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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
summer
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Hydrological Drought
2. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Warm
Black Carbon
Atmospheric Structure
The cryosphere
3. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Active Layer
Ocean water
Hydrological Drought
4. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Meteorological Drought
Through talik
30%
Grounding Lines
5. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Air pollution
Strong
Through talik
Ozone Hole
6. Less frequent and weaker
Active Layer
Once every 4 years.
Inversion Layer Summer
Frozen Soil
7. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Mass Budget
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Talik
Ocean water
8. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
How to define a heatwave
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Infrared radiation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
9. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Normal condition for air
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
10. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
20%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
GHG
Thermokarst
11. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Through talik
12. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Strong
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Increases - decreases
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
13. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Layers of Earth
IPCC
70%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
14. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
IPCC
In the troposphere that we live in.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
15. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
reduction in sea-ice
Normal condition for air
Discontinuous
Altimetry Cons
16. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Heat wave
Arctic Atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
More rain means no drought
17. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
45%
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Negative
18. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
All Greenhouse gases
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Atmospheric Composition
Reduction in sea-ice extent
19. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Grounding Lines
US and precipitation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Altimetry
20. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Monthly maximums and minimums
30%
Altimetry
21. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Cloud Feedbacks
Warming; cooling
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
22. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Greenhouse Gases
% of Greenhouse Gases
Sublimation
23. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Air pollution
Cloud Feedbacks
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
24. 85%
Longwave Radiation
20%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Greenland
25. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Time Variable Gravity
Antarctica
Ice/snow
26. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Ozone
Thinner atmosphere
Severe coastal erosion
Atmospheric Circulation
27. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Once every 4 years.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Indirect heat wave effect
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
28. How much is the planet really warming?
Natural Causes of Warming
Sea-Ice Albedo
air can warm dramatically
.7O Celsius over the past century.
29. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Atmospheric Circulation
Grounding Lines
The cryosphere
Meteorological Drought
30. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Antarctica
Grounding Lines
Dynamic thinning
Ice-Ocean Interactions
31. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Radiative Forcing
Permafrost
Active Layer
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
32. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Inversion Layer Summer
summer
Ice Cap
Mass Change
33. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ice shelf
30%
Absolute thresholds
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
34. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
Ozone Hole
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Shortwave Length
35. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Thermokarst
Ocean water
US and precipitation
30%
36. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
Grounding Lines
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Atmospheric Circulation
37. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Calving
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Greenland
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
38. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Importance of ice sheets
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Warm
39. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
air can warm dramatically
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Heat wave
Radiative Flux
40. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Layers of Earth
Meteorological Drought
summer
41. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Ice in the Arctic
Altimetry Cons
Ice-Albedo
Absolute thresholds
42. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Ice Cap
Cloud Feedbacks
Permafrost
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
43. The Earth emits this.
How to define a heatwave
Earth's tilt
Longwave Radiation
How we measure Mass Balance
44. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
How talik forms under lakes
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Agricultural Drought
Types of Albedo
45. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Atmospheric Composition?
Sunspots
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
46. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Permafrost
Types of Albedo
Troposphere
47. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
20%
Percentile departures
Global warming and hot nights?
48. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Greenland
75-OC
Greenhouse Gases
Permafrost Degradation
49. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
45%
air can warm dramatically
50. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Mass Change
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Albedo