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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
.75OC/km-1
Severe coastal erosion
Ice absorbs
Permafrost Degradation
2. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Frozen Soil
Sunspots
Ice Discharge
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
3. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Air pollution
Ocean water
Altimetry Pros
Threshold departures
4. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
25%
% of Greenhouse Gases
Ice Cap
1 m/yr; 10x
5. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ice loss
Time Variable Gravity
6. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Layers of Earth
All Greenhouse gases
Ice Cap
7. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Dynamic thinning
summer
Thermokarst Lake
Albedo
8. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Ice Shelf
Affect Floods and Droughts
9. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Greenhouse Gases
70%
summer
10. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Altimetry Cons
Grounding Lines
11. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Increases - decreases
Calving
Rainy
12. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice in the Arctic
Ice absorbs
Permafrost Degradation
Ice Motion
13. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Ice Cap
Radiative Flux
Troposphere
Black Carbon
14. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Indirect heat wave effect
Heat wave
Sea-Ice Albedo
15. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Strong
50%
Ocean water
16. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
25%
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Infrared radiation
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
17. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Atmospheric Structure
Ice Shelf
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
70%
18. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Warm
Affect Floods and Droughts
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
19. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Surface Mass Balance
Permafrost
30%
20. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
What effects the density
Dry
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Grounding v Surface Melting
21. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Methane
Normal condition for air
Ice Sheets
Why the Arctic climate is special
22. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Antarctica
summer
Increases - decreases
Shortwave Length
23. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Radiative Forcing
Depth v Surface
Ozone Hole
24. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Today melting ice
1 m/yr; 10x
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
All Greenhouse gases
25. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Thermohaline Circulation
Dynamic thinning
Grounding Lines
25%
26. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Shortwave Length
More rain means no drought
Severe coastal erosion
In the troposphere that we live in.
27. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Black Carbon
Radiative Flux
More rain means no drought
Precipitation and High Latitudes
28. How often does El Nio occur?
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Once every 4 years.
45%
29. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Ice loss
air can warm dramatically
Heat Source and Pressure
Monthly maximums and minimums
30. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ice Discharge
Ice shelf
Absolute thresholds
31. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
.7O Celsius over the past century.
How to define a heatwave
Ocean water
32. Nitrogen (N2 78%) and Oxygen (O2 21%) - Their linear 2 atom molecular structure
Ice/snow
Atmospheric Composition
Inversion Layer Winter
70%
33. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice Sheets
In the stratosphere.
Ozone
34. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Global warming and hot nights?
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Grounding Lines
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
35. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Antarctica
% of Greenhouse Gases
How we measure Mass Balance
36. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Ice Discharge
Monthly maximums and minimums
Questions to think about
Radiative Forcing
37. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Surface Mass Balance
Frozen Soil
Importance of ice sheets
38. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Increases - decreases
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Today melting ice
39. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
How talik forms under lakes
Antarctica
Air pollution
40. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Open talik
50%
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Permafrost
41. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Energy Budget
Mass Balance
30%
Reduction in sea-ice extent
42. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Surface Mass Balance
Increases - decreases
50%
Active Layer
43. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
.75OC/km-1
Discontinuous
Precipitation and High Latitudes
44. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Sea Ice
70%
45. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Atmospheric Circulation
Hydrological Drought
Depth v Surface
46. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Atmospheric Circulation
Thinner atmosphere
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Altimetry
47. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Absolute thresholds
Radiative Flux
Thermohaline Circulation
48. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
How a closed talik forms
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Talik
20%
49. Really measures volume.
Atmospheric Circulation
Negative
Altimetry
Questions to think about
50. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
Albedo
Sublimation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Ice/snow