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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Sublimation
Ice Motion
Percentile departures
Ocean water
2. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Altimetry Pros
Negative
Dynamic thinning
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
3. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
In the stratosphere.
Sublimation
Heat wave
Permafrost Degradation
4. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Open talik
Greenland
Air pollution
5. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Earth's tilt
The Ozone Hole
Very small portion
6. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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7. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Air pollution
70%
Talik
Active Layer
8. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Archimedes' Principle
Grounding Lines
Types of Albedo
9. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
La Nia
The Ozone Hole
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Warm
10. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Time Variable Gravity
Infrared radiation
Grounding v Surface Melting
Positive
11. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
All Greenhouse gases
Accumulation
The cryosphere
12. Measures input and output.
30%
Mass Budget
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Sheets
13. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Active Layer
Antarctica
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Negative
14. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Inversion Layer Summer
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice Cap
15. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Warm
Albedo
Methane
16. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Layers of Earth
Atmospheric Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
17. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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18. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Ice-Albedo
Percentile departures
Altimetry Pros
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
19. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
75-OC
Types of Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
20. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Stronger
More rain means no drought
Active Layer
Shortwave Length
21. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Ice-Albedo
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
doubles
22. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Importance of ice sheets
7%
Surface Mass Balance
Shortwave Length
23. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Importance of ice sheets
Thermohaline Circulation
How a closed talik forms
Ice Discharge
24. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Climate Change in the Arctic
Troposphere
Sea-Ice Albedo
25. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Depth v Surface
Open talik
Dry
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
26. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost
Permafrost Degradation
Ice Discharge
Thinner atmosphere
27. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
The Ozone Hole
What effects the density
How talik forms under lakes
28. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Shortwave Length
Methane
GHG
29. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Radiative Forcing
Warming; cooling
Mass Budget
30. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Agricultural Drought
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice Shelf
What happens with the Ozone Hole
31. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
air can warm dramatically
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Mass Budget
Global warming and hot nights?
32. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Agricultural Drought
Black Carbon
Atmospheric Composition
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
33. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
45%
34. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
In the stratosphere.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
35. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice Discharge
Increases - decreases
Open talik
36. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Grounding Lines
Time Variable Gravity
La Nia
37. How much is the planet really warming?
Mass Budget
Layers of Earth
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Thermohaline Circulation
38. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
50%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Questions to think about
39. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Warming; cooling
Mass Change
How we measure Mass Balance
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
40. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Discontinuous
Indirect heat wave effect
Dynamic thinning
Ice Sheets
41. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Closed talik
Talik
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
42. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
How to define a heatwave
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Discharge
Ice Sheets
43. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
1 m/yr; 10x
Thermokarst Lake
Grounding Lines
Radiative Forcing
44. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
Open talik
Ice in the Arctic
Archimedes' Principle
45. 240 w/m squared
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Stronger
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
46. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Closed talik
Through talik
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Precipitation and High Latitudes
47. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Time Variable Gravity
Grounding v Surface Melting
48. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Depth v Surface
Strong
The cryosphere
Black Carbon
49. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice in the Arctic
summer
50. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Radiative Forcing
Ozone Hole
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Altimetry Cons