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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
% of Greenhouse Gases
Threshold departures
Warming; cooling
2. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ice Discharge
Troposphere
Ice Cap
Ozone Hole
3. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Meteorological Drought
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
45%
All Greenhouse gases
4. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
In the troposphere that we live in.
Questions to think about
Dry
Sunspots
5. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Antarctica
Radiative Flux
Why the Arctic climate is special
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
6. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Layers of Earth
Grounding Lines
Thermokarst
Methane
7. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Closed talik
Thinner atmosphere
Severe coastal erosion
8. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Sea-Ice Albedo
How we measure Mass Balance
El Nino
75-OC
9. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Mass Change
Depth v Surface
Ice absorbs
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
10. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Heat Source and Pressure
Ocean water
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
11. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Types of Albedo
Ice Cap
Inversion Layer (feedback)
12. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Discontinuous
Atmospheric Composition
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Strong
13. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Methane
Mass Balance
Climate Change in the Arctic
14. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
15. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Inversion Layer Winter
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Sublimation
Ozone Hole
16. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Through talik
Frozen Soil
Methane
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
17. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Strong
70%
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
18. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice loss
Surface Mass Balance
Grounding Lines
19. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Sublimation
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Open talik
70%
20. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ice Sheets
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry (height)
21. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice loss
Atmospheric Composition?
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Mass Change
22. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Global warming and hot nights?
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
winter
Why the Arctic climate is special
23. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Types of Albedo
Ice shelf
Longwave Radiation
Climate Change in the Arctic
24. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
More rain means no drought
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
1 m/yr; 10x
25. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Dynamic thinning
Antarctica
Altimetry Cons
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
26. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Increases - decreases
Threshold departures
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ocean water
27. Ocean retains ____ CO2
% of Greenhouse Gases
25%
In the troposphere that we live in.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
28. How much is the planet really warming?
Surface Mass Balance
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice Motion
29. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Ocean water
Thermokarst
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Where rise in OC is greatest
30. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Mass Change
45%
IPCC
Ice-Albedo
31. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Questions to think about
Thermohaline Circulation
Thinner atmosphere
Natural Causes of Warming
32. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Agricultural Drought
Altimetry Pros
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
33. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Increases - decreases
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
25%
How we measure Mass Balance
34. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Longwave Radiation
Radiative Flux
35. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
How we measure Mass Balance
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice Discharge
Increases - decreases
36. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Active Layer
Threshold departures
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Atmospheric Circulation
37. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
doubles
Heat Source and Pressure
7%
Strong
38. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
All Greenhouse gases
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
30%
39. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Permafrost
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
40. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
75-OC
Thermohaline Circulation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Mass Change
41. High vs low
Shortwave Length
Cloud Feedbacks
Ice-Albedo
Natural Causes of Warming
42. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice loss
Ice-Albedo
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
43. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Meteorological Drought
Permafrost
Very small portion
Once every 4 years.
44. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Frozen Soil
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
45. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ice Sheets
Shortwave Length
Thermohaline Circulatoin
46. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Active Layer
Sunspots
Atmospheric Composition
Surface Mass Balance
47. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Types of Albedo
summer
Today melting ice
48. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
In the troposphere that we live in.
49. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
1 m/yr; 10x
Accumulation
Warming; cooling
50. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
reduction in sea-ice
Ozone Hole
Troposphere
Very small portion