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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
IPCC
Atmospheric Composition?
Inversion Layer (feedback)
2. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Radiative Flux
air can warm dramatically
Agricultural Drought
Increases - decreases
3. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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4. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
summer
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Albedo
In the troposphere that we live in.
5. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Heat Source and Pressure
Cloud Feedbacks
6. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Discontinuous
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
7. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Carbon Dioxide
Types of Albedo
Ice absorbs
Discontinuous
8. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ozone Hole
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Once every 4 years.
9. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Sublimation
Indirect heat wave effect
Infrared radiation
10. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulatoin
IPCC
Surface Mass Balance
11. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Thermokarst Lake
Affect Floods and Droughts
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ozone Hole
12. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Wetter; drier
Ozone Hole
Ice absorbs
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
13. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
How we measure Mass Balance
La Nia
Ice in the Arctic
14. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Warming; cooling
Normal condition for air
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
15. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Permafrost
16. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
30%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
All Greenhouse gases
17. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Dry
Thermokarst
Melt
Shortwave Length
18. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Earth's tilt
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ozone
Ozone Hole
19. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
What effects the density
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Closed talik
Atmospheric Composition?
20. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Accumulation
Dry
Troposphere
Shortwave Length
21. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Stronger
Thermohaline Circulation
Wetter; drier
Atmospheric Circulation
22. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
20%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Sublimation
23. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Meteorological Drought
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Altimetry (height)
24. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Layers of Earth
Permafrost
Active Layer
Warming; cooling
25. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Questions to think about
Earth's tilt
Surface Mass Balance
26. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thinner atmosphere
winter
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Thermokarst
27. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Greenhouse Gases
Mass Change
Active Layer
Grounding Lines
28. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Thermohaline Circulation
The cryosphere
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Permafrost
29. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Shortwave Length
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Positive feedbacks both found in...
30. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Absolute thresholds
Ice Motion
Global warming and hot nights?
Thermohaline Circulatoin
31. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
30%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Heat Source and Pressure
32. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Thinner atmosphere
Calving
In the troposphere that we live in.
33. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Accumulation
Talik
Altimetry Pros
70%
34. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Hydrological Drought
Sublimation
Ozone Hole
Calving
35. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Importance of ice sheets
7%
36. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Positive
30%
Mass Balance
Radiative Forcing
37. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Percentile departures
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Once every 4 years.
38. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
.75OC/km-1
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Grounding v Surface Melting
39. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Thermokarst
Accumulation
Closed talik
Ice in the Arctic
40. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Open talik
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Rainy
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
41. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Active Layer
Methane
Thermohaline Circulatoin
42. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Ice in the Arctic
Troposphere
43. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Ice Discharge
70%
Percentile departures
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
44. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Air pollution
Albedo
IPCC
Percentile departures
45. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Discontinuous
Permafrost Degradation
Importance of ice sheets
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
46. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Global warming and hot nights?
Warm
Once every 4 years.
Ice/snow
47. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Atmospheric Structure
Ocean water
Permafrost
Normal condition for air
48. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
In the troposphere that we live in.
Black Carbon
Normal condition for air
Thermohaline Circulation
49. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Today melting ice
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
50. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Earth's tilt
Through talik
summer
Rainy