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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Permafrost
Percentile departures
Ice shelf
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
2. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Meteorological Drought
Hydrological Drought
Methane
3. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
20%
Absolute thresholds
Natural Causes of Warming
4. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ocean water
Warm
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
5. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Ice in the Arctic
Open talik
Ice/snow
El Nino
6. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Albedo
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Sublimation
7. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Frozen Soil
Permafrost
75-OC
Closed talik
8. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Surface Mass Balance
Ocean water
Mass Budget
IPCC
9. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Ozone
10. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Atmospheric Composition
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
In the troposphere that we live in.
11. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
The Ozone Hole
Wetter; drier
Positive
What effects the density
12. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Agricultural Drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice Cap
13. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Inversion Layer Winter
20%
Sea Ice
14. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Inversion Layer Winter
In the stratosphere.
Atmospheric Composition?
Once every 4 years.
15. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Carbon Dioxide
Rainy
Sea-Ice Albedo
16. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Calving
70%
air can warm dramatically
17. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Agricultural Drought
Meteorological Drought
Threshold departures
Melt
18. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Warming; cooling
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice-Ocean Interactions
La Nia
19. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Wetter; drier
Why the Arctic climate is special
50%
20. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Meteorological Drought
Closed talik
21. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Active Layer
Ice absorbs
22. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Infrared radiation
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Sublimation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
23. Measures input and output.
Mass Budget
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice absorbs
24. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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25. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Active Layer
Time Variable Gravity
summer
El Nio is in the coasts of...
26. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Atmospheric Circulation
winter
Methane
27. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
25%
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Positive
28. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Normal condition for air
Albedo
20%
The Ozone Hole
29. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Severe coastal erosion
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
US and precipitation
30. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Atmospheric Structure
Thinner atmosphere
Time Variable Gravity
31. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Dry
Natural Causes of Warming
Meteorological Drought
Monthly maximums and minimums
32. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Active Layer
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Percentile departures
33. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
7%
Ice Shelf
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
50%
34. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Atmospheric Composition?
Ice loss
Global warming and hot nights?
35. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Accumulation
Antarctica
Sea-Ice Albedo
36. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Affect Floods and Droughts
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
37. More common
La Nia
Mass Balance
Sea-Ice Albedo
Inversion Layer Winter
38. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Agricultural Drought
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
The Ozone Hole
39. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Archimedes' Principle
Thermokarst
Discontinuous
40. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Atmospheric Circulation
Indirect heat wave effect
Hydrological Drought
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
41. Melting Point decreases
30%
Warm
.75OC/km-1
70%
42. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Today melting ice
Open talik
Warm
43. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Sublimation
More rain means no drought
Greenhouse Gases
44. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Dynamic thinning
Shortwave Length
Atmospheric Composition
45. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Thermohaline Circulation
Sunspots
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
46. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Atmospheric Composition
In the troposphere that we live in.
Arctic Atmosphere
Hydrological Drought
47. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
45%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Antarctica
48. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Sublimation
More rain means no drought
Thermohaline Circulation
Greenland
49. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Warming; cooling
Shortwave Length
Reduction in sea-ice extent
1 m/yr; 10x
50. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Accumulation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.