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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
Start Test
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The visual image of the world on the retina
efferent neurons
proximal image
cerebral cortex
hindbrain
2. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior
hypnagogic activity
hypothalamus
septal rage
hypocretin
3. Portion of a sensory field to which a cell responds
receptive field
umami
proximal image
pheromone
4. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
indirect antagonists
extirpation
Yerkes-Dodson Law
5. Maintains balance/posture and coordinates body movements
cerebellum
phenotype
relative refractory period
parathyroid
6. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles
sleep paralysis
graded potentials
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
progesterone
7. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice
vitreous humor
cingulate gyrus
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Bruce effect
8. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep
agonist
adrenal cortex
basic rest-activity cycle
antimanics
9. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex
monozygotic twins
aphasia
Mesocortical system
hypothalamus + thalamus
10. Affect multiple receptors; highly preferential to which type of receptor they affect
dirty medications; clean medications
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
acetylcholine
menstrual cycle
11. Found in the hypothalamus - function to maintain the water balance in the body
osmoreceptors
medulla & pons
Cranial Nerve XI
cerebellum
12. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle
indirect antagonists
association areas; projection areas
diencephalon
sleep attack
13. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
ultimate biological considerations
anterograde
locus coeruleus
red nucleus + substantia nigra
14. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand
non-competitive binding
amygdala
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
15. 'little net'
reticulum
pituitary gland
locus coeruleus
subdural space
16. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
anterograde
effects of repeated administration
suprachiasmatic nucleus
theta activity
17. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow
Bruce effect
agonist
Cranial Nerve IX
Mesocortical system
18. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level
Yerkes-Dodson Law
norepinephrine
tegmentum
dopaminergic systems
19. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice
monoamine neurotransmitters
Lee-Boot effect
species- specific reactions
extirpation
20. The midbrain; a region that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes tectum and the tegmentum
trichromatic levels of color vision
anterior hypothalamus
sleep
mesencephalon
21. The viscous substance between cornea and lens
cerebellum
GABA
aqueous humor
sexual dimorphic behavior
22. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
diploid
effects of repeated administration
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
Whitten effect
23. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
Cranial Nerve I
lipid soluble drugs/medications
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
inferior colliculi
24. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone
adrenal cortex
tritanopia
mesencephalon
affinity
25. 'Roof'
sleep
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
tectum
hippocampus
26. Regulates body temperature
hypothalamus
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
endorphin
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
27. The scientific study of animal behavior; documentation of species-specific instinctual behaviors
endorphin & enkephalin
ethology
tegmentum
beta activity
28. There are 12 add more
Cranial Nerves
sexual dimorphic behavior
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
bregma
29. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
association areas; projection areas
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
zygosity
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
30. Expression of traits
phenotype
subdural space
Frontal lobe
equipotentiality
31. Are found in the diencephalon
hypocretin
ultimate biological considerations
hypothalamus + thalamus
norepinephrine
32. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
umami
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
Farber et al. (1995)
33. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
hair cells
Cranial Nerve X
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
34. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
hypothalamus + thalamus
vitreous humor
reciprocal innervation
Cranial Nerve I
35. Located in the midbrain - a group of neurons which produce dopamine and degenerate in Parkinson'S Disease
fornix
species- specific reactions
tolerance
substantia nigra
36. Glandular system control center - produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic; functions in both the nervous system and endocrine sytem - In the forebrain - regulates motivated behaviors (eating - drinking - aggression - sexual behavior
basal ganglia
hypothalamus
adrenal cortex
Cranial Nerve II
37. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb
medial nucleus of the amygdala
Bruce effect
cingulate gyrus
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
38. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates
cerebellum
parathyroid
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
Cranial Nerve VII
39. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication
substantia nigra
affinity
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
diploid
40. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)
noncompetitive binding
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
monoamines
affinity
41. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
anterior hypothalamus
occipital lobes
slow-wave sleep
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
42. Transparent substance between lens and retina
vitreous humor
species- specific reactions
Frontal lobe
absolute refractory periods
43. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
prefrontal cortex
monoamines
H.M
fusiform face area
44. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
hippocampus
Bem'S Androgyny studies
H.M
45. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
Cranial Nerves
tegmentum
REM sleep
biological foundations
46. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
Mesolimbic System
lipid soluble drugs/medications
association areas; projection areas
47. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus
norepinephrine
dirty medications; clean medications
synthesis-activation hypothesis
K Complexes
48. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
diploid
midbrain
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
Cranial Nerve XII
49. Combines input from diverse brain regions; receives sensory information/sends motor impulses
occipital lobes
association areas; projection areas
medulla & pons
Cranial Nerve VIII
50. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)
tardive dyskinesia
nucleotides
accommodation (bodily)
polysomnograms