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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Once every 4 years.
Thermokarst
Closed talik
Greenland
2. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Sublimation
Closed talik
Air pollution
Ozone Hole
3. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Hydrological Drought
Mass Budget
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
4. High vs low
Thinner atmosphere
Grounding Lines
Cloud Feedbacks
Grounding v Surface Melting
5. Total absorbed solar radiation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
70%
6. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Shortwave Length
How a closed talik forms
Atmospheric Structure
7. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Thermokarst Lake
Depth v Surface
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Atmospheric Composition
8. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Sublimation
Ozone
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Arctic Atmosphere
9. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Sea-Ice Albedo
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice loss
10. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Layers of Earth
La Nia
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
11. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
doubles
reduction in sea-ice
Inversion Layer Summer
12. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Ice-Albedo
Hydrological Drought
reduction in sea-ice
Sea-Ice Albedo
13. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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14. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Heat wave
Closed talik
Atmospheric Composition?
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
15. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Atmospheric Circulation
Why the Arctic climate is special
Very small portion
16. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Today melting ice
Affect Floods and Droughts
Meteorological Drought
17. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ocean water
How talik forms under lakes
Atmospheric Composition?
18. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Rainy
Ice Sheets
Warm
Precipitation and High Latitudes
19. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Archimedes' Principle
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry
Depth v Surface
20. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Stronger
Ice Sheets
Natural Causes of Warming
La Nia
21. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Threshold departures
Inversion Layer (feedback)
In the stratosphere.
Accumulation
22. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Severe coastal erosion
Antarctica
Wetter; drier
23. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Atmospheric Circulation
Active Layer
30%
Ice shelf
24. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Earth's tilt
Altimetry Cons
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Permafrost
25. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ocean water
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Infrared radiation
Ice shelf
26. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Cloud Feedbacks
Melt
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
27. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Infrared radiation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
All Greenhouse gases
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
28. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Talik
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Archimedes' Principle
Meteorological Drought
29. 240 w/m squared
Cloud Feedbacks
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
IPCC
Monthly maximums and minimums
30. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
How talik forms under lakes
Inversion Layer Summer
Thermohaline Circulation
31. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Antarctica
Affect Floods and Droughts
Global warming and hot nights?
Infrared radiation
32. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
1 m/yr; 10x
Ice Sheets
Longwave Radiation
Strong
33. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
.75OC/km-1
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ocean water
34. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Atmospheric Composition
Surface Mass Balance
Absolute thresholds
35. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
45%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Precipitation and High Latitudes
36. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Thermokarst Lake
More rain means no drought
Climate Change in the Arctic
.7O Celsius over the past century.
37. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Global warming and hot nights?
Percentile departures
Permafrost
Archimedes' Principle
38. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Talik
Ocean water
Monthly maximums and minimums
39. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Active Layer
Normal condition for air
More rain means no drought
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
40. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
El Nio is in the coasts of...
air can warm dramatically
Ice-Ocean Interactions
41. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Agricultural Drought
Stronger
Reduction in sea-ice extent
42. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Altimetry (height)
Radiative Forcing
Precipitation and High Latitudes
How a closed talik forms
43. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Grounding Lines
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
44. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Open talik
Warming; cooling
Radiative Forcing
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
45. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
More rain means no drought
Thermokarst
Indirect heat wave effect
46. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Methane
Earth's tilt
Thermohaline Circulatoin
47. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
reduction in sea-ice
Air pollution
Where rise in OC is greatest
48. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Mass Balance
Where rise in OC is greatest
What effects the density
49. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Warm
Threshold departures
Absolute thresholds
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
50. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Dry
Frozen Soil
Thermohaline Circulation
Hydrological Drought