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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Atmospheric Circulation
Infrared radiation
2. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Altimetry
Frozen Soil
Depth v Surface
3. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Dynamic thinning
Increases - decreases
Percentile departures
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
4. Laser radar - H V - Long time series - high accuracy - Density
Antarctica
Ice in the Arctic
Grounding Lines
Altimetry (height)
5. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Ice Sheets
6. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Ice shelf
Very small portion
doubles
Once every 4 years.
7. Less frequent and weaker
Depth v Surface
30%
Surface Mass Balance
Inversion Layer Summer
8. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
summer
Melt
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
9. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice Sheets
Thermohaline Circulation
50%
10. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Greenland
30%
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
11. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Ice Discharge
Through talik
How we measure Mass Balance
12. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Warming; cooling
Mass Budget
13. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Layers of Earth
Air pollution
14. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Surface Mass Balance
More rain means no drought
Ice Sheets
Natural Causes of Warming
15. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Stronger
What effects the density
winter
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
16. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
doubles
Climate Change in the Arctic
Strong
How a closed talik forms
17. The amount of light reflected by an object.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Albedo
Positive
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
18. Where does the ozone protect us?
Earth's tilt
Ozone Hole
Melt
In the stratosphere.
19. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
La Nia
Ice in the Arctic
45%
Reduction in sea-ice extent
20. How much is the planet really warming?
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice shelf
Dynamic thinning
.7O Celsius over the past century.
21. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Hydrological Drought
Sublimation
Ice-Albedo
22. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Radiative Forcing
Black Carbon
Time Variable Gravity
Warming; cooling
23. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
How to define a heatwave
La Nia
Discontinuous
24. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Severe coastal erosion
Antarctica
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Surface Mass Balance
25. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Threshold departures
Warming; cooling
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Ice Sheets
26. How often does El Nio occur?
Once every 4 years.
Antarctica
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
air can warm dramatically
27. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
20%
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice shelf
28. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Ice loss
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
29. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
Atmospheric Composition
Warming; cooling
7%
30. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Affect Floods and Droughts
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Hydrological Drought
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
31. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
Altimetry Cons
IPCC
Troposphere
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
32. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Shortwave Length
Ice shelf
Meteorological Drought
33. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
La Nia
Surface Mass Balance
Altimetry Pros
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
34. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Sunspots
Natural Causes of Warming
Wetter; drier
IPCC
35. Holds unique and key information - Are highly interconnected - Respond and drive climate change - Are the largest freshwater reservoirs of the planet - Ice cores tell us that in climate records - nothing is regular and ice sheet plays major role.
Wetter; drier
25%
Ocean water
Ice Sheets
36. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
25%
El Nino
Thermokarst
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
37. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Ocean water
Sublimation
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
How a closed talik forms
38. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Greenhouse Gases
Ice loss
Climate Change in the Arctic
% of Greenhouse Gases
39. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Wetter; drier
Radiative Forcing
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Heat wave
40. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG
Greenland
GHG
30%
Ice-Ocean Interactions
41. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Grounding Lines
Global warming and hot nights?
42. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Active Layer
Permafrost Degradation
summer
43. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
How talik forms under lakes
El Nino
Ice/snow
Cloud Feedbacks
44. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ice Motion
Monthly maximums and minimums
Surface Mass Balance
Ice loss
45. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Surface Mass Balance
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Global warming and hot nights?
Permafrost
46. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Antarctica
The Ozone Hole
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Where rise in OC is greatest
47. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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48. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Open talik
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Stronger
Grounding Lines
49. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Longwave Radiation
air can warm dramatically
Thermohaline Circulation
Methane
50. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
How a closed talik forms
Permafrost Degradation
Calving
Strong
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