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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)






2. Norepinephrine and serotonin






3. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*






4. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron






5. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia






6. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side






7. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)






8. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration






9. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing






10. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi






11. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response






12. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell






13. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)






14. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






15. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication






16. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus






17. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods






18. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV






19. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened






20. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb






21. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)






22. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important






23. 'little net'






24. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






25. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands






26. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow






27. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






28. Has neurons for reflexes






29. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine






30. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






31. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system






32. Hormones that reduce pain






33. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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34. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia






35. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)






36. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal






37. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice






38. Occurs under drug-induced conditions - including excessive use of marijuana; high body temperature - autonomic instability and muscle rigidity






39. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted






40. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






41. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms






42. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit

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43. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






44. Regulates body temperature






45. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance






46. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology






47. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






48. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)






49. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods






50. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum