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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lesions to this brain structure that is crucial to memory will produce anterograde amnesia
Mesocortical system
bregma
accommodation (bodily)
hippocampus
2. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
substantia nigra
cerebral cortex
hindbrain
midbrain
3. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
Cranial Nerve VIII
path of cerebrospinal fluid
H.M
lipid soluble drugs/medications
4. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
norepinephrine
hypothalamus
aqueous humor
5. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
umami
HPA Axis
Cranial Nerve IV
reciprocal innervation
6. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
Cranial Nerve XI
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
medulla & pons
relative refractory period
7. Damage to this are causes clumsiness and loss of balance
cerebellum
sign stimulus
beta activity
association areas; projection areas
8. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
locus coeruleus
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
mesencephalon
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
9. Made from within - natural
endogenous
Mesocortical system
contralateral
pheromone
10. Occurs at the onset of puberty; a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin
amygdala
relative refractory period
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
nucleotides
11. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
monozygotic twins
Cranial Nerve VI
collateral sprouting
antagonist
12. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
temporal summation
hair cells
tolerance
13. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication
Mesolimbic System
spinal cord
H.M
affinity
14. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
reticular formation
agonist
myelin sheath
Cranial Nerve VIII
15. Maintains balance/posture and coordinates body movements
cerebellum
mesencephalon
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Farber et al. (1995)
16. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)
dopaminergic systems
mesencephalon
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
proximal image
17. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies
sleep attack
autolytic
spinal cord
Cranial Nerve III
18. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell
pituitary gland
basal forebrain
menstrual cycle
spatial summation
19. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
Vomeronasal Organ
septum
brainstem
amygdala
20. 'little net'
Cranial Nerve V
noncompetitive binding
reticulum
subarachnoid space
21. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)
pineal gland
theta activity
fusiform face area
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
22. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion
Lee-Boot effect
path of lightwaves entering eye
sleep attack
Cranial Nerve X
23. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential
relative refractory period
diploid
Cranial Nerve III
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
24. Sign
sign stimulus
efferent neurons
biological etiology of schizophrenia
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
25. Found in the hypothalamus - function to maintain the water balance in the body
antagonist
suprachiasmatic nucleus
osmoreceptors
substantia nigra
26. Occurs under drug-induced conditions - including excessive use of marijuana; high body temperature - autonomic instability and muscle rigidity
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
locus coeruleus
tegmentum
27. There are 12 add more
effects of repeated administration
hippocampus
Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerve II
28. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals
thyroid
effects of repeated administration
septal rage
diploid
29. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain
effects of repeated administration
fornix
basal forebrain
hypothalamus + thalamus
30. Research indicates that the expressing of negative emotions is associated with increased immune function; inhibiting negative emotions with decreasing immune function
retinal ganglion cells
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
basal ganglia
31. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm
tyrosine
zygote
homeostatic regulation
retinal ganglion cells
32. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates
sensorimotor cortex
Cranial Nerve VII
ionotropic receptors
sign stimulus
33. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
direct antagonist
non-REM sleep
zygote
Cranial Nerve VI
34. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates
temporal summation
melatonin
estrous cycle
amacrine cells
35. Follow Hering'S Opponent Process of color vision - and only have two types: red-green and yellow-blue; other levels of color vision are tri-chromatic
retinal ganglion cells
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
motor cortex
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
36. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin
endocrine system
thyroid
species- specific reactions
aqueous humor
37. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz
substantia nigra
hair cells
amacrine cells
theta activity
38. Important to motor system
basic rest-activity cycle
red nucleus + substantia nigra
All-or-None Law
projection area
39. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner
cataplexy
septum
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
Frontal lobe
40. Fluid filled cavities in the middle of the brain - linking to the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord; this fluid is cerebrospinal fluid
locus coeruleus
ventricles
Cranial Nerve VIII
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
41. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
relative refractory period
contralateral
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
temporal summation
42. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
subarachnoid space
cerebrospinal fluid
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
43. Binding of drug to receptor site that doesn'T interfere with the principal ligand
Cranial Nerve II
H.M
noncompetitive binding
tardive dyskinesia
44. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye
behavioral regulation
Coolidge effect
brainstem
Cranial Nerve IV
45. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
Whitten effect
corpus callosum
extirpation
subcortical structures
46. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
sleep spindles
red nucleus + substantia nigra
ionotropic receptors
47. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
reciprocal innervation
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
L-Dopa
K Complexes
48. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow
Hobson & McCarley
mesencephalon
Cranial Nerve IX
basic rest-activity cycle
49. The midbrain; a region that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes tectum and the tegmentum
mesencephalon
affinity
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
adrenal cortex
50. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus
Mesolimbic System
endocrine system
noncompetitive binding
subdural space