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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Global warming and hot nights?
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Open talik
Altimetry (height)
2. Cooler water and drought conditions.
La Nia
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Permafrost
Dynamic thinning
3. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
How a closed talik forms
Ocean water
% of Greenhouse Gases
air can warm dramatically
4. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Thermohaline Circulation
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Active Layer
5. Fresh snow and snow-covered sea ice may have an albedo higher than 80% - even when melting in the summer. Sea ice has a higher albedo and can absorb as little as 10% of the solar energy. On average - sea ice albedo is around 85%
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Atmospheric Circulation
Percentile departures
Albedos of Snow and Ice
6. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Air pollution
Talik
Ice in the Arctic
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
7. Frozen +2 years - Few centimeters to 1500 m
Absolute thresholds
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Permafrost
Increases - decreases
8. Water vapor - 36-70% - carbon dioxide - 9-26% - methane - 4-9% - ozone - 3-7%
Ice-Albedo
% of Greenhouse Gases
Altimetry (height)
Troposphere
9. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ozone Hole
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Mass Budget
10. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Air pollution
30%
Ice in the Arctic
11. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Altimetry (height)
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Archimedes' Principle
Precipitation and High Latitudes
12. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Permafrost Degradation
Ice absorbs
Earth's tilt
Climate Change in the Arctic
13. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Albedos of Snow and Ice
Shortwave Length
Methane
Very small portion
14. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Depth v Surface
In the troposphere that we live in.
Ice in the Arctic
Black Carbon
15. Amount of light absorbed by atmosphere
20%
How talik forms under lakes
IN the last 2 decades what we've seen
Ice loss
16. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Arctic Atmosphere
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
7%
Talik
17. The high pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting - Melt water being less dense rises along the water column along the ice shelf bottom and may either escape the cavity or refreeze at some intermediate depth. Melting point decreases:
Thermohaline Circulation
Closed talik
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Methane
18. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
Grounding Lines
1 m/yr; 10x
Greenland
Methane
19. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Longwave Radiation
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Air pollution
50%
20. O The amount of energy moving in the form of photons or other elementary particles at a certain distance from the source per unit of area per second. Area/second
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Radiative Flux
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
21. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Grounding Lines
Ice in the Arctic
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Inversion Layer (feedback)
22. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Frozen Soil
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
summer
23. 1. We live in troposphere. Greenhouse gases here warm up the Earth 2. Above stratosphere. The ozone in this layer protects us.
45%
Layers of Earth
Questions to think about
The cryosphere
24. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Arctic Atmosphere
Very small portion
Thermokarst
25. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Longwave Radiation
Meteorological Drought
How we measure Mass Balance
Archimedes' Principle
26. Warming- positive feedback - Cooling- negative feedback.
Ice-Albedo
45%
Where rise in OC is greatest
Heat wave
27. How often does El Nio occur?
US and precipitation
Types of Albedo
Once every 4 years.
Antarctica
28. Thawing permafrost weakens coastal lands. Risk of flooding in coastal wetlands. Pollution and toxins locked in the snow and ice will be released.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Surface Mass Balance
Longwave Radiation
Severe coastal erosion
29. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Albedo
Archimedes' Principle
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
30. The large-scale ocean circulation that moves water between the deep and surface ocean which effects salinity and temperature change - Supplies heat to the polar-regions.
Ice Motion
Layers of Earth
Greenhouse Gases
Thermohaline Circulation Effect
31. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Permafrost
Ice/snow
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
summer
32. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Permafrost
Meteorological Drought
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
33. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Thermokarst
Discontinuous
Longwave Radiation
34. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
Strong
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Troposphere
Shortwave Length
35. A thick - floating slab of freshwater ice extending from coast to coast.
Antarctica
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
El Nino
Ice shelf
36. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Agricultural Drought
Once every 4 years.
Radiative Forcing
winter
37. Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location: most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
Dry
Ozone Hole
Atmospheric Composition?
The Ozone Hole
38. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
Negative
Warming; cooling
Altimetry
How to define a heatwave
39. Where do greenhouse gases warm up the Earth?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
In the troposphere that we live in.
Arctic Atmosphere
Warming; cooling
40. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
Ice shelf
Today melting ice
Melt
Indirect heat wave effect
41. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
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42. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
US and precipitation
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Increases - decreases
43. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Ice Sheets
Stronger
Archimedes' Principle
Depth v Surface
44. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
Sea-Ice Albedo
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Thermohaline Circulatoin
The Ozone Hole
45. x7 smaller - 7m total sea level equivalent.
Black Carbon
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Greenland
Cloud Feedbacks
46. Ocean retains ____ CO2
25%
Warm
7%
Normal condition for air
47. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Ocean water
Atmospheric Circulation
Greenland
Threshold departures
48. The Day After Tomorrow - Circulation will slow by 10% to 50% in the next century
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Active Layer
Altimetry Pros
49. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Positive
Thinner atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
Very small portion
50. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Radiative Forcing
Why the Arctic climate is special
Thermohaline Circulation
Black Carbon