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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
US and precipitation
Warm
reduction in sea-ice
Negative
2. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
What effects the density
Hydrological Drought
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
winter
3. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
US and precipitation
Heat wave
Wetter; drier
Percentile departures
4. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
How we measure Mass Balance
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
5. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Thermokarst
Grounding v Surface Melting
Sublimation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
6. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
US and precipitation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Importance of ice sheets
7. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
Permafrost
Thermohaline Circulation
Negative
8. More common
Rainy
Permafrost Degradation
Inversion Layer Winter
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
9. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic
Importance of ice sheets
Where rise in OC is greatest
Albedos of Snow and Ice
winter
10. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Troposphere
Very small portion
.7O Celsius over the past century.
1 m/yr; 10x
11. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Closed talik
.75OC/km-1
12. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Archimedes' Principle
Surface Mass Balance
Positive
13. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
La Nia
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Thermohaline Circulation
14. High vs low
Ice loss
Cloud Feedbacks
Dynamic thinning
IPCC
15. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Ice Sheets
Antarctica
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Atmospheric Structure
16. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Ice/snow
Agricultural Drought
Atmospheric Composition?
Grounding Lines
17. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
Inversion Layer Winter
Ocean water
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ozone
18. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ozone
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Grounding Lines
19. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Monthly maximums and minimums
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Black Carbon
Positive
20. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
La Nia
Longwave Radiation
Why the Arctic climate is special
Atmospheric Structure
21. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Radiative Flux
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Earth's tilt
Calving
22. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Methane
El Nino
Atmospheric Circulation
70%
23. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Open talik
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
24. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
20%
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Inversion Layer Summer
25. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
El Nino
Air pollution
In the stratosphere.
26. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Infrared radiation
Grounding Lines
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice Sheets
27. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
Time Variable Gravity
Ice Cap
Monthly maximums and minimums
Mass Balance
28. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Severe coastal erosion
Talik
Increases - decreases
29. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Carbon Dioxide
How a closed talik forms
Grounding Lines
30. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
IPCC
Importance of ice sheets
31. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Inversion Layer Summer
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Greenland
32. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Atmospheric Structure
45%
Greenhouse Gases
33. The difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy - A measure of the net energy.
Inversion Layer Summer
Radiative Forcing
Methane
Today melting ice
34. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Indirect heat wave effect
Grounding v Surface Melting
45%
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
35. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Dry
Shortwave Length
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
More rain means no drought
36. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Heat wave
Radiative Flux
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Dry
37. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
Mass Budget
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Calving
38. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Permafrost Degradation
Sublimation
Permafrost
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
39. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Accumulation
Albedos of Snow and Ice
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Reduction in sea-ice extent
40. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Ozone
Mass Balance
Mass Change
41. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Importance of ice sheets
How talik forms under lakes
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Severe coastal erosion
42. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Atmospheric Circulation
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Threshold departures
43. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Calving
Grounding Lines
Today melting ice
Longwave Radiation
44. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Normal condition for air
Arctic Atmosphere
What happens with the Ozone Hole
45. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Talik
Atmospheric Circulation
Heat wave
46. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Antarctica
% of Greenhouse Gases
Indirect heat wave effect
47. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
What effects the density
Wetter; drier
50%
48. Measures input and output.
Earth's tilt
Atmospheric Composition
Mass Budget
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
49. 85%
Greenhouse Gases
Sea-Ice Albedo
Mass Budget
Reduction in sea-ice extent
50. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
1 m/yr; 10x
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
All Greenhouse gases
Radiative Forcing