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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
Mass Budget
Atmospheric Structure
How a closed talik forms
2. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ice shelf
Mass Change
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Threshold departures
3. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Percentile departures
20%
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Warm
4. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Thinner atmosphere
Ice loss
In the stratosphere.
5. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
45%
Altimetry (height)
6. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Time Variable Gravity
The cryosphere
How to define a heatwave
Closed talik
7. More common
Thinner atmosphere
Ice/snow
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Inversion Layer Winter
8. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Through talik
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Climate Change in the Arctic
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
9. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Warm
Arctic Atmosphere
10. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ice Discharge
Altimetry Pros
11. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ocean water
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
12. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Global warming and hot nights?
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Stronger
13. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Accumulation
Ice Motion
Altimetry (height)
Thermokarst Lake
14. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
20%
How we measure Mass Balance
The cryosphere
Wetter; drier
15. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Through talik
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Sunspots
Troposphere
16. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice Sheets
Shortwave Length
doubles
17. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Earth's tilt
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst
Radiative Forcing
18. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Time Variable Gravity
Sublimation
Questions to think about
19. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Stronger
GHG
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ocean water
20. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
20%
Archimedes' Principle
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
All Greenhouse gases
21. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Grounding v Surface Melting
Heat wave
doubles
22. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
IPCC
Active Layer
winter
Inversion Layer Winter
23. Total absorbed solar radiation
Ice/snow
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
70%
Ozone
24. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Thermohaline Circulation
Permafrost
Ice-Albedo
Negative
25. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Surface Mass Balance
50%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Active Layer
26. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Infrared radiation
Warming; cooling
Importance of ice sheets
Global warming and hot nights?
27. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Surface Mass Balance
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Climate Change in the Arctic
Agricultural Drought
28. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Global warming and hot nights?
El Nino
Ice Sheets
Importance of ice sheets
29. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Heat Source and Pressure
Inversion Layer Summer
Albedo
30. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Atmospheric Circulation
US and precipitation
.75OC/km-1
31. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice Cap
Accumulation
winter
32. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Troposphere
20%
Absolute thresholds
33. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Depth v Surface
Wetter; drier
Types of Albedo
Surface Mass Balance
34. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Rainy
Ozone
Normal condition for air
Accumulation
35. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Warming; cooling
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Atmospheric Composition
36. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
air can warm dramatically
GHG
doubles
37. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Atmospheric Structure
25%
Today melting ice
Thermokarst Lake
38. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Surface Mass Balance
Ice-Albedo
How to define a heatwave
39. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Atmospheric Structure
Time Variable Gravity
40. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Very small portion
30%
Threshold departures
Troposphere
41. 240 w/m squared
Calving
Carbon Dioxide
Thermokarst
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
42. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
How we measure Mass Balance
Greenhouse Gases
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
43. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Hydrological Drought
Mass Balance
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
44. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ice shelf
Ice Cap
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Albedo
45. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Radiative Flux
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Permafrost
46. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Talik
IPCC
Threshold departures
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
47. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Calving
Dynamic thinning
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Affect Floods and Droughts
48. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Cloud Feedbacks
Antarctica
Dry
49. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
US and precipitation
Thermokarst
Ozone Hole
Threshold departures
50. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Surface Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Longwave Radiation