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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
30%
Atmospheric Circulation
2. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Atmospheric Composition?
Calving
Earth's tilt
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
3. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Mass Budget
Grounding Lines
Dry
Ozone
4. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Wetter; drier
Open talik
Once every 4 years.
5. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
.75OC/km-1
Energy Budget
Radiative Forcing
Closed talik
6. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Melt
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Altimetry Cons
Absolute thresholds
7. High vs low
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Inversion Layer Summer
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice Discharge
8. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Arctic Atmosphere
Percentile departures
Discontinuous
Earth's tilt
9. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Indirect heat wave effect
Ice Sheets
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
70%
10. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Positive feedbacks both found in...
GHG
Very small portion
11. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Albedo
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ice Shelf
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
12. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
30%
Percentile departures
Antarctica
Permafrost Degradation
13. Where does the ozone protect us?
Thermohaline Circulation
In the stratosphere.
Wetter; drier
Inversion Layer Summer
14. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Active Layer
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Closed talik
Talik
15. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Percentile departures
Ice Motion
Absolute thresholds
16. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Thermohaline Circulation
Altimetry
Monthly maximums and minimums
Once every 4 years.
17. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Black Carbon
doubles
Radiative Flux
18. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
What effects the density
Greenhouse Gases
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Active Layer
19. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Atmospheric Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation
20. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
Closed talik
Ice in the Arctic
Archimedes' Principle
21. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Ocean water
Global warming and hot nights?
Where rise in OC is greatest
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
22. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Surface Mass Balance
23. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Greenhouse Gases
Radiative Flux
How we measure Mass Balance
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
24. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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25. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
All Greenhouse gases
GHG
Severe coastal erosion
Threshold departures
26. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Importance of ice sheets
Altimetry
Monthly maximums and minimums
Heat wave
27. Measures input and output.
Sunspots
Mass Budget
Antarctica
El Nio is in the coasts of...
28. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Earth's tilt
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Cap
29. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Melt
Ocean water
30. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Thermokarst
Melt
75-OC
Absolute thresholds
31. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
doubles
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Agricultural Drought
32. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Hydrological Drought
33. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Normal condition for air
Through talik
Threshold departures
Thinner atmosphere
34. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Accumulation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
How we measure Mass Balance
35. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Sunspots
Permafrost Degradation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
36. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Meteorological Drought
What effects the density
doubles
Ice loss
37. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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38. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Meteorological Drought
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Ice shelf
39. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Methane
Surface Mass Balance
Grounding v Surface Melting
70%
40. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Accumulation
Strong
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
41. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
Hydrological Drought
Troposphere
Ice Discharge
Warming; cooling
42. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
45%
Ice in the Arctic
25%
43. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Dynamic thinning
Heat Source and Pressure
25%
44. Melting Point decreases
Energy Budget
.75OC/km-1
Thermokarst
More rain means no drought
45. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
winter
Sublimation
30%
IPCC
46. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ozone Hole
US and precipitation
Surface Mass Balance
47. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Radiative Forcing
Positive
summer
Time Variable Gravity
48. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Ice in the Arctic
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Surface Mass Balance
49. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Mass Balance
Mass Change
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Severe coastal erosion
50. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Energy Budget
Ice Discharge
Ice absorbs
% of Greenhouse Gases