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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Affect multiple receptors; highly preferential to which type of receptor they affect






2. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






3. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






4. Includes the tectum and tegmentum






5. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists






6. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy






7. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






8. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus






9. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)






10. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands






11. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra and ending in the neostriatum






12. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)






13. Follow Hering'S Opponent Process of color vision - and only have two types: red-green and yellow-blue; other levels of color vision are tri-chromatic






14. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron






15. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






16. Sleepwalking - sleep talking






17. Decreasing effects of a medication due to repeated administration






18. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO






19. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






20. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N






21. Occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep; regular - synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz






22. Occurs under drug-induced conditions - including excessive use of marijuana; high body temperature - autonomic instability and muscle rigidity






23. Readiness with which molecules/drugs/medications join together; varies widely from medication to medication






24. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia






25. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells






26. ...






27. Damage to this are causes clumsiness and loss of balance






28. Made from within - natural






29. 'little net'






30. Receive incoming sensory information or send out motor impulse commands






31. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems






32. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms






33. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.






34. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)






35. Holds the lens in place






36. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction






37. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)






38. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)






39. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone






40. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body






41. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)






42. The viscous substance between cornea and lens






43. 'covering'






44. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz






45. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp






46. Oculomotor Nerve - moves eye pupil






47. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner






48. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)

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49. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra






50. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor