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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ocean water
Where rise in OC is greatest
2. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Mass Change
summer
Closed talik
Ocean water
3. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Types of Albedo
More rain means no drought
.75OC/km-1
4. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Infrared radiation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atmospheric Composition?
5. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Sunspots
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Shelf
How a closed talik forms
6. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Archimedes' Principle
Ozone Hole
doubles
Calving
7. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Earth's tilt
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Methane
Dry
8. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Grounding Lines
75-OC
Calving
Threshold departures
9. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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10. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
How talik forms under lakes
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Heat wave
Absolute thresholds
11. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Infrared radiation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Greenland
Altimetry Cons
12. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
How talik forms under lakes
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Sunspots
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
13. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice-Albedo
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Sublimation
14. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Ice shelf
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Threshold departures
Ice loss
15. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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16. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Discharge
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Normal condition for air
17. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Longwave Radiation
Altimetry Cons
30%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
18. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Atmospheric Structure
Through talik
30%
.75OC/km-1
19. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How talik forms under lakes
Absolute thresholds
20. How often does El Nio occur?
30%
Once every 4 years.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Today melting ice
21. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Atmospheric Composition
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermohaline Circulation
22. Melting Point decreases
Atmospheric Structure
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
.75OC/km-1
doubles
23. How much is the planet really warming?
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
30%
.7O Celsius over the past century.
24. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Energy Budget
Greenland
Today melting ice
All Greenhouse gases
25. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Grounding v Surface Melting
Ozone Hole
Time Variable Gravity
26. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Earth's tilt
Heat Source and Pressure
reduction in sea-ice
Radiative Flux
27. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Rainy
Cloud Feedbacks
Heat Source and Pressure
Percentile departures
28. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Meteorological Drought
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
1 m/yr; 10x
Thermohaline Circulatoin
29. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Questions to think about
Importance of ice sheets
Discontinuous
30. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Closed talik
Atmospheric Structure
Black Carbon
31. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Melt
Air pollution
Ocean water
1 m/yr; 10x
32. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
Altimetry Cons
Ice loss
Grounding Lines
33. 85%
Permafrost Degradation
Grounding v Surface Melting
Sea-Ice Albedo
The Ozone Hole
34. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
How we measure Mass Balance
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Altimetry Pros
doubles
35. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Thermokarst
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Shortwave Length
Heat wave
36. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Ice Discharge
Closed talik
Strong
37. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Ocean water
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Strong
50%
38. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Layers of Earth
El Nino
Black Carbon
Mass Change
39. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
How we measure Mass Balance
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Black Carbon
Ice-Ocean Interactions
40. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
IPCC
How talik forms under lakes
Warming; cooling
Layers of Earth
41. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Rainy
Troposphere
Ice in the Arctic
Energy Budget
42. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Sea Ice
Ice Sheets
Monthly maximums and minimums
Climate Change in the Arctic
43. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice loss
Ice in the Arctic
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice shelf
44. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Antarctica
Monthly maximums and minimums
Energy Budget
The Ozone Hole
45. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Atmospheric Circulation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Heat wave
Black Carbon
46. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice absorbs
summer
47. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Dynamic thinning
Warming; cooling
Altimetry Cons
All Greenhouse gases
48. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
doubles
Ice in the Arctic
Ice Discharge
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
49. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Agricultural Drought
Altimetry Cons
50. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
More rain means no drought
Natural Causes of Warming
70%
Ice Sheets