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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Hydrological Drought
Today melting ice
In the troposphere that we live in.
2. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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3. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Grounding Lines
Natural Causes of Warming
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
4. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Methane
How to define a heatwave
5. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Heat wave
Calving
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
6. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Warm
Altimetry Cons
Longwave Radiation
Layers of Earth
7. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Thermokarst Lake
Ice-Albedo
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Closed talik
8. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Ice loss
Ozone Hole
Sea-Ice Albedo
9. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sea-Ice Albedo
Atmospheric Circulation
30%
10. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Infrared radiation
Ice/snow
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
11. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ozone Hole
Altimetry Cons
12. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
75-OC
Altimetry (height)
Accumulation
13. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Mass Budget
All Greenhouse gases
Ice-Albedo
14. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermohaline Circulation
Frozen Soil
Surface Mass Balance
15. Total absorbed solar radiation
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Meteorological Drought
Albedos of Snow and Ice
70%
16. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Negative
Agricultural Drought
Discontinuous
Absolute thresholds
17. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
50%
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
reduction in sea-ice
18. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Methane
Mass Budget
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice Sheets
19. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Radiative Forcing
Wetter; drier
Warming; cooling
Greenhouse Gases
20. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Methane
Today melting ice
Depth v Surface
21. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Shortwave Length
Warm
Importance of ice sheets
Altimetry
22. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
30%
Ice Shelf
Thermokarst
Permafrost
23. 240 w/m squared
Severe coastal erosion
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Atmospheric Structure
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
24. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Mass Change
Sea Ice
Accumulation
Greenland
25. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Talik
summer
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
26. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Warming; cooling
Ice Sheets
75-OC
Time Variable Gravity
27. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Archimedes' Principle
Warming; cooling
Permafrost Degradation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
28. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
50%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
7%
29. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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30. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
El Nio is in the coasts of...
All Greenhouse gases
GHG
31. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Mass Balance
Radiative Forcing
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Active Layer
32. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Agricultural Drought
Talik
Ice Motion
33. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Heat wave
Mass Balance
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Depth v Surface
34. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Antarctica
30%
The cryosphere
35. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Frozen Soil
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
36. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Ocean water
Dynamic thinning
Ice Discharge
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
37. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Ice absorbs
Inversion Layer Winter
Mass Budget
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
38. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Altimetry Pros
.75OC/km-1
Hydrological Drought
Greenland
39. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Wetter; drier
Positive
Melt
40. High vs low
In the stratosphere.
Cloud Feedbacks
.7O Celsius over the past century.
air can warm dramatically
41. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
In the troposphere that we live in.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
reduction in sea-ice
Time Variable Gravity
42. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Radiative Flux
30%
Negative
43. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Dynamic thinning
Questions to think about
GHG
70%
44. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Methane
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Time Variable Gravity
25%
45. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Talik
Increases - decreases
Surface Mass Balance
46. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Grounding Lines
Active Layer
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Sea Ice
47. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Thinner atmosphere
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Greenland
Talik
48. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
50%
Inversion Layer Winter
Thermokarst
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
49. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
45%
How talik forms under lakes
Indirect heat wave effect
El Nio is in the coasts of...
50. How much is the planet really warming?
Dry
Thinner atmosphere
Grounding Lines
.7O Celsius over the past century.