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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.
parathyroid
spinal cord
absolute refractory periods
Thompson & Spencer
2. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance
nystagmus
Cranial Nerve VIII
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
substantia nigra
3. Maintains balance/posture and coordinates body movements
Mesolimbic System
association area
sensitivity
cerebellum
4. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
hypothalamus
REM sleep
projection fiber
Vandenbergh effect
5. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
midbrain
hypothalamus
diencephalon
sleep
6. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
subdural space
ultimate biological considerations
hair cells
equipotentiality
7. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication
slow-wave sleep
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
Cranial Nerve II
affinity
8. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side
receptor blockers
reticular formation
lens
sleep spindles
9. Made from within - natural
Cranial Nerve V
endogenous
pupil
relative refractory period
10. Automatic and rapidly acquired reactions - not attributable to reinforcement or conditioning
species- specific reactions
Lee-Boot effect
equipotentiality
association areas; projection areas
11. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
nystagmus
substantia nigra
sensitivity
antimanics
12. ...
norepinephrine
law of specific nerve energies
diploid
nystagmus
13. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists
Cranial Nerve IX
Cranial Nerve IV
non-competitive bonding
sexual dimorphic behavior
14. An axon of a neuron in one region of the brain whose terminals form synapses with neurons in another region
projection fiber
delta activity
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
triggers of behavior
15. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain
proximate biological considerations
norepinephrine
ethology
antimanics
16. Begins where spinal cord ends - 3 structures: the medulla - the pons - the cerebellum
non-REM sleep
tardive dyskinesia
hindbrain
non-competitive binding
17. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies
endorphin & enkephalin
cataplexy
spinal cord
All-or-None Law
18. Fluid filled cavities in the middle of the brain - linking to the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord; this fluid is cerebrospinal fluid
antagonist
galvanic skin response (GSR)
ventricles
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
19. Holds the lens in place
locus coeruleus
Vomeronasal Organ
suspensory ligament
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
20. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex
temporal lobes
hypothalamus
efferent neurons
REM rebound
21. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus
pheromone
Cranial Nerve VI
anterior hypothalamus
norepinephrine
22. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
antagonist
amygdala
supernormal stimulus
REM sleep
23. Are direct antagonists; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - but prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
receptor blockers
antimanics
nigrostriatal system
24. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia
Cranial Nerve II
agonist
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
25. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity
anterograde
sleep
Coolidge effect
alpha activity
26. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia
spatial summation
K Complexes
prefrontal hypoactivity
hypothalamus
27. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.
endocrine system
triggers of behavior
medulla & pons
norepinephrine
28. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior
stages of sleep
tegmentum
diencephalon
behavioral regulation
29. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
umami
anterior hypothalamus
Cranial Nerve XI
affinity
30. Located underneath the cerebral cortex and includes the bottom portion of the forebrain - cerebellum - basal ganglia - medulla - pons - midbrain - thalamus - hypothalamus - amygdala - hippocampus
hypocretin
norepinephrine
subcortical structures
effects of repeated administration
31. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level
Yerkes-Dodson Law
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
Cranial Nerves
subdural space
32. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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33. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb
projection areas
Farber et al. (1995)
medial nucleus of the amygdala
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
34. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N
midbrain
meninges
REM rebound
autonomic nervous system
35. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic
triggers of behavior
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
Vandenbergh effect
36. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive
cerebellum
autolytic
beta activity
diencephalon
37. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi
sensitivity
Thompson & Spencer
tectum
theta activity
38. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
spinal cord
the adrenal medulla
cingulate gyrus
receptive field
39. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system
superior colliculi
sleep spindles
phenotype
path of cerebrospinal fluid
40. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep
basic rest-activity cycle
L-Dopa
Thompson & Spencer
Mesocortical system
41. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)
suprachiasmatic nucleus
endogenous
amygdala
Hobson & McCarley
42. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods
Cranial Nerve II
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
species- specific reactions
scotopic vision
43. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
inferior colliculi
mammillary bodies
medulla & pons
delta activity
44. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body
ipsilateral
biological foundations
path of cerebrospinal fluid
mammillary bodies
45. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system
Mesolimbic System
synthesis-activation hypothesis
amygdala
estrous cycle
46. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses
monozygotic twins
ventricles
hair cells
sensitivity
47. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye
tectum
indirect antagonists
Cranial Nerve IV
spinal cord
48. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus
basal ganglia
GABA
triggers of behavior
Frontal lobe
49. In the posterior frontal lobe - contains the somatosensory cortex (touch - pressure - temperature - pain)
suspensory ligament
basal forebrain
parietal lobes
H.M
50. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice
Bruce effect
accommodation (bodily)
temporal summation
basal ganglia
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