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Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. More common






2. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.






3. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.






4. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover






5. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






6. Where does the ozone protect us?






7. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.






8. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






9. Total absorbed solar radiation






10. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.






11. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.






12. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.






13. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.






14. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






15. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost






16. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house






17. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor






18. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -






19. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






20. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.






21. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






22. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water






23. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling






24. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density






25. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






26. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






27. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)






28. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.






29. Measures input and output.






30. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%






31. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution






32. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






33. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous






34. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.






35. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface






36. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






37. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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38. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






39. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.






40. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change






41. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.






42. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.






43. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






44. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.






45. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.






46. Number of days that exceed a given temperature






47. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






48. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%






49. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%






50. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.







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