SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Atmospheric Composition
Thermohaline Circulation
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Absolute thresholds
2. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Ice Motion
Atmospheric Structure
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Global warming and hot nights?
3. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Heat Source and Pressure
Heat wave
Active Layer
Calving
4. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
In the troposphere that we live in.
Permafrost Degradation
Open talik
5. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
Negative
7%
Radiative Forcing
Mass Balance
6. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Affect Floods and Droughts
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Meteorological Drought
Greenland
7. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Motion
Mass Budget
8. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice loss
Thermohaline Circulation
Accumulation
9. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Normal condition for air
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
How talik forms under lakes
Ice Sheets
10. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice Sheets
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
11. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Rainy
Ozone Hole
Surface Mass Balance
winter
12. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Threshold departures
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Monthly maximums and minimums
Accumulation
13. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ozone Hole
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Grounding Lines
Ice Sheets
14. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Radiative Forcing
Energy Budget
Troposphere
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
15. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
All Greenhouse gases
16. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ice Sheets
Dynamic thinning
17. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Rainy
Stronger
Permafrost Degradation
Inversion Layer Summer
18. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Hydrological Drought
Ice absorbs
Albedos of Snow and Ice
19. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
75-OC
Antarctica
Sea Ice
20. Really measures volume.
Agricultural Drought
Inversion Layer (feedback)
air can warm dramatically
Altimetry
21. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Albedo
Strong
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
22. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
50%
How we measure Mass Balance
How a closed talik forms
23. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Archimedes' Principle
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Albedo
24. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
20%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
25%
Percentile departures
25. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Layers of Earth
US and precipitation
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Radiative Flux
26. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
What effects the density
Permafrost Degradation
Depth v Surface
La Nia
27. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Permafrost
GHG
Ocean water
28. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
30%
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Heat wave
Antarctica
29. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost
Heat wave
winter
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
30. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Natural Causes of Warming
Depth v Surface
Methane
31. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
How we measure Mass Balance
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Black Carbon
Indirect heat wave effect
32. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Altimetry (height)
Ice-Albedo
Thermokarst
Where rise in OC is greatest
33. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Ice Motion
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Methane
34. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Ocean water
Sunspots
Climate Change in the Arctic
Increases - decreases
35. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Permafrost Degradation
Strong
Severe coastal erosion
75-OC
36. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
How talik forms under lakes
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Mass Balance
37. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
reduction in sea-ice
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermokarst
38. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Warming; cooling
39. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Indirect heat wave effect
45%
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
40. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Positive feedbacks both found in...
In the stratosphere.
How to define a heatwave
Threshold departures
41. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
% of Greenhouse Gases
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
How we measure Mass Balance
Thermohaline Circulation
42. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Percentile departures
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Surface Mass Balance
43. The Earth emits this.
Ice shelf
Altimetry (height)
Longwave Radiation
30%
44. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Types of Albedo
Ice Shelf
Global warming and hot nights?
45. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
The cryosphere
Thermohaline Circulatoin
45%
Surface Mass Balance
46. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Wetter; drier
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Mass Budget
47. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Discontinuous
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice Shelf
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
48. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Indirect heat wave effect
Stronger
reduction in sea-ice
49. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
.75OC/km-1
Heat wave
Permafrost
Frozen Soil
50. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
El Nino
Melt
Thermokarst