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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra and ending in the neostriatum






2. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)






3. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






4. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior






5. In the limbic system - is a fiber bundle - connects hippocampus with stuff (including the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus)






6. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye






7. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones






8. Has neurons for reflexes






9. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






10. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)






11. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm






12. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






13. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.






14. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system






15. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes






16. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina






17. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






18. Made from within - natural






19. ...






20. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus






21. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser






22. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*






23. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






24. Olfactory Nerve - smell






25. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system






26. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates






27. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision






28. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






29. Holds the lens in place






30. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells






31. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy






32. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex






33. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei






34. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)






35. Receive incoming sensory information or send out motor impulse commands






36. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity






37. Automatic and rapidly acquired reactions - not attributable to reinforcement or conditioning






38. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements

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39. Absolute; relative






40. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)






41. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory






42. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin






43. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV






44. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






45. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






46. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response






47. Oculomotor Nerve - moves eye pupil






48. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance






49. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice






50. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation