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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
stages of sleep
ovaries/testes
dirty medications; clean medications
receptive field
2. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell
red nucleus + substantia nigra
nigrostriatal system
alpha activity
spatial summation
3. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory
hindbrain
extirpation
aphasia
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
4. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine
nucleotides
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
osmoreceptors
consummatory stimulus
5. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)
hypothalamus
Farber et al. (1995)
diploid
cerebral cortex
6. Measure changes in the electrical resistance of the skin (sweat gland activity)
galvanic skin response (GSR)
proximate biological considerations
nigrostriatal system
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
7. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal
collateral sprouting
osmoreceptors
Bruce effect
cerebrospinal fluid
8. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
indirect antagonists
ethology
agonist
amygdala
9. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)
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10. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus
nucleotides
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
norepinephrine
projection area
11. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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12. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
Lee-Boot effect
sleep attack
extirpation
path of cerebrospinal fluid
13. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)
meninges
reticular formation
tectum
mammillary bodies
14. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
lipid soluble drugs/medications
Vomeronasal Organ
Cranial Nerve III
prefrontal hypoactivity
15. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus
Frontal lobe
galvanic skin response (GSR)
diencephalon
tectum
16. Includes the tectum and tegmentum
delta activity
mesencephalon
menstrual cycle
Farber et al. (1995)
17. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
substantia nigra
tectum
HPA Axis
18. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)
tyrosine
GABA
efferent neurons
effects of repeated administration
19. 'Roof'
tectum
basic rest-activity cycle
slow-wave sleep
tegmentum
20. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
cerebellum
Vomeronasal Organ
progesterone
noncompetitive binding
21. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems
pineal gland
Frontal lobe
efferent neurons
alpha activity
22. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
cutaneous senses
hypothalamus
homeostasis
basic rest-activity cycle
23. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
indirect antagonists
lesions in the reticular activating system
K Complexes
medulla & pons
24. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
REM rebound
subdural space
the 7 major neurotransmitters
Bem'S Androgyny studies
25. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
Bem'S Androgyny studies
amygdala
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
26. Occurs under drug-induced conditions - including excessive use of marijuana; high body temperature - autonomic instability and muscle rigidity
neostriatum
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
sensitivity
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
27. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)
norepinephrine
synthesis-activation hypothesis
tolerance
noncompetitive binding
28. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
sensorimotor cortex
estrous cycle
septum
indirect antagonists
29. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
sleep attack
antimanics
alpha activity
efferent neurons
30. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser
triggers of behavior
tritanopia
norepinephrine
Korsakoff'S amnesia
31. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication
hippocampus
tolerance
Mesocortical system
affinity
32. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
Lee-Boot effect
the 7 major neurotransmitters
spinal cord
suprachiasmatic nucleus
33. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
sleep
Cranial Nerve VII
Frontal lobe
34. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle
basic rest-activity cycle
menstrual cycle
diencephalon
septal rage
35. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates
Korsakoff'S amnesia
Cranial Nerve VII
medial nucleus of the amygdala
anterior hypothalamus
36. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals
amygdala
diploid
nigrostriatal system
Vomeronasal Organ
37. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
ipsilateral
sleep attack
extirpation
stages of sleep
38. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N
slow-wave sleep
K Complexes
nigrostriatal system
autonomic nervous system
39. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)
cingulate gyrus
cerebral cortex
motor cortex
iris
40. Moving forward
REM rebound
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
anterograde
locus coeruleus
41. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)
hypothalamus
monoamines
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
polysomnograms
42. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important
homeostasis
Mesolimbic System
estrous cycle
homeostatic regulation
43. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
REM sleep
basal forebrain
alpha activity
Farber et al. (1995)
44. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
lesions in the reticular activating system
extirpation
tyrosine
antagonist
45. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)
amygdala
basic rest-activity cycle
ovaries/testes
motor cortex
46. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery
subdural space
cerebral cortex
bregma
Ketamine
47. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine
estrous cycle
tritanopia
Whitten effect
Korsakoff'S amnesia
48. 'covering'
red nucleus + substantia nigra
tegmentum
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
bregma
49. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold
myelin sheath
cutaneous senses
Cranial Nerve XI
brainstem
50. Viscous substance between cornea and lens; transparent substance between lens and retina
cerebral cortex
accommodation (bodily)
parietal lobes
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
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