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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Albedo
20%
Cloud Feedbacks
Greenhouse Gases
2. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
Hydrological Drought
All Greenhouse gases
3. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Surface Mass Balance
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ocean water
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
4. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Ice Sheets
Accumulation
Greenland
Sunspots
5. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
All Greenhouse gases
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
6. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Strong
Ocean water
Energy Budget
Global warming and hot nights?
7. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Ice Sheets
Carbon Dioxide
Cloud Feedbacks
8. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Ocean water
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Closed talik
9. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice/snow
Through talik
Percentile departures
10. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Infrared radiation
Thermokarst
Dry
11. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Antarctica
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Depth v Surface
12. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
.75OC/km-1
The cryosphere
Grounding Lines
summer
13. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
La Nia
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ocean water
Sunspots
14. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
Talik
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Air pollution
15. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Affect Floods and Droughts
Today melting ice
Ice in the Arctic
16. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
IPCC
Questions to think about
Mass Balance
17. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Radiative Flux
Ice absorbs
Rainy
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
18. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Indirect heat wave effect
Troposphere
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulation
19. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Atmospheric Circulation
Altimetry Cons
Time Variable Gravity
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
20. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Radiative Flux
Frozen Soil
Severe coastal erosion
Atmospheric Structure
21. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Rainy
Sea Ice
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ice Sheets
22. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Air pollution
Sublimation
23. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Warm
Depth v Surface
Atmospheric Composition?
24. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Black Carbon
How a closed talik forms
70%
Ice Shelf
25. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Mass Balance
Atmospheric Composition?
Ice loss
26. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Ocean water
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
50%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
27. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
El Nino
Closed talik
Strong
Ice Sheets
28. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Monthly maximums and minimums
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Archimedes' Principle
29. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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30. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
30%
Severe coastal erosion
How to define a heatwave
Increases - decreases
31. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ocean water
Positive
In the troposphere that we live in.
Albedo
32. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Ocean water
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice absorbs
Grounding v Surface Melting
33. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ozone Hole
El Nino
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
34. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Surface Mass Balance
Importance of ice sheets
Heat Source and Pressure
Permafrost Degradation
35. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
US and precipitation
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Infrared radiation
Atmospheric Structure
36. Really measures volume.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Altimetry
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Radiative Flux
37. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Active Layer
Importance of ice sheets
38. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Importance of ice sheets
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice loss
Thermohaline Circulation
39. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
What effects the density
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
40. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
% of Greenhouse Gases
Greenland
Radiative Flux
41. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
Sea-Ice Albedo
Strong
Carbon Dioxide
In the troposphere that we live in.
42. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Ice absorbs
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Thermokarst
43. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Inversion Layer Summer
Hydrological Drought
air can warm dramatically
Radiative Forcing
44. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Black Carbon
Altimetry (height)
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
45. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Absolute thresholds
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Calving
La Nia
46. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Ice loss
Thinner atmosphere
Air pollution
Thermohaline Circulation
47. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Active Layer
Sublimation
Ozone Hole
Warming; cooling
48. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Methane
Wetter; drier
Warming; cooling
El Nio is in the coasts of...
49. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Ice-Albedo
Depth v Surface
Time Variable Gravity
50. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermokarst Lake
Warm
Grounding Lines