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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A behavior that has different forms or occurs with different probabilities or under different circumstances in males than females






2. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep






3. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)






4. Lesions to this brain structure that is crucial to memory will produce anterograde amnesia






5. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb






6. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






7. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue






8. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine






9. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine






10. Norepinephrine and serotonin






11. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow






12. Caudate nucleus and putamen






13. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors






14. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications






15. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)






16. 'little brain'






17. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






18. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






19. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






20. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2






21. Fluid filled cavities in the middle of the brain - linking to the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord; this fluid is cerebrospinal fluid






22. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress






23. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)






24. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract






25. Are found in the diencephalon






26. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)






27. Phantom limb pain - hypnotic induction and the success rate of placebo treatments






28. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods






29. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important






30. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina






31. ...






32. Occurs at the onset of puberty; a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin






33. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






34. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)






35. In the posterior frontal lobe - contains the somatosensory cortex (touch - pressure - temperature - pain)






36. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges






37. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia






38. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






39. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)

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40. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)






41. Absolute; relative






42. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






43. Portion of a sensory field to which a cell responds






44. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad






45. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation






46. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior






47. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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48. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation






49. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms






50. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell







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