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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Ice loss
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Atmospheric Structure
2. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Through talik
reduction in sea-ice
In the troposphere that we live in.
Strong
3. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Altimetry
Talik
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Permafrost
4. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
US and precipitation
Ice loss
Ocean water
5. Long time series started in the '70s and yielding good data in the '90s - Detects elevation with high accuracy: 10 cm precision (laser) to 1 m (radar) - 2/3 Gravity Surveys (GRACE) - Weighing the total mass every 30 days - Direct monthly estimate
Altimetry Pros
Absolute thresholds
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
6. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Radiative Flux
Altimetry
Through talik
Closed talik
7. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Hydrological Drought
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
Closed talik
winter
8. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Atmospheric Structure
Wetter; drier
20%
9. Water vapor means more water up in the clouds and less in the ground!
Greenland
More rain means no drought
Types of Albedo
Sea Ice
10. Taliks are found under lakes because of the ability of water to store and vertically transfer heat energy - Vertical extent of the taliks found under lakes is related to the depth and volume of the overlying water body.
Surface Mass Balance
Ice/snow
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
How talik forms under lakes
11. In average: +1% in respect to 100 years ago.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
El Nino
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
% of Greenhouse Gases
12. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
7%
Natural Causes of Warming
Sea Ice
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
13. 85%
Sea-Ice Albedo
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Inversion Layer (feedback)
How to define a heatwave
14. Forms in a mosaic of favoured locations.
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Affect Floods and Droughts
The Ozone Hole
Antarctica
15. Is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some 'normal' or average amount
Questions to think about
Meteorological Drought
Indirect heat wave effect
Where rise in OC is greatest
16. This is the total mass change - difference between input and outputs—snow accumulation-ablation.
GHG
La Nia
Warming; cooling
Mass Balance
17. Temperature needed to melt at depth is much lower than that needed to melt at the surface.
Ocean water
Depth v Surface
Percentile departures
Ice Sheets
18. 1.4 USA - 57 m total sea level equivalent
Atmospheric Composition
Arctic Atmosphere
1 m/yr; 10x
Antarctica
19. How much is the planet really warming?
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Global warming and hot nights?
The Ozone Hole
Surface Mass Balance
20. A mass of land ice - continental or sub-continental in extent - and thick enough to cover most of the underlying bedrock topography - If you have a warm ocean - it will melt the ice sheet. Its shape is mainly determined by the dynamics of its outward
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Ice Sheets
Ice-Albedo
21. Much of the Arctic is overlain by snow and sea ice (land ice and sea ice) - It makes warming a much bigger deal in the Arctic
Wetter; drier
Rainy
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
Grounding Lines
22. In troposphere = greenhouse warming gas - However - most of it is in the stratosphere.
Ozone
Ozone Hole
Active Layer
Affect Floods and Droughts
23. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Albedo
air can warm dramatically
Black Carbon
Radiative Forcing
24. Precipitation extremes appear to generally increase across the planet at especially high latitudes.
Depth v Surface
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Where rise in OC is greatest
Very small portion
25. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Warm
El Nino
Altimetry
The cryosphere
26. Pockets of ice in the topmost permafrost caused by thawing which create an underground lake.
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Thermokarst
Thermohaline Circulatoin
27. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Wetter; drier
Arctic Atmosphere
Infrared radiation
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
28. Changes over time in the highest and lowest single temperature observed during a given month of the year.
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Where rise in OC is greatest
Monthly maximums and minimums
Mass Change
29. Closed talik can develop when lakes fill in with sediment and become deposits of dead plant material (bog).
Carbon Dioxide
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Warming; cooling
How a closed talik forms
30. Set up in 1988 by WMO and UNEP.
IPCC
Earth's tilt
Thermohaline Circulation
US and precipitation
31. High cloud has a _____ effect and cool cloud has a ____ effect
How a closed talik forms
Warming; cooling
Wetter; drier
Today melting ice
32. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Ice shelf
Talik
33. Amount of light absorbed by surface
El Nino
50%
The Ozone Hole
How we measure Mass Balance
34. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Permafrost
Negative
Active Layer
Why the Arctic climate is special
35. Arctic warms faster than other parts of the globe in response to a given increase in greenhouse gasses - More direct route to warming - In the Arctic a greater fraction of any increase in radiation absorbed by the surface goes directly into warming t
Global warming and hot nights?
Ozone Hole
Why the Arctic climate is special
Through talik
36. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
.75OC/km-1
1 m/yr; 10x
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Hydrological Drought
37. Reduction of Summer Sea- will increase the warming because less energy will be reflected back to the atmosphere by the ice and more will be absorbed by the ocean - Snow and snow covered ice absorb 15% of incident solar energy - Ice absorbs 10% of inc
In the troposphere that we live in.
Severe coastal erosion
Frozen Soil
Reduction in sea-ice extent
38. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Heat wave
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
Types of Albedo
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
39. Sea ice and continental ice. This is caused by Atmospheric warming triggers.
Ice Cap
Mass Budget
Warming; cooling
Positive feedbacks both found in...
40. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Calving
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Thermokarst
Questions to think about
41. 10 : 1 - grounding ; surface
Grounding v Surface Melting
Thermokarst
Ocean water
Sunspots
42. US is responsible for ___ of the total CO2
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Thinner atmosphere
30%
25%
43. What can cause a change in the Earth's climate balance?
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
Atmospheric Circulation
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
44. High clouds are a ____ feedback; larger greenhouse warming - Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Thermokarst
Positive
Global warming and hot nights?
How we measure Mass Balance
45. Occurs when there is not enough water available for a particular crop to grow at a particular time.Typically seen after!meteorological drought (when rainfall decreases) but before a hydrological drought
Altimetry Cons
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Agricultural Drought
Questions to think about
46. Help darkens the snow and ice surface - increasing the amount of energy that is absorbed.
Natural Causes of Warming
Threshold departures
Air pollution
Types of Albedo
47. Permafrost- A frozen soil
Infrared radiation
Open talik
Frozen Soil
Arctic Atmosphere
48. Melting Point decreases
.75OC/km-1
Warm
Sunspots
45%
49. Less frequent and weaker
Ice Shelf
Inversion Layer Summer
More rain means no drought
Threshold departures
50. Positive Albedo Feedback - increase in temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo increases temperature melts ice and snow reduces albedo... ETC
All Greenhouse gases
GHG
Ice/snow
The cryosphere