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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
summer
Normal condition for air
2. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
winter
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Reduction in sea-ice extent
3. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Affect Floods and Droughts
Where rise in OC is greatest
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Melt
4. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
How talik forms under lakes
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
75-OC
Longwave Radiation
5. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Radiative Flux
Methane
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
6. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
In the troposphere that we live in.
70%
Active Layer
Negative
7. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Radiative Forcing
Climate Change in the Arctic
8. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ocean water
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ice-Albedo
9. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
50%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
30%
Black Carbon
10. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Air pollution
Ozone Hole
Ice Discharge
Altimetry Cons
11. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Questions to think about
Carbon Dioxide
Increases - decreases
Altimetry (height)
12. How much is the planet really warming?
Monthly maximums and minimums
.7O Celsius over the past century.
El Nino
The Ozone Hole
13. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Rainy
Atmospheric Composition
14. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Permafrost
US and precipitation
Cloud Feedbacks
Time Variable Gravity
15. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice Discharge
Atmospheric Circulation
16. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Altimetry Pros
Ice Cap
Atmospheric Composition?
17. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Ozone Hole
Stronger
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Discharge
18. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Climate Change in the Arctic
50%
19. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Ice in the Arctic
Ice loss
Layers of Earth
Grounding Lines
20. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
45%
Permafrost
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice Cap
21. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Natural Causes of Warming
Surface Mass Balance
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Greenland
22. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Mass Change
Wetter; drier
Arctic Atmosphere
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
23. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Sunspots
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Shelf
Once every 4 years.
24. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Types of Albedo
Positive
Ozone
25. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Calving
Cloud Feedbacks
Warm
Ice in the Arctic
26. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
Radiative Flux
Indirect heat wave effect
All Greenhouse gases
27. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Altimetry Cons
GHG
Arctic Atmosphere
28. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Active Layer
Thinner atmosphere
29. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
25%
45%
air can warm dramatically
30. More common
Sea Ice
Types of Albedo
GHG
Inversion Layer Winter
31. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Ocean water
Altimetry Cons
Troposphere
air can warm dramatically
32. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Warming; cooling
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Negative
33. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Thermokarst
How a closed talik forms
Increases - decreases
Positive
34. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Depth v Surface
air can warm dramatically
30%
35. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
In the stratosphere.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Closed talik
36. Ocean retains ____ CO2
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Absolute thresholds
25%
Albedo
37. The Earth emits this.
Grounding Lines
Air pollution
Longwave Radiation
Increases - decreases
38. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Active Layer
Grounding Lines
Sea Ice
39. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Warming; cooling
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Infrared radiation
winter
40. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Through talik
Ice Sheets
Radiative Flux
Layers of Earth
41. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice/snow
Ice absorbs
All Greenhouse gases
45%
42. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Atmospheric Composition?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ocean water
43. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Once every 4 years.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
How to define a heatwave
More rain means no drought
44. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Frozen Soil
50%
Ice absorbs
45. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
30%
Ice Motion
Troposphere
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
46. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
The Ozone Hole
Black Carbon
Threshold departures
47. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Global warming and hot nights?
Normal condition for air
Greenland
Altimetry (height)
48. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Atmospheric Structure
Positive
The cryosphere
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
49. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Altimetry Cons
Importance of ice sheets
50. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Rainy
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst
Mass Balance