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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Greenland
Through talik
Ozone
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
2. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice Shelf
Increases - decreases
The Ozone Hole
3. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Ice Cap
air can warm dramatically
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
winter
4. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Ocean water
Atmospheric Structure
30%
Grounding v Surface Melting
5. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
7%
Ocean water
Troposphere
6. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Very small portion
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Global warming and hot nights?
.75OC/km-1
7. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Sea Ice
winter
Antarctica
75-OC
8. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Atmospheric Composition?
air can warm dramatically
50%
9. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Today melting ice
Antarctica
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Grounding Lines
10. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Inversion Layer Winter
Ice Shelf
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Global warming and hot nights?
11. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Meteorological Drought
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Methane
Energy Budget
12. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Active Layer
Methane
How to define a heatwave
Longwave Radiation
13. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation
14. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
How to define a heatwave
Calving
Accumulation
Mass Budget
15. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
The Ozone Hole
1 m/yr; 10x
Altimetry Cons
Natural Causes of Warming
16. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Archimedes' Principle
What effects the density
17. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
What effects the density
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Frozen Soil
18. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Percentile departures
Sublimation
Wetter; drier
How talik forms under lakes
19. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Ozone
Radiative Flux
The Ozone Hole
Rainy
20. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Albedo
Radiative Forcing
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Wetter; drier
21. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
More rain means no drought
Severe coastal erosion
Closed talik
22. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Longwave Radiation
Climate Change in the Arctic
.7O Celsius over the past century.
23. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Through talik
How talik forms under lakes
More rain means no drought
summer
24. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
US and precipitation
Surface Mass Balance
Inversion Layer Winter
25. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Sea Ice
Grounding Lines
Antarctica
26. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Grounding Lines
Ozone Hole
Ice Sheets
27. The amount of light reflected by an object.
50%
Altimetry Cons
The Ozone Hole
Albedo
28. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Positive feedbacks both found in...
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Composition
29. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
30%
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
La Nia
More rain means no drought
30. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Melt
.75OC/km-1
Why the Arctic climate is special
31. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Discontinuous
Grounding Lines
Inversion Layer Summer
Altimetry (height)
32. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
25%
Mass Change
Active Layer
Ozone Hole
33. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Radiative Forcing
Permafrost
Heat wave
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
34. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Absolute thresholds
75-OC
In the troposphere that we live in.
35. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Mass Budget
Ice Motion
La Nia
Permafrost
36. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Ice Sheets
winter
30%
37. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ice in the Arctic
Cloud Feedbacks
Rainy
Reduction in sea-ice extent
38. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Ozone Hole
Warm
1 m/yr; 10x
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
39. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
In the stratosphere.
Ice Sheets
Cloud Feedbacks
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
40. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Sea-Ice Albedo
doubles
Calving
Thermohaline Circulation
41. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Affect Floods and Droughts
Albedo
Thermokarst Lake
42. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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183
43. 240 w/m squared
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Surface Mass Balance
doubles
44. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
La Nia
Questions to think about
Hydrological Drought
Thermohaline Circulation
45. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Albedo
Altimetry
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
US and precipitation
46. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Surface Mass Balance
El Nino
Radiative Forcing
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
47. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Radiative Flux
Energy Budget
75-OC
Thinner atmosphere
48. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Active Layer
Ice Discharge
Ice Motion
Ozone
49. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Shortwave Length
30%
Energy Budget
El Nio is in the coasts of...
50. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Sublimation
Carbon Dioxide
Ice loss
Severe coastal erosion