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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
Start Test
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
sensitivity
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
association area
Bruce effect
2. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity
effects of repeated administration
receptive field
suprachiasmatic nucleus
polysomnograms
3. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
occipital lobes
path of cerebrospinal fluid
tolerance
biological foundations
4. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
Korsakoff'S amnesia
nucleotides
lipid soluble drugs/medications
cingulate gyrus
5. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system
efferent neurons
dopaminergic systems
GABA
thalamus
6. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
ultimate biological considerations
Farber et al. (1995)
7. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
locus coeruleus
tectum
brainstem
melatonin
8. Includes the tectum and tegmentum
pineal gland
spinal cord
mesencephalon
Yerkes-Dodson Law
9. Is used to treat Parkinson'S Disease
tyrosine
endocrine system
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
L-Dopa
10. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists
ipsilateral
cerebral cortex
non-competitive bonding
direct antagonist
11. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine
proximate biological considerations
reaction time
subdural space
nucleotides
12. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
motor cortex
zygosity
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
13. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
suprachiasmatic nucleus
amygdala
autonomic nervous system
mammillary bodies
14. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
subarachnoid space
spinal cord
myelin sheath
medulla & pons
15. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep
projection areas
sleep paralysis
estrous cycle
Cranial Nerve III
16. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone
Bruce effect
adrenal cortex
monoamine neurotransmitters
contralateral
17. Midbrain - medulla and the pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
non-competitive binding
brainstem
18. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)
retinal ganglion cells
species- specific reactions
pineal gland
corpus callosum
19. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
path of cerebrospinal fluid
tegmentum
biological etiology of schizophrenia
Cranial Nerve VII
20. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.
progesterone
endocrine system
melatonin
extirpation
21. Abducens Nerve - moves eye
stages of sleep
amygdala
Cranial Nerve VI
homeostatic regulation
22. Trigerminal Nerve - face sensation
sexual dimorphic behavior
substantia nigra
Cranial Nerve V
projection fiber
23. Regulates body temperature
nigrostriatal system
Yerkes-Dodson Law
hypothalamus
mesencephalon
24. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity
affinity
graded potentials
supernormal stimulus
basic rest-activity cycle
25. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)
biological etiology of schizophrenia
menstrual cycle
projection fiber
prefrontal hypoactivity
26. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep
pupil
basic rest-activity cycle
consummatory stimulus
Cranial Nerve IV
27. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)
hypothalamus
aphasia
mesencephalon
Cranial Nerve I
28. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
sleep
sensitivity
ultimate biological considerations
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
29. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid
myelin sheath
effects of repeated administration
menstrual cycle
parathyroid
30. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi
hippocampus
tectum
Cranial Nerve V
nucleotides
31. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions
bregma
association area
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
Mesocortical system
32. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
monoamines
diencephalon
amacrine cells
hypnagogic activity
33. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)
cerebellum
tyrosine
synthesis-activation hypothesis
amygdala
34. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
sensorimotor cortex
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
subdural space
Cranial Nerve IX
35. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
meninges
neostriatum
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
diencephalon
36. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
sleep attack
basal ganglia
REM sleep
HPA Axis
37. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates
Cranial Nerves
zygosity
cerebellum
ionotropic receptors
38. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened
association area
Hebb rule
proximate biological considerations
receptor blockers
39. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
species- specific reactions
H.M
Cranial Nerve XII
cerebellum
40. Automatic and rapidly acquired reactions - not attributable to reinforcement or conditioning
reciprocal innervation
species- specific reactions
antagonist
Vandenbergh effect
41. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
monoamines
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
pheromone
Cranial Nerve III
42. Absolute; relative
anterior hypothalamus
agonist
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
tolerance
43. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates
occipital lobes
temporal lobes
aphasia
Cranial Nerve VII
44. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
noncompetitive binding
graded potentials
K Complexes
parietal lobes
45. Sleepwalking - sleep talking
amacrine cells
hypnagogic activity
fornix
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
46. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
sensorimotor cortex
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
tolerance
the adrenal medulla
47. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
lipid soluble drugs/medications
endorphin & enkephalin
proximate biological considerations
ultimate biological considerations
48. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory
Cranial Nerve III
spinal cord
supernormal stimulus
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
49. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)
menstrual cycle
Cranial Nerve XI
ovaries/testes
adrenal cortex
50. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red
Cranial Nerve VII
amygdala
tritanopia
beta activity