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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
Ice Shelf
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Melt
Open talik
2. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Air pollution
Arctic Atmosphere
Archimedes' Principle
Types of Albedo
3. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
La Nia
Sea Ice
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Antarctica
4. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Longwave Radiation
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Antarctica
Ozone Hole
5. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Ice absorbs
Warming; cooling
IPCC
6. 240 w/m squared
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
Ice-Albedo
Ice absorbs
7. 20% human produced CO2 emissions. Tropical forests hold around 50% of the carbon present in vegetation on Earth.
50%
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Sunspots
Greenland
8. CO2 ____ in winter in the NH and ____ decreases during the 'greening season'
Ice absorbs
Depth v Surface
Increases - decreases
Radiative Flux
9. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Sea Ice
Atmospheric Composition?
Normal condition for air
Antarctica
10. Total absorbed solar radiation
30%
Time Variable Gravity
70%
Air pollution
11. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Ice Sheets
Altimetry Cons
Heat wave
Arctic Atmosphere
12. The Earth emits this.
Longwave Radiation
Grounding Lines
Percentile departures
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
13. Ozone layer in high stratosphere (25-40 km altitude) absorbs about 95-99% of ultraviolet radiation.
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Ozone Hole
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
20%
14. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Permafrost
Arctic Atmosphere
Strong
Sublimation
15. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Absolute thresholds
Through talik
Wetter; drier
16. Cooler water and drought conditions.
More rain means no drought
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
Threshold departures
La Nia
17. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
doubles
Altimetry
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
18. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Ice/snow
50%
Strong
El Nino
19. The warmer the temperature - the deeper the active layer - thaws and refreezes every year - Permafrost below freezing for two or more years.
75-OC
Active Layer
Monthly maximums and minimums
air can warm dramatically
20. How often does El Nio occur?
Ice/snow
Ocean water
Once every 4 years.
Active Layer
21. The order of 1 m/year. Melting is ten times more.
Rainy
Ice Sheets
Surface Mass Balance
50%
22. O Climate change in the Arctic is occurring now - Changes have been huge already
What effects the density
How we measure Mass Balance
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Today melting ice
23. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
How talik forms under lakes
Calving
Altimetry Pros
Grounding Lines
24. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Atmospheric Structure
All Greenhouse gases
Surface Mass Balance
Inversion Layer (feedback)
25. LW - SW - 55% absorbed by surface
Active Layer
Albedo
Energy Budget
75-OC
26. Grace - Tells us how much mass change we have - M - This is the measure of gravity (gives us the mass) - Directly measure mass change - Poor resolution
Increases - decreases
Where rise in OC is greatest
Energy Budget
Mass Change
27. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Percentile departures
Ice in the Arctic
Sea Ice
% of Greenhouse Gases
28. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
Thermokarst Lake
Stronger
Calving
29. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
Today melting ice
Monthly maximums and minimums
In the troposphere that we live in.
Thermohaline Circulation
30. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Hydrological Drought
Dry
Altimetry
Threshold departures
31. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
Wetter; drier
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Atmospheric Composition
Methane
32. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
25%
Mass Balance
US and precipitation
Severe coastal erosion
33. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Methane
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
More rain means no drought
Warm
34. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Dynamic thinning
Types of Albedo
Grounding Lines
7%
35. Pollution: heat and sunlight cook the air and the chemical compounds which are in it. This combines with the nitrogen oxide and creates 'smog'. This makes breathing difficult for those with respiratory ailments.
Sublimation
Ocean water
Indirect heat wave effect
Ozone
36. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Energy Budget
Grounding Lines
Dry
Shortwave Length
37. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Once every 4 years.
Ice/snow
Inversion Layer (feedback)
38. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
Ocean water
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Warm
Ice loss
39. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
Mass Balance
7%
Radiative Flux
50%
40. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
Ice/snow
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Severe coastal erosion
La Nia
41. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Permafrost Degradation
Surface Mass Balance
Climate Change in the Arctic
Absolute thresholds
42. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Natural Causes of Warming
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
All Greenhouse gases
How a closed talik forms
43. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Layers of Earth
Warm
Infrared radiation
Types of Albedo
44. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
reduction in sea-ice
30%
Grounding v Surface Melting
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
45. 85%
The Ozone Hole
Sea-Ice Albedo
Active Layer
doubles
46. Industrial product - 300 ppb (parts per billion)
Ice Shelf
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Grounding Lines
Absolute thresholds
47. More common
Frozen Soil
Inversion Layer Winter
Black Carbon
Surface Mass Balance
48. Land Based Ecosystems retain ____ CO2.
Mass Budget
30%
Active Layer
Thermohaline Circulatoin
49. 1. They are the largest contributor to sea level rise 2. Can affect the thermohaline circulation (mainly in Greenland) 3. Are directly connected to climate change
Antarctica
Heat wave
Importance of ice sheets
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
50. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
All Greenhouse gases
Ice/snow
20%
Thermohaline Circulation