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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How often does El Nio occur?
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Composition?
Positive
Once every 4 years.
2. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
La Nia
Greenland
winter
summer
3. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Calving
All Greenhouse gases
4. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Sea Ice
1 m/yr; 10x
Surface Mass Balance
5. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Strong
Ice-Albedo
Earth's tilt
La Nia
6. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Normal condition for air
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Radiative Forcing
Thermohaline Circulatoin
7. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
How to define a heatwave
Shortwave Length
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
8. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Severe coastal erosion
Time Variable Gravity
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
50%
9. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
summer
El Nino
How to define a heatwave
How a closed talik forms
10. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Once every 4 years.
Ice Shelf
1 m/yr; 10x
25%
11. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Accumulation
50%
The Ozone Hole
Thinner atmosphere
12. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Greenland
Normal condition for air
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
How we measure Mass Balance
13. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
All Greenhouse gases
Normal condition for air
Indirect heat wave effect
Dry
14. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Wetter; drier
Why the Arctic climate is special
Accumulation
Arctic Atmosphere
15. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Time Variable Gravity
Antarctica
Layers of Earth
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
16. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Antarctica
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Antarctica
17. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ocean water
Wetter; drier
doubles
18. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
.75OC/km-1
Ice in the Arctic
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Hydrological Drought
19. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Ice shelf
US and precipitation
How to define a heatwave
Hydrological Drought
20. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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21. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ice Shelf
Heat wave
Open talik
22. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Wetter; drier
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
23. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Greenhouse Gases
Surface Mass Balance
Indirect heat wave effect
Sunspots
24. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
GHG
Questions to think about
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
25. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Active Layer
Ozone Hole
20%
Ice Shelf
26. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
All Greenhouse gases
Severe coastal erosion
Wetter; drier
Archimedes' Principle
27. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Sea Ice
More rain means no drought
Ozone Hole
Stronger
28. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Grounding Lines
Closed talik
Ice shelf
Questions to think about
29. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Archimedes' Principle
Accumulation
Permafrost
Absolute thresholds
30. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Ozone
Energy Budget
Atmospheric Composition?
31. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Very small portion
Thinner atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
32. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
summer
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice shelf
Ice-Ocean Interactions
33. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ice Shelf
Air pollution
34. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Albedo
Wetter; drier
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
35. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Energy Budget
Ice Discharge
Methane
36. 240 w/m squared
Questions to think about
Ozone
Negative
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
37. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Warming; cooling
Permafrost
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
38. Really measures volume.
Questions to think about
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Altimetry
Carbon Dioxide
39. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
La Nia
How we measure Mass Balance
Earth's tilt
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
40. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ozone
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
41. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
The cryosphere
Grounding Lines
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Why the Arctic climate is special
42. Total absorbed solar radiation
Stronger
IPCC
US and precipitation
70%
43. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
Black Carbon
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ozone
44. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
How to define a heatwave
GHG
Absolute thresholds
Ice absorbs
45. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Arctic Atmosphere
46. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
7%
doubles
Antarctica
Altimetry Pros
47. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
7%
Rainy
20%
Black Carbon
48. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Greenhouse Gases
Ozone
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
49. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Mass Change
Frozen Soil
Warming; cooling
What happens with the Ozone Hole
50. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
air can warm dramatically
Stronger
Increases - decreases
Once every 4 years.