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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The viscous substance between cornea and lens






2. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells






3. Found in the hypothalamus - function to maintain the water balance in the body






4. Olfactory Nerve - smell






5. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






6. Midbrain - medulla and the pons






7. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






8. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*






9. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)






10. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation






11. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses






12. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges






13. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)






14. Transparent substance between lens and retina






15. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision






16. An ovary or teste






17. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs






18. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina






19. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)






20. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor






21. ...






22. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity






23. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm






24. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion






25. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron






26. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory






27. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex






28. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit

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29. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue






30. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle






31. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)






32. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






33. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity






34. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration






35. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)






36. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin






37. Decreasing effects of a medication due to repeated administration






38. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






39. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice






40. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)






41. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp






42. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus






43. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex






44. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum






45. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






46. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted






47. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






48. Governs eating/drinking (lateral and ventromedial hypothalami) and sexual activity (anterior portion






49. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red






50. Projects to ventral tegmental area






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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