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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Mass Balance
2. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Wetter; drier
Today melting ice
Surface Mass Balance
What happens with the Ozone Hole
3. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Warming; cooling
Grounding Lines
Thermohaline Circulation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
4. The Earth emits this.
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Longwave Radiation
5. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Indirect heat wave effect
Sunspots
6. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Time Variable Gravity
Dry
Arctic Atmosphere
Ice Discharge
7. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
GHG
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ozone Hole
More rain means no drought
8. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Shortwave Length
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Mass Change
9. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Albedo
Types of Albedo
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
10. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
La Nia
Talik
Radiative Flux
Mass Balance
11. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
Altimetry Cons
Radiative Forcing
doubles
12. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice in the Arctic
Threshold departures
Permafrost
13. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
75-OC
Altimetry Cons
Ice Sheets
14. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
In the troposphere that we live in.
Calving
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Threshold departures
15. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Thermokarst
16. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Grounding v Surface Melting
Heat Source and Pressure
Ozone
17. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Ice Shelf
Positive
Thermohaline Circulation
Through talik
18. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Ice Cap
Positive
Reduction in sea-ice extent
19. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
US and precipitation
Atmospheric Composition
Warming; cooling
% of Greenhouse Gases
20. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
El Nino
Cloud Feedbacks
Grounding Lines
Depth v Surface
21. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Dry
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Albedo
22. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Ice Discharge
Albedo
23. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Ice in the Arctic
Heat Source and Pressure
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Talik
24. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Infrared radiation
Thermokarst
Percentile departures
Climate Change in the Arctic
25. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Ocean water
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Radiative Flux
Air pollution
26. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Infrared radiation
Sunspots
20%
Greenhouse Gases
27. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Dynamic thinning
Absolute thresholds
Thinner atmosphere
How a closed talik forms
28. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Thermokarst Lake
Ozone Hole
How we measure Mass Balance
Discontinuous
29. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Severe coastal erosion
Percentile departures
Infrared radiation
30. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
How talik forms under lakes
Percentile departures
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
31. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
25%
Percentile departures
75-OC
32. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Questions to think about
Methane
Antarctica
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
33. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
What effects the density
Frozen Soil
34. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
La Nia
Inversion Layer Winter
Earth's tilt
35. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Stronger
Positive
Permafrost
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
36. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Heat Source and Pressure
The Ozone Hole
25%
Thermohaline Circulation
37. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Altimetry Cons
Heat Source and Pressure
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
38. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Permafrost Degradation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
39. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ozone Hole
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermokarst
Ice shelf
40. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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41. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Ozone Hole
Sunspots
70%
Sea Ice
42. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Thermokarst
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Altimetry Pros
Why the Arctic climate is special
43. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Ice Sheets
75-OC
Discontinuous
44. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
US and precipitation
75-OC
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
45. High vs low
Thermokarst Lake
In the stratosphere.
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice/snow
46. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Surface Mass Balance
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Depth v Surface
Ice-Albedo
47. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
30%
Thermohaline Circulation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
48. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Albedo
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
How talik forms under lakes
49. Really measures volume.
Altimetry
Archimedes' Principle
25%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
50. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
Archimedes' Principle
Ice/snow
Time Variable Gravity