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Test your basic knowledge |
GMAT Word Translations
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gmat
,
reading-and-comprehension
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If switching elements in a chosen set creates a different set - it is a ______________. There are usually fewer combinations than permutations.
Multiple Ratios
Shortcuts for Averages
Permutation
Probability
2. If X and Y are independent events - AND means multiply the probabilities. You will wind up with a smaller number - which indicates a lower probability of success. If X and Y are mutually exclusive - OR means add the probabilities. You will wind up wi
The Unknown Multiplier
Probability: Multiple Events
Arrangements with Constraints
Permutation
3. Make a chart when several quantities and multiple relationships. Ex: age problems - people in rows - times in columnsn 1. Assign variables - try to use 1 variable for simplicity. 2. Write equations - use leftover information/relationships to write eq
Permutation
Use Charts to Organize Variables
Probability: Multiple Events
Simple ratio problems
4. Many word problems with 'how many' are combinatorics. Many combinatorics masquerade as probability problems. Looking for analogies to known problem types will help find a viable solution. Break down complicated counting problems into separate decisio
Disguised Combinatorics
Typical rate (speed) relations
Combination & Permutation Formulas
Grouping
5. Will be closer to the number with the bigger weight. If the weights don't add to one - sum the weights and use that to divide in order to have a total weight of one. Weighted average = weight/sum of weights(data point) + weight/sum of weights(data po
Use Charts to Organize Variables
Ratios
Algebraic Translations
Weighted Averages
6. Put people or items into groups to maximize or minimize a characteristic in the group.
Grouping
Combinatorics & Probability
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
Simple ratio problems
7. Maximize or minimize a quantity by choosing optimal values.
Anagram Grids
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
Combination & Permutation Formulas
Optimization
8. Indicates how far from the average data points typically fall. A small SD indicates a set is clustered closely around the average while a large SD indicates the set is spread out widely. You will not need to calculate an exact SD. GMAT questions invo
Combination & Permutation Formulas
Rates & Work Problems
Standard Deviation (SD)
Multiple RTD Problems
9. Contains no variables; simply plug and chug. 1. Take careful inventory of qtys - numbers and units. 2. Use math techniques and tricks to solve; assign variables. 3. Draw diagrams - tables and charts to organize the information. 4. Read the problem ca
Anagram Grids
Population Problems
Computation problems
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
10. For counting the possible number of ways of putting n distinct objects in order - if there are no restrictions - is n! (n factorial).
Disguised Combinatorics
Weighted Averages
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Simple Factorials
11. Planning a timeline to coordinate events to a set of restrictions. Focus on the extreme scenarios: 1. Be aware of both explicit and hidden constraints.2. Choose the highest or lowest values of the variables. 3. Be very careful about rounding.
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
Median
Scheduling
Proportions
12. To combine ratios with common elements - multiply all of the ratios by the same number (a common multiple). Make the term you are working with the least common multiple of the current values.
Algebraic Translations
Typical time relations
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
Multiple Ratios
13. Marked by 3 primary components: rate - time & distance or work. Rate x Time = Distance (RT=D) Rate x Time= Work (RT = W)
Permutation
Grouping
Rates & Work Problems
Disguised Combinatorics
14. Determine the combined rate of all the workers working together: sum the individual working rates. If one agent is undoing the work of another - subtract their working rates. If a work problem involves time relations - then the calculations are just
Multiple Arrangements
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Working Together - Add the Rates
Reforming Difficult Problems
15. If a probability problem seems to require extensive calculation - try to reformulate it in a way that either takes advantage of symmetry in the problem or groups several individual cases together at once.
Overlapping Sets & Percents
The Unknown Multiplier
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
Reforming Difficult Problems
16. Don't just add and divide! If something moves the same distance twice but at different rates - then the average rate will NEVER be the average of the two given rates. The average rate will be closer to the slower of the two rates. Find the total comb
Anagrams
Combinatorics
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
Average Rate: RTD Problems
17. Check the problem to see if the are any implied constraints to variables like whole numbers. You can solve a data sufficiency question with little information if whole numbers are involved. You can use a table to generate - organize - and eliminate i
Arrangements with Constraints
Multiple Ratios
Combinatorics & Probability
Hidden Constraints
18. The numbers in the same row of an RTD table will always multiply across. The specifics of the problem determine which columns will add up into a total row. R x T = D 1. The kiss (or crash) ADD SAME ADD 2. the quarrel (away from) ADD SAME ADD 3. The c
Overlapping Sets & Percents
Sample Multiple RTD Problems
Grouping
Multiple RTD Problems
19. Can be solved with a proportion. 1. Set up a labeled proportion. 2. Cross-multiply to solve. Cancel factors out before multiplying to save time. Can cancel either vertically within a fraction or horizontally across the equals sign.
