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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems






2. Occurs under drug-induced conditions - including excessive use of marijuana; high body temperature - autonomic instability and muscle rigidity






3. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






4. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)






5. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice






6. Follow Hering'S Opponent Process of color vision - and only have two types: red-green and yellow-blue; other levels of color vision are tri-chromatic






7. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)






8. Research indicates that the expressing of negative emotions is associated with increased immune function; inhibiting negative emotions with decreasing immune function






9. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract






10. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones






11. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






12. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation






13. Self-dissolving






14. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)






15. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress






16. Lesions to this brain structure that is crucial to memory will produce anterograde amnesia






17. Is used to treat Parkinson'S Disease






18. Abducens Nerve - moves eye






19. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity






20. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory






21. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing






22. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia






23. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






24. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation






25. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system






26. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






27. Optic Nerve - sight






28. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies






29. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain






30. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit

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31. Important to motor system






32. 'little net'






33. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid






34. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier






35. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior






36. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity






37. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)






38. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity






39. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






40. Attaches to a binding site on receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor without affecting the binding site for the principal ligand (noncompetitive binding)






41. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)






42. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)






43. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice






44. Affect multiple receptors; highly preferential to which type of receptor they affect






45. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N






46. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals






47. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus






48. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell






49. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm






50. Located underneath the cerebral cortex and includes the bottom portion of the forebrain - cerebellum - basal ganglia - medulla - pons - midbrain - thalamus - hypothalamus - amygdala - hippocampus







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