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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
Energy Budget
Today melting ice
Layers of Earth
2. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Calving
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Indirect heat wave effect
In the troposphere that we live in.
3. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Natural Causes of Warming
Once every 4 years.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
How to define a heatwave
4. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Methane
Grounding Lines
5. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Today melting ice
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Cloud Feedbacks
Precipitation and High Latitudes
6. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Sea Ice
Percentile departures
Shortwave Length
7. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Longwave Radiation
Ice Discharge
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice Cap
8. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice Sheets
9. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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10. The Earth emits this.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Longwave Radiation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
11. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Heat wave
Albedo
Reduction in sea-ice extent
12. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
How a closed talik forms
Ice-Albedo
Absolute thresholds
13. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Ozone
Surface Mass Balance
Global warming and hot nights?
Very small portion
14. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Atmospheric Composition?
Rainy
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Heat wave
15. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Today melting ice
Altimetry Cons
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
16. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Altimetry Pros
17. High vs low
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Cloud Feedbacks
50%
US and precipitation
18. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Thermokarst
Arctic Atmosphere
US and precipitation
19. Where does the ozone protect us?
Ice loss
In the stratosphere.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice-Ocean Interactions
20. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Indirect heat wave effect
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Discontinuous
21. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Surface Mass Balance
Surface Mass Balance
IPCC
Ice Motion
22. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
winter
Time Variable Gravity
In the troposphere that we live in.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
23. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Inversion Layer Winter
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
24. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Energy Budget
Calving
Thermohaline Circulatoin
25. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Atmospheric Circulation
% of Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gases
Permafrost
26. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Agricultural Drought
Shortwave Length
Questions to think about
27. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Depth v Surface
Ice/snow
Altimetry
% of Greenhouse Gases
28. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Sunspots
Greenhouse Gases
Very small portion
29. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Methane
Methane
75-OC
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
30. How much is the planet really warming?
Mass Balance
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Motion
Very small portion
31. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Natural Causes of Warming
Atmospheric Composition?
Depth v Surface
Global warming and hot nights?
32. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Strong
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Types of Albedo
33. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Inversion Layer Summer
Thinner atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
34. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Normal condition for air
Inversion Layer Summer
Sea-Ice Albedo
Shortwave Length
35. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
Monthly maximums and minimums
Positive
Inversion Layer Summer
36. More common
How a closed talik forms
Ice in the Arctic
Ocean water
Inversion Layer Winter
37. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
More rain means no drought
Very small portion
Monthly maximums and minimums
Permafrost
38. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Cloud Feedbacks
Altimetry Cons
Increases - decreases
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
39. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Thermokarst Lake
Types of Albedo
Atmospheric Circulation
40. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
How talik forms under lakes
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Talik
Negative
41. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Climate Change in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst
42. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Why the Arctic climate is special
70%
How a closed talik forms
How we measure Mass Balance
43. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Ice Motion
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Infrared radiation
Mass Budget
44. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Normal condition for air
Thinner atmosphere
Greenhouse Gases
air can warm dramatically
45. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ozone Hole
Greenland
46. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Active Layer
Antarctica
Air pollution
How talik forms under lakes
47. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Warming; cooling
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
% of Greenhouse Gases
Inversion Layer (feedback)
48. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Reduction in sea-ice extent
reduction in sea-ice
Shortwave Length
49. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
50%
Inversion Layer Summer
Active Layer
50. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Radiative Forcing
doubles
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Contributions to CO2 from different activities