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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell
Cranial Nerve IX
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
spatial summation
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
2. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia
hippocampus
fornix
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
reticular formation
3. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress
galvanic skin response (GSR)
Whitten effect
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Cranial Nerve I
4. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
norepinephrine
neostriatum
inferior colliculi
Cranial Nerve XI
5. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold
dopaminergic systems
Cranial Nerves
cutaneous senses
superior colliculi
6. ...
endogenous
myelin sheath
law of specific nerve energies
tectum
7. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
sleep
hypothalamus + thalamus
Cranial Nerve X
H.M
8. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina
melatonin
hypocretin
Ketamine
accommodation (bodily)
9. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)
locus coeruleus
spatial summation
cerebral cortex
Cranial Nerve IX
10. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
Cranial Nerve XII
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
subarachnoid space
ultimate biological considerations
11. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands
Cranial Nerve VI
projection area
occipital lobes
Glial cells
12. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
lesions in the reticular activating system
reticular formation
spinal cord
Glial cells
13. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal
osmoreceptors
REM sleep
fornix
cerebrospinal fluid
14. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
hypothalamus
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
spinal cord
acetylcholine
15. Begins where spinal cord ends - 3 structures: the medulla - the pons - the cerebellum
nystagmus
cutaneous senses
hindbrain
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
16. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity
GABA
cerebellum
hindbrain
proximal image
17. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle
norepinephrine
association area
diencephalon
proximate biological considerations
18. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation
path of lightwaves entering eye
delta activity
Vomeronasal Organ
All-or-None Law
19. 'Roof'
tectum
autolytic
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
thyroid
20. Midbrain - medulla and the pons
law of specific nerve energies
brainstem
hypothalamus + thalamus
parietal lobes
21. Affect multiple receptors; highly preferential to which type of receptor they affect
medial nucleus of the amygdala
Korsakoff'S amnesia
contralateral
dirty medications; clean medications
22. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine
nucleotides
Cranial Nerve VIII
retinal ganglion cells
hindbrain
23. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
progesterone
suprachiasmatic nucleus
cerebrospinal fluid
Vomeronasal Organ
24. Moving forward
Hobson & McCarley
anterograde
supernormal stimulus
thalamus
25. Glandular system control center - produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic; functions in both the nervous system and endocrine sytem - In the forebrain - regulates motivated behaviors (eating - drinking - aggression - sexual behavior
hypothalamus
aqueous humor
Vandenbergh effect
spinal cord
26. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
phenotype
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
sensorimotor cortex
hypothalamus
27. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)
tyrosine
zygote
Hobson & McCarley
substantia nigra
28. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
melatonin
Lee-Boot effect
cerebellum
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
29. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
pupil
Frontal lobe
Lee-Boot effect
30. Are found in the diencephalon
hypothalamus + thalamus
tardive dyskinesia
substantia nigra
synthesis-activation hypothesis
31. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity
effects of repeated administration
suspensory ligament
antagonist
Mesocortical system
32. Optic Nerve - sight
dopaminergic systems
mesencephalon
Cranial Nerve II
aqueous humor
33. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)
Vomeronasal Organ
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
amygdala
homeostasis
34. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N
mammillary bodies
autonomic nervous system
sleep
Cranial Nerves
35. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid
monozygotic twins
zygosity
parathyroid
pineal gland
36. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye
Cranial Nerve IV
estrous cycle
projection area
reticular formation
37. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
association areas; projection areas
substantia nigra
antagonist
cingulate gyrus
38. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness
ventricles
lesions in the reticular activating system
phenotype
thyroid
39. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells
amacrine cells
acetylcholine
absolute refractory periods
fusiform face area
40. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
acetylcholine
zygosity
biological foundations
effects of repeated administration
41. Found in the hypothalamus - function to maintain the water balance in the body
osmoreceptors
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
behavioral regulation
association areas; projection areas
42. Transparent substance between lens and retina
vitreous humor
receptor blockers
substantia nigra
tegmentum
43. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety
agonist
amygdala
endorphin
association area
44. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)
ionotropic receptors
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
zygosity
brainstem
45. Has neurons for reflexes
spinal cord
noncompetitive binding
parietal lobes
inferior colliculi
46. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin
thyroid
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
GABA
collateral sprouting
47. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
Cranial Nerves
midbrain
polysomnograms
Hebb rule
48. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)
Cranial Nerve II
occipital lobes
autolytic
sleep spindles
49. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
path of cerebrospinal fluid
nucleotides
tolerance
anterior hypothalamus
50. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep
supernormal stimulus
receptive field
ionotropic receptors
basic rest-activity cycle