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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
osmoreceptors
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
locus coeruleus
pheromone
2. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin
gonad
Cranial Nerve XII
the 7 major neurotransmitters
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
3. Includes the tectum and tegmentum
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
mesencephalon
temporal summation
sign stimulus
4. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive
REM rebound
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
basic rest-activity cycle
beta activity
5. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
synthesis-activation hypothesis
spinal cord
6. The maintenance of water balance in the body
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
direct antagonist
osmoregulation
zygote
7. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
cerebellum
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
sleep
midbrain
8. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
Cranial Nerve I
suprachiasmatic nucleus
spinal cord
Ketamine
9. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
association areas; projection areas
corpus callosum
monoamine neurotransmitters
path of cerebrospinal fluid
10. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)
motor cortex
path of lightwaves entering eye
Cranial Nerve IX
aphasia
11. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
homeostatic regulation
endogenous
sensitivity
prefrontal cortex
12. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy
gonad
iris
species- specific reactions
hypocretin
13. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine
noncompetitive binding
stages of sleep
tardive dyskinesia
menstrual cycle
14. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)
absolute refractory periods
zygosity
motor cortex
non-competitive binding
15. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
hypocretin
nystagmus
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
projection fiber
16. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness
Cranial Nerve X
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
lesions in the reticular activating system
17. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice
Lee-Boot effect
prefrontal cortex
fusiform face area
endorphin & enkephalin
18. 'covering'
tegmentum
receptor blockers
amacrine cells
path of lightwaves entering eye
19. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
monoamines
relative refractory period
anterior hypothalamus
20. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit
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21. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
retinal ganglion cells
tritanopia
theta activity
22. Combines input from diverse brain regions; receives sensory information/sends motor impulses
cutaneous senses
sleep
Cranial Nerve VIII
association areas; projection areas
23. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)
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24. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
Cranial Nerve IX
HPA Axis
indirect antagonists
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
25. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
cingulate gyrus
biological etiology of schizophrenia
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
projection areas
26. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
midbrain
homeostatic regulation
REM sleep
alpha activity
27. There are 12 add more
Cranial Nerves
parietal lobes
basic rest-activity cycle
stages of sleep
28. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
parathyroid
Glial cells
thyroid
behavioral regulation
29. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
equipotentiality
hippocampus
HPA Axis
spinal cord
30. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety
endorphin
Cranial Nerve XII
receptor blockers
hippocampus
31. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
tegmentum
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
homeostatic regulation
estrous cycle
32. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)
proximate biological considerations
pheromone
amygdala
All-or-None Law
33. 'Roof'
norepinephrine
tectum
species- specific reactions
projection areas
34. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad
alpha activity
sleep
graded potentials
H.M
35. Viscous substance between cornea and lens; transparent substance between lens and retina
Glial cells
indirect antagonists
locus coeruleus
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
36. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
hypnagogic activity
trichromatic levels of color vision
melatonin
parietal lobes
37. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration
norepinephrine
vitreous humor
menstrual cycle
Cranial Nerve II
38. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
stages of sleep
Cranial Nerves
anterior hypothalamus
pheromone
39. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)
triggers of behavior
monoamines
proximal image
effects of repeated administration
40. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep
menstrual cycle
hypocretin
consummatory stimulus
sleep paralysis
41. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
pineal gland
K Complexes
the adrenal medulla
42. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
delta activity
Bruce effect
HPA Axis
43. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)
Coolidge effect
neostriatum
amygdala
aphasia
44. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level
diencephalon
Yerkes-Dodson Law
alpha activity
direct antagonist
45. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
affinity
tolerance
agonist
Hebb rule
46. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
menstrual cycle
sleep attack
path of cerebrospinal fluid
projection areas
47. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra
galvanic skin response (GSR)
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
lipid soluble drugs/medications
tegmentum
48. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
H.M
amacrine cells
prefrontal hypoactivity
49. Projects to ventral tegmental area
prefrontal cortex
brainstem
occipital lobes
supernormal stimulus
50. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)
polysomnograms
bregma
thalamus
receptor blockers