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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






2. 'covering'






3. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra






4. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






5. Portion of a sensory field to which a cell responds






6. Has neurons for reflexes






7. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra






8. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation






9. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold






10. Important to motor system






11. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid






12. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior






13. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia






14. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner






15. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






16. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity






17. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)

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18. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex






19. Holds the lens in place






20. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)






21. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)






22. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum






23. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)






24. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)






25. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron






26. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV






27. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






28. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness






29. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi






30. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






31. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO






32. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






33. Serotonin = 5-HT -regulation of mood - anxiety - aggression - sleep - appetite - sexuality -rostral and caudal raphe nuclei






34. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion






35. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.






36. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements

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37. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






38. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)






39. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation






40. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system






41. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy






42. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)






43. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)






44. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex






45. Optic Nerve - sight






46. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice






47. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus






48. Located in the midbrain - a group of neurons which produce dopamine and degenerate in Parkinson'S Disease






49. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs






50. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)






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