Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






2. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.






3. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






4. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






5. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






6. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.






7. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.






8. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already






9. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)






10. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






11. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






12. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






13. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






14. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






15. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






16. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






17. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






18. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






19. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






20. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






21. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






22. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?






23. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






24. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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25. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic






26. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






27. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






28. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






29. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.






30. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






31. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






32. More common






33. Amount of light absorbed by surface






34. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.






35. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






36. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






37. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






38. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






39. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.






40. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.






41. Where does the ozone protect us?






42. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.






43. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






44. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






45. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.






46. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






47. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






48. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






49. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






50. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.