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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Sea Ice
Ocean water
Grounding Lines
Questions to think about
2. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Atmospheric Circulation
75-OC
3. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Sublimation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulatoin
4. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Inversion Layer Winter
Altimetry Pros
Antarctica
Warm
5. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
50%
IPCC
6. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
air can warm dramatically
Greenland
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
7. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Permafrost Degradation
reduction in sea-ice
The cryosphere
8. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Threshold departures
Percentile departures
Meteorological Drought
9. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Indirect heat wave effect
Ozone
Methane
IPCC
10. Where does the ozone protect us?
Thinner atmosphere
In the stratosphere.
Types of Albedo
7%
11. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Heat wave
Thermokarst
Albedos of Snow and Ice
12. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Mass Budget
Altimetry (height)
IPCC
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
13. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Agricultural Drought
Atmospheric Circulation
Sea Ice
14. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Questions to think about
Agricultural Drought
Atmospheric Structure
Dry
15. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Ozone Hole
20%
Indirect heat wave effect
16. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Longwave Radiation
Heat Source and Pressure
Affect Floods and Droughts
17. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
doubles
Ice loss
Mass Budget
Today melting ice
18. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
50%
The Ozone Hole
Warming; cooling
Positive
19. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Severe coastal erosion
Negative
20. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
IPCC
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Climate Change in the Arctic
21. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Thinner atmosphere
Inversion Layer Winter
Archimedes' Principle
Global warming and hot nights?
22. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Climate Change in the Arctic
GHG
Altimetry
23. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Stronger
24. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Ice absorbs
Why the Arctic climate is special
Calving
Where rise in OC is greatest
25. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
How a closed talik forms
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Very small portion
Warm
26. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Earth's tilt
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
50%
Through talik
27. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
1 m/yr; 10x
70%
Ocean water
28. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Normal condition for air
How we measure Mass Balance
45%
Questions to think about
29. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Frozen Soil
air can warm dramatically
Ice loss
30. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Mass Change
What effects the density
Antarctica
31. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Mass Change
50%
Ice loss
32. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Antarctica
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
.75OC/km-1
33. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Surface Mass Balance
Thermokarst Lake
Ice-Ocean Interactions
34. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Sublimation
Ice-Albedo
More rain means no drought
Through talik
35. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Energy Budget
reduction in sea-ice
Surface Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
36. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Monthly maximums and minimums
The Ozone Hole
Methane
37. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Inversion Layer Summer
Infrared radiation
All Greenhouse gases
Heat wave
38. More common
Monthly maximums and minimums
Inversion Layer Winter
Normal condition for air
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
39. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
.75OC/km-1
Ocean water
Grounding v Surface Melting
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
40. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
30%
20%
41. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Thermokarst
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Inversion Layer Summer
How a closed talik forms
42. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Altimetry
More rain means no drought
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
43. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Why the Arctic climate is special
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
reduction in sea-ice
The Ozone Hole
44. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
reduction in sea-ice
winter
Normal condition for air
45. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Cloud Feedbacks
What effects the density
46. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Increases - decreases
Global warming and hot nights?
Severe coastal erosion
Sea-Ice Albedo
47. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Severe coastal erosion
Permafrost
48. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Dry
doubles
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice Motion
49. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
25%
Carbon Dioxide
Infrared radiation
Affect Floods and Droughts
50. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Carbon Dioxide
70%
Inversion Layer Summer
Inversion Layer (feedback)