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Test your basic knowledge |
GMAT Critical Reasoning
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gmat
,
logic-and-reasoning
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Identify the conclusion and choose the best AC that restates or paraphrases it
Restate the Conclusion A Minor Question Type (MQT)
Weaken 'EXCEPT' Questions
Extreme Words
Weaken: Wrong Answer Choice Type - Wrong direction
2. They limit the scope of an argument and can be useful in identifying incorrect answer choices. They provide nuances to the argument - which can help you make some answer choices correct or incorrect. When diagramming - be sure to include boundary wor
Eliminate alternate paths to reach a given conclusion
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Addresses the premise only
Signal Words for Conclusion
Boundary Words
3. Follows on from the conclusion instead of identifying an assumption that underlies the conclusion
Find the Assumption Questions
Weaken: Wrong Answer Choice Type - No tie to the conclusion
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Follow on
'Fill in the Blank'
4. Only use this method when the primary patterns do not apply. A) predict the future - will - should - can be expected to - could result in - are likely to B) subjective opinion - anything that cannot be proven C) cause & effect - if...then - as a resu
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Out of Scope
Identify all claims from facts (which can be proven) - Alternate Way to Find the Conclusion
Assumption: Ties to the Conclusion
LEN Examples
5. Explains or leads to a premise instead of the conclusion
Weaken the Conclusion: Argument/Counterargument
Diagramming Efficiently
Extreme Words
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Addresses the premise only
6. When reading any question stem - try to classify the problem. Then - as you diagram - proactively find answers for the question type. Read the question stem first. If it is not immediately helpful - do not dwell. The process of diagramming will gener
The T Diagram
Weaken the Conclusion
Use Real Numbers - Make an Inference
Identifying the Question Type
7. Answer choice replaces a fundamental term with something that seems like a synonym or introduces extreme words - common between numbers - percentages and proportions
Extreme Words
What Correct answers do
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Switching terms
Eliminate alternate paths to reach a given conclusion
8. Answers require you to assume at least one piece of information not explicitly presented in the argument.
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Out of Scope
Negating an assumption
Boundary Words
Strengthen the Conclusion: Wrong Answer Choice Type - No Tie to the Conclusion
9. Since - Due to - As a result of - Because - Given that - As
Signal Words for Premises
The 'Therefore' test
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Switching Terms
The T Diagram
10. What do you do when two or more answer choices are very tempting? Use the Least Extreme Negation (LEN) technique. - negate answer choices to see whether the argument fails - use the least extreme negation possible. If the conclusion can still follow
LEN: Least Extreme Negation Technique
Extreme Words
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Wrong direction
S-W-Slash Chart
11. A category of assumption - cause and effect conclusions; correlation is not causation. - look for an assumption that eliminates an alternate model of causation - you must rule out the causality in the other direction
Can eliminate alternate causes for a given conclusion
Resolve a Problem A Minor Question Type (MQT)
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Out of Scope
Establish the feasibility of the premises of an argument
12. Commonly uses words 'assumption - assume - flaw or questionable'. Assumptions serve as a necessary bridge between the premises and the conclusion. The correct answer choice of an assumption question must be necessary to the conclusion of the argument
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Switching terms
Find the Assumption Questions
Use Real Numbers - Make an Inference
MQT: Analyze Argument Structure
13. In 'Explain an Event or Discrepancy' - Look for __________ that shows why the discrepancy is not one - after you add it to existing premises - it shoul make sense all together - correct AC fills a logical hole in the argument - allowing all premises
Draw a Conclusion: Stay Close to the Premises
Major Question Types
The AC that gives a new - fact-based premise
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Addresses the premise only
14. Always - never - all -none - etc. They make the argument very broad or far-reaching - making it susceptible to attack. Note any extreme language used in premises or conclusions with an (!). This strategy ONLY applies to words in the argument. _______
LEN: Least Extreme Negation Technique
Premise
Extreme Words
Establish the feasibility of the premises of an argument
15. Conclude something from a given set of premises - the conclusion you draw must be true as a result of only the given premises; it should not require any additional assumptions. Sample question stems: 'If the statements above are true - which of the f
Assumption
Establish the feasibility of the premises of an argument
Draw a Conclusion
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Wrong direction
16. Provide unnecessary information about a premise - make sure answer choices are not simply related to the conclusion but also weaken it - an answer choice can seem realistic - but only need to determine whether it weakens the argument
Weaken: Wrong Answer Choice Type - No tie to the conclusion
Identifying the Question Type
The AC that gives a new - fact-based premise
The T Diagram
17. Provides a conclusion that is opposite of what the argument says.
'Fill in the Blank'
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Wrong Direction
Weaken the Conclusion
LEN: Least Extreme Negation Technique
18. 1. Find the assumption. 2. Draw a conclusion. 3. Strengthen the conclusion. 4. Weaken the conclusion. 5. Explain an event or discrepancy. 6. Analyze the argument structure. 7. Evaluate the conclusion. 8. Resolve a problem. 9. Provide an example. 10.
