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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Surface Mass Balance
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Monthly maximums and minimums
2. InSAR - +snow/-ice loss - ice dynamics - requires a lot of data.
Questions to think about
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
Ice Motion
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
3. Concentration of 380 ppmv - Have risen about 40% - Preindustrial~ 270~280 ppmv
Warming; cooling
Carbon Dioxide
70%
1 m/yr; 10x
4. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
Ice absorbs
Altimetry
Ice shelf
Inversion Layer (feedback)
5. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Grounding Lines
Closed talik
30%
Severe coastal erosion
6. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Importance of ice sheets
Agricultural Drought
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Altimetry (height)
7. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
More rain means no drought
Methane
El Nino
8. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Longwave Radiation
Ice absorbs
summer
9. A dome shaped cover of perennial ice and snow.
Ice Cap
Severe coastal erosion
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Time Variable Gravity
10. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
summer
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
30%
11. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Dry
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Altimetry Pros
.7O Celsius over the past century.
12. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
30%
Mass Change
Climate Change in the Arctic
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
13. How much is the planet really warming?
Thermokarst
Ice Sheets
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Atmospheric Circulation
14. Summer increase in cloud cover - Winter decrease in cloud cover.
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183
15. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
In the stratosphere.
Ozone Hole
GHG
Atmospheric Structure
16. 1. Land usage changes 2. Seasonal timing 3. Rising CO2 levels may be a factor
La Nia
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Affect Floods and Droughts
All Greenhouse gases
17. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Discontinuous
Mass Budget
In the stratosphere.
Talik
18. Clouds 40~90% - Vegetation 10~15%
Natural Causes of Warming
Why the Arctic climate is special
Where rise in OC is greatest
Types of Albedo
19. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Indirect heat wave effect
45%
Altimetry Pros
How we measure Mass Balance
20. When meltwater seeps through a flowing glacier - it can lubricate the base and hasten the glacier's seaward flow.
Open talik
Affect Floods and Droughts
Dynamic thinning
Agricultural Drought
21. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Sea-Ice Albedo
More rain means no drought
Ocean water
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
22. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Accumulation
US and precipitation
Ice Discharge
The Ozone Hole
23. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Indirect heat wave effect
In the stratosphere.
Methane
24. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Importance of ice sheets
Atmospheric Composition
Greenland
Sunspots
25. Amount of light absorbed by surface
50%
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Mass Budget
Air pollution
26. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Ice Motion
Antarctica
Albedo
Affect Floods and Droughts
27. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Atmospheric Composition?
Where rise in OC is greatest
Warming; cooling
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
28. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Affect Floods and Droughts
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Methane
29. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
Ice Cap
Mass Budget
IPCC
Ice Motion
30. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Thermokarst Lake
75-OC
air can warm dramatically
31. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Black Carbon
Archimedes' Principle
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
32. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
50%
Ice loss
Albedos of Snow and Ice
33. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Methane
Negative
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
El Nio is in the coasts of...
34. Atmosphere retains ____ CO2
More rain means no drought
45%
doubles
Warming; cooling
35. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Mass Change
Methane
Infrared radiation
50%
36. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Percentile departures
Ice loss
Severe coastal erosion
What happens with the Ozone Hole
37. 342 W/m squared - DWEC - These things reflect sunlight (30%): water vapor - clouds - dust particles - earth's surface
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Ocean water
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Grounding v Surface Melting
38. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Antarctica
Ocean water
% of Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Gases
39. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Antarctica
Surface Mass Balance
Absolute thresholds
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
40. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Today melting ice
Infrared radiation
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
41. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Grounding Lines
Surface Mass Balance
US and precipitation
Questions to think about
42. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Atmospheric Structure
Thermohaline Circulation
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Energy Budget
43. 240 w/m squared
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
winter
More rain means no drought
Greenhouse Gases
44. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Methane
Active Layer
Strong
Why the Arctic climate is special
45. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Mass Balance
Depth v Surface
46. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Mass Change
Ice-Albedo
30%
reduction in sea-ice
47. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Open talik
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Very small portion
Atmospheric Composition?
48. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Why the Arctic climate is special
Radiative Flux
Atmospheric Structure
Types of Albedo
49. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Thermokarst
El Nino
30%
Questions to think about
50. Betts et al found that: if CO-2 __________ this has a physiological effect on plant transpiration increased simulated runoff by 6% b. How? i. More CO2 1. Plants pores open less 2. This reduces transpiration 3. More water in the land surface
Methane
doubles
1 m/yr; 10x
summer