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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






2. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






3. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision






4. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important






5. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems






6. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus






7. Trigerminal Nerve - face sensation






8. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior






9. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep






10. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods






11. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






12. Governs eating/drinking (lateral and ventromedial hypothalami) and sexual activity (anterior portion






13. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system






14. Found in the hypothalamus - function to maintain the water balance in the body






15. Located in the midbrain - a group of neurons which produce dopamine and degenerate in Parkinson'S Disease






16. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract






17. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






18. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)






19. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand






20. Abducens Nerve - moves eye






21. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)






22. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory






23. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex






24. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon






25. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)






26. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology






27. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra






28. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration






29. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion






30. Holds the lens in place






31. An axon of a neuron in one region of the brain whose terminals form synapses with neurons in another region






32. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults






33. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to






34. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response






35. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress






36. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine






37. Includes the tectum and tegmentum






38. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms






39. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






40. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine






41. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain






42. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone






43. 'little net'






44. The maintenance of water balance in the body






45. 'little brain'






46. Transparent substance between lens and retina






47. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO






48. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*






49. Are found in the diencephalon






50. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body







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