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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Surface Mass Balance
Dynamic thinning
Warming; cooling
2. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Greenland
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Importance of ice sheets
3. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Archimedes' Principle
All Greenhouse gases
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Questions to think about
4. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Very small portion
Accumulation
Dynamic thinning
5. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Cloud Feedbacks
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice Sheets
6. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ice absorbs
Once every 4 years.
Albedo
Ocean water
7. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Infrared radiation
Absolute thresholds
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Where rise in OC is greatest
8. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Altimetry
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Layers of Earth
winter
9. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
More rain means no drought
Sea-Ice Albedo
Very small portion
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
10. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Altimetry Cons
Antarctica
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Atmospheric Composition
11. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Positive feedbacks both found in...
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Stronger
Frozen Soil
12. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
IPCC
The Ozone Hole
% of Greenhouse Gases
The cryosphere
13. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Melt
Thermohaline Circulation
Negative
Thermokarst
14. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
30%
Ice Sheets
15. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
30%
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
More rain means no drought
GHG
16. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Affect Floods and Droughts
Thermohaline Circulation
Troposphere
La Nia
17. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Methane
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ozone
Active Layer
18. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
More rain means no drought
Thermokarst Lake
Permafrost
Strong
19. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Affect Floods and Droughts
50%
Hydrological Drought
20. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Increases - decreases
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Percentile departures
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
21. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Air pollution
7%
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thermokarst
22. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Longwave Radiation
How a closed talik forms
Atmospheric Structure
Radiative Flux
23. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Increases - decreases
Severe coastal erosion
Warming; cooling
Rainy
24. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Permafrost Degradation
Thinner atmosphere
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Severe coastal erosion
25. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Ice Shelf
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice Cap
Permafrost
26. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Mass Change
Meteorological Drought
Warm
Infrared radiation
27. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
30%
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Grounding v Surface Melting
45%
28. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Where rise in OC is greatest
7%
29. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Air pollution
Ice Motion
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Shortwave Length
30. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
How we measure Mass Balance
Permafrost
Monthly maximums and minimums
Albedo
31. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Stronger
.75OC/km-1
Once every 4 years.
32. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
reduction in sea-ice
All Greenhouse gases
Longwave Radiation
33. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Altimetry (height)
Antarctica
Today melting ice
50%
34. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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183
35. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Antarctica
45%
Atmospheric Structure
36. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Hydrological Drought
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Air pollution
37. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Albedo
Affect Floods and Droughts
Absolute thresholds
Inversion Layer Summer
38. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Heat wave
Ice Discharge
Threshold departures
39. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
GHG
Very small portion
IPCC
Hydrological Drought
40. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
% of Greenhouse Gases
El Nino
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
41. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Depth v Surface
Talik
70%
Sea-Ice Albedo
42. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Through talik
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Mass Change
Antarctica
43. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
How talik forms under lakes
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Dry
44. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Global warming and hot nights?
What happens with the Ozone Hole
In the troposphere that we live in.
45. The Earth emits this.
Indirect heat wave effect
Longwave Radiation
45%
1 m/yr; 10x
46. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Methane
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Mass Change
47. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Discontinuous
30%
25%
Thermohaline Circulation
48. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Infrared radiation
Radiative Flux
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
49. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
25%
Black Carbon
Grounding Lines
El Nio is in the coasts of...
50. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Sublimation
Ice Motion
Thermokarst
Global warming and hot nights?