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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Time Variable Gravity
Carbon Dioxide
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Antarctica
2. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Ocean water
doubles
Arctic Atmosphere
Atmospheric Structure
3. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Greenland
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Active Layer
4. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
doubles
Closed talik
Threshold departures
5. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Energy Budget
Air pollution
Ice in the Arctic
Carbon Dioxide
6. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice absorbs
GHG
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
7. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice Cap
Heat Source and Pressure
Depth v Surface
8. The Earth emits this.
reduction in sea-ice
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Longwave Radiation
Ice Motion
9. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry
Altimetry Cons
Carbon Dioxide
Ice Cap
10. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Atmospheric Structure
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Strong
Stronger
11. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Hydrological Drought
Thinner atmosphere
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ozone Hole
12. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
30%
Ice-Albedo
La Nia
13. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
winter
Ice absorbs
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
14. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
How talik forms under lakes
Indirect heat wave effect
15. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
25%
Types of Albedo
Meteorological Drought
Ice loss
16. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Radiative Forcing
How talik forms under lakes
Very small portion
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
17. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Rainy
75-OC
What effects the density
18. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Surface Mass Balance
25%
Atmospheric Circulation
Grounding Lines
19. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Altimetry Pros
Shortwave Length
Global warming and hot nights?
Thermokarst
20. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
25%
Where rise in OC is greatest
Heat Source and Pressure
Troposphere
21. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone
Indirect heat wave effect
Sublimation
22. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
In the stratosphere.
Thermokarst Lake
Atmospheric Circulation
23. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Mass Balance
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Warming; cooling
24. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Absolute thresholds
Wetter; drier
Atmospheric Composition
25. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Black Carbon
Depth v Surface
The cryosphere
Ozone
26. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Ocean water
Active Layer
Sea Ice
75-OC
27. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Heat Source and Pressure
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Calving
Hydrological Drought
28. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Air pollution
GHG
summer
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
29. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Black Carbon
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Types of Albedo
Climate Change in the Arctic
30. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Infrared radiation
Percentile departures
Sublimation
31. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Ice Sheets
Thinner atmosphere
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Thermokarst
32. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
30%
Mass Change
Ozone Hole
Where rise in OC is greatest
33. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
summer
Methane
Atmospheric Composition
Positive feedbacks both found in...
34. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Permafrost
Ice Sheets
35. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Thermokarst
All Greenhouse gases
Ice in the Arctic
Positive
36. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Albedos of Snow and Ice
20%
Sea Ice
Ice Cap
37. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Thermokarst
Ice Shelf
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Wetter; drier
38. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Absolute thresholds
Monthly maximums and minimums
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
39. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Black Carbon
Grounding Lines
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
30%
40. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Time Variable Gravity
More rain means no drought
Antarctica
Active Layer
41. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Melt
Grounding Lines
42. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Grounding Lines
Threshold departures
75-OC
Ice in the Arctic
43. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Heat wave
Carbon Dioxide
How talik forms under lakes
Surface Mass Balance
44. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Archimedes' Principle
Once every 4 years.
Surface Mass Balance
Energy Budget
45. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice Sheets
Why the Arctic climate is special
Reduction in sea-ice extent
46. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Accumulation
.75OC/km-1
47. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Meteorological Drought
Open talik
The cryosphere
48. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
All Greenhouse gases
Earth's tilt
Very small portion
Ice-Ocean Interactions
49. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Accumulation
Heat wave
45%
50%
50. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
How talik forms under lakes
Ice in the Arctic
Thermohaline Circulatoin