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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
GHG
Thermohaline Circulation
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Warming; cooling
2. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Global warming and hot nights?
Infrared radiation
Ice-Ocean Interactions
3. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Indirect heat wave effect
50%
Talik
Surface Mass Balance
4. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
In the troposphere that we live in.
5. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Ice Sheets
Air pollution
Atmospheric Circulation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
6. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Heat wave
1 m/yr; 10x
Radiative Flux
7. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
reduction in sea-ice
.75OC/km-1
Sea Ice
Stronger
8. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
In the stratosphere.
Strong
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice Shelf
9. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Natural Causes of Warming
Normal condition for air
Inversion Layer (feedback)
10. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Troposphere
Heat wave
All Greenhouse gases
11. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Methane
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Permafrost
Mass Balance
12. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ice Motion
Heat wave
13. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Ice Shelf
75-OC
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Layers of Earth
14. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Depth v Surface
Altimetry Cons
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Carbon Dioxide
15. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Methane
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
7%
All Greenhouse gases
16. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Antarctica
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Inversion Layer Summer
17. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Ice loss
Ozone Hole
Shortwave Length
Sea Ice
18. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Dynamic thinning
Radiative Forcing
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
19. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Greenland
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Troposphere
20. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Ice Cap
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Atmospheric Circulation
21. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Importance of ice sheets
Sunspots
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Questions to think about
22. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
30%
Arctic Atmosphere
Time Variable Gravity
Inversion Layer Summer
23. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
All Greenhouse gases
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
24. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
Types of Albedo
Ice shelf
Today melting ice
25. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Discharge
Permafrost Degradation
Methane
26. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Warm
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ocean water
27. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Time Variable Gravity
Global warming and hot nights?
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
28. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ozone Hole
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermokarst Lake
In the troposphere that we live in.
29. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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30. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Indirect heat wave effect
Climate Change in the Arctic
What happens with the Ozone Hole
.7O Celsius over the past century.
31. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Thermokarst
Mass Change
30%
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
32. More common
Air pollution
Inversion Layer Winter
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
33. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Radiative Flux
34. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ocean water
35. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Energy Budget
Depth v Surface
Severe coastal erosion
36. Total absorbed solar radiation
El Nino
70%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Wetter; drier
37. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Ice in the Arctic
Rainy
38. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Troposphere
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Permafrost
39. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Dynamic thinning
Accumulation
Rainy
40. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Thermokarst
% of Greenhouse Gases
Atmospheric Composition?
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
41. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Surface Mass Balance
What effects the density
42. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Heat Source and Pressure
Ocean water
Severe coastal erosion
Calving
43. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Questions to think about
Ice in the Arctic
44. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Mass Change
Heat Source and Pressure
Heat wave
Where rise in OC is greatest
45. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
reduction in sea-ice
What effects the density
Altimetry Pros
Thermohaline Circulatoin
46. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Sunspots
Carbon Dioxide
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Altimetry (height)
47. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Accumulation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Thermohaline Circulation
48. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Permafrost
45%
Surface Mass Balance
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
49. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Hydrological Drought
Discontinuous
Global warming and hot nights?
Severe coastal erosion
50. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Increases - decreases
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Permafrost