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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. he increase of ozone concentration in the atmosphere helps ____ our planet
The cryosphere
Monthly maximums and minimums
Altimetry Cons
Warm
2. Hydrological drought is associated with the effect of low rainfall on water levels in rivers -!reservoirs -!lakes and aquifers.
Archimedes' Principle
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Hydrological Drought
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
3. Unfrozen ground that is found within a mass of permafrost
Closed talik
Global warming and hot nights?
Ice Discharge
Thermokarst
4. 2ppm of the atmosphere - less than 20% of greenhouse gases - 1/3 greenhouse gases effect of CO2
Warm
Ice-Albedo
Energy Budget
Methane
5. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Negative
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Air pollution
Ice Sheets
6. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Albedo
20%
Altimetry Cons
7. Is unfrozen ground that is exposed to the ground surface and to a larger mass of unfrozen ground beneath it.
Negative
Ice Shelf
Through talik
Infrared radiation
8. Surface Mass Balance is of the order of _____ melting is ____ times more.
% of Greenhouse Gases
Mass Change
Sunspots
1 m/yr; 10x
9. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
Layers of Earth
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Atmospheric Composition?
Severe coastal erosion
10. Rain is getting harder and the rain is lasting longer since the past couple of decades and will continue for that amount.
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
All Greenhouse gases
US and precipitation
11. Longwave radiation - any radiation with a long wave will heat up quickly.
Accumulation
Effect of Deforestation on CO-2
Infrared radiation
Melt
12. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Ice-Albedo
Inversion Layer (feedback)
IPCC
Why ice-albedo feedback is a big deal in the Arctic
13. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Depth v Surface
Thermohaline Circulation
The cryosphere
Active Layer
14. Wet gets _____ - dry gets ____ - Wet - 50ON (sub polar) Canada - N Europe - Russia - Tropical area- monsoon (rainforest) - Drier - Subtropics - Australia - S. Africa - Mediterranean - Caribbean - Mexico - SW US
Wetter; drier
Atmospheric Composition?
Heat wave
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
15. Average molecular life span is less than 10 years - Major sources: Wetlands and oceans - Raising cattle and landfills.
Methane
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Composition?
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
16. The land-surface configuration that results from the melting of ground ice in a region where permafrost degrades is called Thermokarst.
Surface Mass Balance
Threshold departures
Thermokarst
Mass Budget
17. Ice sheets have a very ____ Albedo
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Strong
Active Layer
Infrared radiation
18. Less frequent and weaker
Sea Ice
30%
Inversion Layer Summer
Albedos of Snow and Ice
19. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Sublimation
Troposphere
Atmospheric Circulation
Altimetry (height)
20. Refers to a body of freshwater - usually shallow - formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost.
Closed talik
Ice/snow
Thermokarst Lake
Ice Cap
21. Arctic troposphere is thinner (8-10 km) than the tropics...The depth of the atmospheric layer is much shallower in the Arctic - It takes less energy to warm the Arctic rather than the Tropics - Same as heating an apartment vs. a house
Inversion Layer Summer
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Thinner atmosphere
How a closed talik forms
22. Volcanic eruptions - Sunspots - Wobbly Earth
Ice-Albedo
Natural Causes of Warming
Sunspots
What happens with the Ozone Hole
23. Reduction of snow and ice cover - Changes in atmospheric circulation.
Sea-Ice Albedo
Cause of break of inversion layers or decrease in frequency
More rain means no drought
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
24. Is not an externally imposed perturbation to the climate system.
Mass Change
Frozen Soil
Why Water Vapor is not a climate forcing
Cloud Feedbacks
25. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Greenhouse Gases
All Greenhouse gases
Ocean water
26. When inversion breaks up _______________. - Consequently - anything that breaks inversions or makes them form less often could produce major ground level warming.
Atmospheric Circulation
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Warming; cooling
air can warm dramatically
27. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
How a closed talik forms
Accumulation
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Energy Budget
28. ~10% of incident solar energy (albedo 90)
.75OC/km-1
Climate Change in the Arctic
Greenhouse Gases
Ice absorbs
29. 240 w/m squared
Active Layer
Very small portion
Heat Source and Pressure
Amount of light actually reaching the Earth
30. Troposphere - Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) - Mesosphere - Ionosphere
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
Surface Mass Balance
Atmospheric Structure
70%
31. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
El Nio is in the coasts of...
1 m/yr; 10x
Dynamic thinning
Antarctica
32. Greenhouse gases are a ___ portion of the atmosphere
Very small portion
Dry
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Surface Mass Balance
33. A naturally or artificially caused decrease in the thickness and/or areal extent of permafrost - It is caused by the deepening fo the active layer and the thawing of the adjacent permafrost.
1 m/yr; 10x
Sublimation
Permafrost Degradation
20%
34. 1. Keeps the ocean and the earth cooler 2. Coastal impacts of ice: prevents waves from eroding coastlines and protects from storms. 3. Ecological importance of ice: a. Most visibly for the many fish - birds - and mammal species that live in - on - or
How the cryosphere is affected by climate change
Surface Mass Balance
Earth's tilt
Altimetry Cons
35. Refers to the irregular warming in the Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) from the coasts of Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central Pacific - the Southern Oscillation
Where rise in OC is greatest
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
El Nino
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
36. 1. Altimetry survey 2. Time-variable gravity 3. Ice motion + Regional Climate Modeling
7%
How we measure Mass Balance
Ice Cap
Precipitation and High Latitudes
37. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Meteorological Drought
Active Layer
Sunspots
Threshold departures
38. Radiation absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases?
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Melt
US and precipitation
Closed talik
39. Heat is provided by outside sources that flow down the continental slope to reach the deepest part of the glacier. High pressure decreases the melting point and favors melting.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Climate Change in the Arctic
Earth's tilt
40. Sea ice - Glaciers and Ice sheets - Alaska- ice glaciers - Greenland- ice sheets
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Importance of ice sheets
Ice in the Arctic
Ice shelf
41. The air can hold less water vapor - Consequently - less water can be evaporated in the air - and only a small portion of energy is used in this process - Most of the energy that reaches the Arctic goes directly into warming the air
In the Arctic where the air is cooler
Active Layer
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
Depth v Surface
42. Due to a set of mutually reinforcing processes - climate change appears to be progressing in the arctic more quickly than in any other region on Earth.
Climate Change in the Arctic
Positive feedbacks both found in...
30%
Strong
43. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
25%
Troposphere
Surface Mass Balance
doubles
44. If the Earth is warmer - are we going to have the Hadley cell stronger or weaker? Hotter = heat rises which increases the circulation.
Mass Balance
Stronger
What effects the density
Positive feedbacks both found in...
45. Where does the ozone protect us?
In the stratosphere.
Altimetry (height)
Cloud Feedbacks
Reduction in sea-ice extent
46. Climate models suggest once the sea ice cover is thinned sufficiently - a strong kick from natural variability could initiate a rapid slide towards ice-free conditions in the summer.
How talik forms under lakes
Changes in Arctic sea-ice Extent
Thermokarst
More rain means no drought
47. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
The Ozone Hole
30%
Grounding Lines
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
48. A process whereby slabs of ice at the glacier margin mechanically fracture and detach from the main ice mass -
Calving
Methane
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Shortwave Length
49. Number of days that land among the hottest of all days in that month's long-term record.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
45%
Inversion Layer Summer
Percentile departures
50. Tundra absorbs more energy than ice and snow but less than scrubs and forest - and with those plants migrating towards the north - they will further contribute ot absorb more energy.
Ozone Hole
Change in vegetation generates a further feedback
What effects the density
Thermohaline Circulation