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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Once every 4 years.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
2. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
75-OC
Through talik
Calving
Today melting ice
3. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Permafrost
Positive
La Nia
Antarctica
4. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Rainy
Altimetry
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
5. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Radiative Forcing
70%
Active Layer
Arctic Atmosphere
6. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
75-OC
Through talik
More rain means no drought
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
7. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Greenland
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice-Albedo
Natural Causes of Warming
8. Less frequent and weaker
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
summer
Affect Floods and Droughts
Inversion Layer Summer
9. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Dynamic thinning
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice absorbs
Ozone Hole
10. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Indirect heat wave effect
IPCC
Albedos of Snow and Ice
All Greenhouse gases
11. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Rainy
Energy Budget
30%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
12. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Altimetry (height)
Atmospheric Structure
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
13. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Permafrost Degradation
Ocean water
14. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Absolute thresholds
Ice Motion
The cryosphere
15. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Ice loss
Threshold departures
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Surface Mass Balance
16. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Permafrost Degradation
Greenhouse Gases
50%
17. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Troposphere
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
In the troposphere that we live in.
18. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Antarctica
19. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Ice-Albedo
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Mass Budget
20. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Wetter; drier
Thinner atmosphere
Ocean water
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
21. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Ozone
Ice/snow
Ice Sheets
22. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Negative
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
In the stratosphere.
23. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Surface Mass Balance
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
24. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Indirect heat wave effect
Grounding Lines
Accumulation
25. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Thinner atmosphere
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Altimetry
Radiative Forcing
26. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
La Nia
Infrared radiation
Active Layer
Dry
27. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
El Nino
Dynamic thinning
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice/snow
28. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Once every 4 years.
Black Carbon
Methane
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
29. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
La Nia
Ocean water
Frozen Soil
1 m/yr; 10x
30. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Ice Discharge
Altimetry (height)
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Altimetry Pros
31. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Wetter; drier
Ice Shelf
Shortwave Length
Thermohaline Circulation
32. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Positive
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice Sheets
Types of Albedo
33. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Frozen Soil
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
doubles
summer
34. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Importance of ice sheets
Layers of Earth
Hydrological Drought
Accumulation
35. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Layers of Earth
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Grounding Lines
36. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Surface Mass Balance
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice-Albedo
Shortwave Length
37. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ozone
Inversion Layer Winter
Radiative Forcing
38. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Importance of ice sheets
Ocean water
Altimetry (height)
30%
39. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Thermokarst
In the troposphere that we live in.
40. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Closed talik
Questions to think about
What effects the density
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
41. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Ice/snow
Ocean water
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
42. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Ice-Albedo
Natural Causes of Warming
Very small portion
43. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Depth v Surface
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
All Greenhouse gases
Layers of Earth
44. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice/snow
Ice-Ocean Interactions
GHG
Ice-Albedo
45. The Earth emits this.
30%
Longwave Radiation
Calving
45%
46. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
How a closed talik forms
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice in the Arctic
GHG
47. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
How we measure Mass Balance
Radiative Flux
Why the Arctic climate is special
Natural Causes of Warming
48. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Sunspots
Dynamic thinning
Absolute thresholds
Rainy
49. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Rainy
In the troposphere that we live in.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Monthly maximums and minimums
50. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice absorbs
What effects the density
Rainy
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