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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Combines input from diverse brain regions; receives sensory information/sends motor impulses
behavioral regulation
association areas; projection areas
association area
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
2. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
stages of sleep
effects of repeated administration
mesencephalon
Vandenbergh effect
3. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
melatonin
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
polysomnograms
4. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon
Farber et al. (1995)
osmoreceptors
reticular formation
species- specific reactions
5. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
brainstem
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
subdural space
HPA Axis
6. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
hypothalamus
noncompetitive binding
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
Bem'S Androgyny studies
7. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side
graded potentials
reticular formation
temporal lobes
lens
8. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important
polysomnograms
homeostatic regulation
the adrenal medulla
corpus callosum
9. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)
triggers of behavior
amygdala
spinal cord
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
10. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
absolute refractory periods
H.M
retinal ganglion cells
tolerance
11. 'little brain'
cerebellum
ovaries/testes
Korsakoff'S amnesia
accommodation (bodily)
12. Binding of drug to receptor site that doesn'T interfere with the principal ligand
thyroid
Cranial Nerve VI
noncompetitive binding
cerebellum
13. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body
nystagmus
the adrenal medulla
Cranial Nerve VI
contralateral
14. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior
septal rage
species- specific reactions
menstrual cycle
acetylcholine
15. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults
ipsilateral
reciprocal innervation
septal rage
Ketamine
16. Fluid filled cavities in the middle of the brain - linking to the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord; this fluid is cerebrospinal fluid
projection areas
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
tyrosine
ventricles
17. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
L-Dopa
sensitivity
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
18. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)
aphasia
noncompetitive binding
substantia nigra
spinal cord
19. In the limbic system - is a fiber bundle - connects hippocampus with stuff (including the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus)
trichromatic levels of color vision
osmoregulation
pupil
fornix
20. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz
projection areas
theta activity
endocrine system
Cranial Nerve IV
21. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
anterior hypothalamus
nystagmus
proximate biological considerations
consummatory stimulus
22. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision
ionotropic receptors
sign stimulus
Cranial Nerve I
trichromatic levels of color vision
23. Forebrain -band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Lee-Boot effect
vitreous humor
corpus callosum
lesions in the reticular activating system
24. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex
temporal lobes
noncompetitive binding
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
HPA Axis
25. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
scotopic vision
tyrosine
HPA Axis
temporal summation
26. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
tectum
endogenous
27. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
Mesocortical system
equipotentiality
medulla & pons
substantia nigra
28. Midbrain - medulla and the pons
brainstem
association areas; projection areas
aphasia
effects of repeated administration
29. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
effects of repeated administration
antimanics
ethology
fornix
30. Follow Hering'S Opponent Process of color vision - and only have two types: red-green and yellow-blue; other levels of color vision are tri-chromatic
tardive dyskinesia
endogenous
retinal ganglion cells
zygosity
31. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine
substantia nigra
nucleotides
the adrenal medulla
tritanopia
32. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina
sign stimulus
extirpation
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
path of lightwaves entering eye
33. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine
cingulate gyrus
gonad
tardive dyskinesia
Cranial Nerve I
34. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red
Yerkes-Dodson Law
tritanopia
ventricles
basal ganglia
35. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)
Cranial Nerves
monoamines
galvanic skin response (GSR)
fusiform face area
36. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia
ultimate biological considerations
monoamines
sexual dimorphic behavior
prefrontal hypoactivity
37. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)
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38. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
biological etiology of schizophrenia
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
antagonist
Coolidge effect
39. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye
Cranial Nerve IV
medulla & pons
cerebellum
Coolidge effect
40. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)
hypothalamus
temporal summation
superior colliculi
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
41. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity
Coolidge effect
anterior hypothalamus
zygote
lesions in the reticular activating system
42. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine
Whitten effect
H.M
zygosity
dopaminergic systems
43. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
Mesocortical system
fusiform face area
tegmentum
44. Moving forward
anterograde
homeostasis
effects of repeated administration
parathyroid
45. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)
H.M
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
stages of sleep
lens
46. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
melatonin
tyrosine
contralateral
antimanics
47. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia
slow-wave sleep
pupil
basal forebrain
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
48. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
acetylcholine
occipital lobes
tectum
49. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity
zygosity
melatonin
collateral sprouting
pineal gland
50. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
prefrontal cortex
cingulate gyrus
substantia nigra
osmoregulation
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