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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)






2. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain






3. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance






4. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses






5. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep






6. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






7. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)






8. Are direct antagonists; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - but prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor






9. Regulates body temperature






10. Caudate nucleus and putamen






11. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions






12. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






13. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system






14. The scientific study of animal behavior; documentation of species-specific instinctual behaviors






15. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology






16. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






17. Located underneath the cerebral cortex and includes the bottom portion of the forebrain - cerebellum - basal ganglia - medulla - pons - midbrain - thalamus - hypothalamus - amygdala - hippocampus






18. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






19. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain






20. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid






21. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red






22. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)






23. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






24. Colored part of the eye






25. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






26. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)






27. Affect multiple receptors; highly preferential to which type of receptor they affect






28. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






29. Norepinephrine and serotonin






30. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice






31. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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32. Sign






33. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice






34. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra






35. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity






36. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






37. Receive incoming sensory information or send out motor impulse commands






38. Accessory Nerve - moves the head






39. Opening in the iris; dilates and contracts allowing different levels of light in






40. Occurs when an external stimulation - regardless of intensity - will not trigger a new action potential






41. 'little net'






42. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands






43. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes






44. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






45. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation






46. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)






47. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad






48. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






49. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion






50. Abducens Nerve - moves eye