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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice absorbs
Indirect heat wave effect
2. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Greenhouse Gases
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Mass Balance
3. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
50%
25%
Percentile departures
4. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Global warming and hot nights?
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
5. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Atmospheric Structure
Atmospheric Composition?
More rain means no drought
Increases - decreases
6. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Antarctica
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
7. Total absorbed solar radiation
Altimetry (height)
Methane
70%
How we measure Mass Balance
8. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Increases - decreases
IPCC
Arctic Atmosphere
Frozen Soil
9. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Permafrost
Once every 4 years.
Altimetry
10. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Earth's tilt
Reduction in sea-ice extent
GHG
Normal condition for air
11. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Normal condition for air
Global warming and hot nights?
Percentile departures
12. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Ice Cap
Mass Change
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Thermokarst
13. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Negative
Atmospheric Circulation
Time Variable Gravity
14. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Radiative Flux
Ozone
Types of Albedo
Ice shelf
15. Less frequent and weaker
7%
Warm
Inversion Layer Summer
Wetter; drier
16. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Through talik
Grounding Lines
Atmospheric Composition
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
17. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Today melting ice
45%
Antarctica
18. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
La Nia
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Percentile departures
19. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Ozone Hole
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Melt
Ice Sheets
20. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Grounding v Surface Melting
All Greenhouse gases
Ice Discharge
What effects the density
21. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Greenland
Altimetry Pros
Ice-Ocean Interactions
22. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Troposphere
Black Carbon
Ice Cap
23. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Dynamic thinning
The cryosphere
Radiative Flux
Shortwave Length
24. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Types of Albedo
Permafrost
Accumulation
Albedo
25. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Sunspots
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Agricultural Drought
Sea-Ice Albedo
26. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ice Sheets
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Albedo
Grounding v Surface Melting
27. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Normal condition for air
Thermokarst
Warming; cooling
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
28. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Antarctica
30%
Ice in the Arctic
Threshold departures
29. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Ice Discharge
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Surface Mass Balance
Climate Change in the Arctic
30. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Air pollution
70%
summer
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
31. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
La Nia
In the troposphere that we live in.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Thinner atmosphere
32. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Energy Budget
Layers of Earth
Grounding Lines
Normal condition for air
33. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Types of Albedo
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Mass Balance
34. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Talik
35. The Earth emits this.
Discontinuous
Longwave Radiation
Sunspots
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
36. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
In the troposphere that we live in.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Talik
37. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
The cryosphere
Arctic Atmosphere
Percentile departures
Ocean water
38. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Accumulation
50%
Archimedes' Principle
Hydrological Drought
39. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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40. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
30%
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulatoin
41. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Calving
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Radiative Flux
42. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Arctic Atmosphere
Grounding v Surface Melting
Sunspots
Sublimation
43. Melting Point decreases
Surface Mass Balance
Air pollution
.75OC/km-1
Altimetry
44. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Increases - decreases
Agricultural Drought
Grounding v Surface Melting
Calving
45. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
Inversion Layer Winter
46. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Frozen Soil
Grounding Lines
Atmospheric Composition
Energy Budget
47. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Calving
Where rise in OC is greatest
Natural Causes of Warming
48. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Active Layer
1 m/yr; 10x
Once every 4 years.
Altimetry (height)
49. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Greenhouse Gases
45%
Types of Albedo
Inversion Layer Summer
50. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
7%
Altimetry Pros
Longwave Radiation
Dry