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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
% of Greenhouse Gases
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Threshold departures
2. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
45%
Discontinuous
Heat wave
3. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Monthly maximums and minimums
Air pollution
Normal condition for air
Ice Shelf
4. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
US and precipitation
Increases - decreases
Troposphere
Thermohaline Circulatoin
5. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Permafrost Degradation
Atmospheric Structure
Ocean water
Antarctica
6. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Permafrost
Accumulation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
The Ozone Hole
7. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Ice Motion
La Nia
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
8. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
air can warm dramatically
Heat wave
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
9. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Talik
Surface Mass Balance
Ocean water
Agricultural Drought
10. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Ozone Hole
Climate Change in the Arctic
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
11. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Mass Budget
Negative
12. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
7%
Ocean water
Ice loss
.75OC/km-1
13. Measures input and output.
Talik
Antarctica
Mass Budget
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
14. The amount of light reflected by an object.
How we measure Mass Balance
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Black Carbon
Albedo
15. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Absolute thresholds
Active Layer
16. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Normal condition for air
Depth v Surface
% of Greenhouse Gases
What effects the density
17. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
30%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
% of Greenhouse Gases
18. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Time Variable Gravity
Global warming and hot nights?
Once every 4 years.
.75OC/km-1
19. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Air pollution
Mass Balance
Heat Source and Pressure
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
20. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Altimetry Cons
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
21. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Sunspots
Thermohaline Circulation
Normal condition for air
Severe coastal erosion
22. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
summer
Indirect heat wave effect
23. High vs low
Wetter; drier
Cloud Feedbacks
Time Variable Gravity
Altimetry Cons
24. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Percentile departures
Affect Floods and Droughts
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
25. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
How we measure Mass Balance
Warm
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Negative
26. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
7%
75-OC
Grounding Lines
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
27. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
summer
Thermohaline Circulation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
US and precipitation
28. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
summer
70%
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Through talik
29. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Grounding Lines
Ocean water
Positive
30. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Dry
Talik
Increases - decreases
31. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Ozone Hole
Warming; cooling
winter
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
32. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Very small portion
Negative
Melt
33. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Mass Change
Radiative Flux
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Mass Budget
34. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice Sheets
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ocean water
35. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Depth v Surface
30%
% of Greenhouse Gases
US and precipitation
36. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
37. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Natural Causes of Warming
Meteorological Drought
Frozen Soil
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
38. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Ozone
The Ozone Hole
Greenhouse Gases
39. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Warm
Ozone Hole
Very small portion
40. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Indirect heat wave effect
summer
Atmospheric Composition?
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
41. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Percentile departures
Atmospheric Circulation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
42. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
50%
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ocean water
Ice shelf
43. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Earth's tilt
Through talik
Ice-Ocean Interactions
How a closed talik forms
44. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Heat wave
How a closed talik forms
Ocean water
Antarctica
45. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Questions to think about
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Mass Change
46. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
75-OC
Permafrost
Affect Floods and Droughts
Heat Source and Pressure
47. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Atmospheric Composition
Very small portion
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
48. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Questions to think about
Precipitation and High Latitudes
49. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Antarctica
Methane
50. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ice in the Arctic
Ozone Hole
Greenhouse Gases
50%