SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Shortwave Length
Grounding v Surface Melting
Methane
Dynamic thinning
2. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Layers of Earth
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
3. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Thermokarst Lake
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Frozen Soil
Where rise in OC is greatest
4. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Once every 4 years.
GHG
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Air pollution
5. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation
Calving
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Troposphere
6. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Energy Budget
Negative
Dynamic thinning
How we measure Mass Balance
7. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Ozone Hole
Heat Source and Pressure
Altimetry (height)
Wetter; drier
8. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Layers of Earth
Calving
Thinner atmosphere
Greenland
9. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Layers of Earth
How talik forms under lakes
Ice loss
Time Variable Gravity
10. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Ice Motion
winter
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
11. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Heat Source and Pressure
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
How we measure Mass Balance
12. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Strong
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
13. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Mass Change
Earth's tilt
All Greenhouse gases
Grounding Lines
14. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ocean water
45%
Methane
15. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
% of Greenhouse Gases
25%
Altimetry (height)
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
16. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Atmospheric Composition
Meteorological Drought
Discontinuous
17. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Affect Floods and Droughts
% of Greenhouse Gases
Inversion Layer Summer
18. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Ice Shelf
Greenland
Earth's tilt
19. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
La Nia
75-OC
air can warm dramatically
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
20. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Permafrost
Heat wave
30%
Dynamic thinning
21. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Cap
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ozone Hole
22. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Permafrost
Meteorological Drought
50%
Air pollution
23. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Permafrost Degradation
Ocean water
Today melting ice
24. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Permafrost
Meteorological Drought
Carbon Dioxide
45%
25. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Black Carbon
Active Layer
Stronger
Open talik
26. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Today melting ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Energy Budget
Wetter; drier
27. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Thinner atmosphere
Ice Shelf
Mass Change
28. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Grounding Lines
Monthly maximums and minimums
Thermohaline Circulation
Heat wave
29. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Where rise in OC is greatest
Permafrost
Dynamic thinning
Cloud Feedbacks
30. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Active Layer
Ice loss
Ice Sheets
31. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
How we measure Mass Balance
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Global warming and hot nights?
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
32. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Natural Causes of Warming
Ice-Albedo
Radiative Flux
Radiative Forcing
33. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Thermokarst
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice-Albedo
34. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Longwave Radiation
In the troposphere that we live in.
Melt
35. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
Altimetry Cons
air can warm dramatically
Calving
36. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Hydrological Drought
37. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Carbon Dioxide
Through talik
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
38. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
All Greenhouse gases
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice Shelf
39. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Thermokarst Lake
air can warm dramatically
Permafrost
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
40. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Global warming and hot nights?
Altimetry Pros
Altimetry (height)
Longwave Radiation
41. The Earth emits this.
Ice/snow
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
Frozen Soil
42. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
45%
Infrared radiation
Natural Causes of Warming
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
43. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Grounding Lines
Thermohaline Circulation
44. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Positive
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Global warming and hot nights?
45. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Altimetry Pros
Rainy
Absolute thresholds
Ice-Ocean Interactions
46. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Altimetry Pros
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
El Nino
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
47. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
air can warm dramatically
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Surface Mass Balance
48. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Threshold departures
Cloud Feedbacks
Permafrost
air can warm dramatically
49. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Affect Floods and Droughts
Accumulation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
50. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
50%
Depth v Surface
7%
What effects the density