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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N






2. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red






3. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






4. Decreasing effects of a medication due to repeated administration






5. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity






6. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






7. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum






8. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies






9. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells






10. Receive incoming sensory information or send out motor impulse commands






11. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges






12. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises






13. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery






14. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine






15. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain






16. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine






17. Norepinephrine and serotonin






18. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance






19. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






20. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)






21. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






22. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain






23. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia






24. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)






25. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors






26. Midbrain - medulla and the pons






27. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity






28. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity






29. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand






30. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)






31. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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32. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods






33. Damage to this are causes clumsiness and loss of balance






34. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing






35. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus






36. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response






37. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei






38. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin






39. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision






40. Controls sexual activity






41. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm






42. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body






43. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level






44. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz






45. The visual image of the world on the retina






46. Optic Nerve - sight






47. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp






48. The maintenance of water balance in the body






49. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina






50. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV







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