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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)
stages of sleep
hypothalamus
association area
zygote
2. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
affinity
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
anterograde
equipotentiality
3. The visual image of the world on the retina
hair cells
proximal image
cataplexy
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
4. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid
thalamus
pupil
parathyroid
sleep spindles
5. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods
delta activity
retinal ganglion cells
diencephalon
scotopic vision
6. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb
Cranial Nerve X
Cranial Nerves
medial nucleus of the amygdala
autonomic nervous system
7. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
equipotentiality
substantia nigra
GABA
hypothalamus
8. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)
behavioral regulation
reticular formation
monozygotic twins
delta activity
9. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei
temporal summation
projection fiber
mammillary bodies
REM rebound
10. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)
diploid
sleep spindles
sexual dimorphic behavior
the 7 major neurotransmitters
11. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
myelin sheath
effects of repeated administration
path of cerebrospinal fluid
receptive field
12. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
vitreous humor
midbrain
accommodation (bodily)
monoamines
13. Research indicates that the expressing of negative emotions is associated with increased immune function; inhibiting negative emotions with decreasing immune function
estrous cycle
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
indirect antagonists
14. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods
umami
hypothalamus + thalamus
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
superior colliculi
15. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system
proximal image
inferior colliculi
midbrain
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
16. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
antimanics
substantia nigra
noncompetitive binding
subarachnoid space
17. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
Cranial Nerve V
amygdala
agonist
medulla & pons
18. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior
anterior hypothalamus
accommodation (bodily)
nigrostriatal system
Frontal lobe
19. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex
amygdala
estrous cycle
temporal lobes
nystagmus
20. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)
K Complexes
aphasia
zygote
affinity
21. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
equipotentiality
Ketamine
stages of sleep
22. Caudate nucleus and putamen
osmoreceptors
behavioral regulation
nigrostriatal system
neostriatum
23. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
tolerance
24. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
tardive dyskinesia
Thompson & Spencer
nystagmus
cataplexy
25. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)
retinal ganglion cells
efferent neurons
fusiform face area
medial nucleus of the amygdala
26. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
nucleotides
suprachiasmatic nucleus
parietal lobes
norepinephrine
27. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
Ketamine
All-or-None Law
Cranial Nerve XII
locus coeruleus
28. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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29. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential
myelin sheath
iris
hypothalamus
receptive field
30. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity
cerebral cortex
basic rest-activity cycle
GABA
relative refractory period
31. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes
receptor blockers
tyrosine
cataplexy
path of lightwaves entering eye
32. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red
subarachnoid space
tritanopia
alpha activity
projection fiber
33. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body
motor cortex
Ketamine
ipsilateral
homeostasis
34. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
amygdala
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
collateral sprouting
medial nucleus of the amygdala
35. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon
substantia nigra
reticular formation
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
path of cerebrospinal fluid
36. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine
tritanopia
Thompson & Spencer
tardive dyskinesia
Bruce effect
37. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors
basal forebrain
reticulum
basal ganglia
cerebellum
38. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
cataplexy
receptor blockers
Cranial Nerve VII
39. Holds the lens in place
suspensory ligament
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
polysomnograms
40. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior
behavioral regulation
Cranial Nerve IV
sexual dimorphic behavior
L-Dopa
41. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.
monozygotic twins
endocrine system
slow-wave sleep
ipsilateral
42. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance
Cranial Nerve VIII
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
zygosity
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
43. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems
efferent neurons
reticular formation
acetylcholine
ventricles
44. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)
Cranial Nerve X
proximate biological considerations
tegmentum
red nucleus + substantia nigra
45. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold
mesencephalon
motor cortex
cutaneous senses
triggers of behavior
46. Midbrain - medulla and the pons
brainstem
proximate biological considerations
Farber et al. (1995)
gonad
47. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
sensorimotor cortex
Whitten effect
non-REM sleep
zygote
48. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye
thyroid
Cranial Nerve IV
nucleotides
motor cortex
49. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery
receptive field
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
bregma
cerebellum
50. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit
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