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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system
species- specific reactions
effects of repeated administration
inferior colliculi
monozygotic twins
2. 'covering'
gonad
L-Dopa
tegmentum
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
3. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra
tegmentum
projection areas
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
Glial cells
4. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
parathyroid
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
medulla & pons
hypothalamus + thalamus
5. Portion of a sensory field to which a cell responds
galvanic skin response (GSR)
cerebellum
substantia nigra
receptive field
6. Has neurons for reflexes
contralateral
spinal cord
REM rebound
zygote
7. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
Cranial Nerve VII
monoamines
midbrain
aphasia
8. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation
All-or-None Law
meninges
anterior hypothalamus
vitreous humor
9. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold
cutaneous senses
dirty medications; clean medications
sleep paralysis
endorphin & enkephalin
10. Important to motor system
Cranial Nerve VI
motor cortex
red nucleus + substantia nigra
non-REM sleep
11. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid
projection area
parathyroid
reticular formation
autonomic nervous system
12. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior
tritanopia
mesencephalon
tegmentum
behavioral regulation
13. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
ionotropic receptors
receptive field
Glial cells
14. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner
stages of sleep
subcortical structures
septum
occipital lobes
15. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
tyrosine
Glial cells
noncompetitive binding
association area
16. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity
scotopic vision
ultimate biological considerations
motor cortex
effects of repeated administration
17. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)
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18. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex
melatonin
hypothalamus
Mesocortical system
substantia nigra
19. Holds the lens in place
fornix
suspensory ligament
endocrine system
hypothalamus
20. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)
proximate biological considerations
Cranial Nerve IX
noncompetitive binding
temporal lobes
21. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)
biological etiology of schizophrenia
hypothalamus
anterior hypothalamus
osmoregulation
22. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
efferent neurons
cingulate gyrus
locus coeruleus
cerebellum
23. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)
sensorimotor cortex
Mesolimbic System
synthesis-activation hypothesis
meninges
24. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
Cranial Nerve XII
beta activity
antimanics
ventricles
25. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
reciprocal innervation
Ketamine
slow-wave sleep
temporal summation
26. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV
theta activity
law of specific nerve energies
slow-wave sleep
tyrosine
27. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
cataplexy
locus coeruleus
reticulum
trichromatic levels of color vision
28. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness
Bruce effect
lesions in the reticular activating system
subcortical structures
Cranial Nerve IV
29. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi
amygdala
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
tectum
homeostasis
30. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
monozygotic twins
relative refractory period
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
31. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
tardive dyskinesia
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
locus coeruleus
32. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
norepinephrine
agonist
direct antagonist
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
33. Serotonin = 5-HT -regulation of mood - anxiety - aggression - sleep - appetite - sexuality -rostral and caudal raphe nuclei
Cranial Nerve I
mesencephalon
Cranial Nerve XII
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
34. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion
association areas; projection areas
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
amacrine cells
Cranial Nerve X
35. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
endocrine system
tectum
hypocretin
36. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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37. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
suprachiasmatic nucleus
endorphin
hippocampus
tritanopia
38. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
effects of repeated administration
association areas; projection areas
ovaries/testes
collateral sprouting
39. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation
dopaminergic systems
hair cells
slow-wave sleep
REM rebound
40. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system
suspensory ligament
cerebellum
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
superior colliculi
41. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy
nucleotides
basal ganglia
hypocretin
Vandenbergh effect
42. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)
suprachiasmatic nucleus
cerebellum
synthesis-activation hypothesis
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
43. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)
amygdala
Glial cells
temporal summation
spatial summation
44. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
occipital lobes
brainstem
temporal lobes
Thompson & Spencer
45. Optic Nerve - sight
meninges
gonad
Cranial Nerve II
absolute refractory periods
46. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice
aqueous humor
efferent neurons
Bruce effect
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
47. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus
Mesolimbic System
gonad
osmoreceptors
Glial cells
48. Located in the midbrain - a group of neurons which produce dopamine and degenerate in Parkinson'S Disease
substantia nigra
occipital lobes
basal forebrain
medial nucleus of the amygdala
49. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs
prefrontal cortex
ventricles
medial nucleus of the amygdala
noncompetitive binding
50. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
tegmentum
sensorimotor cortex
supernormal stimulus
Cranial Nerves
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