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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Moving forward
theta activity
hypnagogic activity
anterograde
fornix
2. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser
diploid
Cranial Nerve III
dirty medications; clean medications
triggers of behavior
3. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold
pituitary gland
REM rebound
proximal image
cutaneous senses
4. Controls sexual activity
anterior hypothalamus
thyroid
Cranial Nerve XI
medial nucleus of the amygdala
5. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
path of lightwaves entering eye
nystagmus
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
temporal summation
6. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
K Complexes
Cranial Nerve XI
association areas; projection areas
medulla & pons
7. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
melatonin
cerebellum
pineal gland
8. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
Cranial Nerve IV
biological etiology of schizophrenia
hypocretin
biological foundations
9. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)
Cranial Nerve XII
Vomeronasal Organ
Cranial Nerve X
synthesis-activation hypothesis
10. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei
Hebb rule
mammillary bodies
norepinephrine
monoamines
11. Hormones that reduce pain
monoamines
endorphin & enkephalin
tectum
Bruce effect
12. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone
L-Dopa
basal ganglia
adrenal cortex
REM rebound
13. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
hypothalamus
indirect antagonists
delta activity
spatial summation
14. Includes the tectum and tegmentum
mesencephalon
REM sleep
Frontal lobe
sign stimulus
15. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
ultimate biological considerations
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
subdural space
biological etiology of schizophrenia
16. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)
GABA
Hobson & McCarley
Cranial Nerve I
path of lightwaves entering eye
17. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)
meninges
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
projection fiber
stages of sleep
18. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity
effects of repeated administration
cutaneous senses
midbrain
thalamus
19. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)
basal ganglia
subarachnoid space
ethology
pheromone
20. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
graded potentials
Glial cells
GABA
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
21. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)
tyrosine
ventricles
beta activity
L-Dopa
22. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
subarachnoid space
hippocampus
sensorimotor cortex
stages of sleep
23. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)
accommodation (bodily)
gonad
cingulate gyrus
sleep spindles
24. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
the adrenal medulla
ethology
tegmentum
reciprocal innervation
25. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra
spinal cord
tegmentum
nigrostriatal system
Korsakoff'S amnesia
26. Synchronized EEG activity during its deeper stages
non-REM sleep
phenotype
adrenal cortex
superior colliculi
27. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals
supernormal stimulus
diploid
neostriatum
Thompson & Spencer
28. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods
homeostatic regulation
umami
brainstem
superior colliculi
29. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults
accommodation (bodily)
lesions in the reticular activating system
sign stimulus
Ketamine
30. Are direct antagonists; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - but prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
norepinephrine
meninges
Korsakoff'S amnesia
receptor blockers
31. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye
zygote
proximal image
Cranial Nerve VII
Cranial Nerve IV
32. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing
spatial summation
pituitary gland
fornix
cerebellum
33. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
homeostasis
agonist
delta activity
synthesis-activation hypothesis
34. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
HPA Axis
sexual dimorphic behavior
tritanopia
endorphin
35. Damage to this are causes clumsiness and loss of balance
cerebellum
ultimate biological considerations
indirect antagonists
spinal cord
36. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication
suprachiasmatic nucleus
hypothalamus
affinity
subdural space
37. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential
Hebb rule
sensitivity
relative refractory period
Thompson & Spencer
38. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
Hebb rule
stages of sleep
anterior hypothalamus
lens
39. Fluid filled cavities in the middle of the brain - linking to the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord; this fluid is cerebrospinal fluid
hypothalamus
sleep paralysis
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
ventricles
40. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion
non-REM sleep
Frontal lobe
tegmentum
Cranial Nerve X
41. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
brainstem
ionotropic receptors
substantia nigra
Cranial Nerve VII
42. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice
monozygotic twins
phenotype
Bruce effect
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
43. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety
adrenal cortex
endorphin
diencephalon
reaction time
44. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology
pheromone
ultimate biological considerations
Cranial Nerve IV
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
45. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic
L-Dopa
Cranial Nerve III
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
sleep spindles
46. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow
ultimate biological considerations
Cranial Nerve IX
Cranial Nerve III
medial nucleus of the amygdala
47. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain
biological foundations
norepinephrine
osmoregulation
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
48. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
direct antagonist
receptive field
nystagmus
antimanics
49. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
delta activity
superior colliculi
nystagmus
gonad
50. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system
amygdala
proximal image
stages of sleep
spinal cord
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