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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Importance of ice sheets
Altimetry Cons
air can warm dramatically
2. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
reduction in sea-ice
Natural Causes of Warming
Indirect heat wave effect
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
3. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Radiative Forcing
Cloud Feedbacks
US and precipitation
4. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Inversion Layer Summer
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Affect Floods and Droughts
What effects the density
5. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Permafrost
Increases - decreases
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
summer
6. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
air can warm dramatically
Global warming and hot nights?
doubles
Negative
7. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Thermokarst Lake
Sunspots
Thermohaline Circulation
Meteorological Drought
8. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Once every 4 years.
Troposphere
Reduction in sea-ice extent
9. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Time Variable Gravity
Dry
Meteorological Drought
Thermohaline Circulation
10. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Grounding Lines
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Altimetry Cons
11. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Inversion Layer Summer
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Affect Floods and Droughts
12. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Antarctica
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Climate Change in the Arctic
Hydrological Drought
13. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Ozone Hole
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Agricultural Drought
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
14. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Radiative Flux
How a closed talik forms
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
How we measure Mass Balance
15. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Atmospheric Composition
16. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Active Layer
reduction in sea-ice
17. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Permafrost
Global warming and hot nights?
Ozone Hole
18. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Once every 4 years.
La Nia
US and precipitation
19. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
air can warm dramatically
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
In the stratosphere.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
20. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Thermokarst
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Permafrost Degradation
21. 85%
Importance of ice sheets
Altimetry Pros
Sea-Ice Albedo
Arctic Atmosphere
22. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
doubles
Energy Budget
Greenhouse Gases
Atmospheric Structure
23. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Active Layer
Ozone Hole
The Ozone Hole
24. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
summer
Ice absorbs
25. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Thermokarst Lake
Meteorological Drought
Ice-Albedo
Reduction in sea-ice extent
26. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Open talik
Closed talik
The Ozone Hole
Shortwave Length
27. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Warm
Permafrost
Ice-Albedo
28. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Archimedes' Principle
Very small portion
Ozone
Shortwave Length
29. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Global warming and hot nights?
Surface Mass Balance
In the stratosphere.
30. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Atmospheric Composition?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Warming; cooling
Ice loss
31. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Mass Balance
Active Layer
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
32. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Inversion Layer Winter
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Positive
Accumulation
33. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
summer
Types of Albedo
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Grounding v Surface Melting
34. 240 w/m squared
The Ozone Hole
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Energy Budget
Time Variable Gravity
35. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
How a closed talik forms
How to define a heatwave
air can warm dramatically
36. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
El Nino
Heat wave
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
37. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Active Layer
Percentile departures
More rain means no drought
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
38. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
doubles
.75OC/km-1
What effects the density
Hydrological Drought
39. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Carbon Dioxide
Importance of ice sheets
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
40. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Arctic Atmosphere
Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
41. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
More rain means no drought
Infrared radiation
Ice Cap
42. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Greenhouse Gases
El Nino
Ice Sheets
Global warming and hot nights?
43. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Why the Arctic climate is special
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Types of Albedo
1 m/yr; 10x
44. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Normal condition for air
Dynamic thinning
Affect Floods and Droughts
45. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Atmospheric Composition
7%
Methane
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
46. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
45%
Ice Cap
Arctic Atmosphere
Radiative Flux
47. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Rainy
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
48. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Ice Motion
7%
Why the Arctic climate is special
49. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Cap
US and precipitation
Ozone Hole
50. Total absorbed solar radiation
In the stratosphere.
70%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Cloud Feedbacks