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Test your basic knowledge |
Global Warming
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Subjects
:
literacy
,
science
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How often does El Nio occur?
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
45%
Once every 4 years.
The Ozone Hole
2. Same amount of H2O - Mass does not change - Density of ice < density of water - Volume of ice > volume of water
Layers of Earth
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
reduction in sea-ice
Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation
3. Descending Air dry - Convection cells are wet.
Atmospheric Circulation
Surface Mass Balance
Questions to think about
Sunspots
4. Number of days when temperatures climb above average by a fixed amount.
Threshold departures
Wetter; drier
Some regions of the Earth have warmed faster than other regions.
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
5. High vs low
Active Layer
Cloud Feedbacks
IPCC
Ocean water
6. Soil at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years - Can be: Terrestrial - Subsea - Can be: Continuous: exists across a landscape as an unbroken layer. More than 90% is frozen - Discontinuous
Severe coastal erosion
summer
El Nio is in the coasts of...
Permafrost
7. Same as heating an apartment v home - Thinner atmosphere than tropics; warms faster.
Ozone Hole
Heat wave
US and precipitation
Arctic Atmosphere
8. Top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during autumn. - Between 1 and 3 m thick.
Active Layer
50%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Dynamic thinning
9. The past climate...for this reason - both keep good records of climate change.
Thickness of the active layer and the permafrost depend on this
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Frozen Soil
Infrared radiation
10. On a clear cold day - the thin layer of air hugging the ground is called inversion. This layer is much cooler than the air a few hundred meters above it.
Inversion Layer (feedback)
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Positive feedbacks both found in...
Archimedes' Principle
11. Radiation that comes from the Sun - Visible light - 'near infrared' - ultraviolet radiation.
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Is precipitation around the world increasing?
Shortwave Length
Increase in the amount of water vapor or cloud vapor - Volcanic eruptions
12. Industry 40% - Buildings 31% - Transportations 22% - Agriculture 4%
30%
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
Wetter; drier
doubles
13. If the mean annual air temperature is only slightly below 0 degrees C - permafrost will form only in spots that are sheltered.
Accumulation
Discontinuous
Questions to think about
Thermokarst Lake
14. Slow steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of Earth's stratospheric ozone.
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Sea ice melt does not change sea level
Ozone Hole
30%
15. By contrast reflects only about 7% of solar radiation (Albedo~7%) - absorbing 93%.
Ice-Albedo
GHG
Monthly maximums and minimums
Ocean water
16. Grounding line is the last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves - Glaciers contribute to sea level rise after passing the grounding line - Maximum thinning at grounding line.
GHG
Ice Shelf
Discontinuous Permafrosrt
Average radiative flux reaching the atmosphere
17. Atmospheric Cooling - Both negative (stabilizing) feedbacks - It is not happening now - but it has happened in the past - Ice-albedo feedback was the dominant feedback during the ice ages.
Cloud Feedbacks
Climate Change in the Arctic
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Ice loss
18. An area of unfrozen ground that is open to the ground surface but otherwise enclosed in permafrost.
In the troposphere that we live in.
Sunspots
reduction in sea-ice
Open talik
19. Trade winds blow from East to West - Pool of warm water in the west - Meanwhile deep colder water rises up in the Eastern Pacific - The sea level is ~ 50-60 cm higher in Western Pacific (Indonesia) than in the Eastern Pacific (South America/Peru) -
Air pollution
Talik
Normal condition for air
Mass Balance
20. Floating extensions are ice shelves - rivers of ice are ice streams or outlet glaciers - the junctions with the ocean are called the grounding line.
.7O Celsius over the past century.
Ice shelf
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Ice loss
21. All processes that add snow or ice to a glacier or to flowing ice or snow cover.
Time Variable Gravity
Accumulation
How to define a heatwave
How talik forms under lakes
22. Higher temperature increases atmospheric water vapor @ global scale more water vapor in the air that causes nights to stay warmer.
Thermohaline Circulatoin
Atmospheric Circulation
How a closed talik forms
Global warming and hot nights?
