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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Meteorological Drought
70%
Ozone
45%
2. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Mass Budget
Grounding Lines
30%
Infrared radiation
3. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Once every 4 years.
IPCC
Importance of ice sheets
Agricultural Drought
4. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Layers of Earth
Thermokarst
.75OC/km-1
Sunspots
5. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
20%
Strong
Thermohaline Circulation
Why the Arctic climate is special
6. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Antarctica
Through talik
Wetter; drier
Sunspots
7. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Ice Motion
Shortwave Length
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
8. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Ice-Albedo
Why the Arctic climate is special
Sublimation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
9. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Ozone Hole
Ozone Hole
Sea Ice
10. Less frequent and weaker
Antarctica
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice in the Arctic
Radiative Flux
11. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Sublimation
Surface Mass Balance
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Wetter; drier
12. High vs low
Greenhouse Gases
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Cloud Feedbacks
Thermohaline Circulatoin
13. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Ice loss
Sublimation
Wetter; drier
Dry
14. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Very small portion
Climate Change in the Arctic
15. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
16. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Ice shelf
70%
17. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Ozone Hole
Sea Ice
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Antarctica
18. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Global warming and hot nights?
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
19. 85%
US and precipitation
Sublimation
Sea-Ice Albedo
Atmospheric Circulation
20. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Altimetry (height)
The Ozone Hole
Greenland
Thermokarst Lake
21. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Severe coastal erosion
Altimetry
Mass Balance
22. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
La Nia
Ice Sheets
Threshold departures
23. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Ice Discharge
Thermohaline Circulation
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Sea Ice
24. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Troposphere
Where rise in OC is greatest
Questions to think about
Stronger
25. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Greenhouse Gases
reduction in sea-ice
20%
26. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Thermokarst
Precipitation and High Latitudes
27. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Troposphere
Antarctica
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
How talik forms under lakes
28. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Once every 4 years.
Active Layer
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ice absorbs
29. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Melt
Time Variable Gravity
Ice Cap
Precipitation and High Latitudes
30. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Inversion Layer Summer
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Sea-Ice Albedo
31. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Inversion Layer (feedback)
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Inversion Layer Summer
Ice in the Arctic
32. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Ice Sheets
Ice Sheets
Frozen Soil
Wetter; drier
33. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Negative
Ocean water
Grounding Lines
Active Layer
34. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Ice Motion
% of Greenhouse Gases
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Absolute thresholds
35. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
75-OC
Surface Mass Balance
36. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Structure
Atmospheric Composition
Time Variable Gravity
37. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Permafrost
Atmospheric Composition?
Once every 4 years.
Indirect heat wave effect
38. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Strong
doubles
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Heat Source and Pressure
39. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Inversion Layer Winter
Antarctica
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
40. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
air can warm dramatically
.7O Celsius over the past century.
41. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
All Greenhouse gases
Arctic Atmosphere
42. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Today melting ice
Albedo
Permafrost
Ice Sheets
43. Melting Point decreases
Inversion Layer Winter
Mass Budget
.75OC/km-1
Arctic Atmosphere
44. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Positive
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice Motion
45. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Grounding Lines
Dry
Frozen Soil
Ocean water
46. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Grounding v Surface Melting
Natural Causes of Warming
Radiative Forcing
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
47. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Climate Change in the Arctic
The Ozone Hole
20%
Altimetry (height)
48. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
1 m/yr; 10x
Warming; cooling
Absolute thresholds
49. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Sea-Ice Albedo
Permafrost
doubles
Time Variable Gravity
50. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Atmospheric Composition?
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Increases - decreases
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change