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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Warming; cooling
Antarctica
2. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Grounding Lines
Ocean water
Atmospheric Composition?
Greenland
3. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Warm
Dynamic thinning
doubles
4. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Mass Budget
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Depth v Surface
5. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Negative
6. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Meteorological Drought
Surface Mass Balance
Open talik
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
7. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Accumulation
Ozone Hole
Natural Causes of Warming
Dynamic thinning
8. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Types of Albedo
What effects the density
Ice Sheets
9. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Where rise in OC is greatest
Calving
Open talik
Monthly maximums and minimums
10. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
The cryosphere
Carbon Dioxide
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Open talik
11. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Severe coastal erosion
Heat wave
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
12. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Ozone Hole
1 m/yr; 10x
Permafrost Degradation
13. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Increases - decreases
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice-Albedo
Methane
14. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice Motion
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
What effects the density
15. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Importance of ice sheets
Ice Shelf
Frozen Soil
16. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
How talik forms under lakes
Questions to think about
El Nino
Infrared radiation
17. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Grounding Lines
El Nino
Ozone Hole
18. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Inversion Layer Winter
Layers of Earth
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Heat Source and Pressure
19. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Altimetry
summer
IPCC
Monthly maximums and minimums
20. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Arctic Atmosphere
Altimetry Pros
El Nino
21. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
20%
Earth's tilt
Accumulation
22. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Today melting ice
Questions to think about
Ice Motion
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
23. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Types of Albedo
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
24. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Warming; cooling
Monthly maximums and minimums
Where rise in OC is greatest
Grounding Lines
25. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Absolute thresholds
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Altimetry
26. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
All Greenhouse gases
Sunspots
Talik
Normal condition for air
27. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
30%
Wetter; drier
Permafrost
Time Variable Gravity
28. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Threshold departures
Warming; cooling
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
29. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Very small portion
Thermokarst
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice absorbs
30. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Increases - decreases
More rain means no drought
Questions to think about
Stronger
31. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Arctic Atmosphere
Albedo
Thermohaline Circulation
32. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Greenhouse Gases
Black Carbon
Agricultural Drought
How a closed talik forms
33. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Albedo
Talik
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
1 m/yr; 10x
34. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Normal condition for air
Layers of Earth
Ice shelf
35. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
In the stratosphere.
Ice Sheets
% of Greenhouse Gases
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
36. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Methane
Arctic Atmosphere
Depth v Surface
Carbon Dioxide
37. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Positive
How to define a heatwave
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
38. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Time Variable Gravity
Absolute thresholds
39. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Atmospheric Structure
Sunspots
Negative
Ice-Ocean Interactions
40. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea Ice
41. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Antarctica
Greenhouse Gases
Ice Sheets
Ice Motion
42. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Very small portion
Methane
Today melting ice
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
43. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
air can warm dramatically
El Nino
Thermohaline Circulatoin
44. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
70%
Heat wave
Severe coastal erosion
45. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice Cap
Inversion Layer Winter
46. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
In the stratosphere.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
summer
Active Layer
47. Total absorbed solar radiation
Longwave Radiation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Very small portion
70%
48. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Climate Change in the Arctic
Longwave Radiation
Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Composition?
49. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
La Nia
Ice-Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
50. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
How to define a heatwave
Ozone
Ice shelf
Time Variable Gravity