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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
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Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Agricultural Drought
Atmospheric Circulation
Ozone
Methane
2. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Warming; cooling
How talik forms under lakes
Heat Source and Pressure
Frozen Soil
3. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Permafrost
Shortwave Length
Ice Shelf
4. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Hydrological Drought
70%
Warming; cooling
5. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Once every 4 years.
Normal condition for air
Increases - decreases
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
6. More common
Time Variable Gravity
Today melting ice
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Inversion Layer Winter
7. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Greenhouse Gases
Longwave Radiation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
30%
8. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
All Greenhouse gases
Inversion Layer Summer
US and precipitation
Frozen Soil
9. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
reduction in sea-ice
Ice-Albedo
How we measure Mass Balance
Greenhouse Gases
10. How much is the planet really warming?
Ice/snow
Ice Shelf
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Inversion Layer Summer
11. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Permafrost Degradation
Grounding v Surface Melting
Layers of Earth
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
12. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Global warming and hot nights?
Albedo
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
The Ozone Hole
13. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Warming; cooling
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Indirect heat wave effect
Antarctica
14. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
winter
Permafrost
Ice Cap
15. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Thermohaline Circulation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Positive
16. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Heat wave
Dry
Sea Ice
Infrared radiation
17. 240 w/m squared
Closed talik
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
IPCC
18. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Infrared radiation
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice/snow
Altimetry
19. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
.75OC/km-1
Ozone Hole
doubles
Precipitation and High Latitudes
20. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Heat wave
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Warm
21. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Thermohaline Circulation
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
22. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
Energy Budget
23. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Threshold departures
Ocean water
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
24. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
50%
Atmospheric Composition?
Grounding v Surface Melting
Frozen Soil
25. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Cloud Feedbacks
Positive
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
26. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
1 m/yr; 10x
Indirect heat wave effect
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
27. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Ice in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
All Greenhouse gases
Hydrological Drought
28. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Permafrost
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Altimetry Pros
Mass Balance
29. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Inversion Layer (feedback)
30. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ozone
Ozone Hole
Albedo
31. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Thermohaline Circulation
Once every 4 years.
45%
How we measure Mass Balance
32. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Ice in the Arctic
Today melting ice
In the troposphere that we live in.
Atmospheric Composition?
33. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry
Archimedes' Principle
Grounding Lines
34. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Stronger
Negative
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
35. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Depth v Surface
summer
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Dry
36. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
Grounding Lines
Atmospheric Structure
Thermohaline Circulation
37. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice Shelf
Altimetry
Monthly maximums and minimums
38. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Through talik
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Radiative Flux
39. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Radiative Flux
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Open talik
40. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Ice Motion
reduction in sea-ice
Ice/snow
50%
41. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Global warming and hot nights?
30%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
42. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Heat wave
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Active Layer
43. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
45%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice absorbs
How to define a heatwave
44. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Mass Budget
Open talik
45. The Earth emits this.
What effects the density
Global warming and hot nights?
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Longwave Radiation
46. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Wetter; drier
Altimetry Cons
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
47. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Thinner atmosphere
Troposphere
Calving
Energy Budget
48. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Active Layer
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Atmospheric Structure
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
49. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone
Why the Arctic climate is special
50. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Atmospheric Composition
Surface Mass Balance
Carbon Dioxide
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
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