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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
.75OC/km-1
All Greenhouse gases
Thermohaline Circulation
2. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
US and precipitation
Atmospheric Structure
45%
3. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
The Ozone Hole
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Methane
Climate Change in the Arctic
4. High vs low
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Cloud Feedbacks
Permafrost
5. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Today melting ice
6. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
The cryosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermokarst
7. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Permafrost
Sublimation
US and precipitation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
8. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Grounding Lines
Layers of Earth
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
9. 85%
Threshold departures
Permafrost Degradation
Absolute thresholds
Sea-Ice Albedo
10. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Warming; cooling
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
.7O Celsius over the past century.
The Ozone Hole
11. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
GHG
In the stratosphere.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Methane
12. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Inversion Layer Summer
Threshold departures
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Arctic Atmosphere
13. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Heat wave
Inversion Layer Winter
Archimedes' Principle
14. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice Sheets
15. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Ice-Albedo
Ice loss
Monthly maximums and minimums
In the stratosphere.
16. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Atmospheric Circulation
Ocean water
doubles
17. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Ice Discharge
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Absolute thresholds
Surface Mass Balance
18. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Questions to think about
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
19. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
7%
Arctic Atmosphere
Permafrost
20. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Permafrost
Antarctica
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
21. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Dry
Increases - decreases
winter
El Nio is in the coasts of...
22. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
75-OC
Climate Change in the Arctic
Accumulation
23. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Ozone Hole
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Talik
Altimetry Cons
24. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Dynamic thinning
Mass Change
GHG
25. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Arctic Atmosphere
Radiative Flux
Time Variable Gravity
Warming; cooling
26. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Importance of ice sheets
Meteorological Drought
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry Pros
27. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Time Variable Gravity
Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer Winter
28. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Once every 4 years.
Permafrost
Where rise in OC is greatest
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
29. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Antarctica
Ice shelf
Once every 4 years.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
30. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Altimetry (height)
In the stratosphere.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Where rise in OC is greatest
31. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Greenland
20%
25%
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
32. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Positive
El Nio is in the coasts of...
30%
Thermohaline Circulation
33. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Carbon Dioxide
Ice Sheets
Sea Ice
Through talik
34. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
.75OC/km-1
Sea Ice
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
air can warm dramatically
35. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Grounding Lines
Antarctica
Altimetry (height)
36. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Active Layer
Absolute thresholds
How a closed talik forms
37. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
More rain means no drought
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Atmospheric Composition?
Reduction in sea-ice extent
38. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Accumulation
La Nia
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Importance of ice sheets
39. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Talik
Warm
Stronger
75-OC
40. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Archimedes' Principle
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Discontinuous
Mass Change
41. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Radiative Forcing
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Sea Ice
42. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Mass Budget
Natural Causes of Warming
Precipitation and High Latitudes
What effects the density
43. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Permafrost
GHG
Active Layer
Thermokarst
44. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
summer
Air pollution
Positive feedbacks both found in...
What effects the density
45. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Infrared radiation
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Albedos of Snow and Ice
US and precipitation
46. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Altimetry (height)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Active Layer
How we measure Mass Balance
47. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Hydrological Drought
Heat wave
Closed talik
Very small portion
48. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Talik
Carbon Dioxide
Altimetry (height)
49. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Antarctica
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Where rise in OC is greatest
Cloud Feedbacks
50. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Hydrological Drought
Thermohaline Circulation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Sheets