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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Hydrological Drought
Ozone Hole
winter
The cryosphere
2. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Negative
Radiative Flux
Where rise in OC is greatest
Surface Mass Balance
3. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Stronger
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Altimetry (height)
Positive feedbacks both found in...
4. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
How talik forms under lakes
1 m/yr; 10x
5. Melting Point decreases
Ice absorbs
Inversion Layer (feedback)
.75OC/km-1
Very small portion
6. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Questions to think about
US and precipitation
7%
All Greenhouse gases
7. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Thermokarst Lake
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice Cap
Sunspots
8. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
All Greenhouse gases
Atmospheric Composition
Mass Balance
Affect Floods and Droughts
9. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Accumulation
Ice loss
10. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
In the troposphere that we live in.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
IPCC
11. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Once every 4 years.
Closed talik
12. How often does El Nio occur?
Normal condition for air
Once every 4 years.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
13. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Strong
Black Carbon
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Positive
14. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Questions to think about
Wetter; drier
Climate Change in the Arctic
45%
15. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Agricultural Drought
Monthly maximums and minimums
Wetter; drier
16. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Energy Budget
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Atmospheric Composition?
17. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Dry
Atmospheric Composition?
Mass Change
Normal condition for air
18. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Ice-Albedo
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Positive
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
19. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Absolute thresholds
Altimetry Cons
Calving
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
20. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Antarctica
1 m/yr; 10x
Frozen Soil
20%
21. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
Inversion Layer Winter
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Talik
22. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
All Greenhouse gases
Earth's tilt
Stronger
Reduction in sea-ice extent
23. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Heat wave
Meteorological Drought
Thermokarst
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
24. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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25. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice Motion
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Global warming and hot nights?
26. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Permafrost
What effects the density
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Grounding Lines
27. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice/snow
Permafrost
Ocean water
28. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Natural Causes of Warming
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice Discharge
Grounding Lines
29. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
Ice/snow
Increases - decreases
Antarctica
30. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Rainy
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Arctic Atmosphere
31. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Through talik
Severe coastal erosion
Air pollution
Dry
32. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Atmospheric Circulation
In the troposphere that we live in.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
33. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Global warming and hot nights?
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How we measure Mass Balance
How a closed talik forms
34. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Severe coastal erosion
25%
air can warm dramatically
35. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Accumulation
Surface Mass Balance
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
36. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Thinner atmosphere
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice Shelf
Time Variable Gravity
37. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Radiative Forcing
Ozone
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Where rise in OC is greatest
38. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Thermokarst Lake
Open talik
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
El Nino
39. How much is the planet really warming?
Sea-Ice Albedo
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Cap
Atmospheric Structure
40. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
20%
Discontinuous
Air pollution
Ice Sheets
41. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
% of Greenhouse Gases
Radiative Flux
Today melting ice
Methane
42. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Albedo
Antarctica
7%
Climate Change in the Arctic
43. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Ice in the Arctic
Permafrost Degradation
Thermokarst
44. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
What effects the density
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Shelf
45. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
75-OC
Altimetry (height)
Ozone
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
46. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
How to define a heatwave
Ice Shelf
Ocean water
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
47. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Shortwave Length
reduction in sea-ice
Meteorological Drought
Wetter; drier
48. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Permafrost Degradation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Closed talik
Antarctica
49. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Warming; cooling
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
50%
50. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Stronger
Very small portion
In the stratosphere.
Sea Ice