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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
50%
summer
Open talik
2. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
20%
Air pollution
75-OC
Agricultural Drought
3. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Indirect heat wave effect
Natural Causes of Warming
Thermohaline Circulation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
4. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Stronger
Ocean water
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
5. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Sublimation
Mass Balance
Percentile departures
6. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Surface Mass Balance
Radiative Flux
Heat Source and Pressure
Sunspots
7. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Strong
How a closed talik forms
30%
Antarctica
8. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Antarctica
Ice Cap
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
9. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Importance of ice sheets
Surface Mass Balance
Indirect heat wave effect
The Ozone Hole
10. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
GHG
Sea-Ice Albedo
Grounding Lines
11. Really measures volume.
Natural Causes of Warming
Discontinuous
Altimetry
How a closed talik forms
12. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Heat wave
Atmospheric Structure
70%
13. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Grounding Lines
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Atmospheric Structure
Ice in the Arctic
14. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ocean water
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
30%
Rainy
15. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Threshold departures
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Calving
Why the Arctic climate is special
16. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice loss
Closed talik
Ozone
17. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermokarst Lake
Grounding Lines
Stronger
18. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Layers of Earth
Sea-Ice Albedo
Stronger
19. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Radiative Flux
Methane
Through talik
Depth v Surface
20. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Warm
Severe coastal erosion
GHG
21. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Melt
All Greenhouse gases
25%
Energy Budget
22. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Methane
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
reduction in sea-ice
Antarctica
23. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Hydrological Drought
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Altimetry Pros
24. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
30%
Today melting ice
Inversion Layer (feedback)
25. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Structure
30%
Severe coastal erosion
Atmospheric Composition
26. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Mass Change
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
More rain means no drought
27. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Accumulation
Importance of ice sheets
Very small portion
20%
28. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Ozone Hole
Talik
Through talik
Indirect heat wave effect
29. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Permafrost
Permafrost Degradation
30. How much is the planet really warming?
Troposphere
Depth v Surface
Arctic Atmosphere
.7O Celsius over the past century.
31. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Atmospheric Circulation
Negative
Depth v Surface
32. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Thermohaline Circulation
Altimetry (height)
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
33. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Talik
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Antarctica
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
34. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Atmospheric Circulation
Absolute thresholds
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Climate Change in the Arctic
35. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Discontinuous
Today melting ice
Energy Budget
75-OC
36. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Surface Mass Balance
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Frozen Soil
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
37. High vs low
Ocean water
Cloud Feedbacks
.75OC/km-1
Threshold departures
38. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Frozen Soil
Ozone Hole
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Radiative Forcing
39. Melting Point decreases
How we measure Mass Balance
.75OC/km-1
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
summer
40. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Heat wave
Shortwave Length
Meteorological Drought
How talik forms under lakes
41. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ice shelf
Methane
Increases - decreases
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
42. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Atmospheric Circulation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Surface Mass Balance
Frozen Soil
43. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Severe coastal erosion
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Heat wave
Once every 4 years.
44. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Altimetry Pros
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sublimation
45. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
70%
Heat Source and Pressure
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Altimetry
46. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Indirect heat wave effect
Dynamic thinning
Agricultural Drought
The cryosphere
47. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Closed talik
El Nino
Ice Discharge
Severe coastal erosion
48. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Altimetry Cons
Types of Albedo
Frozen Soil
49. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Earth's tilt
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Hydrological Drought
Depth v Surface
50. Measures input and output.
Mass Budget
Where rise in OC is greatest
Methane
Ice Motion
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