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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Altimetry Pros
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Wetter; drier
7%
2. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Today melting ice
Surface Mass Balance
air can warm dramatically
3. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Warming; cooling
Greenland
Why the Arctic climate is special
4. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Methane
Ozone Hole
Heat Source and Pressure
Rainy
5. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Troposphere
Ice Shelf
Stronger
6. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
GHG
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Ice Sheets
7. Over the Northern Hemisphere than the tropics.
The cryosphere
El Nino
Percentile departures
Where rise in OC is greatest
8. Antarctica - stratosphere - Sep-Oct
The cryosphere
Thinner atmosphere
Grounding Lines
Ozone Hole
9. Ice flowing from the middle of Greenland to the edges and melting. 90 feet a day- speed that ice is moving.
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Antarctica
Altimetry Pros
Ice Discharge
10. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Ozone Hole
Thermokarst Lake
IPCC
Talik
11. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
How talik forms under lakes
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
12. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Natural Causes of Warming
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice Cap
Ice Motion
13. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Ozone Hole
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Melt
14. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
GHG
Permafrost Degradation
Natural Causes of Warming
Strong
15. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Ice absorbs
Surface Mass Balance
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
16. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Sublimation
Ozone
17. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Methane
Types of Albedo
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
In the stratosphere.
18. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Sunspots
US and precipitation
Ice in the Arctic
How we measure Mass Balance
19. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Earth's tilt
Inversion Layer Winter
Very small portion
20. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Grounding Lines
Why the Arctic climate is special
La Nia
Once every 4 years.
21. SALTY WATER = MORE DENSE - Maximum density at 4OC - This is why ice melting is a big deal; if the whole circle slows down - Ice bergs are fresh water higher sea level rise.
Dry
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
What effects the density
US and precipitation
22. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Questions to think about
Heat Source and Pressure
Ice Discharge
23. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
% of Greenhouse Gases
How a closed talik forms
Affect Floods and Droughts
Normal condition for air
24. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Heat wave
25%
Rainy
Greenland
25. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
7%
Dry
Atmospheric Composition
Ice Shelf
26. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ocean water
Percentile departures
Earth's tilt
GHG
27. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Grounding Lines
Active Layer
Ice Discharge
28. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
doubles
Questions to think about
Grounding v Surface Melting
29. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Surface Mass Balance
Ice/snow
Depth v Surface
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
30. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Importance of ice sheets
Calving
El Nino
7%
31. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
1 m/yr; 10x
How we measure Mass Balance
Sea Ice
Dry
32. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Ice shelf
Affect Floods and Droughts
50%
Hydrological Drought
33. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ice Sheets
Layers of Earth
Severe coastal erosion
34. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Altimetry
Positive
35. High vs low
Affect Floods and Droughts
Cloud Feedbacks
75-OC
Albedo
36. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Where rise in OC is greatest
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Thermohaline Circulation
Infrared radiation
37. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Heat Source and Pressure
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice Sheets
38. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Reduction in sea-ice extent
Inversion Layer Winter
39. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
Agricultural Drought
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Accumulation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
40. Is best viewed as a combination of...- Natural Variability - Associated with atmospheric circulation patterns - Growing Radiative Forcing - Associated with rising concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases - Strongly suggests a human influence.
Ozone Hole
Mass Change
Ice loss
1 m/yr; 10x
41. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Inversion Layer Winter
Very small portion
Dynamic thinning
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
42. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Accumulation
Radiative Forcing
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
43. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Mass Change
45%
Heat wave
Ice absorbs
44. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Atmospheric Composition?
Where rise in OC is greatest
Ice Cap
Grounding Lines
45. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Precipitation and High Latitudes
How to define a heatwave
More rain means no drought
Where rise in OC is greatest
46. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Depth v Surface
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
In the stratosphere.
Black Carbon
47. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Depth v Surface
winter
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
48. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Frozen Soil
Ice Sheets
Calving
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
49. Over the past century what has happened to the Earth's temperature?
IPCC
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Altimetry Cons
Warming; cooling
50. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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