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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Norepinephrine and serotonin






2. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity






3. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted






4. Made from within - natural






5. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia






6. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






7. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






8. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex






9. The scientific study of animal behavior; documentation of species-specific instinctual behaviors






10. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)






11. Forebrain -band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres






12. Hormones that reduce pain






13. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia






14. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz






15. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential






16. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications






17. Abducens Nerve - moves eye






18. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)






19. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






20. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract






21. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)






22. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)






23. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity






24. Caudate nucleus and putamen






25. Self-dissolving






26. Phantom limb pain - hypnotic induction and the success rate of placebo treatments






27. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp






28. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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29. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.






30. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates






31. Olfactory Nerve - smell






32. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina






33. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior






34. Located underneath the cerebral cortex and includes the bottom portion of the forebrain - cerebellum - basal ganglia - medulla - pons - midbrain - thalamus - hypothalamus - amygdala - hippocampus






35. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level






36. Colored part of the eye






37. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation






38. Serotonin = 5-HT -regulation of mood - anxiety - aggression - sleep - appetite - sexuality -rostral and caudal raphe nuclei






39. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO






40. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory






41. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






42. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.






43. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






44. The maintenance of water balance in the body






45. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates






46. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






47. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation






48. Maintains balance/posture and coordinates body movements






49. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior






50. Are found in the diencephalon