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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
Talik
Active Layer
Ice Sheets
Inversion Layer Summer
2. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Atmospheric Structure
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Atmospheric Composition
3. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Ozone
30%
Grounding Lines
4. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Ice-Ocean Interactions
In the troposphere that we live in.
Strong
70%
5. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Greenland
How we measure Mass Balance
Methane
air can warm dramatically
6. Melting Point decreases
30%
Ozone Hole
.75OC/km-1
30%
7. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
How talik forms under lakes
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Climate Change in the Arctic
Heat Source and Pressure
8. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Methane
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Altimetry Cons
9. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
US and precipitation
Shortwave Length
Percentile departures
7%
10. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
How we measure Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
Ice absorbs
11. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Albedos of Snow and Ice
How to define a heatwave
Sea Ice
12. Less frequent and weaker
summer
Inversion Layer Summer
Atmospheric Composition?
Through talik
13. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
7%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Time Variable Gravity
IPCC
14. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Negative
25%
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
doubles
15. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Absolute thresholds
Altimetry
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
16. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Radiative Flux
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
17. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Grounding Lines
Accumulation
Air pollution
El Nio is in the coasts of...
18. How much is the planet really warming?
Heat Source and Pressure
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
.7O Celsius over the past century.
19. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Infrared radiation
Climate Change in the Arctic
Radiative Forcing
20. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Ocean water
winter
Absolute thresholds
Ice shelf
21. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Today melting ice
US and precipitation
Dynamic thinning
Ocean water
22. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Cloud Feedbacks
Grounding Lines
Surface Mass Balance
Open talik
23. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
In the troposphere that we live in.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Energy Budget
24. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Air pollution
Albedo
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
25. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermokarst
Absolute thresholds
Thermohaline Circulatoin
26. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Open talik
Permafrost Degradation
Dry
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
27. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Threshold departures
Grounding v Surface Melting
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
28. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Grounding Lines
Earth's tilt
29. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Thermohaline Circulation
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Types of Albedo
30. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
Reduction in sea-ice extent
45%
All Greenhouse gases
GHG
31. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Monthly maximums and minimums
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Altimetry Cons
32. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Earth's tilt
Monthly maximums and minimums
Discontinuous
How to define a heatwave
33. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Atmospheric Structure
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Motion
In the troposphere that we live in.
34. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Atmospheric Structure
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermokarst
Heat Source and Pressure
35. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Inversion Layer Summer
The cryosphere
Radiative Flux
Ice in the Arctic
36. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Permafrost
Meteorological Drought
Through talik
Surface Mass Balance
37. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
summer
Atmospheric Composition
Air pollution
38. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Layers of Earth
Ice-Albedo
Altimetry (height)
Thinner atmosphere
39. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Accumulation
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ozone
Thermohaline Circulation
40. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Greenhouse Gases
Ocean water
Infrared radiation
1 m/yr; 10x
41. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Very small portion
Hydrological Drought
Ozone Hole
Warm
42. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
In the stratosphere.
Grounding Lines
Greenhouse Gases
Atmospheric Composition
43. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Thermokarst
Permafrost
Ice Discharge
Cloud Feedbacks
44. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Active Layer
Ice/snow
45. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Through talik
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Thermohaline Circulatoin
46. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
The cryosphere
Increases - decreases
Thermokarst
Energy Budget
47. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Carbon Dioxide
Greenland
Wetter; drier
Sea Ice
48. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Inversion Layer Winter
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Today melting ice
49. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Atmospheric Structure
30%
Sublimation
Warm
50. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
winter
Questions to think about
30%
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location