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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Altimetry Cons
Threshold departures
Permafrost Degradation
2. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Positive feedbacks both found in...
25%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
How talik forms under lakes
3. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Ice Cap
Warming; cooling
Dynamic thinning
Normal condition for air
4. Measures input and output.
Severe coastal erosion
Mass Budget
Ice Sheets
Warming; cooling
5. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
Ozone
Shortwave Length
.7O Celsius over the past century.
6. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
summer
Wetter; drier
7. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
50%
Carbon Dioxide
Ice-Albedo
8. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Active Layer
Hydrological Drought
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
IPCC
9. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Troposphere
How we measure Mass Balance
Grounding v Surface Melting
10. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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11. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Increases - decreases
Indirect heat wave effect
Black Carbon
12. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Antarctica
In the stratosphere.
20%
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
13. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Today melting ice
Permafrost
Ice Motion
IPCC
14. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
20%
Atmospheric Circulation
Ice Motion
Thinner atmosphere
15. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Meteorological Drought
Longwave Radiation
Once every 4 years.
Carbon Dioxide
16. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Importance of ice sheets
Accumulation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
17. Total absorbed solar radiation
30%
Inversion Layer Winter
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
70%
18. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Inversion Layer Summer
GHG
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Precipitation and High Latitudes
19. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice absorbs
20. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Permafrost
Altimetry (height)
21. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Sea Ice
Ice in the Arctic
Inversion Layer (feedback)
22. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
How talik forms under lakes
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Sea-Ice Albedo
20%
23. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Warm
Questions to think about
Antarctica
24. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Cloud Feedbacks
Strong
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Altimetry Cons
25. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Ice absorbs
Closed talik
26. 240 w/m squared
% of Greenhouse Gases
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Discharge
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
27. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Methane
Sublimation
Rainy
Stronger
28. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Permafrost
Active Layer
The cryosphere
29. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Antarctica
Grounding Lines
Today melting ice
30. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice-Albedo
Ice Shelf
Radiative Flux
How we measure Mass Balance
31. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Agricultural Drought
Thermohaline Circulatoin
La Nia
32. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Negative
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Why the Arctic climate is special
Albedo
33. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Permafrost
Why the Arctic climate is special
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Hydrological Drought
34. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Thermohaline Circulation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
In the stratosphere.
Antarctica
35. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Grounding Lines
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
36. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Closed talik
Antarctica
Air pollution
air can warm dramatically
37. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
In the troposphere that we live in.
Mass Change
Sea Ice
Heat wave
38. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Negative
Thinner atmosphere
In the troposphere that we live in.
Discontinuous
39. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Monthly maximums and minimums
How talik forms under lakes
Rainy
Ozone Hole
40. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Black Carbon
The cryosphere
La Nia
41. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Layers of Earth
Warming; cooling
Permafrost
Infrared radiation
42. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
20%
Time Variable Gravity
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Altimetry
43. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Very small portion
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Thermokarst Lake
Atmospheric Composition
44. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Severe coastal erosion
GHG
Atmospheric Composition
Where rise in OC is greatest
45. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Greenland
Calving
Global warming and hot nights?
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
46. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ozone Hole
47. Carbon dioxide - Methane - Ozone - Water Vapor - Few others - Most ___________________ are mixed in the troposphere (Except water vapor) - Water vapor is concentrated closer to the ground.
Calving
reduction in sea-ice
Rainy
Greenhouse Gases
48. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulation
Talik
49. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
45%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Troposphere
Altimetry Cons
50. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Ocean water
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Air pollution