SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Chromosomal And Molecular Basis Of Inheritance
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. DNA repair that involves cleaving by nuclease and gap refilling by DNA polymerase and ligase.
Down Syndrome
DNA Excision Repair
Primer
Law of Segregation
2. Special site on a DNA molecule which replication begins. Indicated by a specific sequence of nucleotides.
Origins of Replication
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
Genomic Imprinting
'The DNA Replication Machine'
3. Can be distinguished from Watson and Crick'S semiconservative model in which the parent molecule somehow re-forms after the process of replication. Proved incorrect and support came out for the semiconservative model.
Conservative Model of DNA Replication
Process of DNA Polymerase Adding a Nucleotide
Mismatch Repair
Okazaki Fragments
4. The sex-determining region of Y. The gene on the Y chromosome required for the development of testes. In the absence of SRY - the gonads develop into ovaries. SRY is simply the trigger and other genes on the Y chromosome are required for normal testi
SRY
Transformation
Monosomic
Reciprocal Translocation
5. Alleles of genes on nonhomologous chromosome assort independently during gamete formation.
Farther apart
Law of Independent Assortment
Genetic Map
Transformation
6. An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome.
Genetic Map
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
DNA Ligase
Process of DNA Polymerase Adding a Nucleotide
7. A type of change in chromosome structure as a result of some sort of chromosomal breakage. Occurs when a chromosomal fragment repeats a segment. In some cases - if meiosis is in progress - a deleted fragment may become as an extra segment to a sister
Duplication
Extranuclear Genes
Females with XXX
Aneuploidy
8. Adenine doubles bonds thymine and guanine triple bonds cytosine.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
Extranuclear Genes
Nitrogenous Bases of DNA
Transformation
9. A compact object that is the inactive X in each cell of a female. Although female mammals inherit two X chromosomes - one becomes almost completely inactivated during embryonic development and lies along the inside of the nuclear envelope. Most genes
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
Nuclease
Barr body
Helicase
10. An abnormal number of a particular chromosome. A condition that arises when an aberrant gamete (a result of nondisjunction) unites with a normal one at fertilization.
Process of DNA Polymerase Adding a Nucleotide
Hemophilia
Primer
Aneuploidy
11. An enzyme that can start an RNA chain from scratch. Joins RNA nucleotides together one at a time - making a primer complimentary to the template strand at the location where initiation of the new DNA strand will occur.
Barr body
Mismatch Repair
Primase
Crossing Over
12. Each nucleotide added to a growing DNA strand is a nucleoside triphosphate - which is a sugar and a base with three phosphate groups. The triphosphate monomers used are chemically reactive - partly because their triphosphate tails have an unstable cl
Deletion
DNA Polymerase
Crossing Over
Process of DNA Polymerase Adding a Nucleotide
13. The system for determining sex in birds - some fishes - and some insects. The sex chromosome present in the ovum determines the sex of offspring. The sex chromosomes are designated Z and W. Females are ZW and males are ZZ.
Monosomy X (XO)
Mutant Phenotypes
The Z-W System
Cytogenetic Maps
14. Y-shaped region at the end of a replication bubble where the new strands of DNA are elongating.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Replication Fork
Farther apart
Down Syndrome
15. A occasional mishap that may occur during meiosis in which the members of a pair of chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II.
Nondisjunction
Lagging Strand
Linked Genes
Map Units
16. An enzyme that joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments - forming a single new DNA strand.
DNA Ligase
Barr body
Process of DNA Polymerase Adding a Nucleotide
DNA Structure
17. 1. deletion 2. duplication 3. inversion 4. translocation
Conservative Model of DNA Replication
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
Law of Independent Assortment
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
18. A result of nondisjuction of sex chromosomes.
Signal-strand Binding Protein
Parental Types
Primer
Turner Syndrome
19. An aneuploid condition. Usually the result of an extra chromosome 21 so that each body cell has a total of 47 chromosomes. Also termed trisomy 21. Includes characteristic facial feature - short stature - heart defects - susceptibility to respiratory
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
Down Syndrome
Leading Strand
The Z-W System
20. The most common phenotype in a natural population.
Lagging Strand
Law of Independent Assortment
Sex-Linked Gene
Wild Type
21. Helps relieve strain from the DNA double helix when helicase untwists it at the replication forks - causing tighter twisting ahead of the forks.
Extranuclear Genes
Topoisomerase
Law of Independent Assortment
Aneuploidy
22. The system for determining sex in grasshoppers - cockroaches - and some other insects. In these insects - there is only one type of chromosome - the X. Females are XX and males are XO. Sex of the offspring is determined by whether the sperm cell cont
Turner Syndrome
Nondisjunction
The X-O System
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
23. A result of nondisjuction of sex chromosomes. In this case - it is the result of an extra X chromosome in a male - producting XXY. People have male sex organs - but the testes are abnormally small and the man is sterile. Some breast enlargement and o
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Klinefelter Syndrome
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
Hemophilia
24. The general term for a chromosomal alteration in which an organism has more than two complete chromosome sets. There are more specific terms like triploidy (3n) and tetraploidy (4n) indicating 3 or 4 chromosomal sets - respectively.
Males with XYY
Polyploidy
Cytogenetic Maps
Nondisjunction
25. A way of expressing distances between genes - defining one map unit as equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency.
