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Test your basic knowledge |
GMAT Word Translations
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gmat
,
reading-and-comprehension
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Will be closer to the number with the bigger weight. If the weights don't add to one - sum the weights and use that to divide in order to have a total weight of one. Weighted average = weight/sum of weights(data point) + weight/sum of weights(data po
Anagrams
Disguised Combinatorics
Standard Deviation (SD)
Weighted Averages
2. In some probability problems - both the 'desired' possibilities and the total possibilities require counting. Use combinatorial methods to calculate the numbers of possibilities. After finding the numbers - set up the probability as a fraction - 'win
Typical rate (speed) relations
Combinatorics & Probability
The 1-x Probability Trick
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
3. Involve time - rate and work.- work: number of jobs completed or items produced - time: time spent working - rate: ratio of work to time - amount completed in one time unit Often have to calculate the work rate. Always express as jobs per unit of tim
Reforming Difficult Problems
Overlapping Sets & Percents
Basic Work Problems
Typical rate (speed) relations
4. Combination: selection of items from a larger pool where the order doesn't matter. Number of r items chosen from a pool of n items: n!/(n-r)!*r! Permutation: selection of items from a larger pool where the order matters. n!/(n-r)!
Combination & Permutation Formulas
Permutation
Shortcuts for Averages
Standard Deviation (SD)
5. I - or interval - amount of time given for the quantity to grow or decay S - or starting value - size of the population at time zero t - or time - is the variable (make sure all time units are the same) x - growth or decay factor - Population = S*x^(
Combination & Permutation Formulas
Working Together - Add the Rates
Combinatorics
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
6. Avoid writing relationships backwards. Quickly check your translations with easy numbers. Write an unknown percent as a variable divided by 100. Translate bulk discounts and similar relationships carefully.
Main forms of rate problems
Use a population chart
Translating Words Correctly
Simple Factorials
7. 1. Basic motion problems 2. Average rate problems 3. Simultaneous motion problems 4. Work problems 5. Population problems
Disguised Combinatorics
Probability: Multiple Events
Concrete values
Main forms of rate problems
8. Make a chart when several quantities and multiple relationships. Ex: age problems - people in rows - times in columnsn 1. Assign variables - try to use 1 variable for simplicity. 2. Write equations - use leftover information/relationships to write eq
Probability Trees
Probability: Multiple Events
Use Charts to Organize Variables
Working Together - Add the Rates
9. Marked by 3 primary components: rate - time & distance or work. Rate x Time = Distance (RT=D) Rate x Time= Work (RT = W)
Anagrams
Overlapping Sets & Algebraic Representation
Rates & Work Problems
Combinatorics & Probability
10. For problems involving percents or fractions - use smart numbers and a double-set matrix to solve. For problems with percents - pick a total of 100. For problems with fractions - pick a common denominator for the total. You can only assign a number t
Overlapping Sets & Percents
Algebraic Translations
Main forms of rate problems
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
11. If X and Y are independent events - AND means multiply the probabilities. You will wind up with a smaller number - which indicates a lower probability of success. If X and Y are mutually exclusive - OR means add the probabilities. You will wind up wi
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
Probability: Multiple Events
Combinatorics & Probability
Typical time relations
12. Basic motion problems involve rate - time and distance. Rate = ratio of distance and time Time = a unit of time Distance = a unit of distance - Use an RTD chart to solve. Fill in 2 of the variables then use the RT=D formula to solve.
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Simple ratio problems
Ratios
Slot Method (for problems where certain choices are restricted)
13. Changes to Mean: Change in mean = New term - Old mean / New number of terms -- Using residuals: Residual = Data point - Mean - Keep track of signs of residuals. The residuals sum to zero in any set. All residuals cancel out.
Hidden Constraints
Shortcuts for Averages
Rates & Work Problems
Combinatorics & the Domino Effect
14. To combine ratios with common elements - multiply all of the ratios by the same number (a common multiple). Make the term you are working with the least common multiple of the current values.
Population Problems
Combinatorics
Multiple Ratios
Slot Method (for problems where certain choices are restricted)
15. Make a table with a few rows with NOW in the middle row. Work forwards and backwards from NOW using the problem's information. Maybe pick a smart number for the starting point - choose a number that makes the math simple.
