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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation






2. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory






3. Optic Nerve - sight






4. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV






5. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






6. Measure changes in the electrical resistance of the skin (sweat gland activity)






7. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






8. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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9. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity






10. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)






11. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions






12. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex






13. Olfactory Nerve - smell






14. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body






15. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones






16. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia






17. 'little net'






18. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)






19. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






20. Occurs at the onset of puberty; a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin






21. Made from within - natural






22. There are 12 add more






23. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress






24. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






25. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex






26. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side






27. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system






28. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine






29. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important






30. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)






31. Is used to treat Parkinson'S Disease






32. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain






33. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep






34. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses






35. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra






36. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response






37. Transparent substance between lens and retina






38. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion






39. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists






40. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)






41. Expression of traits






42. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine






43. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)






44. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)






45. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands






46. Forebrain -band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres






47. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)






48. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin






49. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon






50. Norepinephrine and serotonin







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