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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)






2. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






3. The visual image of the world on the retina






4. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid






5. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods






6. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb






7. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)






8. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)






9. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei






10. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)






11. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)






12. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra






13. Research indicates that the expressing of negative emotions is associated with increased immune function; inhibiting negative emotions with decreasing immune function






14. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods






15. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






16. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)






17. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






18. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior






19. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex






20. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)






21. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults






22. Caudate nucleus and putamen






23. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress






24. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction






25. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)






26. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






27. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






28. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements

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29. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential






30. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity






31. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes






32. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red






33. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body






34. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress






35. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon






36. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine






37. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors






38. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum






39. Holds the lens in place






40. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior






41. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.






42. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance






43. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems






44. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)






45. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold






46. Midbrain - medulla and the pons






47. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)






48. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye






49. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery






50. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit

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