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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential
tegmentum
Ketamine
myelin sheath
cerebellum
2. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors
ipsilateral
pheromone
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
basal ganglia
3. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision
homeostatic regulation
beta activity
projection area
trichromatic levels of color vision
4. Oculomotor Nerve - moves eye pupil
sensitivity
contralateral
hindbrain
Cranial Nerve III
5. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
anterior hypothalamus
REM sleep
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
6. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress
mesencephalon
amygdala
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
collateral sprouting
7. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
meninges
zygote
temporal summation
8. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
Cranial Nerves
proximate biological considerations
Farber et al. (1995)
endorphin & enkephalin
9. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses
cerebellum
reticular formation
collateral sprouting
hair cells
10. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
galvanic skin response (GSR)
nystagmus
Cranial Nerve X
aqueous humor
11. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
diencephalon
inferior colliculi
superior colliculi
HPA Axis
12. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)
iris
Hebb rule
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
13. Affect multiple receptors; highly preferential to which type of receptor they affect
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
equipotentiality
dirty medications; clean medications
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
14. Made from within - natural
monozygotic twins
endogenous
progesterone
Mesolimbic System
15. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice
neostriatum
spinal cord
Vandenbergh effect
stages of sleep
16. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
melatonin
substantia nigra
amygdala
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
17. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)
Cranial Nerve IX
ovaries/testes
non-competitive bonding
dirty medications; clean medications
18. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior
neostriatum
locus coeruleus
anterior hypothalamus
endocrine system
19. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
non-competitive binding
sleep attack
proximate biological considerations
occipital lobes
20. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)
monozygotic twins
spatial summation
proximate biological considerations
temporal lobes
21. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
Cranial Nerve XII
estrous cycle
Korsakoff'S amnesia
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
22. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit
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23. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin
the 7 major neurotransmitters
cingulate gyrus
tegmentum
association areas; projection areas
24. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)
synthesis-activation hypothesis
parathyroid
monoamines
monoamines
25. Expression of traits
phenotype
galvanic skin response (GSR)
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
Cranial Nerve VI
26. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep
vitreous humor
association area
noncompetitive binding
sleep paralysis
27. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates
sensitivity
umami
ultimate biological considerations
estrous cycle
28. Measure changes in the electrical resistance of the skin (sweat gland activity)
galvanic skin response (GSR)
Thompson & Spencer
consummatory stimulus
tritanopia
29. Located underneath the cerebral cortex and includes the bottom portion of the forebrain - cerebellum - basal ganglia - medulla - pons - midbrain - thalamus - hypothalamus - amygdala - hippocampus
subdural space
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
reaction time
subcortical structures
30. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
efferent neurons
tectum
H.M
non-REM sleep
31. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
basal forebrain
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
K Complexes
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
32. Moving forward
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
hippocampus
Lee-Boot effect
anterograde
33. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract
estrous cycle
acetylcholine
ventricles
ovaries/testes
34. Automatic and rapidly acquired reactions - not attributable to reinforcement or conditioning
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
Cranial Nerve VII
species- specific reactions
indirect antagonists
35. Decreasing effects of a medication due to repeated administration
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
tolerance
lipid soluble drugs/medications
Hobson & McCarley
36. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology
REM sleep
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
ultimate biological considerations
sleep paralysis
37. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)
beta activity
cerebellum
non-REM sleep
subarachnoid space
38. Opening in the iris; dilates and contracts allowing different levels of light in
red nucleus + substantia nigra
pupil
cerebellum
subcortical structures
39. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
behavioral regulation
vitreous humor
Mesolimbic System
40. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)
cerebral cortex
septal rage
tectum
prefrontal cortex
41. Follow Hering'S Opponent Process of color vision - and only have two types: red-green and yellow-blue; other levels of color vision are tri-chromatic
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
contralateral
retinal ganglion cells
sexual dimorphic behavior
42. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
indirect antagonists
Cranial Nerve IX
the adrenal medulla
Hebb rule
43. Occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep; regular - synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz
delta activity
behavioral regulation
inferior colliculi
Lee-Boot effect
44. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
sensitivity
accommodation (bodily)
brainstem
the adrenal medulla
45. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
autolytic
Ketamine
Frontal lobe
46. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain
basal forebrain
HPA Axis
Mesocortical system
hypnagogic activity
47. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice
biological foundations
Lee-Boot effect
inferior colliculi
path of cerebrospinal fluid
48. In the posterior frontal lobe - contains the somatosensory cortex (touch - pressure - temperature - pain)
mammillary bodies
tegmentum
equipotentiality
parietal lobes
49. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs
Thompson & Spencer
reticular formation
noncompetitive binding
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
50. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*
reaction time
superior colliculi
aphasia
endogenous