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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
GHG
The Ozone Hole
Cloud Feedbacks
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
2. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Agricultural Drought
Why the Arctic climate is special
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
3. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Permafrost
Through talik
Greenland
Types of Albedo
4. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Thermohaline Circulation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Negative
Active Layer
5. High vs low
Mass Change
How a closed talik forms
Types of Albedo
Cloud Feedbacks
6. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Talik
Atmospheric Composition
30%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
7. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
IPCC
1 m/yr; 10x
Infrared radiation
8. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Open talik
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Reduction in sea-ice extent
9. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Atmospheric Structure
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Types of Albedo
10. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Altimetry Cons
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
11. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Melt
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
12. Melting Point decreases
Thermokarst
Questions to think about
.75OC/km-1
Atmospheric Composition
13. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
The cryosphere
Antarctica
Increases - decreases
14. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Stronger
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
15. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Indirect heat wave effect
The Ozone Hole
reduction in sea-ice
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
16. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
How talik forms under lakes
30%
Hydrological Drought
Increases - decreases
17. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
Thermokarst Lake
Cloud Feedbacks
Mass Budget
18. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Methane
Climate Change in the Arctic
Ocean water
19. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Atmospheric Composition?
Ice Shelf
Indirect heat wave effect
20. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Surface Mass Balance
La Nia
Layers of Earth
Discontinuous
21. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Indirect heat wave effect
Ozone
Reduction in sea-ice extent
22. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
In the troposphere that we live in.
Grounding Lines
Meteorological Drought
23. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Heat Source and Pressure
24. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Ocean water
In the troposphere that we live in.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermohaline Circulation
25. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Altimetry (height)
Open talik
US and precipitation
Atmospheric Structure
26. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Normal condition for air
El Nino
Positive feedbacks both found in...
27. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ocean water
Ice-Ocean Interactions
.75OC/km-1
summer
28. Really measures volume.
Sunspots
Monthly maximums and minimums
Questions to think about
Altimetry
29. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
How talik forms under lakes
Mass Change
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
30. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
How we measure Mass Balance
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Talik
31. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
How a closed talik forms
Radiative Flux
Absolute thresholds
32. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Normal condition for air
Ice shelf
Once every 4 years.
33. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Methane
Albedo
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Where rise in OC is greatest
34. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Thermokarst
Warming; cooling
% of Greenhouse Gases
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
35. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Natural Causes of Warming
Sea-Ice Albedo
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Global warming and hot nights?
36. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Shelf
Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Sheets
Troposphere
37. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Methane
20%
38. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Natural Causes of Warming
Ozone Hole
Indirect heat wave effect
39. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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40. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Ice Sheets
Troposphere
Thinner atmosphere
Inversion Layer Winter
41. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Rainy
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Agricultural Drought
42. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Greenland
Thinner atmosphere
Ocean water
Questions to think about
43. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
The cryosphere
Altimetry Pros
44. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
How a closed talik forms
Atmospheric Composition
Percentile departures
Ice/snow
45. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Methane
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Archimedes' Principle
46. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Severe coastal erosion
Permafrost
Discontinuous
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
47. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Depth v Surface
Mass Balance
48. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Agricultural Drought
Dynamic thinning
Inversion Layer Summer
49. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Greenhouse Gases
Sea Ice
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
50. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Warm
25%
Antarctica
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