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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Discharge
Negative
Rainy
2. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Antarctica
Accumulation
Importance of ice sheets
Types of Albedo
3. Measures input and output.
Ice Cap
Thermokarst
Archimedes' Principle
Mass Budget
4. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Methane
How talik forms under lakes
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Albedo
5. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atmospheric Structure
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Cloud Feedbacks
6. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermokarst Lake
7. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Warm
Air pollution
Sunspots
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
8. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Active Layer
9. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Longwave Radiation
Ice loss
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Calving
10. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Black Carbon
Very small portion
11. Less frequent and weaker
Ice/snow
How a closed talik forms
Inversion Layer Summer
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
12. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Infrared radiation
Ozone Hole
Radiative Forcing
Antarctica
13. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Winter
Antarctica
14. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Grounding v Surface Melting
15. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Ice-Ocean Interactions
In the troposphere that we live in.
Positive
Stronger
16. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Permafrost
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Mass Balance
17. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
How talik forms under lakes
Affect Floods and Droughts
More rain means no drought
18. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
reduction in sea-ice
How to define a heatwave
Methane
19. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Thermohaline Circulation
Very small portion
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Through talik
20. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Antarctica
Agricultural Drought
winter
21. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Altimetry
Accumulation
Severe coastal erosion
Monthly maximums and minimums
22. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Absolute thresholds
Carbon Dioxide
23. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Longwave Radiation
Today melting ice
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice Shelf
24. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Thermokarst Lake
25. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Questions to think about
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Strong
In the troposphere that we live in.
26. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
winter
Frozen Soil
Altimetry Cons
27. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Surface Mass Balance
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Energy Budget
Thinner atmosphere
28. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Ice/snow
How we measure Mass Balance
Climate Change in the Arctic
29. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
How we measure Mass Balance
All Greenhouse gases
75-OC
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
30. High vs low
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ice-Albedo
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Cloud Feedbacks
31. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Thermohaline Circulation
Infrared radiation
Thermokarst Lake
Antarctica
32. How often does El Nio occur?
GHG
How talik forms under lakes
Ozone
Once every 4 years.
33. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Altimetry (height)
Percentile departures
The Ozone Hole
Positive feedbacks both found in...
34. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Frozen Soil
35. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Heat Source and Pressure
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Shortwave Length
Troposphere
36. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Antarctica
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Questions to think about
37. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Normal condition for air
Methane
38. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Grounding Lines
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Discontinuous
39. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Atmospheric Circulation
Time Variable Gravity
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ice Motion
40. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Hydrological Drought
Depth v Surface
Ice loss
Carbon Dioxide
41. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Methane
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
42. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Sunspots
air can warm dramatically
Negative
43. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
How we measure Mass Balance
Active Layer
Calving
Ocean water
44. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Absolute thresholds
Heat wave
Sea-Ice Albedo
Layers of Earth
45. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Frozen Soil
All Greenhouse gases
Energy Budget
75-OC
46. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Archimedes' Principle
Inversion Layer Winter
Ozone Hole
47. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
75-OC
Sublimation
Monthly maximums and minimums
48. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
What effects the density
Meteorological Drought
Accumulation
49. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Open talik
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Dynamic thinning
50. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Importance of ice sheets
Grounding Lines
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Layers of Earth