Rates & Work Problems
Optimization & Grouping
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Use a population chart
16. Put people or items into groups to maximize or minimize a characteristic in the group.
Grouping
Weighted Averages
Probability Trees
Standard Deviation (SD)
17. Scheduling: focus on the extreme possibilities (earliest/latest time slots). Read the problem carefully!
Average Rate: RTD Problems
Scheduling & Computation Problems
Optimization & Grouping
Overlapping Sets & Percents
18. Optimization: inversion between finding the min/max and the values givens typical. Be careful to round up or down appropriately. Grouping: determine the limiting factor on the number of complete groups. Think about the most or least evenly distribute
Simple ratio problems
Scheduling & Computation Problems
Optimization & Grouping
Overlapping Sets & Percents
19. Determine the combined rate of all the workers working together: sum the individual working rates. If one agent is undoing the work of another - subtract their working rates. If a work problem involves time relations - then the calculations are just
Average Rate: RTD Problems
Working Together - Add the Rates
Population Problems
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
20. Maximize or minimize a quantity by choosing optimal values.
Multiple RTD Problems
Proportions
Overlapping Sets & Algebraic Representation
Optimization
21. If you have to construct and manipulate completely abstract sets - use alphabetical order to make the sets a little more concrete. If the problem is complex - create a column chart. Each column is a number in the set. Put the columns in order with t
Entirely Unknown Sets
Probability
Disguised Combinatorics
Average Rate: RTD Problems
22. If a probability problem seems to require extensive calculation - try to reformulate it in a way that either takes advantage of symmetry in the problem or groups several individual cases together at once.
Shortcuts for Averages
Main forms of rate problems
Reforming Difficult Problems
Optimization & Grouping
23. Indicates how far from the average data points typically fall. A small SD indicates a set is clustered closely around the average while a large SD indicates the set is spread out widely. You will not need to calculate an exact SD. GMAT questions invo
Optimization & Grouping
Proportions
Standard Deviation (SD)
Sample Multiple RTD Problems
24. Use anagram grids to solve combinations with repetition. Set up an anagram grid to put unique items or people on the top row. Only the bottom row should have repeats. To count possible groups - divide the total factorial by two factorials: one for th
Anagram Grids
Proportions
Prices & Quantities
Main forms of rate problems
25. Pay close attention to the wording of the problem to see if you need to use algebra to represent the unknowns.From the relationships in the table - set up an equation to solve for unknowns. With that information - fill in the rest of the double-set m
Prices & Quantities
Permutation
Optimization & Grouping
Overlapping Sets & Algebraic Representation
26. Planning a timeline to coordinate events to a set of restrictions. Focus on the extreme scenarios: 1. Be aware of both explicit and hidden constraints.2. Choose the highest or lowest values of the variables. 3. Be very careful about rounding.
The Unknown Multiplier
Scheduling
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Arrangements with Constraints
27. In certain types of OR problems - the probability of the desired event NOT happening may be easier to find. If on a problem - 'success' contains multiple possibilities -- especially if the wording contains phrases such as 'at least' and 'at most' --
Disguised Combinatorics
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
The 1-x Probability Trick
Multiple Ratios
28. If switching elements in a chosen set creates a different set - it is a ______________. There are usually fewer combinations than permutations.
Permutation
Main forms of rate problems
Slot Method (for problems where certain choices are restricted)
Combinatorics & the Domino Effect
29. For sets with an odd number of values - the median is the middle value when in order. For sets with an even number of values - the median is the average of the two middle values. You maybe able to determine a specific value for the median even if unk
Permutation
Simple Factorials
Median
Anagram Grids
30. Express a relationship between two or more quantities. - the relationship they express is division. Can be expressed with the word 'to' - using a colon - or by writing a fraction. Can express a part-part relationship or part-whole. Cannot find the qu
Median
Ratios
Probability
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
31. Venn diagrams should ONLY be used for problems that involve 3 sets with only 2 choices per set. Work from the inside out when filling in. When filling in each outer level - remember to subtract out the members in the inner levels. To determine the to
Typical rate (speed) relations
3-Set Problems: Venn Diagrams
Median
Permutation
32. Counting the number of possibilities/ways you can arrange things.Fundamental Counting Principle: if you must make a number of separate decisions - then MULTIPLY the numbers of ways to make each individual decision to find the number of ways to make a
Combinatorics
3-Set Problems: Venn Diagrams
Slot Method (for problems where certain choices are restricted)
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
