Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






2. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






3. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






4. High vs low






5. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.






6. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






7. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






8. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






9. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






10. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






11. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






12. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






13. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






14. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






15. Where does the ozone protect us?






16. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






17. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






18. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.






19. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






20. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.






21. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






22. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere






23. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2






24. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






25. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






26. 85%






27. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






28. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






29. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






30. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






31. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface






32. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






33. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






34. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






35. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






36. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






37. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






38. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






39. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






40. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






41. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






42. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






43. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






44. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?






45. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






46. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






47. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






48. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






49. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv






50. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.