Signal Words for Premises
Major Question Types
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Wrong direction
The T Diagram
19. Extreme words make the answer choices incorrect - unless the argument explicitly justifies/states extreme words. A correct answer choice must be 100% true. When you see boundary or extreme words in an answer - ask 'what is the most extreme example I
Boundary & Extreme Words in Answer Choices
Draw a Conclusion: Stay Close to the Premises
Assumption
Weaken: Wrong Answer Choice Type - Wrong direction
20. The main point of the argument - logically supported by the assumptions and premises. In the form of an opinion or claim.
Resolve a Problem A Minor Question Type (MQT)
Premise
Negating an assumption
Conclusion
21. A category of assumption - uses some type of superlative qualifier like only/best/worst way - there shouldn't be another way or better/worse way.
Extreme Words
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Addresses the premise only
Restate the Conclusion A Minor Question Type (MQT)
Eliminate alternate paths to reach a given conclusion
22. A powerful technique. If an answer choice in a question is negated and the argument becomes nonsensical - then the answer choice is almost certainly correct. An argument might depend on several assumptions - any of which could be the answer. However
Weaken the Conclusion
Premise
Negating an assumption
Assumption
23. 1. Abbreviate anything you can but don't abbreviate so much that you change or lose the argument. 2. Underline key words - details and boundary words. 3. Use arrows to indicate cause and effect relationships. 4. Identify point of view with a colon to
Signal Words for Premises
Extreme Words
MQT: Analyze Argument Structure
Diagramming Efficiently
24. Is a disguised version of a known question type. Once you recognize what type it is - use the standard strategies for that type.
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25. Describe the role of a part or parts of an argument - often use argument/counterargument structure (use modified T-diagram) Don't spend too much time - eliminate a few choices and move on. Two boldfaced statements - determine the role each one plays
'Fill in the Blank'
Eliminate alternate paths to reach a given conclusion
Major Question Types
MQT: Analyze Argument Structure
26. Read the passage and label each boldface as Fact - Opinion - or Conclusion. Skim each answer choice - only looking for terminology matching F - O - C. Eliminate AC that don't match F - O - C classification.
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices
How to Diagram an Argument: The T-Diagram
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Switching terms
MQT: Analyze Argument Structure - faster approach
27. The conclusion you select should be supported by at least some of the premises. The conclusion does NOT need to address all of the premises. A correct answer may be a mathematical or logical deduction. In this type of question - the entire body of th
Identifying the Question Type
Draw a Conclusion: Stay Close to the Premises
Answer Choices: Process of Elimination
Fill in a logic gap
28. Premise + (assumption) = Conclusion
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Wrong Direction
Argument Structure
S-W-Slash Chart
Weaken 'EXCEPT' Questions
29. To strengthen an argument - look for an answer choice that fixes a weakness of the conclusion - validates an assumption - or introduces new supporting evidence. A premise can strengthen or support a conclusion without being necessary for that conclus
MQT: Analyze Argument Structure - faster approach
How to Diagram an Argument: The T-Diagram
Premise
Strengthen the Conclusion
30. 1. Expose a faulty or tenuous assumption OR 2. Negatively impacts the conclusion directly
What Correct answers do
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Addresses the premise only
Finding the Conclusion
Use Real Numbers - Make an Inference
31. A category of assumption - Reflects opinions or claims and that these are true or that a sequence of events will occur in a way the argument assumes.
Draw a Conclusion
Strengthen the Conclusion
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Switching terms
Establish the feasibility of the premises of an argument
32. If an argument involves percentages - use real - concrete numbers. The words inference - assertion - prediction and claim are all synonyms for conclusion.
How to Diagram an Argument: The T-Diagram
Use Real Numbers - Make an Inference
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Wrong direction
Strengthen the Conclusion: Wrong Answer Choice Type - No Tie to the Conclusion
33. 1. Draw a large T - leaving more room on the left 'pro' side than the right 'con' side. 2. Look for the conclusion and write it on the top of the T. 3. Read the argument sentence by sentence. Write any pro premises on the left and cons on the right.
