Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






2. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






3. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.






4. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






5. Like weighing oneself on the scale.






6. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.






7. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.






8. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






9. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.






10. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






11. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2






12. The amount of light reflected by an object.






13. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






14. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






15. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?






16. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface






17. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






18. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






19. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.






20. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






21. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






22. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






23. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






24. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.






25. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






26. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






27. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






28. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






29. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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30. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.






31. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






32. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






33. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






34. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC






35. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






36. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.






37. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US






38. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.






39. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






40. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






41. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.






42. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






43. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets






44. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






45. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






46. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.






47. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere






48. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






49. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface






50. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.