Nondisjunction
Map Units
Process of DNA Polymerase Adding a Nucleotide
Topoisomerase
26. The system for determining sex in most species of bees and ants. There are no sex chromosomes in these species - Females develop from fertilized ova and are thus diploid. Males - however - develop from unfertilized ova and are haploid; they have no f
Conservative Model of DNA Replication
The Haplo-diploid System
DNA Structure
Trisomic
27. Helps in repairing and proofreading DNA. An enzyme that cuts out a segment of the strand of DNA containing damage - creating a gap which is filled in with nucleotides properly paired with the nucleotides in the undamaged strand by DNA polymerase and
DNA Polymerase
Nuclease
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
DNA Excision Repair
28. A molecule that binds unpaired DNA strands - after its been separated by helicase - and stabilizes them until they serve as templates for the synthesis of new complementary strands.
Aneuploidy
Females with XXX
Signal-strand Binding Protein
Down Syndrome
29. A type of change in chromosome structure as a result of some sort of chromosomal breakage. Occurs when a chromosomal fragment lacking a centromere is lost. The affected chromosome is then missing certain genes.
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
'The DNA Replication Machine'
Deletion
Monosomy X (XO)
30. A gene located on either sex chromosome. In humans - the term has historically referred specifically to a gene on the X chromosome so fathers pass sex-linked alleles to all of their daughters and none of their sons while mothers can pass sex-linked a
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
Sex-Linked Gene
Inversion
Down Syndrome
31. An enzyme that catalyzes elongation of new DNA at a replication fork. As individual nucleotides align with complementary nucleotides along a template strand of DNA - DNA polymerase adds them to the growing end of the new DNA strand one by one.
Klinefelter Syndrome
DNA Polymerase
Duplication
Mismatch Repair
32. The short initial nucleotide chain put in place before DNA polymerase begins synthesizing in the 5' to 3' direction. May consist of either DNA or RNA. In initiating the replication of cellular DNA - the primer is a short stretch of RNA with an availa
SRY
The Haplo-diploid System
Nondisjunction
Primer
33. The new strand of DNA moving in the direction away from the replication fork. Synthesized as a series of segments in contrast to the leading strand that elongates continuously.
The Haplo-diploid System
Translocation
Linked Genes
Lagging Strand
34. A type of change in chromosome structure as a result of some sort of chromosomal breakage. Occurs when a segment within a chromosome reverses.
Inversion
DNA Structure
The X-Y System
Hemophilia
35. A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
Leading Strand
Topoisomerase
Transformation
SRY
36. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses. These results deviate from those expected from Mendel'S law of independent assortment.
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
Cytogenetic Maps
Genetic Map
Linked Genes
37. Genes located in organelles in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria and plastids contain small circular DNA molecules that carry genes coding for proteins and RNA and do not display Mendelian inheritance. For example - almost all the mitochondria come from th
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Extranuclear Genes
Klinefelter Syndrome
The X-Y System
38. A sex-linked recessive disorder. Defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting. When injured - people with this disease have prolonged bleeding because a firm clot is slow to form. Patients receive intravenous inje
Hemophilia
Transformation
Crossing Over
Law of Segregation
39. Traits that are alternatives to the wild type because they are due to alleles assumed to have arisen as changes - or mutations - in the wild-type allele.
Mutant Phenotypes
Nondisjunction
Transformation
Reciprocal Translocation
40. The mammalian system for determining sex. The sex of the offspring depends on whether the sperm cell contains an X chromosome or a Y.
Klinefelter Syndrome
The X-Y System
Cytogenetic Maps
The X-O System
41. A chromosome is missing in a aneuploid cell.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Monosomic
Barr body
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
42. Offspring that have new combinations of their parent'S phenotypes. When 50% of offspring are recombinants - geneticists say that there is a 50% frequency of recombination and is observed for any two genes that are located on different chromosomes.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Reciprocal Translocation
Recombinant Types (or Recombinants)
Lagging Strand
43. Disorder caused by structurally altered chromosomes - specifically a deletion in chromosome 5. A child born with this deletion is mentally retarded - has a small head with unusual facial features - and has a cry that sounds like the mewing of a cat.
Telomeres
Polyploidy
Signal-strand Binding Protein
Cri du Chat
44. One of the first imprinted genes to be identified. Although this growth factor is required for normal prenatal growth - only the paternal allele is expressed.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
SRY
Bacteriophages
Origins of Replication
45. A result of nondisjuction of sex chromosomes. Females are healthy and cannot be distinguished phenotypically from other females.
DNA Structure
Primase
Primer
Females with XXX
46. According to this theory - Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes - and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment.
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Farther apart
Inversion
Genetic Map
47. The ___________ two genes are - the higher the probability that a crossover will occur between them and therefore the higher the recombination frequency. This process can occasionally break the physical connection between genes on the same chromosome
Farther apart
Polyploidy
Barr body
Deletion
48. In this - all four strands of DNA following replication have a mixture of old and new DNA. Proved incorrect and support came out for the semiconservative model.
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
Down Syndrome
Telomeres
Telomerase
49. Occurs when a mismatched nucleotide evades proofreading by DNA polymerase or arise after DNA synthesis is completed.
Semiconservative Model of DNA Replication
Monosomic
Nondisjunction
Mismatch Repair
50. The process that accounts for the recombination of linked genes. Occurs while replicated homologous chromosomes are pair during prophase of meiosis I - one maternal chromatid and one paternal chromatid break at corresponding points and then are rejoi
Crossing Over
Monosomic
Mismatch Repair
Deletion