23. South polar vortex - Temperatures drop below 80O Celsius in the lower stratosphere - At these temperatures the chemicals in the stratosphere freeze and form Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCS) - These increase the concentration of CFCs in turn destroyi
What happens with the Ozone Hole
Positive
summer
Ice/snow
24. The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions - the Protocol commits them to do so.
Thermokarst
Permafrost Degradation
Ozone Hole
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
25. Prolonged period of excessively hot weather - Which may be accompanied by high humidity.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Heat wave
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interaction
Frozen Soil
26. Amount of light absorbed by surface
Ice Motion
Very small portion
Inversion Layer (feedback)
50%
27. Rainy on yearly average. In these regions - rising air predominates.
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
Major distinction between Kyoto Protocol and Convention
Ozone Hole
Thermokarst
28. O Unfrozen soil that stays within the permafrost.
Negative Ice-Albedo Feedback
Talik
Accumulation
The Ozone Hole
29. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer in Antarctica in Springtime (august through October)
The Ozone Hole
Agricultural Drought
Radiative Forcing
Normal condition for air
30. Most of the deserts are around 30 N and 30 S - where sinking air predominates
75-OC
Some parts of the planet are dry because of their location
Rainy
Meteorological Drought
31. The last portion of a glacier grounded to bedrock - after this line there are ice shelves.
Grounding v Surface Melting
Grounding Lines
More rain means no drought
Radiative Forcing
32. The heat input is either driven by the 1- thermohaline circulation associated with sea ice formation. The direct influx of intermediate warmth water.
summer
Ice-Albedo
Heat Source and Pressure
Sea Ice Extent is Changing in Antarctica as well
33. Ice melting rapidly? What type causes sea level to rise? What have been the main contributors to sea level rise so far? What are the impacts of melting ice? - On nature - On humans
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Carbon Dioxide
Questions to think about
Earth's tilt
34. Under higher pressure the melting point decreases ____ - The pressure comes from the weight of the ice shelf.
Ocean water
Heat wave
75-OC
Radiative Forcing
35. Absolute thresholds - Monthly maximums and minimums - Threshold departures - Percentile departure - Atmospheric Water Vapor: More water vapor in the air - warmer nights!
15 percent (70% is not reflected but radiated to space from clouds - atmosphere - and Earth.)
How to define a heatwave
Absolute thresholds
.75OC/km-1
36. Sea ice - Continental ice sheets - Permafrost (frozen soil) - Mountain glaciers - Snow cover
Active Layer
Very small portion
The cryosphere
Radiative Flux
37. CO2 - CH4 - O3 - H2O - N2O - CFCs
Closed talik
Surface Mass Balance
The Ozone Hole
All Greenhouse gases
38. Greenhouse gases are mixed in the ____
7%
In the stratosphere.
Troposphere
Dry
39. Number of days that exceed a given temperature
Absolute thresholds
Dynamic thinning
Layers of Earth
Contributions to CO2 from different activities
40. Low clouds are a ____ feedback; they will reflect more sunlight. Clouds reflect shortwave radiation but also absorb longwave radiation
Greenhouse Gases
How we measure Mass Balance
Negative
Through talik
41. Massive cooldown has allowed colder conditions to persist leading to cfcs stabilizing leading to ozone depletion. Later - more warming will lead to more moisture in the air which will lead to more snowfall!
Sea-Ice Albedo
Antarctica
Altimetry (height)
Absolute thresholds
42. Forms from frozen ocean water - Floats on the ocean surface - Grows over the winter - melts in the summer
Heat Source and Pressure
Sea Ice
Talik
Discontinuous
43. Poor resolution (200-400 km) does not allow us to distinguish glaciers and basins.
IPCC
What effects the density
Ice Cap
Altimetry Cons
44. Peru and Ecuador to the equatorial central pacific - Causes irregular warming in sea surface
Sea Ice
7%
Increases - decreases
El Nio is in the coasts of...
45. The amount of light reflected by an object.
Affect Floods and Droughts
Albedo
Permafrost
Radiative Flux
46. 23 -45 degrees. The Larger the tilt the larger the variability of the seasons.
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47. Changes in the Earth's solar radiation levels can impact the climate. Shortterm warming cycles on Earth.
Time Variable Gravity
Mass Change
Sunspots
Ice/snow
48. ~15% of incident solar energy (albedo 85)
Snow and snow covered ice absorb
Stronger
Warm
What happens with the Ozone Hole
49. At the bottom of the ice sheets the temperature doesn't necessarily have to be above 0... it could _____ more easily because of the water
Thermokarst
Precipitation and High Latitudes
Melt
Deep tropics between 15O N and 15 O S are quite
50. The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor phase - or vice versa - without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.
Importance of ice sheets
Sublimation
Longwave Radiation
How a closed talik forms
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