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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
70%
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Grounding Lines
Surface Mass Balance
2. The Earth emits this.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Longwave Radiation
Thermokarst
Ice Sheets
3. Measures input and output.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Mass Budget
Ice-Albedo
Indirect heat wave effect
4. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Troposphere
GHG
Atmospheric Structure
5. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Ozone
Earth's tilt
How a closed talik forms
6. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Methane
More rain means no drought
Grounding v Surface Melting
7. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Surface Mass Balance
Black Carbon
El Nio is in the coasts of...
8. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Accumulation
Depth v Surface
How a closed talik forms
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
9. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
75-OC
Surface Mass Balance
All Greenhouse gases
Meteorological Drought
10. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Heat wave
% of Greenhouse Gases
11. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Antarctica
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ice in the Arctic
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
12. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ozone
Ice Sheets
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Depth v Surface
13. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Methane
Agricultural Drought
14. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Arctic Atmosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Ice shelf
US and precipitation
15. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Where rise in OC is greatest
Agricultural Drought
Sublimation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
16. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
25%
Global warming and hot nights?
17. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Inversion Layer Summer
Positive feedbacks both found in...
GHG
18. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Permafrost Degradation
Thermokarst
20%
Mass Budget
19. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
7%
Ice Discharge
In the troposphere that we live in.
Cloud Feedbacks
20. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
Positive
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Talik
21. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Severe coastal erosion
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Antarctica
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
22. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Sunspots
Atmospheric Circulation
Mass Change
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
23. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Very small portion
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
24. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Surface Mass Balance
Warming; cooling
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Discontinuous
25. Ocean retains ____ CO2
30%
25%
Today melting ice
Black Carbon
26. High vs low
Dry
reduction in sea-ice
Atmospheric Composition
Cloud Feedbacks
27. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Ice Shelf
Absolute thresholds
Today melting ice
Active Layer
28. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Altimetry Cons
Ice Cap
Monthly maximums and minimums
Talik
29. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ozone
Permafrost
Increases - decreases
summer
30. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice shelf
Stronger
30%
31. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Radiative Forcing
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Climate Change in the Arctic
32. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Ozone Hole
Greenland
Methane
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
33. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Atmospheric Structure
Mass Change
El Nio is in the coasts of...
34. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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35. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Warming; cooling
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Threshold departures
36. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Normal condition for air
20%
Antarctica
37. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Ice shelf
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Precipitation and High Latitudes
7%
38. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Ozone
Permafrost
Thermokarst
39. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Climate Change in the Arctic
Melt
Permafrost
Dynamic thinning
40. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
75-OC
Affect Floods and Droughts
30%
Questions to think about
41. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Global warming and hot nights?
Atmospheric Composition?
All Greenhouse gases
42. More common
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Inversion Layer Winter
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Methane
43. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
El Nino
Depth v Surface
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
44. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Severe coastal erosion
Melt
Dynamic thinning
air can warm dramatically
45. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Time Variable Gravity
Global warming and hot nights?
Thermohaline Circulation
Thermohaline Circulatoin
46. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Calving
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Mass Balance
47. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
1 m/yr; 10x
Permafrost Degradation
Atmospheric Composition?
Percentile departures
48. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Shelf
Ice Cap
air can warm dramatically
Earth's tilt
49. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Archimedes' Principle
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
50. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Time Variable Gravity
Longwave Radiation
Negative