Finding the Conclusion
Draw a Conclusion: Stay Close to the Premises
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Addresses the premise only
The T Diagram
34. Answer choice provides the opposite of what you are looking for
Assumption: Ties to the Conclusion
Argument Structure
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Wrong direction
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Switching Terms
35. Analyze the logical flow of a argument and choose the AC that most closely mimics the argument flow or structure - be sure to not spend too much time
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices
Boundary Words
Weaken the Conclusion: Argument/Counterargument
Mimic the Argument A Minor Question Type (MQT)
36. Unstated parts of an argument that are necessary to reach the given conclusion. NEVER stated in the written argument.
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - No ties to the conclusion
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Switching terms
Assumption
Signal Words for Premises
37. Always - only - all >> insert not necessarily or sometimes... Not - Never - none - not one - not once >> at least one - at least once - Some - a few - several >> no - none - Sometimes - on occasion - often >> never - At least - at most - more than -
Extreme Words
The 'Therefore' test
Draw a Conclusion: Stay Close to the Premises
LEN Examples
38. Many answer choices weaken the argument instead of strengthening it - make sure to note the question type so as to choose the correct answer
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Addresses the premise only
'Fill in the Blank'
Strengthen the Conclusion: Wrong Answer Choice Type - Wrong Direction
Resolve a Problem A Minor Question Type (MQT)
39. Therefore - As a result - Suggests - It follows that - Indicates - Accordingly - So - Consequently - Thus - Hence - Should
Establish the feasibility of the premises of an argument
Weaken: Wrong Answer Choice Type - No tie to the conclusion
Signal Words for Premises
Signal Words for Conclusion
40. Arguments contain 2 opposing points of view. Assess answer choices by holding them in opposition to the conclusion or one of its assumptions. 1. Identify the conclusion from the point of view of the author. 2. Note the counter-claim and it's proponen
Weaken the Conclusion: Argument/Counterargument
Assumption
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Switching Terms
'Fill in the Blank'
41. To help the process of elimination: 1. Write down letters A-E. 2. Evaluate each answer choice and note whether a. It strengthens the conclusion with an S b. it weakens the conclusion with a W c. Is irrelevant to the conclusion with a slash through it
Weaken 'EXCEPT' Questions
Use Real Numbers - Make an Inference
S-W-Slash Chart
Provide an Example A Minor Question Type (MQT)
42. Tied to a premise and provides unnecessary information about a premise - if the premise is already a stated fact - it doesn't need support - make sure the answer choice is not simply related to the conclusion but supports it
Mimic the Argument A Minor Question Type (MQT)
Strengthen the Conclusion: Wrong Answer Choice Type - No Tie to the Conclusion
LEN Examples
Can eliminate alternate causes for a given conclusion
43. A category of assumption - 'how do we logically get from Point A to Point B?' - key words: therefore - because - for this reason - etc. - fact-based or background information; occasionally reflects an opinion or claim
Fill in a logic gap
Answer Choices: Process of Elimination
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Switching terms
S-W-Slash Chart
44. 1. Focus on the essential meaning. 2. Use EXTREME shorthand.3. Keep terms the same - try to keep exact wording of key points. 4. Make sure you understand what you are writing.
Argument Structure
Diagramming Efficiently
Conclusion
How to Diagram an Argument: The T-Diagram
45. Make sure to note if a question is strengthen or weaken the conclusion so as to not mistakenly choose the wrong answer - use an S-W-slash chart
Assumption
Weaken: Wrong Answer Choice Type - Wrong direction
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Switching terms
Finding the Conclusion
46. Proposes faulty mathematical or logical reasoning - make sure that any substituted expressions are truly synonyms
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - No ties to the conclusion
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices
MQT: Analyze Argument Structure - faster approach
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Switching Terms
47. Use your paper to visibly eliminate answer choices A-E. Cross out incorrect choices and circle the correct answers. Check all of the answer choices even if you believe you have found the correct one. You may find that another answer choice is potenti
Answer Choices: Process of Elimination
Assumptions: Wrong Answer Choices - Wrong direction
Argument Structure
S-W-Slash Chart
48. An answer choice that weakens the conclusion without requiring significant leaps of logic is likely correct. Use an S-W-slash chart on EXCEPT questions with confusing wording. Four answer choices will weaken - one will not. The correct answer choice
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49. Stated pieces of information or evidence that provide support for the conclusion (facts - opinions or claims).
Mimic the Argument A Minor Question Type (MQT)
Premise
Establish the feasibility of the premises of an argument
Conclusion
50. Identify information that would help evaluate the validity of a given conclusion - the correct AC will provide a way to TEST the conclusion
Identifying the Question Type
Evaluate the Conclusion A Minor Question Type (MQT)
Weaken: Wrong Answer Choice Type - No tie to the conclusion
Wrong Answer Choice Types: Draw a Conclusion - Switching Terms