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
Multiple Arrangements
Simple ratio problems
Use Charts to Organize Variables
20. If you have to construct and manipulate completely abstract sets - use alphabetical order to make the sets a little more concrete. If the problem is complex - create a column chart. Each column is a number in the set. Put the columns in order with t
Entirely Unknown Sets
The 1-x Probability Trick
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
Multiple RTD Problems
21. Make a table with a few rows with NOW in the middle row. Work forwards and backwards from NOW using the problem's information. Maybe pick a smart number for the starting point - choose a number that makes the math simple.
Use a population chart
Arrangements with Constraints
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
Averages
22. A rearrangement of the letters in a word or phrase. Count the anagrams of a simple word with n letters by using n! When there are repeated items in a set - reduce the number of arrangements. The number of arrangements of a word is the factorial of th
Probability Trees
Prices & Quantities
Anagrams
Shortcuts for Averages
23. Basic motion problems involve rate - time and distance. Rate = ratio of distance and time Time = a unit of time Distance = a unit of distance - Use an RTD chart to solve. Fill in 2 of the variables then use the RT=D formula to solve.
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Shortcuts for Averages
Basic Work Problems
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
24. The order a ratio is given in is vital. To avoid reversals - always write units on either the ratio or the variables.
Combinatorics & Probability
Multiple RTD Problems
Proportions
Main forms of rate problems
25. I - or interval - amount of time given for the quantity to grow or decay S - or starting value - size of the population at time zero t - or time - is the variable (make sure all time units are the same) x - growth or decay factor - Population = S*x^(
Sample Multiple RTD Problems
Probability
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
Arrangements with Constraints
26. Difficult problems involve rates - times and distances for more than one trip or traveler - expand the RTD chart by adding rows for each trip.
Probability: Multiple Events
Combinatorics & the Domino Effect
Multiple RTD Problems
Optimization
27. Involve time - rate and work.- work: number of jobs completed or items produced - time: time spent working - rate: ratio of work to time - amount completed in one time unit Often have to calculate the work rate. Always express as jobs per unit of tim
Hidden Constraints
Basic Work Problems
Algebraic Translations
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
28. 1. Basic motion problems 2. Average rate problems 3. Simultaneous motion problems 4. Work problems 5. Population problems
Prices & Quantities
Combinatorics & Probability
Computation problems
Main forms of rate problems
29. For complicated ratio problems - the unknown multiplier technique is useful. Represent ratios with some unknown number/variable to reduce the number of variables and make the algebra easier. You can only use it once per problem. You should use it whe
Standard Deviation (SD)
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
Optimization & Grouping
The Unknown Multiplier
30. For sets with an odd number of values - the median is the middle value when in order. For sets with an even number of values - the median is the average of the two middle values. You maybe able to determine a specific value for the median even if unk
Weighted Averages
Disguised Combinatorics
Median
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
31. Express a relationship between two or more quantities. - the relationship they express is division. Can be expressed with the word 'to' - using a colon - or by writing a fraction. Can express a part-part relationship or part-whole. Cannot find the qu
Population Problems
Main forms of rate problems
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
Ratios
32. Combination: selection of items from a larger pool where the order doesn't matter. Number of r items chosen from a pool of n items: n!/(n-r)!*r! Permutation: selection of items from a larger pool where the order matters. n!/(n-r)!
Multiple Ratios
Overlapping Sets & Percents
Scheduling
Combination & Permutation Formulas
33. Multiply the probabilities of events in a sequence - taking earlier events into account. When you have a symmetrical problem with multiple equivalent cases - calculate the probability of one case (often using the domino effect rule above). Then multi
Arrangements with Constraints
Use Charts to Organize Variables
Anagram Grids
Combinatorics & the Domino Effect
34. 1. Assign variables - make up letters to represent unknown quantities to set up equations - choose meaningful letters - avoid subscripts - try to minimize the number of variables 2. Write equations - translate verbal relationships into math symbols.
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
Shortcuts for Averages
Algebraic Translations
Typical time relations
35. Avoid writing relationships backwards. Quickly check your translations with easy numbers. Write an unknown percent as a variable divided by 100. Translate bulk discounts and similar relationships carefully.
