Test your basic knowledge |

Global Warming

Subjects : literacy, science
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.

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2. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo






3. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!






4. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.






5. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.






6. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.






7. SMB- mass balance due to processes that affect the surface of the ice sheet. Precipitation- evapotranspiration-runoff-blowing snow etc.






8. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.






9. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.






10. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation






11. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.






12. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface






13. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.






14. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water






15. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






16. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.






17. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second






18. They saw a massive thinning of the ice where it enters into the ocean - This is due to the pronounced melting of the ice once it is in contact with the ocean. Melt rates of 25 m/year near the grounding lines and more than 10 m/year on average.






19. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.






20. CO2 GHG forcing - H2O - dominant/major GHG






21. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.






22. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic






23. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.






24. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward






25. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.






26. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)






27. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water






28. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.

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29. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.






30. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.






31. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.






32. Melting Point decreases






33. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.






34. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.






35. In ________- inversion layer is more common in the Arctic






36. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m






37. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.






38. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.






39. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi






40. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect






41. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth






42. In _______ - the inversions are less frequent and weaker in the Arctic.






43. Sea ice extent in Antarctica is rapidly reducing. Seasonal variability. People - Animals and Ice






44. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.






45. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).






46. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.






47. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.






48. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.






49. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate






50. Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.