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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Altimetry (height)
Melt
Ozone Hole
2. Measures input and output.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Black Carbon
Atmospheric Circulation
Mass Budget
3. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
GHG
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Melt
4. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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5. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
% of Greenhouse Gases
Closed talik
75-OC
Thermohaline Circulation
6. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Ice Discharge
In the troposphere that we live in.
How to define a heatwave
How talik forms under lakes
7. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Sea Ice
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Severe coastal erosion
Ice Sheets
8. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
In the troposphere that we live in.
Permafrost Degradation
Ice Sheets
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
9. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Antarctica
Greenhouse Gases
Sunspots
10. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Radiative Forcing
Atmospheric Composition
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Precipitation and High Latitudes
11. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Black Carbon
Ice absorbs
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
How to define a heatwave
12. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Reduction in sea-ice extent
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ocean water
Sea Ice
13. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Ice Motion
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
45%
50%
14. How much is the planet really warming?
Importance of ice sheets
Grounding v Surface Melting
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermohaline Circulation
15. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Agricultural Drought
Ice absorbs
Ice Sheets
Discontinuous
16. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Agricultural Drought
Inversion Layer Winter
Thermokarst
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
17. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Severe coastal erosion
How talik forms under lakes
18. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Questions to think about
Through talik
Greenland
19. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Today melting ice
.75OC/km-1
Melt
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
20. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Sunspots
Rainy
21. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Melt
50%
Negative
Atmospheric Composition?
22. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ice Cap
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Thermohaline Circulation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
23. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Inversion Layer Summer
Altimetry Pros
Antarctica
24. 240 w/m squared
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ozone
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
25. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Time Variable Gravity
Ozone
Greenland
Carbon Dioxide
26. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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27. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Indirect heat wave effect
More rain means no drought
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
What happens with the Ozone Hole
28. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Why the Arctic climate is special
Accumulation
Mass Change
All Greenhouse gases
29. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Shortwave Length
Dry
Albedo
75-OC
30. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Rainy
Types of Albedo
Sublimation
% of Greenhouse Gases
31. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Mass Change
Dry
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Hydrological Drought
32. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Frozen Soil
US and precipitation
Shortwave Length
Permafrost
33. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Altimetry (height)
Accumulation
Normal condition for air
34. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Climate Change in the Arctic
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Threshold departures
35. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice-Albedo
Greenland
36. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Permafrost Degradation
How to define a heatwave
Climate Change in the Arctic
37. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Severe coastal erosion
Strong
38. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
25%
Ice Motion
IPCC
Greenhouse Gases
39. More common
Atmospheric Composition?
Radiative Forcing
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Winter
40. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Atmospheric Structure
Closed talik
Ice Discharge
La Nia
41. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
50%
Inversion Layer Summer
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
doubles
42. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Accumulation
Troposphere
Positive
.7O Celsius over the past century.
43. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
1 m/yr; 10x
Air pollution
air can warm dramatically
Thermohaline Circulation
44. High vs low
Threshold departures
25%
Inversion Layer Winter
Cloud Feedbacks
45. Where does the ozone protect us?
Mass Change
In the stratosphere.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Hydrological Drought
46. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Normal condition for air
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ocean water
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
47. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Depth v Surface
Absolute thresholds
Antarctica
48. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
More rain means no drought
Negative
Discontinuous
49. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Radiative Forcing
Thermokarst Lake
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
50. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
25%
Inversion Layer Winter
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