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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity
collateral sprouting
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
amygdala
Yerkes-Dodson Law
2. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)
L-Dopa
receptive field
tyrosine
gonad
3. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important
homeostatic regulation
species- specific reactions
parietal lobes
basal forebrain
4. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
scotopic vision
tectum
Hobson & McCarley
5. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
accommodation (bodily)
path of cerebrospinal fluid
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
6. 'little net'
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
estrous cycle
reticulum
proximate biological considerations
7. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted
pheromone
Cranial Nerve XII
Vandenbergh effect
sensorimotor cortex
8. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision
fornix
meninges
trichromatic levels of color vision
thyroid
9. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults
subarachnoid space
substantia nigra
affinity
Ketamine
10. Located underneath the cerebral cortex and includes the bottom portion of the forebrain - cerebellum - basal ganglia - medulla - pons - midbrain - thalamus - hypothalamus - amygdala - hippocampus
septal rage
accommodation (bodily)
amygdala
subcortical structures
11. The visual image of the world on the retina
nigrostriatal system
polysomnograms
proximal image
alpha activity
12. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
tegmentum
agonist
ventricles
ovaries/testes
13. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory
Cranial Nerve XII
tolerance
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Cranial Nerve VII
14. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
medulla & pons
ovaries/testes
15. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
GABA
Glial cells
hypnagogic activity
cerebellum
16. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
proximal image
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
fornix
Cranial Nerve XII
17. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions
hindbrain
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
association area
fusiform face area
18. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
extirpation
consummatory stimulus
substantia nigra
sexual dimorphic behavior
19. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems
mesencephalon
slow-wave sleep
efferent neurons
sensorimotor cortex
20. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus
substantia nigra
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
equipotentiality
norepinephrine
21. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
medulla & pons
Mesocortical system
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
lesions in the reticular activating system
22. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
basal forebrain
pituitary gland
indirect antagonists
relative refractory period
23. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity
basic rest-activity cycle
Cranial Nerve VIII
species- specific reactions
effects of repeated administration
24. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
cerebellum
Cranial Nerve XI
basal ganglia
trichromatic levels of color vision
25. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication
Cranial Nerve IV
Cranial Nerve X
pituitary gland
affinity
26. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body
monoamine neurotransmitters
Vomeronasal Organ
effects of repeated administration
contralateral
27. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
suprachiasmatic nucleus
equipotentiality
retinal ganglion cells
absolute refractory periods
28. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm
motor cortex
substantia nigra
tectum
zygote
29. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion
osmoregulation
Cranial Nerve X
dopaminergic systems
cerebral cortex
30. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia
reticulum
cerebellum
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
31. Includes the tectum and tegmentum
subarachnoid space
cerebellum
mesencephalon
cerebellum
32. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine
Whitten effect
sleep paralysis
graded potentials
hippocampus
33. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
tectum
subarachnoid space
homeostasis
Cranial Nerve I
34. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential
the adrenal medulla
myelin sheath
hypothalamus
vitreous humor
35. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
All-or-None Law
reciprocal innervation
association areas; projection areas
Frontal lobe
36. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior
ventricles
septal rage
Bruce effect
tectum
37. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon
polysomnograms
reticular formation
tectum
spinal cord
38. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice
Lee-Boot effect
Mesolimbic System
indirect antagonists
mesencephalon
39. The maintenance of water balance in the body
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Cranial Nerve I
trichromatic levels of color vision
osmoregulation
40. Optic Nerve - sight
Cranial Nerve II
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Thompson & Spencer
amygdala
41. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
Whitten effect
subarachnoid space
tegmentum
lipid soluble drugs/medications
42. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz
theta activity
suspensory ligament
sign stimulus
temporal lobes
43. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
synthesis-activation hypothesis
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
the adrenal medulla
brainstem
44. Sleepwalking - sleep talking
hypocretin
hypnagogic activity
H.M
sleep attack
45. Olfactory Nerve - smell
Cranial Nerve I
cerebellum
monoamine neurotransmitters
tectum
46. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.
L-Dopa
biological etiology of schizophrenia
slow-wave sleep
Thompson & Spencer
47. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety
brainstem
biological etiology of schizophrenia
homeostatic regulation
endorphin
48. ...
cerebellum
law of specific nerve energies
subcortical structures
biological foundations
49. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
basic rest-activity cycle
non-competitive bonding
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
antimanics
50. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
subdural space
K Complexes
suprachiasmatic nucleus
hypothalamus
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