The Unknown Multiplier
Main forms of rate problems
Disguised Combinatorics
Translating Words Correctly
36. 1. Draw empty slots corresponding to each of the choices you have to make. 2. Fill in each slot with the number of options for that slot. Choose the most restricted opt ins first. 3. Multiply the numbers in the slots to find the total number of combi
Median
Slot Method (for problems where certain choices are restricted)
Overlapping Sets: Double-Set Matrix
Simple ratio problems
37. In certain types of OR problems - the probability of the desired event NOT happening may be easier to find. If on a problem - 'success' contains multiple possibilities -- especially if the wording contains phrases such as 'at least' and 'at most' --
Shortcuts for Averages
The 1-x Probability Trick
Equations for Exponential Growth or Decay
Multiple Ratios
38. Be able to write word problems with two different types of equations: - relate the quantities or numbers of different goods - relate the total values of the goods. 1. Assign variables - try to use as few variables as possible. 2. Write equations - fo
Prices & Quantities
Probability: Multiple Events
Multiple Ratios
Multiple Arrangements
39. Pay close attention to the wording of the problem to see if you need to use algebra to represent the unknowns.From the relationships in the table - set up an equation to solve for unknowns. With that information - fill in the rest of the double-set m
Sample Multiple RTD Problems
Entirely Unknown Sets
Multiple Ratios
Overlapping Sets & Algebraic Representation
40. Optimization: inversion between finding the min/max and the values givens typical. Be careful to round up or down appropriately. Grouping: determine the limiting factor on the number of complete groups. Think about the most or least evenly distribute
Simple Factorials
Multiple RTD Problems
Optimization & Grouping
Anagram Grids
41. Slower/faster - left... and met/arrived at
Simple Factorials
Combination & Permutation Formulas
Anagram Grids
Typical time relations
42. In some probability problems - both the 'desired' possibilities and the total possibilities require counting. Use combinatorial methods to calculate the numbers of possibilities. After finding the numbers - set up the probability as a fraction - 'win
Multiple RTD Problems
Combinatorics & Probability
Anagrams
Rates & Work Problems
43. = sum/# of terms If you know the average - use this formula: (average) x (# of terms) = (sum) - All that matters is the sum of the terms - not the individual terms. To keep track of two average formulas - set up an RTD-style table.
Averages
Scheduling
Translating Words Correctly
The 1-x Probability Trick
44. If a problem has unusual constraints - try counting arrangements without constraints first. Then subtract the forbidden arrangements. Glue Method: for problems in which items or people must be next to each other - pretend that the items 'stuck togeth
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Working Together - Add the Rates
Arrangements with Constraints
Scheduling & Computation Problems
45. Twice/half/n times as fast as - slower/faster - relative rates
Reforming Difficult Problems
Algebraic Translations
Typical rate (speed) relations
Combinatorics & the Domino Effect
46. Changes to Mean: Change in mean = New term - Old mean / New number of terms -- Using residuals: Residual = Data point - Mean - Keep track of signs of residuals. The residuals sum to zero in any set. All residuals cancel out.
Shortcuts for Averages
Basic Motion - The RTD Chart
Combinatorics & Probability
Working Together - Add the Rates
47. Venn diagrams should ONLY be used for problems that involve 3 sets with only 2 choices per set. Work from the inside out when filling in. When filling in each outer level - remember to subtract out the members in the inner levels. To determine the to
Entirely Unknown Sets
3-Set Problems: Venn Diagrams
Sample Multiple RTD Problems
Multiple Ratios
48. Counting the number of possibilities/ways you can arrange things.Fundamental Counting Principle: if you must make a number of separate decisions - then MULTIPLY the numbers of ways to make each individual decision to find the number of ways to make a
Reforming Difficult Problems
Median
Entirely Unknown Sets
Combinatorics
49. Quantity that expresses the chance - or likelihood - of an event. To find a probability - you need to know the total number of possibilities and the number of successful scenarios. All outcomes must be equally likely. Use a counting tree to find the
Average Rate: RTD Problems
Sample Multiple RTD Problems
Probability
Rates & Work Problems
50. The average of consecutive integers is the middle term - same for any set with terms that are evenly spaced. The average is the middle term. If the set has two middle terms - take the average of the two middle numbers. To find the average (middle ter
Averages
Combinatorics & the Domino Effect
Averages: Evenly Spaced Sets
Simple ratio problems