33. Quantity that expresses the chance - or likelihood - of an event. To find a probability - you need to know the total number of possibilities and the number of successful scenarios. All outcomes must be equally likely. Use a counting tree to find the
Use a population chart
Main forms of rate problems
Probability: Multiple Events
Probability
34. Contains no variables; simply plug and chug. 1. Take careful inventory of qtys - numbers and units. 2. Use math techniques and tricks to solve; assign variables. 3. Draw diagrams - tables and charts to organize the information. 4. Read the problem ca
Optimization
Slot Method (for problems where certain choices are restricted)
Disguised Combinatorics
Computation problems
35. Check the problem to see if the are any implied constraints to variables like whole numbers. You can solve a data sufficiency question with little information if whole numbers are involved. You can use a table to generate - organize - and eliminate i
Overlapping Sets & Percents
Main forms of rate problems
3-Set Problems: Venn Diagrams
Hidden Constraints
36. For complicated ratio problems - the unknown multiplier technique is useful. Represent ratios with some unknown number/variable to reduce the number of variables and make the algebra easier. You can only use it once per problem. You should use it whe
Probability
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
The Unknown Multiplier
Algebraic Translations
37. The numbers in the same row of an RTD table will always multiply across. The specifics of the problem determine which columns will add up into a total row. R x T = D 1. The kiss (or crash) ADD SAME ADD 2. the quarrel (away from) ADD SAME ADD 3. The c
Sample Multiple RTD Problems
Concrete values
Use Charts to Organize Variables
Median
38. To keep track of branching possibilities and 'winning scenarios': label each branch and input the probabilities - on the second set of branches - input the probabilities AS IF the first pick was made - remember the domino effect! - compute the probab
Probability Trees
Entirely Unknown Sets
Computation problems
3-Set Problems: Venn Diagrams
39. If a GMAT problem requires you to choose two or more sets of items from separate pools - count the arrangements separately. Then multiply the numbers of possibilities for each step.
Typical rate (speed) relations
Prices & Quantities
Simple ratio problems
Multiple Arrangements
40. Be able to write word problems with two different types of equations: - relate the quantities or numbers of different goods - relate the total values of the goods. 1. Assign variables - try to use as few variables as possible. 2. Write equations - fo
Entirely Unknown Sets
Prices & Quantities
Ratios
Median
41. Many word problems with 'how many' are combinatorics. Many combinatorics masquerade as probability problems. Looking for analogies to known problem types will help find a viable solution. Break down complicated counting problems into separate decisio
Use Charts to Organize Variables
Scheduling
Scheduling & Computation Problems
Disguised Combinatorics
42. Some population that typically increases by a common factor every time period.
Averages
Standard Deviation (SD)
Population Problems
3-Set Problems: Venn Diagrams
43. The order a ratio is given in is vital. To avoid reversals - always write units on either the ratio or the variables.
Scheduling
Arrangements with Constraints
Proportions
Standard Deviation (SD)
44. Slower/faster - left... and met/arrived at
Typical time relations
Typical rate (speed) relations
Disguised Combinatorics
Standard Deviation (SD)
45. You don't need ____________ to find the weights. Having the ratios of the weights will allow you to find the weighted average. Write the ratio as a fraction; use the numerator and denominator as weights. If you are finding a weighted average of rates
Concrete values
Combinatorics
Hidden Constraints
Reforming Difficult Problems
46. Difficult problems involve rates - times and distances for more than one trip or traveler - expand the RTD chart by adding rows for each trip.
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
Simple ratio problems
Multiple RTD Problems
3-Set Problems: Venn Diagrams
47. = sum/# of terms If you know the average - use this formula: (average) x (# of terms) = (sum) - All that matters is the sum of the terms - not the individual terms. To keep track of two average formulas - set up an RTD-style table.
Reforming Difficult Problems
The Unknown Multiplier
Averages
Algebraic Translations
48. 1. Assign variables - make up letters to represent unknown quantities to set up equations - choose meaningful letters - avoid subscripts - try to minimize the number of variables 2. Write equations - translate verbal relationships into math symbols.
Simple ratio problems
Multiple RTD Problems
Scheduling & Computation Problems
Algebraic Translations
49. A rearrangement of the letters in a word or phrase. Count the anagrams of a simple word with n letters by using n! When there are repeated items in a set - reduce the number of arrangements. The number of arrangements of a word is the factorial of th
Multiple RTD Problems
Anagrams
Scheduling & Computation Problems
Combinatorics
50. The average of consecutive integers is the middle term - same for any set with terms that are evenly spaced. The average is the middle term. If the set has two middle terms - take the average of the two middle numbers. To find the average (middle ter
Median
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
Hidden Constraints
Permutation