SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice Discharge
Ice shelf
2. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sea Ice
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Thermokarst
3. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Antarctica
Ice loss
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Permafrost Degradation
4. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
GHG
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Energy Budget
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
5. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Thermokarst
summer
25%
6. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
How talik forms under lakes
Ice/snow
Arctic Atmosphere
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
7. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
70%
20%
Thermohaline Circulation
8. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
% of Greenhouse Gases
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice loss
Grounding v Surface Melting
9. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Greenland
Absolute thresholds
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
10. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Hydrological Drought
Mass Change
Wetter; drier
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
11. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Indirect heat wave effect
Time Variable Gravity
70%
Melt
12. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Atmospheric Composition
Very small portion
Archimedes' Principle
13. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Questions to think about
Heat wave
Stronger
14. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
reduction in sea-ice
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Warming; cooling
How we measure Mass Balance
15. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
air can warm dramatically
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Arctic Atmosphere
.75OC/km-1
16. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Sea-Ice Albedo
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
17. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Atmospheric Composition
Through talik
Inversion Layer Winter
Frozen Soil
18. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
19. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Atmospheric Composition
45%
70%
20. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Air pollution
All Greenhouse gases
Wetter; drier
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
21. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Thermohaline Circulatoin
doubles
Ice Sheets
22. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Time Variable Gravity
Ocean water
Monthly maximums and minimums
Antarctica
23. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
The cryosphere
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
What effects the density
24. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
7%
Affect Floods and Droughts
Permafrost
Time Variable Gravity
25. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
What effects the density
Climate Change in the Arctic
Carbon Dioxide
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
26. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Infrared radiation
Stronger
air can warm dramatically
Ice Motion
27. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Albedos of Snow and Ice
75-OC
Questions to think about
Thermohaline Circulation
28. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
50%
summer
Grounding Lines
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
29. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
Inversion Layer Winter
Mass Budget
Methane
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
30. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Very small portion
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Permafrost
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
31. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Atmospheric Circulation
Permafrost
Inversion Layer Summer
Troposphere
32. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
How we measure Mass Balance
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ocean water
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
33. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
El Nino
Troposphere
34. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Ozone Hole
How a closed talik forms
Atmospheric Circulation
Very small portion
35. High vs low
Arctic Atmosphere
Severe coastal erosion
Cloud Feedbacks
Percentile departures
36. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.
Surface Mass Balance
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Importance of ice sheets
IPCC
37. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
70%
Black Carbon
20%
38. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Black Carbon
Mass Change
Very small portion
Ozone
39. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Questions to think about
GHG
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Mass Change
40. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
41. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Negative
Open talik
Ocean water
Warming; cooling
42. The Earth emits this.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Sea Ice
Normal condition for air
Longwave Radiation
43. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Talik
Longwave Radiation
Normal condition for air
Altimetry Pros
44. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Depth v Surface
Altimetry Cons
45. Less frequent and weaker
20%
Warm
Discontinuous
Inversion Layer Summer
46. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Ocean water
Inversion Layer Winter
Ice absorbs
47. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Strong
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
48. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
49. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Warming; cooling
Warm
Discontinuous
50. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Melt
El Nino
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Hydrological Drought