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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)
biological etiology of schizophrenia
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
monoamine neurotransmitters
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
2. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
efferent neurons
locus coeruleus
tegmentum
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
3. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs
osmoreceptors
anterograde
noncompetitive binding
homeostasis
4. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)
Hobson & McCarley
tolerance
REM sleep
amygdala
5. Made from within - natural
occipital lobes
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
indirect antagonists
endogenous
6. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
endocrine system
Vomeronasal Organ
noncompetitive binding
7. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods
retinal ganglion cells
path of lightwaves entering eye
umami
inferior colliculi
8. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi
dopaminergic systems
spatial summation
cerebral cortex
tectum
9. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)
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10. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
reaction time
norepinephrine
melatonin
11. Regulates body temperature
cutaneous senses
hypothalamus
alpha activity
hypnagogic activity
12. Sleepwalking - sleep talking
hypnagogic activity
cerebral cortex
homeostatic regulation
suprachiasmatic nucleus
13. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system
Vomeronasal Organ
norepinephrine
dopaminergic systems
absolute refractory periods
14. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm
association areas; projection areas
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
zygote
reciprocal innervation
15. Abducens Nerve - moves eye
alpha activity
Hebb rule
Cranial Nerve VI
iris
16. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
tolerance
hypothalamus
Cranial Nerve XII
non-REM sleep
17. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
hypothalamus
projection area
locus coeruleus
18. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance
hypothalamus + thalamus
Cranial Nerve VIII
projection area
tegmentum
19. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra
norepinephrine
sleep attack
tegmentum
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
20. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)
ovaries/testes
anterograde
diencephalon
Hebb rule
21. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods
trichromatic levels of color vision
scotopic vision
homeostasis
tectum
22. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration
gonad
menstrual cycle
nystagmus
basal forebrain
23. An axon of a neuron in one region of the brain whose terminals form synapses with neurons in another region
neostriatum
galvanic skin response (GSR)
projection fiber
receptive field
24. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
proximate biological considerations
hypocretin
phenotype
biological foundations
25. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system
autonomic nervous system
superior colliculi
parietal lobes
indirect antagonists
26. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles
tyrosine
progesterone
alpha activity
cataplexy
27. Automatic and rapidly acquired reactions - not attributable to reinforcement or conditioning
endorphin & enkephalin
species- specific reactions
efferent neurons
subarachnoid space
28. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain
the adrenal medulla
norepinephrine
monoamines
subarachnoid space
29. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
phenotype
efferent neurons
stages of sleep
equipotentiality
30. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
diploid
brainstem
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
31. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation
All-or-None Law
prefrontal hypoactivity
occipital lobes
equipotentiality
32. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates
non-competitive binding
species- specific reactions
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
estrous cycle
33. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
receptive field
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
34. Research indicates that the expressing of negative emotions is associated with increased immune function; inhibiting negative emotions with decreasing immune function
amacrine cells
tegmentum
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
spinal cord
35. Occurs when an external stimulation - regardless of intensity - will not trigger a new action potential
absolute refractory periods
consummatory stimulus
autolytic
tectum
36. Combines input from diverse brain regions; receives sensory information/sends motor impulses
pupil
retinal ganglion cells
amygdala
association areas; projection areas
37. Transparent substance between lens and retina
thalamus
menstrual cycle
progesterone
vitreous humor
38. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory
tardive dyskinesia
law of specific nerve energies
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
hippocampus
39. The viscous substance between cornea and lens
Bruce effect
GABA
cerebellum
aqueous humor
40. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system
tectum
temporal summation
inferior colliculi
H.M
41. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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42. Synchronized EEG activity during its deeper stages
Korsakoff'S amnesia
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
non-REM sleep
antagonist
43. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation
contralateral
REM rebound
efferent neurons
beta activity
44. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults
meninges
Ketamine
sleep
ethology
45. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)
All-or-None Law
spinal cord
amygdala
trichromatic levels of color vision
46. Glandular system control center - produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic; functions in both the nervous system and endocrine sytem - In the forebrain - regulates motivated behaviors (eating - drinking - aggression - sexual behavior
hypothalamus
tolerance
ultimate biological considerations
effects of repeated administration
47. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)
tectum
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
alpha activity
Hebb rule
48. Measure changes in the electrical resistance of the skin (sweat gland activity)
proximate biological considerations
polysomnograms
galvanic skin response (GSR)
stages of sleep
49. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
Farber et al. (1995)
nigrostriatal system
temporal lobes
50. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV
graded potentials
slow-wave sleep
polysomnograms
beta activity
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