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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A behavior that has different forms or occurs with different probabilities or under different circumstances in males than females
neostriatum
spatial summation
sexual dimorphic behavior
Lee-Boot effect
2. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep
affinity
tolerance
basic rest-activity cycle
prefrontal cortex
3. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
vitreous humor
ovaries/testes
the adrenal medulla
reciprocal innervation
4. Lesions to this brain structure that is crucial to memory will produce anterograde amnesia
subarachnoid space
Vandenbergh effect
tritanopia
hippocampus
5. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb
HPA Axis
contralateral
medial nucleus of the amygdala
occipital lobes
6. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
basal ganglia
autonomic nervous system
equipotentiality
hypothalamus
7. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
Cranial Nerve XII
bregma
subdural space
trichromatic levels of color vision
8. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine
non-REM sleep
supernormal stimulus
Whitten effect
spinal cord
9. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
fornix
reticular formation
tyrosine
the adrenal medulla
10. Norepinephrine and serotonin
monoamine neurotransmitters
Bruce effect
reticulum
medulla & pons
11. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow
Korsakoff'S amnesia
Cranial Nerve VI
bregma
Cranial Nerve IX
12. Caudate nucleus and putamen
monoamine neurotransmitters
reaction time
neostriatum
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
13. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors
cutaneous senses
lipid soluble drugs/medications
relative refractory period
basal ganglia
14. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
cerebellum
brainstem
monoamines
Hebb rule
15. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
hypnagogic activity
synthesis-activation hypothesis
H.M
projection areas
16. 'little brain'
acetylcholine
cerebellum
gonad
corpus callosum
17. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)
Cranial Nerve V
dirty medications; clean medications
ovaries/testes
indirect antagonists
18. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
stages of sleep
consummatory stimulus
sleep attack
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
19. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
diploid
mesencephalon
homeostasis
projection areas
20. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
amacrine cells
medulla & pons
contralateral
21. Fluid filled cavities in the middle of the brain - linking to the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord; this fluid is cerebrospinal fluid
ventricles
hippocampus
triggers of behavior
relative refractory period
22. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
Thompson & Spencer
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
K Complexes
autonomic nervous system
23. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
Cranial Nerve II
Hobson & McCarley
indirect antagonists
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
24. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract
acetylcholine
Cranial Nerve IX
association area
amygdala
25. Are found in the diencephalon
temporal summation
spatial summation
hypothalamus + thalamus
umami
26. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)
spatial summation
Cranial Nerve IV
aphasia
lipid soluble drugs/medications
27. Phantom limb pain - hypnotic induction and the success rate of placebo treatments
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
fornix
ionotropic receptors
medial nucleus of the amygdala
28. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
delta activity
scotopic vision
Mesolimbic System
29. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important
brainstem
medial nucleus of the amygdala
homeostatic regulation
temporal lobes
30. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina
locus coeruleus
Yerkes-Dodson Law
sensorimotor cortex
path of lightwaves entering eye
31. ...
tardive dyskinesia
monozygotic twins
vitreous humor
law of specific nerve energies
32. Occurs at the onset of puberty; a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
synthesis-activation hypothesis
superior colliculi
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
33. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
amygdala
aqueous humor
Glial cells
non-competitive binding
34. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)
HPA Axis
reciprocal innervation
polysomnograms
effects of repeated administration
35. In the posterior frontal lobe - contains the somatosensory cortex (touch - pressure - temperature - pain)
parietal lobes
red nucleus + substantia nigra
thyroid
Cranial Nerve IX
36. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
GABA
direct antagonist
subdural space
pineal gland
37. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia
prefrontal hypoactivity
tectum
Lee-Boot effect
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
38. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
menstrual cycle
fusiform face area
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
39. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)
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40. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)
endorphin
theta activity
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
fusiform face area
41. Absolute; relative
non-competitive bonding
K Complexes
sleep spindles
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
42. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body
contralateral
absolute refractory periods
tyrosine
sleep attack
43. Portion of a sensory field to which a cell responds
receptive field
medulla & pons
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
44. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad
sleep
biological foundations
anterior hypothalamus
norepinephrine
45. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
lesions in the reticular activating system
ovaries/testes
biological foundations
sensitivity
46. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior
Mesocortical system
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
anterior hypothalamus
HPA Axis
47. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death
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48. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation
lens
All-or-None Law
reaction time
Whitten effect
49. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
melatonin
cerebellum
osmoregulation
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
50. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
non-competitive binding
Frontal lobe
antagonist
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