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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The viscous substance between cornea and lens
noncompetitive binding
GABA
spinal cord
aqueous humor
2. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells
phenotype
amacrine cells
hippocampus
pituitary gland
3. Found in the hypothalamus - function to maintain the water balance in the body
osmoreceptors
sleep spindles
substantia nigra
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
4. Olfactory Nerve - smell
tectum
ovaries/testes
hypnagogic activity
Cranial Nerve I
5. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
slow-wave sleep
hypothalamus
equipotentiality
hypothalamus + thalamus
6. Midbrain - medulla and the pons
trichromatic levels of color vision
brainstem
Cranial Nerve VII
sleep paralysis
7. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
Cranial Nerve VIII
mesencephalon
REM sleep
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
8. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*
lens
path of cerebrospinal fluid
reaction time
zygote
9. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
association areas; projection areas
relative refractory period
diencephalon
reciprocal innervation
10. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation
All-or-None Law
cerebrospinal fluid
Frontal lobe
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
11. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses
stages of sleep
hair cells
basal forebrain
progesterone
12. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
subdural space
norepinephrine
Farber et al. (1995)
relative refractory period
13. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)
alpha activity
proximal image
HPA Axis
Frontal lobe
14. Transparent substance between lens and retina
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
equipotentiality
reaction time
vitreous humor
15. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision
endorphin
trichromatic levels of color vision
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
monoamines
16. An ovary or teste
dirty medications; clean medications
ultimate biological considerations
hypothalamus
gonad
17. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs
contralateral
indirect antagonists
noncompetitive binding
adrenal cortex
18. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina
neostriatum
brainstem
occipital lobes
accommodation (bodily)
19. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
tolerance
monozygotic twins
substantia nigra
20. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
direct antagonist
amygdala
suprachiasmatic nucleus
substantia nigra
21. ...
dopaminergic systems
ovaries/testes
law of specific nerve energies
aqueous humor
22. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity
subarachnoid space
absolute refractory periods
GABA
Cranial Nerve VIII
23. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm
zygote
fusiform face area
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
24. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
extirpation
alpha activity
hypocretin
Glial cells
25. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
sign stimulus
efferent neurons
temporal summation
menstrual cycle
26. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory
noncompetitive binding
contralateral
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
nystagmus
27. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
suprachiasmatic nucleus
occipital lobes
reticulum
sensorimotor cortex
28. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit
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29. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
stages of sleep
Cranial Nerve XII
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
homeostasis
30. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle
path of cerebrospinal fluid
nigrostriatal system
diencephalon
bregma
31. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)
Cranial Nerve V
zygosity
consummatory stimulus
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
32. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system
Frontal lobe
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
inferior colliculi
antagonist
33. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
direct antagonist
prefrontal cortex
the adrenal medulla
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
34. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
Whitten effect
ipsilateral
hypothalamus
sensitivity
35. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)
suspensory ligament
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
cerebral cortex
noncompetitive binding
36. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin
the 7 major neurotransmitters
fusiform face area
basal forebrain
Farber et al. (1995)
37. Decreasing effects of a medication due to repeated administration
aphasia
tolerance
anterior hypothalamus
spinal cord
38. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
receptive field
39. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice
association area
thyroid
Vandenbergh effect
hypothalamus
40. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)
hair cells
hypothalamus
sleep spindles
parietal lobes
41. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
Frontal lobe
receptive field
parathyroid
path of cerebrospinal fluid
42. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus
Frontal lobe
triggers of behavior
iris
motor cortex
43. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex
gonad
temporal lobes
nigrostriatal system
Thompson & Spencer
44. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
cingulate gyrus
substantia nigra
basal ganglia
45. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
spatial summation
homeostasis
anterograde
autolytic
46. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted
Vandenbergh effect
pheromone
antimanics
alpha activity
47. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
L-Dopa
reciprocal innervation
proximate biological considerations
48. Governs eating/drinking (lateral and ventromedial hypothalami) and sexual activity (anterior portion
Cranial Nerve V
fornix
hypothalamus
Hobson & McCarley
49. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red
proximate biological considerations
effects of repeated administration
tritanopia
substantia nigra
50. Projects to ventral tegmental area
Korsakoff'S amnesia
melatonin
umami
prefrontal cortex
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