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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Located in the midbrain - a group of neurons which produce dopamine and degenerate in Parkinson'S Disease
diploid
ionotropic receptors
projection areas
substantia nigra
2. Midbrain - medulla and the pons
brainstem
sleep paralysis
Cranial Nerve XII
pheromone
3. Regulates body temperature
Cranial Nerve IX
consummatory stimulus
hippocampus
hypothalamus
4. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina
Cranial Nerve II
melatonin
path of lightwaves entering eye
vitreous humor
5. Norepinephrine and serotonin
monoamine neurotransmitters
prefrontal hypoactivity
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
estrous cycle
6. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
thalamus
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
ultimate biological considerations
Cranial Nerve VI
7. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level
osmoreceptors
fusiform face area
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Yerkes-Dodson Law
8. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
hypothalamus
species- specific reactions
melatonin
hypocretin
9. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus
Mesolimbic System
tolerance
hypnagogic activity
law of specific nerve energies
10. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
retinal ganglion cells
diploid
equipotentiality
midbrain
11. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity
graded potentials
endorphin & enkephalin
Mesolimbic System
contralateral
12. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus
Frontal lobe
tectum
subcortical structures
locus coeruleus
13. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
reciprocal innervation
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Frontal lobe
red nucleus + substantia nigra
14. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision
trichromatic levels of color vision
path of lightwaves entering eye
L-Dopa
alpha activity
15. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
reciprocal innervation
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
diencephalon
16. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain
motor cortex
collateral sprouting
zygosity
basal forebrain
17. Trigerminal Nerve - face sensation
amygdala
dirty medications; clean medications
Cranial Nerve V
noncompetitive binding
18. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body
Glial cells
ipsilateral
species- specific reactions
suspensory ligament
19. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery
sensorimotor cortex
bregma
pupil
Mesocortical system
20. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems
substantia nigra
efferent neurons
antimanics
projection fiber
21. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
monoamines
non-REM sleep
H.M
fusiform face area
22. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
pineal gland
23. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
Bruce effect
medulla & pons
endorphin
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
24. Olfactory Nerve - smell
proximate biological considerations
dopaminergic systems
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
Cranial Nerve I
25. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
temporal summation
progesterone
association areas; projection areas
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
26. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
adrenal cortex
H.M
occipital lobes
subcortical structures
27. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
the 7 major neurotransmitters
cerebellum
effects of repeated administration
the adrenal medulla
28. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential
Cranial Nerves
relative refractory period
Ketamine
dirty medications; clean medications
29. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)
cerebral cortex
Cranial Nerve III
Mesolimbic System
Hebb rule
30. Important to motor system
red nucleus + substantia nigra
medulla & pons
alpha activity
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
31. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals
absolute refractory periods
cerebellum
Lee-Boot effect
diploid
32. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz
tolerance
theta activity
hypothalamus + thalamus
anterior hypothalamus
33. Controls sexual activity
cerebellum
stages of sleep
anterior hypothalamus
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
34. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice
ovaries/testes
parathyroid
endorphin
Bruce effect
35. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
tardive dyskinesia
the adrenal medulla
red nucleus + substantia nigra
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
36. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
nystagmus
monoamines
cerebellum
absolute refractory periods
37. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses
tyrosine
substantia nigra
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
hair cells
38. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)
reticular formation
tegmentum
meninges
mammillary bodies
39. 'little net'
Hobson & McCarley
anterograde
reticulum
sexual dimorphic behavior
40. Absolute; relative
septal rage
meninges
Bruce effect
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
41. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
homeostatic regulation
species- specific reactions
parathyroid
42. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)
Yerkes-Dodson Law
equipotentiality
subdural space
hypothalamus
43. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
sensorimotor cortex
bregma
amygdala
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
44. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine
tardive dyskinesia
relative refractory period
All-or-None Law
reticulum
45. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
projection fiber
noncompetitive binding
dopaminergic systems
46. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
occipital lobes
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
agonist
hair cells
47. Optic Nerve - sight
thyroid
pheromone
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Cranial Nerve II
48. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain
proximal image
HPA Axis
norepinephrine
aphasia
49. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)
subarachnoid space
spatial summation
cataplexy
extirpation
50. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep
sleep paralysis
phenotype
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
basic rest-activity cycle