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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thermohaline Circulation
70%
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
2. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Troposphere
Calving
Ice-Albedo
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
3. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Threshold departures
Ice-Albedo
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
4. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
30%
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
5. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
75-OC
Absolute thresholds
More rain means no drought
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
6. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
air can warm dramatically
Archimedes' Principle
Importance of ice sheets
7. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Permafrost Degradation
Affect Floods and Droughts
Thermohaline Circulation
8. Total absorbed solar radiation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Permafrost Degradation
Time Variable Gravity
70%
9. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Ocean water
Importance of ice sheets
Radiative Flux
10. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Heat wave
winter
11. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Absolute thresholds
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Today melting ice
Climate Change in the Arctic
12. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Greenland
.75OC/km-1
Arctic Atmosphere
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
13. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Dry
50%
Greenhouse Gases
Open talik
14. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
doubles
Ice Cap
Percentile departures
Dry
15. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Albedo
Heat Source and Pressure
Dynamic thinning
Antarctica
16. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Today melting ice
Ice/snow
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Time Variable Gravity
17. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Altimetry
Monthly maximums and minimums
7%
IPCC
18. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Through talik
Grounding Lines
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
19. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Severe coastal erosion
Atmospheric Composition?
Grounding Lines
20. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Warm
Inversion Layer Summer
21. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Surface Mass Balance
Permafrost Degradation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
22. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Rainy
Altimetry
El Nino
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
23. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Sublimation
doubles
Greenland
24. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Once every 4 years.
Ocean water
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
.75OC/km-1
25. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Thinner atmosphere
Earth's tilt
26. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Strong
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Methane
Importance of ice sheets
27. 240 w/m squared
Ice/snow
Altimetry (height)
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thinner atmosphere
28. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
.7O Celsius over the past century.
30%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Inversion Layer (feedback)
29. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Ice Cap
How a closed talik forms
Natural Causes of Warming
30. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Ice in the Arctic
Today melting ice
Dry
31. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Ozone Hole
Strong
Thermokarst
Earth's tilt
32. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice Shelf
Sea Ice
33. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Types of Albedo
Melt
Shortwave Length
Ice/snow
34. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Calving
reduction in sea-ice
Inversion Layer Summer
35. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Sublimation
Surface Mass Balance
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Shelf
36. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulation
Arctic Atmosphere
37. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Carbon Dioxide
20%
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
38. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Longwave Radiation
Surface Mass Balance
Ozone
39. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Dry
% of Greenhouse Gases
How we measure Mass Balance
air can warm dramatically
40. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thermokarst
Ice Cap
How to define a heatwave
41. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Antarctica
Infrared radiation
Hydrological Drought
Layers of Earth
42. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Warming; cooling
Ice Discharge
Negative
43. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Dynamic thinning
Mass Budget
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
44. How much is the planet really warming?
Infrared radiation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
.7O Celsius over the past century.
La Nia
45. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Questions to think about
Ice in the Arctic
46. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
30%
reduction in sea-ice
Methane
Mass Balance
47. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Albedos of Snow and Ice
45%
48. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Inversion Layer Summer
49. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Atmospheric Composition
Questions to think about
Heat wave
Reduction in sea-ice extent
50. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Normal condition for air
Thermokarst
Shortwave Length
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