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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
.75OC/km-1
Air pollution
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Inversion Layer Summer
2. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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3. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Archimedes' Principle
Arctic Atmosphere
4. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Black Carbon
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice absorbs
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
5. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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6. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
winter
Thermokarst Lake
Positive
7. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
Thermohaline Circulation
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Greenland
Why the Arctic climate is special
8. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
How a closed talik forms
Mass Budget
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
45%
9. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
All Greenhouse gases
air can warm dramatically
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
US and precipitation
10. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
El Nio is in the coasts of...
45%
11. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Ice loss
Importance of ice sheets
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Shelf
12. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Hydrological Drought
Natural Causes of Warming
Thermokarst
Atmospheric Composition?
13. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Heat Source and Pressure
Albedos of Snow and Ice
75-OC
14. Mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation-evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc...
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Surface Mass Balance
Ozone
In the troposphere that we live in.
15. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
50%
Closed talik
Longwave Radiation
16. Total absorbed solar radiation
70%
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Talik
17. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Surface Mass Balance
Types of Albedo
Ice-Albedo
Atmospheric Composition?
18. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Altimetry (height)
Methane
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
19. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Ice Discharge
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Sea Ice
20. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Radiative Flux
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Ice loss
Sunspots
21. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Strong
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Surface Mass Balance
22. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Natural Causes of Warming
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
23. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
75-OC
Dry
Thermohaline Circulation
24. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Permafrost Degradation
Layers of Earth
.75OC/km-1
In the troposphere that we live in.
25. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
How to define a heatwave
Methane
Grounding Lines
Talik
26. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
doubles
Strong
Very small portion
30%
27. Cooler water and drought conditions.
Percentile departures
La Nia
Natural Causes of Warming
Earth's tilt
28. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Atmospheric Circulation
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
How talik forms under lakes
Threshold departures
29. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Monthly maximums and minimums
Global warming and hot nights?
Altimetry Cons
30. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
% of Greenhouse Gases
Meteorological Drought
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Antarctica
31. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Importance of ice sheets
Ice Shelf
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
32. 240 w/m squared
Thermokarst
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Agricultural Drought
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
33. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Today melting ice
Ice-Albedo
Ice Shelf
34. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Accumulation
% of Greenhouse Gases
35. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Shortwave Length
Infrared radiation
winter
Longwave Radiation
36. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
All Greenhouse gases
doubles
37. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Surface Mass Balance
Absolute thresholds
Threshold departures
Very small portion
38. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
reduction in sea-ice
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Inversion Layer Summer
39. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
70%
Altimetry Cons
Ocean water
Ice Discharge
40. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Ocean water
Dynamic thinning
25%
The Ozone Hole
41. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
Greenland
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Grounding Lines
Heat Source and Pressure
42. Measures input and output.
Mass Budget
Warming; cooling
Inversion Layer Summer
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
43. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Ice Cap
Ice Sheets
Hydrological Drought
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
44. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Grounding Lines
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ice shelf
Time Variable Gravity
45. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Thermokarst
Mass Balance
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Inversion Layer Winter
46. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Positive
Ice loss
Calving
47. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Severe coastal erosion
Ice-Ocean Interactions
30%
Arctic Atmosphere
48. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Antarctica
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Permafrost
75-OC
49. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Global warming and hot nights?
50%
50. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Carbon Dioxide
Mass Change
Black Carbon
Importance of ice sheets
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