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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How often does El Nio occur?






2. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






3. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






4. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.






5. High vs low






6. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






7. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.






8. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






9. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






10. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.






11. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






12. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






13. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






14. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.






15. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






16. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.






17. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






18. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






19. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






20. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






21. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






22. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.






23. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






24. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






25. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.






26. Amount of light absorbed by surface






27. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






28. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.






29. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






30. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






31. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






32. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.






33. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans






34. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






35. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






36. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






37. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






38. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






39. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






40. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation






41. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!






42. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






43. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.






44. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






45. The amount of light reflected by an object.






46. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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47. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.






48. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






49. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






50. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.







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