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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Indirect heat wave effect
2. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
30%
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Frozen Soil
3. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Talik
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Discontinuous
Albedos of Snow and Ice
4. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Inversion Layer Summer
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Calving
Carbon Dioxide
5. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
La Nia
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Closed talik
6. Where does the ozone protect us?
Greenhouse Gases
In the stratosphere.
75-OC
Arctic Atmosphere
7. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Energy Budget
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Altimetry (height)
8. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Rainy
Permafrost Degradation
Atmospheric Circulation
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
9. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Severe coastal erosion
Ozone Hole
doubles
10. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
In the troposphere that we live in.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
winter
11. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Time Variable Gravity
Greenhouse Gases
Sublimation
12. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Time Variable Gravity
Importance of ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
13. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Grounding Lines
Thermokarst Lake
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
14. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Hydrological Drought
Climate Change in the Arctic
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Black Carbon
15. How much is the planet really warming?
Mass Balance
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Inversion Layer Summer
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
16. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Meteorological Drought
Arctic Atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide
17. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Threshold departures
US and precipitation
Ice Sheets
Ice in the Arctic
18. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Mass Balance
19. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Greenhouse Gases
Inversion Layer Summer
Radiative Forcing
Ice-Ocean Interactions
20. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Open talik
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
How talik forms under lakes
summer
21. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Altimetry
Indirect heat wave effect
Thermokarst Lake
22. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Permafrost
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
50%
23. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Grounding Lines
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Threshold departures
Active Layer
24. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Agricultural Drought
7%
The Ozone Hole
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
25. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Hydrological Drought
Discontinuous
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
air can warm dramatically
26. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Thermohaline Circulation
The Ozone Hole
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Atmospheric Composition
27. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
All Greenhouse gases
Thermohaline Circulation
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Precipitation and High Latitudes
28. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Black Carbon
Earth's tilt
Ice shelf
29. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Longwave Radiation
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
30. Really measures volume.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Greenland
Ice/snow
Altimetry
31. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Strong
75-OC
Greenland
32. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Atmospheric Composition
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Talik
Precipitation and High Latitudes
33. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Ice shelf
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Active Layer
34. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
IPCC
Thinner atmosphere
35. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Percentile departures
Once every 4 years.
How to define a heatwave
36. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Strong
Time Variable Gravity
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ozone
37. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Melt
winter
38. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice in the Arctic
Antarctica
Ocean water
39. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Rainy
Ice-Albedo
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Severe coastal erosion
40. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Heat wave
Today melting ice
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
41. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Altimetry Pros
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
42. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Albedo
winter
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
43. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Active Layer
Natural Causes of Warming
Strong
44. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Albedo
How we measure Mass Balance
Mass Change
Black Carbon
45. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Antarctica
Ice-Albedo
More rain means no drought
46. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Ice loss
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Open talik
25%
47. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
75-OC
Grounding Lines
All Greenhouse gases
20%
48. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
GHG
Talik
El Nino
Greenhouse Gases
49. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Thermokarst
Antarctica
How to define a heatwave
Albedo
50. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Ozone
Grounding Lines