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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
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Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Absolute thresholds
Albedos of Snow and Ice
2. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice/snow
Permafrost Degradation
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
3. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
How talik forms under lakes
Natural Causes of Warming
Negative
Open talik
4. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
30%
La Nia
Dry
5. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Energy Budget
reduction in sea-ice
Thinner atmosphere
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
6. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Greenland
Carbon Dioxide
Frozen Soil
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
7. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Types of Albedo
Infrared radiation
Heat Source and Pressure
Active Layer
8. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Ozone Hole
Questions to think about
Accumulation
9. How much is the planet really warming?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
.7O Celsius over the past century.
75-OC
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
10. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
1 m/yr; 10x
Permafrost
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Cap
11. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Hydrological Drought
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Earth's tilt
Archimedes' Principle
12. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Earth's tilt
Mass Change
Surface Mass Balance
13. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Mass Change
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Permafrost Degradation
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
14. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Grounding v Surface Melting
IPCC
The Ozone Hole
15. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Albedos of Snow and Ice
La Nia
16. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Precipitation and High Latitudes
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice-Albedo
17. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Atmospheric Structure
Ozone Hole
Surface Mass Balance
18. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
70%
Atmospheric Circulation
winter
Dynamic thinning
19. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Altimetry Cons
Wetter; drier
Positive feedbacks both found in...
20. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Importance of ice sheets
air can warm dramatically
Antarctica
Grounding Lines
21. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Threshold departures
Closed talik
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Sea-Ice Albedo
22. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Ice in the Arctic
Grounding v Surface Melting
Inversion Layer Summer
Rainy
23. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Ice shelf
Surface Mass Balance
Rainy
24. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Global warming and hot nights?
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Mass Change
Methane
25. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Radiative Flux
Ice loss
How to define a heatwave
26. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Troposphere
Radiative Flux
Ice in the Arctic
Ice absorbs
27. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
How to define a heatwave
Ice Motion
28. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Why the Arctic climate is special
Talik
Layers of Earth
Frozen Soil
29. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Open talik
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Agricultural Drought
30. Measures input and output.
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Mass Budget
31. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
% of Greenhouse Gases
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Rainy
32. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
How talik forms under lakes
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Grounding Lines
Active Layer
33. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ozone Hole
Absolute thresholds
Heat wave
34. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Affect Floods and Droughts
Albedo
Radiative Flux
35. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
45%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
36. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Warm
How we measure Mass Balance
Types of Albedo
Altimetry Cons
37. Amount of light absorbed by surface
How we measure Mass Balance
Increases - decreases
50%
Ice loss
38. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Global warming and hot nights?
Greenland
Ozone Hole
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
39. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
GHG
Why the Arctic climate is special
Grounding Lines
40. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Methane
Longwave Radiation
Depth v Surface
Importance of ice sheets
41. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Positive
Meteorological Drought
Warm
Inversion Layer Summer
42. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Radiative Flux
Frozen Soil
Greenland
43. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Warm
How a closed talik forms
Ice Sheets
Calving
44. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ice shelf
Atmospheric Composition?
30%
Thermokarst Lake
45. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Threshold departures
Agricultural Drought
Active Layer
46. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Questions to think about
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice-Ocean Interactions
47. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Altimetry Cons
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Grounding Lines
48. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Positive
Wetter; drier
Grounding v Surface Melting
Precipitation and High Latitudes
49. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Inversion Layer (feedback)
7%
25%
Active Layer
50. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
Methane
Sea Ice
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
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