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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






2. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






3. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






4. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






5. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






6. The amount of light reflected by an object.






7. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






8. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






9. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






10. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






11. More common






12. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






13. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






14. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface






15. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






16. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






17. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






18. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)






19. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs






20. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






21. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.

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22. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






23. 240 w/m squared






24. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






25. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






26. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.






27. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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28. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)






29. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






30. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






31. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






32. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






33. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.






34. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






35. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.






36. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






37. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






38. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought






39. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






40. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






41. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






42. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






43. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






44. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






45. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans






46. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.






47. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century






48. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






49. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






50. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.







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