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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Heat Source and Pressure
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
doubles
2. Where does the ozone protect us?
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
How talik forms under lakes
In the stratosphere.
3. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
Ice Motion
Global warming and hot nights?
Frozen Soil
Permafrost Degradation
4. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Inversion Layer Winter
Sunspots
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
5. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Ice Sheets
50%
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Accumulation
6. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Dynamic thinning
Sublimation
Hydrological Drought
Once every 4 years.
7. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Surface Mass Balance
Ice in the Arctic
Thinner atmosphere
La Nia
8. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Earth's tilt
Ice loss
Methane
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
9. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
7%
Energy Budget
IPCC
10. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Types of Albedo
Grounding Lines
Atmospheric Circulation
Hydrological Drought
11. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Sunspots
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Discontinuous
reduction in sea-ice
12. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Thermohaline Circulation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Agricultural Drought
Altimetry Cons
13. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
.75OC/km-1
45%
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
14. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Closed talik
Severe coastal erosion
Ocean water
Greenhouse Gases
15. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
winter
Heat Source and Pressure
Grounding Lines
Thermohaline Circulatoin
16. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
Ozone Hole
Layers of Earth
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Thermokarst
17. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
Ocean water
Affect Floods and Droughts
Thinner atmosphere
reduction in sea-ice
18. A climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels - biofuel - and biomass; emitted both anthropogenic:ally and naturally.
Thermokarst
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Black Carbon
Infrared radiation
19. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Energy Budget
Ice shelf
Atmospheric Composition
Accumulation
20. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
7%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
21. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
Frozen Soil
Arctic Atmosphere
Infrared radiation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
22. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Normal condition for air
Methane
How we measure Mass Balance
Active Layer
23. Measures input and output.
Mass Budget
summer
Negative
Ozone Hole
24. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
30%
Permafrost
Ozone
25. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Normal condition for air
Thermohaline Circulation
Sunspots
30%
26. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Atmospheric Circulation
Troposphere
Energy Budget
Thermokarst Lake
27. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Thermokarst Lake
Heat wave
Grounding Lines
Surface Mass Balance
28. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Accumulation
Dry
Questions to think about
How we measure Mass Balance
29. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Negative
Ozone
How to define a heatwave
30. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Ice Sheets
winter
Dynamic thinning
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
31. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Surface Mass Balance
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Natural Causes of Warming
El Nio is in the coasts of...
32. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Ice Cap
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Closed talik
Longwave Radiation
33. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Increases - decreases
Warming; cooling
Surface Mass Balance
34. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
La Nia
25%
Arctic Atmosphere
Indirect heat wave effect
35. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Agricultural Drought
Frozen Soil
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
How a closed talik forms
36. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Altimetry (height)
Infrared radiation
Longwave Radiation
Sunspots
37. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ice in the Arctic
Calving
Cloud Feedbacks
38. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Ice shelf
Permafrost
Calving
39. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Time Variable Gravity
Energy Budget
Surface Mass Balance
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
40. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Discontinuous
Natural Causes of Warming
41. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Meteorological Drought
Atmospheric Structure
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Albedo
42. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Radiative Forcing
Antarctica
Ozone Hole
25%
43. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Atmospheric Circulation
Thermohaline Circulation
% of Greenhouse Gases
44. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
GHG
Ocean water
US and precipitation
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
45. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Affect Floods and Droughts
doubles
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Air pollution
46. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice
Atmospheric Composition
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Ice shelf
.7O Celsius over the past century.
47. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
GHG
Thermokarst
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Air pollution
48. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Through talik
Dry
Radiative Flux
49. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Black Carbon
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Sheets
Negative
50. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Permafrost Degradation
Indirect heat wave effect
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice shelf