Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






2. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets






3. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






4. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.






5. High vs low






6. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer






7. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.






8. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?






9. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.






10. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






11. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -






12. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:






13. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






14. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






15. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.






16. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.






17. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.






18. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere






19. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






20. Less frequent and weaker






21. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.






22. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.






23. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






24. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






25. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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26. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%






27. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.






28. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc






29. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






30. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






31. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






32. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.






33. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






34. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv






35. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






36. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.






37. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates






38. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






39. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century






40. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






41. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'






42. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____






43. Melting Point decreases






44. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






45. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t






46. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.






47. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






48. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?






49. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






50. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.