SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Chromosomal And Molecular Basis Of Inheritance
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
science
,
biology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A result of nondisjuction of sex chromosomes.
Females with XXX
Down Syndrome
Trisomic
Turner Syndrome
2. A type of change in chromosome structure as a result of some sort of chromosomal breakage. Occurs when a chromosomal fragment repeats a segment. In some cases - if meiosis is in progress - a deleted fragment may become as an extra segment to a sister
Okazaki Fragments
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Duplication
Map Units
3. Genes located in organelles in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria and plastids contain small circular DNA molecules that carry genes coding for proteins and RNA and do not display Mendelian inheritance. For example - almost all the mitochondria come from th
DNA Structure
Extranuclear Genes
Primer
Law of Independent Assortment
4. An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells - thus restoring their original length and compensating for the shortening that occurs during DNA replication. Made possible by the presence in the telomerase of a short
Replication Fork
'The DNA Replication Machine'
Telomerase
Translocation
5. A way of expressing distances between genes - defining one map unit as equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency.
DNA Ligase
DNA Excision Repair
Map Units
Replication Fork
6. A cancer implicated by chromosomal translocations. The exchange of a larger portion of chromosome 22 with a small fragment from a tip of chromosome 9 produces a much shorted - easily recognized chromosome 22 - called the Philadelphia chromosome. Affe
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
Parental Types
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Wild Type
7. An enzyme that catalyzes elongation of new DNA at a replication fork. As individual nucleotides align with complementary nucleotides along a template strand of DNA - DNA polymerase adds them to the growing end of the new DNA strand one by one.
Transformation
Deletion
Law of Independent Assortment
DNA Polymerase
8. A result of nondisjuction of sex chromosomes. Females are healthy and cannot be distinguished phenotypically from other females.
Females with XXX
SRY
Origins of Replication
Recombinant Types (or Recombinants)
9. Predicted by Watson and Crick. Suggests that when a double helix replicates - each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand - derived from the parent molecule - and one newly made strand.
Semiconservative Model of DNA Replication
Replication Fork
Recombinant Types (or Recombinants)
'The DNA Replication Machine'
10. The process that accounts for the recombination of linked genes. Occurs while replicated homologous chromosomes are pair during prophase of meiosis I - one maternal chromatid and one paternal chromatid break at corresponding points and then are rejoi
Crossing Over
Males with XYY
Farther apart
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
11. Traits that depend on which parent passed along the alleles for those traits. An exception to the display of Mendelian inheritance.
The Haplo-diploid System
Genomic Imprinting
DNA Structure
Replication Fork
12. The most common phenotype in a natural population.
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Wild Type
Klinefelter Syndrome
13. Can be distinguished from Watson and Crick'S semiconservative model in which the parent molecule somehow re-forms after the process of replication. Proved incorrect and support came out for the semiconservative model.
Hemophilia
Cytogenetic Maps
Conservative Model of DNA Replication
Wild Type
14. Y-shaped region at the end of a replication bubble where the new strands of DNA are elongating.
Genomic Imprinting
Replication Fork
Map Units
Primer
15. The most common type of translocation. A type of change in chromosome structure as a result of some sort of chromosomal breakage. In this - nonhomologous chromosome exchange fragments.
Linked Genes
Reciprocal Translocation
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Males with XYY
16. The system for determining sex in grasshoppers - cockroaches - and some other insects. In these insects - there is only one type of chromosome - the X. Females are XX and males are XO. Sex of the offspring is determined by whether the sperm cell cont
The X-O System
Telomeres
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Telomerase
17. Helps relieve strain from the DNA double helix when helicase untwists it at the replication forks - causing tighter twisting ahead of the forks.
Topoisomerase
Klinefelter Syndrome
Okazaki Fragments
Nuclease
18. An enzyme that joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments - forming a single new DNA strand.
Telomeres
Down Syndrome
DNA Ligase
Transformation
19. A molecule that binds unpaired DNA strands - after its been separated by helicase - and stabilizes them until they serve as templates for the synthesis of new complementary strands.
Translocation
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Signal-strand Binding Protein
The X-O System
20. The short initial nucleotide chain put in place before DNA polymerase begins synthesizing in the 5' to 3' direction. May consist of either DNA or RNA. In initiating the replication of cellular DNA - the primer is a short stretch of RNA with an availa
Primase
Primer
'The DNA Replication Machine'
Bacteriophages
21. An abnormal number of a particular chromosome. A condition that arises when an aberrant gamete (a result of nondisjunction) unites with a normal one at fertilization.
Reciprocal Translocation
Aneuploidy
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
SRY
22. The ___________ two genes are - the higher the probability that a crossover will occur between them and therefore the higher the recombination frequency. This process can occasionally break the physical connection between genes on the same chromosome
Farther apart
Genetic Map
The X-Y System
Transformation
23. Nucleotide sequences found in eukaryotic chromosomal DNA that make up for the fact that DNA polymerases cannot replicate the ends of DNA strands since there is no 3' end there. Do not contain genes but rather the DNA has multiple repetitions of one s
Transformation
Origins of Replication
Nitrogenous Bases of DNA
Telomeres
24. Offspring that inherit a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes.
Mismatch Repair
Genetic Map
Parental Types
DNA Polymerase
25. A type of change in chromosome structure as a result of some sort of chromosomal breakage. Occurs when a chromosomal fragment breaks and joins a nonhomologous chromosome.
