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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 85%
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Sea-Ice Albedo
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
2. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
.75OC/km-1
Ocean water
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
% of Greenhouse Gases
3. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Closed talik
Radiative Flux
La Nia
4. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Sea Ice
Surface Mass Balance
Thermokarst Lake
Affect Floods and Droughts
5. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Meteorological Drought
Wetter; drier
Grounding v Surface Melting
Today melting ice
6. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
La Nia
Very small portion
Indirect heat wave effect
7. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
45%
Warming; cooling
What happens with the Ozone Hole
8. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
20%
Greenhouse Gases
Discontinuous
Altimetry Cons
9. Less frequent and weaker
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer Summer
10. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Ice Motion
Black Carbon
Ice Cap
11. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ocean water
El Nino
12. High vs low
Cloud Feedbacks
Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone Hole
Permafrost
13. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Hydrological Drought
Increases - decreases
Ocean water
Ice Cap
14. Total absorbed solar radiation
Ice shelf
Ice/snow
70%
Natural Causes of Warming
15. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Ice absorbs
Natural Causes of Warming
Permafrost Degradation
Depth v Surface
16. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Stronger
Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Composition
Thinner atmosphere
17. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
20%
Types of Albedo
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Absolute thresholds
18. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Surface Mass Balance
Sunspots
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Longwave Radiation
19. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ocean water
Troposphere
Greenland
Ice/snow
20. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Threshold departures
Mass Change
More rain means no drought
Troposphere
21. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Dry
7%
winter
22. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Once every 4 years.
Calving
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
23. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Mass Change
US and precipitation
Why the Arctic climate is special
Threshold departures
24. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Ozone
Meteorological Drought
Ice Sheets
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
25. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thermohaline Circulation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
How a closed talik forms
26. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ozone
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
27. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Rainy
Warming; cooling
Normal condition for air
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
28. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
70%
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ice shelf
29. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Thinner atmosphere
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Atmospheric Circulation
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
30. The Earth emits this.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Strong
Longwave Radiation
Ice Sheets
31. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
summer
Ice-Albedo
How talik forms under lakes
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
32. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Atmospheric Circulation
Mass Budget
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Grounding Lines
33. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Stronger
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice Cap
34. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermokarst
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Air pollution
35. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Open talik
In the troposphere that we live in.
7%
Talik
36. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
El Nino
Percentile departures
What happens with the Ozone Hole
37. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Mass Budget
Questions to think about
Methane
Wetter; drier
38. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Strong
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Why the Arctic climate is special
Cloud Feedbacks
39. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
30%
45%
25%
40. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
US and precipitation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Surface Mass Balance
41. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Earth's tilt
Thermokarst
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ozone
42. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice/snow
Questions to think about
Surface Mass Balance
43. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Arctic Atmosphere
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Layers of Earth
IPCC
44. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
Active Layer
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Inversion Layer (feedback)
45. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Ice/snow
Heat wave
Surface Mass Balance
Radiative Flux
46. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Affect Floods and Droughts
Global warming and hot nights?
winter
47. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Atmospheric Structure
Grounding Lines
Altimetry Pros
Ice shelf
48. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Ice shelf
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
All Greenhouse gases
49. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
75-OC
Ice Cap
Archimedes' Principle
50. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Why the Arctic climate is special
Atmospheric Composition
What happens with the Ozone Hole