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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
winter
Today melting ice
Ice Discharge
2. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
How talik forms under lakes
Thermokarst
Active Layer
3. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ice Discharge
Stronger
Ozone Hole
4. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Ice Shelf
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
5. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Inversion Layer Summer
Increases - decreases
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Thermohaline Circulation
6. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Stronger
Percentile departures
Active Layer
Albedo
7. Really measures volume.
Mass Budget
Ice shelf
Altimetry
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
8. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Discontinuous
Absolute thresholds
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Meteorological Drought
9. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Atmospheric Composition
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice Sheets
25%
10. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
winter
7%
Types of Albedo
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
11. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
summer
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Active Layer
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
12. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
The cryosphere
Open talik
Warm
Sunspots
13. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How a closed talik forms
Importance of ice sheets
14. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Increases - decreases
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Energy Budget
Rainy
15. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
More rain means no drought
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Layers of Earth
16. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Shortwave Length
How we measure Mass Balance
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
17. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Methane
Dry
Normal condition for air
Albedo
18. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Sublimation
Air pollution
Ice Motion
Ozone Hole
19. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Thermokarst
Agricultural Drought
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
30%
20. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Importance of ice sheets
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Mass Change
Questions to think about
21. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
Altimetry Cons
Today melting ice
Ice Shelf
Reduction in sea-ice extent
22. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Threshold departures
Ice Sheets
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Through talik
23. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Thinner atmosphere
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Altimetry Pros
Infrared radiation
24. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Thermokarst
Ice Discharge
Percentile departures
GHG
25. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Open talik
Black Carbon
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Atmospheric Circulation
26. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
reduction in sea-ice
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
How a closed talik forms
27. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Thermohaline Circulatoin
La Nia
45%
Percentile departures
28. Precipitation intensity will rise ___ for every 1 OC of warming.
7%
Air pollution
Earth's tilt
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
29. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
.75OC/km-1
Ocean water
air can warm dramatically
30. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Permafrost
Open talik
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
air can warm dramatically
31. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Affect Floods and Droughts
Melt
32. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
Depth v Surface
Air pollution
Agricultural Drought
33. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Heat Source and Pressure
Inversion Layer Summer
Types of Albedo
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
34. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
.75OC/km-1
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
How talik forms under lakes
Black Carbon
35. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Ice Discharge
Inversion Layer Winter
Normal condition for air
Inversion Layer (feedback)
36. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Ice Sheets
Cloud Feedbacks
Stronger
37. The Earth emits this.
Methane
Greenland
Inversion Layer Summer
Longwave Radiation
38. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Where rise in OC is greatest
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ice Motion
How talik forms under lakes
39. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Questions to think about
Threshold departures
Types of Albedo
La Nia
40. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
The cryosphere
Discontinuous
Closed talik
Permafrost
41. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
More rain means no drought
Earth's tilt
Indirect heat wave effect
IPCC
42. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
US and precipitation
Atmospheric Circulation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Sunspots
43. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Ice Sheets
1 m/yr; 10x
Closed talik
Active Layer
44. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Troposphere
Warm
Radiative Forcing
45. How often does El Nio occur?
Importance of ice sheets
Inversion Layer Summer
Once every 4 years.
summer
46. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
45%
Stronger
47. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
20%
Open talik
Greenland
Surface Mass Balance
48. Melting Point decreases
The Ozone Hole
Inversion Layer (feedback)
El Nio is in the coasts of...
.75OC/km-1
49. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Antarctica
Methane
Mass Balance
Radiative Forcing
50. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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