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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Earth's tilt
Ice Discharge
Antarctica
Ocean water
2. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
All Greenhouse gases
30%
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
3. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Discontinuous
Questions to think about
La Nia
Ocean water
4. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
More rain means no drought
Ice shelf
5. 85%
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice Sheets
Accumulation
Sea-Ice Albedo
6. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
.7O Celsius over the past century.
20%
50%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
7. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Questions to think about
Threshold departures
Ice loss
Warm
8. Where does the ozone protect us?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Increases - decreases
In the stratosphere.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
9. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
1 m/yr; 10x
Sublimation
Meteorological Drought
Arctic Atmosphere
10. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Heat wave
Ozone
11. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Stronger
Permafrost
12. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Longwave Radiation
Ice in the Arctic
Shortwave Length
Energy Budget
13. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Greenland
Normal condition for air
Sunspots
What happens with the Ozone Hole
14. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Frozen Soil
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
summer
15. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
45%
Ice Discharge
Methane
16. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
The cryosphere
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermokarst Lake
17. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Open talik
Percentile departures
1 m/yr; 10x
Inversion Layer Winter
18. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Sublimation
How to define a heatwave
US and precipitation
Heat Source and Pressure
19. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Through talik
Grounding Lines
Time Variable Gravity
20. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ice absorbs
Atmospheric Composition?
Normal condition for air
21. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Thermokarst
Permafrost Degradation
Increases - decreases
22. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Meteorological Drought
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Threshold departures
El Nino
23. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Mass Change
Shortwave Length
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
IPCC
24. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Warm
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Active Layer
25. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Atmospheric Structure
.75OC/km-1
20%
26. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
Dry
In the troposphere that we live in.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
27. Total absorbed solar radiation
air can warm dramatically
Natural Causes of Warming
70%
In the stratosphere.
28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Grounding Lines
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
How to define a heatwave
29. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Why the Arctic climate is special
La Nia
Ocean water
Thermokarst
30. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Ozone Hole
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Sea Ice
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
31. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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32. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Types of Albedo
Very small portion
Layers of Earth
Ice Cap
33. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
The Ozone Hole
Greenland
Dynamic thinning
34. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
Ice shelf
Indirect heat wave effect
Positive
35. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Albedo
Ice Motion
30%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
36. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ozone Hole
Positive feedbacks both found in...
37. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Surface Mass Balance
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Warm
38. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Ice loss
US and precipitation
Energy Budget
39. More common
Inversion Layer Winter
Grounding Lines
Ice Sheets
Ocean water
40. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Permafrost
Thinner atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
Active Layer
41. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Infrared radiation
Ice/snow
Altimetry Pros
Questions to think about
42. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Grounding Lines
US and precipitation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Where rise in OC is greatest
43. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Sunspots
44. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Altimetry Pros
20%
45. Ocean retains ____ CO2
reduction in sea-ice
Thermokarst Lake
25%
Heat wave
46. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Permafrost Degradation
Altimetry Cons
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ocean water
47. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ocean water
Ozone Hole
Carbon Dioxide
Albedo
48. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Infrared radiation
Absolute thresholds
Methane
Reduction in sea-ice extent
49. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Melt
Archimedes' Principle
Thinner atmosphere
Cloud Feedbacks
50. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
More rain means no drought
GHG
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Closed talik