Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.






2. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






3. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






4. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2






5. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.






6. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






7. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.






8. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






9. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






10. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or






11. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.






12. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.






13. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






14. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






15. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






16. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






17. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






18. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






19. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!






20. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






21. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.






22. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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23. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct






24. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet






25. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






26. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






27. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






28. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






29. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth






30. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






31. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






32. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.






33. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.






34. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






35. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






36. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






37. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






38. 85%






39. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?






40. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






41. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






42. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.






43. More common






44. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






45. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)






46. Total absorbed solar radiation






47. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






48. High vs low






49. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.






50. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water