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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
Cranial Nerve XI
Vomeronasal Organ
nigrostriatal system
cerebellum
2. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
lipid soluble drugs/medications
ovaries/testes
Frontal lobe
projection fiber
3. Absolute; relative
effects of repeated administration
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
Yerkes-Dodson Law
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
4. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity
Cranial Nerve VI
alpha activity
monoamine neurotransmitters
collateral sprouting
5. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
hair cells
lens
Farber et al. (1995)
hindbrain
6. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
amacrine cells
Cranial Nerves
effects of repeated administration
norepinephrine
7. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior
temporal lobes
Hobson & McCarley
anterior hypothalamus
antimanics
8. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice
biological foundations
Vandenbergh effect
spinal cord
non-competitive bonding
9. Found in the hypothalamus - function to maintain the water balance in the body
cerebral cortex
osmoreceptors
sexual dimorphic behavior
prefrontal hypoactivity
10. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
sleep attack
reticular formation
subarachnoid space
pheromone
11. Controls sexual activity
anterior hypothalamus
spinal cord
scotopic vision
hypothalamus
12. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
effects of repeated administration
proximate biological considerations
substantia nigra
fornix
13. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance
monoamine neurotransmitters
parathyroid
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
Cranial Nerve VIII
14. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods
substantia nigra
neostriatum
reciprocal innervation
umami
15. Opening in the iris; dilates and contracts allowing different levels of light in
osmoreceptors
pupil
hypnagogic activity
relative refractory period
16. Glandular system control center - produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic; functions in both the nervous system and endocrine sytem - In the forebrain - regulates motivated behaviors (eating - drinking - aggression - sexual behavior
hypothalamus
zygosity
basic rest-activity cycle
septal rage
17. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side
subarachnoid space
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
Cranial Nerve III
lens
18. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic
substantia nigra
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
H.M
sleep paralysis
19. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication
affinity
consummatory stimulus
cerebral cortex
reciprocal innervation
20. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation
lens
REM rebound
biological foundations
Cranial Nerve V
21. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
non-competitive bonding
Hobson & McCarley
antagonist
suspensory ligament
22. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
autolytic
cingulate gyrus
association area
Cranial Nerve XII
23. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles
Thompson & Spencer
alpha activity
behavioral regulation
progesterone
24. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
temporal summation
synthesis-activation hypothesis
biological etiology of schizophrenia
H.M
25. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
Cranial Nerve XII
noncompetitive binding
suprachiasmatic nucleus
sensorimotor cortex
26. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
Glial cells
efferent neurons
27. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)
diencephalon
fornix
pineal gland
norepinephrine
28. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals
homeostasis
hair cells
diploid
Vomeronasal Organ
29. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system
vitreous humor
myelin sheath
effects of repeated administration
inferior colliculi
30. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential
monoamine neurotransmitters
relative refractory period
ventricles
indirect antagonists
31. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
sign stimulus
hypothalamus + thalamus
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
slow-wave sleep
32. The maintenance of water balance in the body
tegmentum
Cranial Nerve III
osmoregulation
Cranial Nerve IX
33. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
Cranial Nerve VII
menstrual cycle
spatial summation
34. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
biological foundations
medulla & pons
Ketamine
Cranial Nerve III
35. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
efferent neurons
tyrosine
extirpation
Glial cells
36. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
hippocampus
law of specific nerve energies
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
cingulate gyrus
37. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb
medial nucleus of the amygdala
tolerance
Frontal lobe
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
38. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods
substantia nigra
the adrenal medulla
scotopic vision
supernormal stimulus
39. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body
Cranial Nerve IX
ipsilateral
inferior colliculi
lesions in the reticular activating system
40. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid
the adrenal medulla
behavioral regulation
substantia nigra
parathyroid
41. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
proximal image
prefrontal hypoactivity
HPA Axis
42. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain
pupil
cataplexy
norepinephrine
Cranial Nerve VII
43. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
basal ganglia
anterior hypothalamus
Vomeronasal Organ
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
44. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration
polysomnograms
menstrual cycle
temporal summation
subdural space
45. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
antimanics
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
antagonist
46. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level
autonomic nervous system
Yerkes-Dodson Law
phenotype
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
47. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells
medial nucleus of the amygdala
extirpation
amacrine cells
Glial cells
48. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad
hypothalamus
Coolidge effect
sleep
effects of repeated administration
49. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone
adrenal cortex
cerebrospinal fluid
Thompson & Spencer
endorphin
50. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened
cutaneous senses
nystagmus
receptor blockers
Hebb rule