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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system
monoamines
supernormal stimulus
brainstem
dopaminergic systems
2. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system
tritanopia
superior colliculi
thalamus
medial nucleus of the amygdala
3. Colored part of the eye
prefrontal cortex
iris
substantia nigra
delta activity
4. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system
Cranial Nerve XII
equipotentiality
amygdala
Whitten effect
5. 'covering'
hypothalamus + thalamus
projection fiber
graded potentials
tegmentum
6. Optic Nerve - sight
lens
brainstem
Cranial Nerve II
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
7. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.
nigrostriatal system
Thompson & Spencer
retinal ganglion cells
Cranial Nerve VI
8. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)
nigrostriatal system
synthesis-activation hypothesis
Thompson & Spencer
cerebrospinal fluid
9. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists
synthesis-activation hypothesis
Bem'S Androgyny studies
non-competitive bonding
non-REM sleep
10. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened
pituitary gland
Hebb rule
Cranial Nerve II
monoamine neurotransmitters
11. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
superior colliculi
diencephalon
efferent neurons
occipital lobes
12. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes
Glial cells
non-REM sleep
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
cataplexy
13. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
indirect antagonists
indirect antagonists
sensitivity
temporal summation
14. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
homeostatic regulation
Cranial Nerve X
red nucleus + substantia nigra
15. 'little brain'
menstrual cycle
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
slow-wave sleep
16. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
REM sleep
monoamines
L-Dopa
Cranial Nerve XI
17. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals
ethology
diploid
fusiform face area
reaction time
18. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
supernormal stimulus
brainstem
REM sleep
receptor blockers
19. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
ventricles
sleep spindles
cataplexy
sleep attack
20. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow
Cranial Nerve IX
projection fiber
pupil
projection area
21. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
monoamines
sign stimulus
hindbrain
mammillary bodies
22. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates
lesions in the reticular activating system
cutaneous senses
estrous cycle
nucleotides
23. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing
cerebellum
path of cerebrospinal fluid
pituitary gland
progesterone
24. 'Roof'
tectum
melatonin
parathyroid
basic rest-activity cycle
25. Begins where spinal cord ends - 3 structures: the medulla - the pons - the cerebellum
zygote
sleep
phenotype
hindbrain
26. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands
diencephalon
projection area
REM rebound
non-REM sleep
27. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
Glial cells
hippocampus
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
septum
28. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina
path of cerebrospinal fluid
accommodation (bodily)
Bruce effect
Coolidge effect
29. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
Cranial Nerve VIII
lens
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
trichromatic levels of color vision
30. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*
efferent neurons
reaction time
pheromone
noncompetitive binding
31. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
subdural space
absolute refractory periods
myelin sheath
Cranial Nerve VIII
32. Olfactory Nerve - smell
hypothalamus
hippocampus
Cranial Nerve I
temporal summation
33. Expression of traits
subarachnoid space
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
Cranial Nerve VII
phenotype
34. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
Cranial Nerve XII
lens
osmoregulation
sign stimulus
35. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)
nystagmus
mesencephalon
cerebral cortex
diencephalon
36. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine
umami
Cranial Nerve XI
Lee-Boot effect
tardive dyskinesia
37. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)
cerebrospinal fluid
reticulum
delta activity
biological etiology of schizophrenia
38. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side
lens
amacrine cells
endorphin & enkephalin
temporal lobes
39. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
lesions in the reticular activating system
stages of sleep
noncompetitive binding
H.M
40. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
Coolidge effect
Cranial Nerve VI
cerebrospinal fluid
melatonin
41. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
Cranial Nerve VII
Glial cells
fusiform face area
association areas; projection areas
42. Are found in the diencephalon
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
hypothalamus + thalamus
locus coeruleus
norepinephrine
43. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress
ethology
galvanic skin response (GSR)
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
tritanopia
44. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)
inferior colliculi
non-competitive bonding
tectum
subarachnoid space
45. There are 12 add more
projection areas
cerebellum
Mesocortical system
Cranial Nerves
46. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
aqueous humor
norepinephrine
midbrain
hair cells
47. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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48. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
temporal summation
cerebrospinal fluid
prefrontal cortex
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
49. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice
Vandenbergh effect
pituitary gland
sleep spindles
collateral sprouting
50. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell
sensorimotor cortex
K Complexes
brainstem
spatial summation
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