Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






2. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






3. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.






4. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






5. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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6. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






7. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






8. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






9. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






10. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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11. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?






12. Less frequent and weaker






13. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






14. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






15. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






16. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






17. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






18. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






19. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






20. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






21. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






22. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






23. More common






24. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2






25. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air






26. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.






27. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






28. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere






29. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth






30. High vs low






31. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






32. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






33. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






34. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.






35. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.






36. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






37. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






38. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.






39. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






40. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






41. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.






42. Really measures volume.






43. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.






44. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?






45. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.






46. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.






47. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






48. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






49. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






50. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo