Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






2. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.






3. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






4. Total absorbed solar radiation






5. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






6. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






7. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






8. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






9. Permafrost- A frozen soil






10. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.






11. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet






12. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






13. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






14. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






15. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






16. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






17. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






18. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






19. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.






20. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






21. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






22. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






23. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv






24. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.






25. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






26. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






27. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!






28. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






29. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.






30. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface






31. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






32. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






33. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






34. More common






35. The amount of light reflected by an object.






36. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






37. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






38. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






39. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






40. High vs low






41. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent






42. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






43. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






44. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.






45. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






46. Melting Point decreases






47. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure






48. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






49. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






50. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.