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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Optic Nerve - sight






2. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone






3. Absolute; relative






4. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine






5. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)






6. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia






7. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system






8. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)






9. Caudate nucleus and putamen






10. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)






11. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity






12. Projects to ventral tegmental area






13. Moving forward






14. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N






15. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina






16. Glandular system control center - produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic; functions in both the nervous system and endocrine sytem - In the forebrain - regulates motivated behaviors (eating - drinking - aggression - sexual behavior






17. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






18. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)






19. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)






20. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)






21. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)






22. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones






23. Maintains balance/posture and coordinates body movements






24. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice






25. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin






26. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






27. Has neurons for reflexes






28. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation






29. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell






30. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)






31. Synchronized EEG activity during its deeper stages






32. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)






33. Receive incoming sensory information or send out motor impulse commands






34. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor






35. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






36. The midbrain; a region that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes tectum and the tegmentum






37. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






38. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion






39. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory






40. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






41. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level






42. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential






43. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods






44. Is used to treat Parkinson'S Disease






45. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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46. Olfactory Nerve - smell






47. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine






48. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice






49. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






50. A behavior that has different forms or occurs with different probabilities or under different circumstances in males than females