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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measures input and output.
Ice Cap
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Mass Budget
Talik
2. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Negative
Ice shelf
3. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Dry
Permafrost
4. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Energy Budget
Grounding Lines
Carbon Dioxide
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
5. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Air pollution
Heat wave
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
6. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Very small portion
25%
7. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Heat Source and Pressure
Monthly maximums and minimums
Sea-Ice Albedo
Ice Cap
8. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Inversion Layer (feedback)
How talik forms under lakes
Methane
Affect Floods and Droughts
9. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Altimetry (height)
Grounding Lines
Ocean water
10. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Questions to think about
Thermohaline Circulation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Energy Budget
11. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
doubles
Sea Ice
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
12. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
How we measure Mass Balance
Heat wave
Ice Motion
13. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Surface Mass Balance
Shortwave Length
Global warming and hot nights?
14. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
Ozone
70%
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
15. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Radiative Flux
Thermokarst
US and precipitation
16. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Strong
Inversion Layer Summer
Severe coastal erosion
Frozen Soil
17. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Closed talik
Absolute thresholds
75-OC
Time Variable Gravity
18. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Time Variable Gravity
Precipitation and High Latitudes
19. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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20. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Motion
summer
Grounding Lines
21. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Wetter; drier
Radiative Forcing
Time Variable Gravity
22. How much is the planet really warming?
Grounding v Surface Melting
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Discharge
All Greenhouse gases
23. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Ice in the Arctic
Altimetry (height)
Talik
24. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean water
Methane
doubles
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
25. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Sublimation
50%
Black Carbon
Ice Sheets
26. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Percentile departures
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice loss
Frozen Soil
27. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Mass Balance
Ozone Hole
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
28. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
In the stratosphere.
29. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Today melting ice
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
30. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Thermohaline Circulation
Air pollution
Active Layer
Meteorological Drought
31. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
air can warm dramatically
Talik
Thermokarst Lake
Ice absorbs
32. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Warming; cooling
Depth v Surface
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Today melting ice
33. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
Altimetry Pros
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Melt
34. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Agricultural Drought
Altimetry
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ozone Hole
35. The Earth emits this.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Longwave Radiation
All Greenhouse gases
36. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
Ice Cap
Questions to think about
Discontinuous
37. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Sunspots
Grounding Lines
38. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Antarctica
Permafrost
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
39. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Sunspots
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Thinner atmosphere
40. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Thinner atmosphere
Arctic Atmosphere
Permafrost Degradation
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
41. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
25%
42. Total absorbed solar radiation
Threshold departures
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Earth's tilt
70%
43. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Ice Shelf
Once every 4 years.
Ice loss
Warming; cooling
44. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Ocean water
Percentile departures
Sublimation
GHG
45. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Greenland
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Warm
46. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Negative
Shortwave Length
Permafrost Degradation
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
47. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Wetter; drier
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Grounding v Surface Melting
48. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Types of Albedo
How talik forms under lakes
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Sea-Ice Albedo
49. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Hydrological Drought
Layers of Earth
air can warm dramatically
Ice shelf
50. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Ice/snow
Altimetry Pros
Thermokarst
El Nino