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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Warming; cooling
Archimedes' Principle
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
1 m/yr; 10x
2. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
summer
Surface Mass Balance
Permafrost
30%
3. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Ice Sheets
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sea-Ice Albedo
In the troposphere that we live in.
4. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
30%
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Thermohaline Circulation
5. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Altimetry Cons
reduction in sea-ice
Inversion Layer Winter
6. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
30%
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
45%
Warming; cooling
7. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Mass Change
Earth's tilt
50%
8. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
50%
Today melting ice
air can warm dramatically
9. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Radiative Flux
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Sea Ice
10. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ice loss
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Stronger
Thermokarst Lake
11. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
12. Total absorbed solar radiation
Ice-Albedo
Dynamic thinning
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
70%
13. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Heat wave
Strong
Greenland
14. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Black Carbon
Through talik
15. Melting Point decreases
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Atmospheric Composition?
.75OC/km-1
Indirect heat wave effect
16. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
Inversion Layer Winter
Time Variable Gravity
Threshold departures
17. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Ice absorbs
Warm
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
In the troposphere that we live in.
18. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Ice Sheets
Carbon Dioxide
Earth's tilt
Atmospheric Structure
19. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Hydrological Drought
Surface Mass Balance
More rain means no drought
20. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Time Variable Gravity
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Inversion Layer Summer
Today melting ice
21. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
25%
reduction in sea-ice
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Longwave Radiation
22. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
30%
Rainy
Albedo
Active Layer
23. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Grounding Lines
Ozone Hole
Positive
24. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
How to define a heatwave
Accumulation
Earth's tilt
Longwave Radiation
25. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Shortwave Length
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Positive
26. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Monthly maximums and minimums
Closed talik
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
27. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
IPCC
28. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Altimetry (height)
winter
Ice absorbs
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
29. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Stronger
Ice in the Arctic
Global warming and hot nights?
30. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Sea-Ice Albedo
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
31. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
7%
Indirect heat wave effect
Atmospheric Composition?
Thermokarst Lake
32. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Positive
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
75-OC
33. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Sunspots
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Affect Floods and Droughts
Increases - decreases
34. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Sublimation
Ice Sheets
Warm
35. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ozone Hole
Ice loss
Dynamic thinning
Reduction in sea-ice extent
36. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
reduction in sea-ice
25%
Archimedes' Principle
37. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Through talik
Atmospheric Composition
Ice Sheets
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
38. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Radiative Flux
Types of Albedo
Through talik
39. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ice Sheets
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Global warming and hot nights?
Thermokarst Lake
40. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
30%
Methane
41. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Active Layer
Radiative Flux
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
42. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Altimetry
Thermohaline Circulation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice Sheets
43. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Air pollution
Archimedes' Principle
44. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Sunspots
Closed talik
Indirect heat wave effect
45. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
IPCC
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Talik
46. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Ice Shelf
Atmospheric Circulation
Thinner atmosphere
25%
47. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Albedo
Climate Change in the Arctic
Greenhouse Gases
Where rise in OC is greatest
48. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Indirect heat wave effect
Climate Change in the Arctic
Warming; cooling
The Ozone Hole
49. More common
The Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Inversion Layer Winter
Ice in the Arctic
50. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Agricultural Drought
Calving
Methane