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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made from within - natural
endogenous
subarachnoid space
cerebellum
All-or-None Law
2. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red
hypocretin
spinal cord
tritanopia
hypothalamus
3. 'Roof'
osmoreceptors
tectum
beta activity
tolerance
4. Has neurons for reflexes
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
relative refractory period
tectum
spinal cord
5. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
graded potentials
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
hypothalamus
6. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system
antagonist
accommodation (bodily)
tegmentum
dopaminergic systems
7. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
pineal gland
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
Cranial Nerve X
association areas; projection areas
8. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine
direct antagonist
nucleotides
endogenous
brainstem
9. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential
relative refractory period
Yerkes-Dodson Law
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
substantia nigra
10. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
reticulum
projection area
projection areas
temporal summation
11. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
occipital lobes
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
triggers of behavior
Cranial Nerves
12. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
Cranial Nerve IV
subdural space
meninges
autolytic
13. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex
parietal lobes
Mesocortical system
pupil
prefrontal cortex
14. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
antagonist
Frontal lobe
K Complexes
zygote
15. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
anterior hypothalamus
osmoreceptors
H.M
monoamine neurotransmitters
16. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
cerebellum
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
retinal ganglion cells
17. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)
path of cerebrospinal fluid
amygdala
hair cells
locus coeruleus
18. Absolute; relative
norepinephrine
hippocampus
Thompson & Spencer
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
19. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)
motor cortex
species- specific reactions
aphasia
reticulum
20. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus
inferior colliculi
reciprocal innervation
Mesolimbic System
synthesis-activation hypothesis
21. The viscous substance between cornea and lens
Farber et al. (1995)
menstrual cycle
Yerkes-Dodson Law
aqueous humor
22. The scientific study of animal behavior; documentation of species-specific instinctual behaviors
species- specific reactions
H.M
proximal image
ethology
23. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing
sensorimotor cortex
vitreous humor
pituitary gland
hypothalamus
24. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
the 7 major neurotransmitters
dirty medications; clean medications
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
meninges
25. Midbrain - medulla and the pons
brainstem
scotopic vision
efferent neurons
midbrain
26. Located underneath the cerebral cortex and includes the bottom portion of the forebrain - cerebellum - basal ganglia - medulla - pons - midbrain - thalamus - hypothalamus - amygdala - hippocampus
subcortical structures
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
Vandenbergh effect
alpha activity
27. Holds the lens in place
alpha activity
inferior colliculi
suspensory ligament
amygdala
28. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)
nystagmus
proximate biological considerations
receptive field
non-REM sleep
29. Caudate nucleus and putamen
cerebellum
neostriatum
gonad
Cranial Nerve IX
30. Lesions to this brain structure that is crucial to memory will produce anterograde amnesia
hypocretin
hippocampus
pituitary gland
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
31. Self-dissolving
autolytic
cataplexy
pituitary gland
fusiform face area
32. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain
retinal ganglion cells
norepinephrine
substantia nigra
hypothalamus
33. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)
meninges
diploid
effects of repeated administration
bregma
34. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)
non-competitive binding
monoamines
motor cortex
vitreous humor
35. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin
thyroid
suprachiasmatic nucleus
meninges
Cranial Nerve III
36. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology
graded potentials
effects of repeated administration
reaction time
ultimate biological considerations
37. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
L-Dopa
the 7 major neurotransmitters
cingulate gyrus
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
38. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
Cranial Nerve VI
substantia nigra
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
stages of sleep
39. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
umami
ventricles
menstrual cycle
40. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles
Cranial Nerve V
Cranial Nerve II
progesterone
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
41. Moving forward
anterograde
receptive field
Cranial Nerves
supernormal stimulus
42. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice
stages of sleep
Lee-Boot effect
Cranial Nerve XII
myelin sheath
43. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
path of cerebrospinal fluid
suprachiasmatic nucleus
REM rebound
monoamines
44. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei
GABA
Cranial Nerve IX
mammillary bodies
zygosity
45. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
REM sleep
substantia nigra
projection areas
temporal lobes
46. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
prefrontal hypoactivity
amacrine cells
temporal lobes
47. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon
tyrosine
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
acetylcholine
reticular formation
48. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit
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49. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
absolute refractory periods
trichromatic levels of color vision
sleep attack
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
50. Damage to this are causes clumsiness and loss of balance
Cranial Nerve XII
projection areas
mammillary bodies
cerebellum