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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Greenland
25%
Ice shelf
2. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Negative
Calving
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
3. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Questions to think about
Shortwave Length
Frozen Soil
Heat wave
4. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Percentile departures
Ice in the Arctic
US and precipitation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
5. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Atmospheric Composition
Calving
Radiative Flux
6. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Warm
Meteorological Drought
Closed talik
.7O Celsius over the past century.
7. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Cloud Feedbacks
Heat wave
.7O Celsius over the past century.
8. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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9. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
How talik forms under lakes
Monthly maximums and minimums
Greenhouse Gases
IPCC
10. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Altimetry (height)
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Very small portion
11. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
All Greenhouse gases
Dry
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Motion
12. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
25%
Warm
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Grounding v Surface Melting
13. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
The cryosphere
US and precipitation
Greenland
75-OC
14. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Dry
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
25%
Altimetry
15. Measures input and output.
Ice-Albedo
El Nino
Mass Budget
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
16. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Increases - decreases
Depth v Surface
Radiative Flux
17. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Global warming and hot nights?
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ozone
Mass Balance
18. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Permafrost Degradation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Surface Mass Balance
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
19. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Greenhouse Gases
La Nia
Thinner atmosphere
Types of Albedo
20. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ice Sheets
More rain means no drought
Atmospheric Structure
21. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
22. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice absorbs
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Permafrost
23. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Heat Source and Pressure
Altimetry Pros
doubles
Accumulation
24. High vs low
20%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Cloud Feedbacks
Increases - decreases
25. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice Shelf
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
26. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
The Ozone Hole
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Surface Mass Balance
27. Where does the ozone protect us?
Accumulation
Natural Causes of Warming
70%
In the stratosphere.
28. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atmospheric Structure
Rainy
29. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Circulation
30. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Greenhouse Gases
Permafrost Degradation
How we measure Mass Balance
31. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Negative
US and precipitation
Active Layer
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
32. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Threshold departures
IPCC
33. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Black Carbon
Indirect heat wave effect
Dry
.75OC/km-1
34. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Thermokarst
30%
Agricultural Drought
Carbon Dioxide
35. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice loss
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
36. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
GHG
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Atmospheric Structure
37. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
reduction in sea-ice
Global warming and hot nights?
Absolute thresholds
In the stratosphere.
38. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice loss
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice Sheets
39. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Altimetry Pros
Natural Causes of Warming
Meteorological Drought
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
40. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
US and precipitation
Sea Ice
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
41. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Longwave Radiation
Antarctica
.7O Celsius over the past century.
42. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Ice in the Arctic
Sunspots
Importance of ice sheets
Ice shelf
43. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Ice Sheets
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Hydrological Drought
44. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Monthly maximums and minimums
Infrared radiation
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Meteorological Drought
45. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Archimedes' Principle
Ozone
Indirect heat wave effect
What happens with the Ozone Hole
46. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Thermohaline Circulation
Percentile departures
Ice shelf
Surface Mass Balance
47. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Negative
Methane
Ice/snow
Inversion Layer Winter
48. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
The Ozone Hole
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
49. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Warm
Severe coastal erosion
Ice Motion
Normal condition for air
50. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Agricultural Drought
Open talik
Altimetry Pros
Sunspots