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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Atmospheric Composition?
Altimetry (height)
Methane
Reduction in sea-ice extent
2. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice absorbs
Talik
Discontinuous
3. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
50%
Global warming and hot nights?
Atmospheric Composition?
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
4. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Time Variable Gravity
Carbon Dioxide
5. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
El Nino
Questions to think about
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
6. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Accumulation
75-OC
Permafrost
7. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
The cryosphere
More rain means no drought
Ozone Hole
Sunspots
8. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
The Ozone Hole
Dry
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Active Layer
9. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Ice absorbs
Absolute thresholds
Rainy
10. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Thinner atmosphere
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
11. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Normal condition for air
Carbon Dioxide
Energy Budget
Ice shelf
12. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Natural Causes of Warming
Melt
Methane
Sea Ice
13. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Ice shelf
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
14. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Atmospheric Composition
15. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Positive feedbacks both found in...
More rain means no drought
Time Variable Gravity
Threshold departures
16. High vs low
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Cloud Feedbacks
Percentile departures
Ice Motion
17. Melting Point decreases
Meteorological Drought
.75OC/km-1
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
18. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Infrared radiation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Normal condition for air
19. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Thermokarst Lake
Ice Motion
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
20. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Permafrost
Antarctica
Ice Sheets
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
21. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Ocean water
Permafrost
summer
Sea Ice
22. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Types of Albedo
Sunspots
Infrared radiation
23. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
1 m/yr; 10x
Grounding Lines
50%
24. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Positive
Ice/snow
The Ozone Hole
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
25. Less frequent and weaker
winter
Inversion Layer Summer
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
75-OC
26. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Mass Balance
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
summer
Absolute thresholds
27. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulation
Hydrological Drought
28. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Ice shelf
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone
Normal condition for air
29. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
30%
Stronger
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Mass Budget
30. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Discontinuous
Thermohaline Circulation
IPCC
Grounding v Surface Melting
31. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Where rise in OC is greatest
30%
Atmospheric Circulation
32. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
The Ozone Hole
reduction in sea-ice
Radiative Forcing
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
33. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Methane
Affect Floods and Droughts
Increases - decreases
The cryosphere
34. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
45%
What happens with the Ozone Hole
35. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Albedo
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ocean water
36. Really measures volume.
Closed talik
Accumulation
Cloud Feedbacks
Altimetry
37. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Time Variable Gravity
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
38. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Talik
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Antarctica
Surface Mass Balance
39. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Carbon Dioxide
What effects the density
Importance of ice sheets
Ice Cap
40. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Warm
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Surface Mass Balance
41. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Ocean water
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ice Shelf
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
42. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Global warming and hot nights?
Where rise in OC is greatest
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Motion
43. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
El Nino
Ice in the Arctic
The Ozone Hole
Positive
44. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
summer
Ice shelf
45. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Troposphere
Active Layer
Why the Arctic climate is special
46. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
How talik forms under lakes
Shortwave Length
Radiative Flux
47. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Permafrost Degradation
Through talik
Altimetry
El Nino
48. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Methane
Inversion Layer Winter
Positive
Ice Motion
49. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Melt
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Warm
50. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Thermohaline Circulatoin
How a closed talik forms
Greenland
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