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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Troposphere
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
75-OC
2. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
How talik forms under lakes
Cloud Feedbacks
Sea Ice
3. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermokarst Lake
Ice Shelf
Atmospheric Composition?
4. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Open talik
Altimetry (height)
Inversion Layer Winter
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
5. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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6. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Earth's tilt
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atmospheric Circulation
La Nia
7. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ocean water
Active Layer
8. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Natural Causes of Warming
How we measure Mass Balance
9. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
30%
air can warm dramatically
GHG
7%
10. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice Shelf
Atmospheric Structure
11. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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12. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Closed talik
Black Carbon
Sublimation
Positive
13. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Atmospheric Circulation
Threshold departures
Discontinuous
Types of Albedo
14. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Grounding v Surface Melting
IPCC
75-OC
Air pollution
15. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice shelf
Threshold departures
16. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
30%
Indirect heat wave effect
Inversion Layer Summer
% of Greenhouse Gases
17. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Melt
All Greenhouse gases
Energy Budget
Frozen Soil
18. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
30%
Wetter; drier
Atmospheric Structure
19. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Thinner atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
Inversion Layer Winter
20. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
IPCC
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermokarst
21. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Wetter; drier
Through talik
Stronger
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
22. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Infrared radiation
Meteorological Drought
Ice absorbs
23. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
20%
Natural Causes of Warming
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Energy Budget
24. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
All Greenhouse gases
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Air pollution
25. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Natural Causes of Warming
Once every 4 years.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
26. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Altimetry
Thinner atmosphere
reduction in sea-ice
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
27. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Ozone Hole
Albedo
Thermohaline Circulation
30%
28. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Thermokarst
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice Sheets
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
29. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Inversion Layer Winter
Cloud Feedbacks
Closed talik
Permafrost
30. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ozone Hole
More rain means no drought
Very small portion
31. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Permafrost
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
.75OC/km-1
El Nino
32. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Grounding Lines
Radiative Forcing
Ice Sheets
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
33. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Sublimation
1 m/yr; 10x
34. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Global warming and hot nights?
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ice absorbs
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
35. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
El Nino
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice Discharge
36. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
.75OC/km-1
More rain means no drought
Altimetry Cons
Severe coastal erosion
37. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Grounding Lines
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Heat wave
Normal condition for air
38. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Percentile departures
39. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Ice/snow
Normal condition for air
Monthly maximums and minimums
Altimetry Pros
40. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
US and precipitation
Climate Change in the Arctic
Talik
What effects the density
41. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Thermokarst
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Today melting ice
Thermohaline Circulation
42. Amount of light absorbed by surface
In the stratosphere.
Atmospheric Circulation
50%
Inversion Layer Winter
43. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
The cryosphere
reduction in sea-ice
Energy Budget
1 m/yr; 10x
44. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Energy Budget
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Surface Mass Balance
45. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
winter
Ice in the Arctic
Methane
45%
46. Less frequent and weaker
Surface Mass Balance
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Inversion Layer Summer
47. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
In the troposphere that we live in.
1 m/yr; 10x
Grounding v Surface Melting
Time Variable Gravity
48. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
45%
Thermohaline Circulation
Archimedes' Principle
49. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Cloud Feedbacks
Mass Change
How to define a heatwave
winter
50. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Warm
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Normal condition for air