Males with XYY
Barr body
Deletion
Translocation
26. An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome.
Origins of Replication
Inversion
The Z-W System
Genetic Map
27. The new strand of DNA moving in the direction away from the replication fork. Synthesized as a series of segments in contrast to the leading strand that elongates continuously.
Lagging Strand
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
The X-O System
Barr body
28. Helps in repairing and proofreading DNA. An enzyme that cuts out a segment of the strand of DNA containing damage - creating a gap which is filled in with nucleotides properly paired with the nucleotides in the undamaged strand by DNA polymerase and
DNA Polymerase
Genetic Map
Nuclease
Law of Independent Assortment
29. A type of change in chromosome structure as a result of some sort of chromosomal breakage. Occurs when a chromosomal fragment lacking a centromere is lost. The affected chromosome is then missing certain genes.
Deletion
'The DNA Replication Machine'
Cri du Chat
Telomerase
30. Disorder caused by structurally altered chromosomes - specifically a deletion in chromosome 5. A child born with this deletion is mentally retarded - has a small head with unusual facial features - and has a cry that sounds like the mewing of a cat.
Monosomic
Primase
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Cri du Chat
31. The strand of DNA that is added on to the template strand one at a time as the fork progresses--with the DNA polymerase nestled in the replication fork. Moves in the 5' to 3' direction.
Leading Strand
Cri du Chat
Barr body
Linked Genes
32. The system for determining sex in birds - some fishes - and some insects. The sex chromosome present in the ovum determines the sex of offspring. The sex chromosomes are designated Z and W. Females are ZW and males are ZZ.
Cytogenetic Maps
Down Syndrome
DNA Excision Repair
The Z-W System
33. A human sex-linked disorder. A disease characterized by progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination. Affected individuals rarely live past their early 20s. A result of the absence of a key muscle protein called dystrophin.
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
The X-O System
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Law of Independent Assortment
34. Offspring that have new combinations of their parent'S phenotypes. When 50% of offspring are recombinants - geneticists say that there is a 50% frequency of recombination and is observed for any two genes that are located on different chromosomes.
Bacteriophages
Turner Syndrome
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Recombinant Types (or Recombinants)
35. The system for determining sex in most species of bees and ants. There are no sex chromosomes in these species - Females develop from fertilized ova and are thus diploid. Males - however - develop from unfertilized ova and are haploid; they have no f
The Haplo-diploid System
Signal-strand Binding Protein
Turner Syndrome
Parental Types
36. Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses. These results deviate from those expected from Mendel'S law of independent assortment.
Linked Genes
Semiconservative Model of DNA Replication
Klinefelter Syndrome
Down Syndrome
37. A gene located on either sex chromosome. In humans - the term has historically referred specifically to a gene on the X chromosome so fathers pass sex-linked alleles to all of their daughters and none of their sons while mothers can pass sex-linked a
Translocation
Linkage Map
Sex-Linked Gene
Law of Segregation
38. In this - all four strands of DNA following replication have a mixture of old and new DNA. Proved incorrect and support came out for the semiconservative model.
Trisomic
Deletion
Bacteriophages
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
39. One of the first imprinted genes to be identified. Although this growth factor is required for normal prenatal growth - only the paternal allele is expressed.
'The DNA Replication Machine'
Crossing Over
Klinefelter Syndrome
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (Igf2)
40. According to this theory - Mendelian genes have specific loci (positions) on chromosomes - and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment.
Klinefelter Syndrome
Telomerase
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Telomeres
41. A result of nondisjuction of sex chromosomes. Do not exhibit any well-defined syndrome but tend to be somewhat taller than average.
Klinefelter Syndrome
Genetic Map
Males with XYY
Primase
42. A occasional mishap that may occur during meiosis in which the members of a pair of chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II.
Monosomy X (XO)
Females with XXX
Nondisjunction
DNA Structure
43. The two alleles for each gene separate during gamete formation.
Telomerase
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
Law of Segregation
Semiconservative Model of DNA Replication
44. Alleles of genes on nonhomologous chromosome assort independently during gamete formation.
Extranuclear Genes
Law of Independent Assortment
Replication Fork
Signal-strand Binding Protein
45. Each nucleotide (monomer) consists of a hydrophobic nitrogenous base (T - A - C - or G) - the sugar dioxyribose - and a phosphate group. The phosphate of one nucleotide is attached to the sugar of the next - making up the 'backbone' of alternating ph
DNA Structure
Nondisjunction
Process of DNA Polymerase Adding a Nucleotide
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
46. Phenotypically female but are sterile because their sex organs do not mature. When provided with estrogen replacement therapy - girls with Turners develop secondary sex characteristics.
Telomeres
Genetic Map
DNA Ligase
Monosomy X (XO)
47. An enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks - separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands. This untwisting causes tighter twisting and strain ahead of the replication forks which is relieved
Helicase
Females with XXX
Telomerase
Sex-Linked Gene
48. The general term for a chromosomal alteration in which an organism has more than two complete chromosome sets. There are more specific terms like triploidy (3n) and tetraploidy (4n) indicating 3 or 4 chromosomal sets - respectively.
Crossing Over
'The DNA Replication Machine'
Polyploidy
Helicase
49. The segments of the lagging strand that get added to the template strand. The segments get joined together by DNA ligase.
Dispersive Model of DNA Replication
Topoisomerase
Bacteriophages
Okazaki Fragments
50. 1. deletion 2. duplication 3. inversion 4. translocation
Wild Type
4 Type of Changes in Chromosome Structure as a Result of Chromosome Breakage
Turner Syndrome
The Z-W System