia
14. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
Greenland
Surface Mass Balance
El Nio is in the coasts of...
15. Ocean retains ____ CO2
% of Greenhouse Gases
25%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
16. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Heat Source and Pressure
How a closed talik forms
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
17. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Albedo
Ice/snow
Percentile departures
Accumulation
18. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Inversion Layer Summer
Negative
Sunspots
Methane
19. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Permafrost
Active Layer
Negative
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
20. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Warm
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Agricultural Drought
Sea Ice
21. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
Talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Agricultural Drought
22. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Thermokarst
Permafrost
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
More rain means no drought
23. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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24. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Sunspots
Ice shelf
The Ozone Hole
Ice-Albedo
25. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Sea Ice
US and precipitation
Sublimation
Ice Sheets
26. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Inversion Layer Winter
Thermokarst
Time Variable Gravity
27. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
What happens with the Ozone Hole
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thermokarst
28. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Inversion Layer Summer
GHG
Melt
Percentile departures
29. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Inversion Layer Summer
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Heat wave
70%
30. Measures input and output.
All Greenhouse gases
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Mass Budget
Surface Mass Balance
31. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice shelf
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Heat wave
32. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Negative
Through talik
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Sunspots
33. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Ice loss
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Threshold departures
Sunspots
34. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Inversion Layer Winter
Active Layer
Closed talik
35. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice/snow
Warm
Ocean water
36. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Ice shelf
Thermokarst
Greenhouse Gases
Ice in the Arctic
37. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Melt
7%
Frozen Soil
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
38. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Mass Budget
How talik forms under lakes
Methane
39. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
75-OC
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea Ice
40. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Mass Change
Positive
Hydrological Drought
45%
41. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Why the Arctic climate is special
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ocean water
42. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Meteorological Drought
1 m/yr; 10x
Climate Change in the Arctic
43. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
How talik forms under lakes
Frozen Soil
Thinner atmosphere
All Greenhouse gases
44. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice loss
Radiative Flux
Ice in the Arctic
Ice Discharge
45. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Ozone
Calving
Once every 4 years.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
46. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
The Ozone Hole
In the troposphere that we live in.
Greenhouse Gases
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
47. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Mass Balance
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Altimetry Cons
Atmospheric Composition?
48. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Negative
Open talik
Wetter; drier
49. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Active Layer
IPCC
Threshold departures
Greenhouse Gases
50. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
50%
Surface Mass Balance
Sea-Ice Albedo