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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ozone
The cryosphere
Sea Ice
2. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Altimetry Pros
Once every 4 years.
Absolute thresholds
Thinner atmosphere
3. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Troposphere
Ice shelf
Mass Budget
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
4. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
Positive feedbacks both found in...
20%
Altimetry
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
5. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Carbon Dioxide
Ice Discharge
Ocean water
Today melting ice
6. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Inversion Layer Winter
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
30%
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
7. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
% of Greenhouse Gases
How talik forms under lakes
8. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice Discharge
Antarctica
What happens with the Ozone Hole
9. The Earth emits this.
Thermokarst Lake
Longwave Radiation
summer
Grounding Lines
10. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Inversion Layer Winter
Inversion Layer Summer
Agricultural Drought
Monthly maximums and minimums
11. Like weighing oneself on the scale.
20%
Why the Arctic climate is special
Time Variable Gravity
Thermohaline Circulatoin
12. 78% nitrogen - 28% oxygen - Greenhouse gases: Have a more complex molecular structure and can absorb and re:radiate heat in all directions.
Atmospheric Composition?
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Depth v Surface
Greenland
13. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
The cryosphere
Ice absorbs
Thermokarst
Layers of Earth
14. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Positive
reduction in sea-ice
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Inversion Layer Winter
15. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
doubles
Air pollution
Why the Arctic climate is special
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
16. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
.75OC/km-1
Inversion Layer Summer
All Greenhouse gases
Ice Sheets
17. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Heat wave
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Sunspots
Carbon Dioxide
18. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Natural Causes of Warming
Negative
Ozone
Rainy
19. Less frequent and weaker
Inversion Layer Summer
Mass Change
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Radiative Forcing
20. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Air pollution
Atmospheric Composition?
Altimetry Pros
70%
21. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Ozone
Sunspots
Ozone Hole
Severe coastal erosion
22. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Inversion Layer Summer
More rain means no drought
Mass Change
23. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Thermokarst Lake
30%
Percentile departures
24. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
Positive
Antarctica
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Atmospheric Composition
25. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Frozen Soil
Ice loss
Thermokarst
Infrared radiation
26. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding Lines
Global warming and hot nights?
How to define a heatwave
30%
27. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Heat wave
GHG
How we measure Mass Balance
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
28. Ocean retains ____ CO2
Permafrost
45%
Layers of Earth
25%
29. Extent will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean.
Depth v Surface
Percentile departures
Ice-Ocean Interactions
reduction in sea-ice
30. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
winter
What effects the density
Atmospheric Structure
31. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Ozone Hole
Heat wave
Melt
Radiative Flux
32. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Mass Budget
Talik
Atmospheric Structure
33. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Natural Causes of Warming
Antarctica
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
34. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Ice absorbs
Radiative Flux
Infrared radiation
More rain means no drought
35. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ice in the Arctic
reduction in sea-ice
36. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Ice-Ocean Interactions
Ocean water
Antarctica
20%
37. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Through talik
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Arctic Atmosphere
GHG
38. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Surface Mass Balance
Thermokarst
La Nia
Talik
39. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
All Greenhouse gases
Mass Balance
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Atmospheric Composition?
40. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
Heat Source and Pressure
Layers of Earth
How we measure Mass Balance
summer
41. High vs low
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Cloud Feedbacks
42. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
Heat Source and Pressure
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
45%
Strong
43. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
What effects the density
winter
Ice-Albedo
Global warming and hot nights?
44. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
45. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Ice Sheets
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
46. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
How talik forms under lakes
Energy Budget
47. Just remember the general direction of the circulation - Rising northern pacific. You start in between Greenland and Europe (youngest water) - Oldest water is in the Pacific Ocean - Salty water> fresh water - Cold Water > Warm Water
GHG
Climate Change in the Arctic
Energy Budget
Thermohaline Circulation
48. 85%
Surface Mass Balance
Ice Cap
Sea-Ice Albedo
Permafrost
49. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Today melting ice
Grounding v Surface Melting
Negative
50. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Sea Ice
Cloud Feedbacks
Antarctica
How a closed talik forms