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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






2. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin






3. Includes the tectum and tegmentum






4. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






5. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies






6. The maintenance of water balance in the body






7. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra






8. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






9. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp






10. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)






11. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration






12. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy






13. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine






14. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)






15. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction






16. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness






17. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice






18. 'covering'






19. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






20. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit

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21. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response






22. Combines input from diverse brain regions; receives sensory information/sends motor impulses






23. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)

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24. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)






25. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum






26. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






27. There are 12 add more






28. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






29. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






30. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety






31. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2






32. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)






33. 'Roof'






34. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad






35. Viscous substance between cornea and lens; transparent substance between lens and retina






36. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms






37. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration






38. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






39. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)






40. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep






41. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)






42. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory






43. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)






44. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level






45. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






46. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to






47. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra






48. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia






49. Projects to ventral tegmental area






50. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)