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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
Cranial Nerve XII
pituitary gland
antimanics
Vandenbergh effect
2. Phantom limb pain - hypnotic induction and the success rate of placebo treatments
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
tectum
consummatory stimulus
sensorimotor cortex
3. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity
collateral sprouting
mesencephalon
Cranial Nerve X
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
4. Occurs intermittently during early stages of slow-wave sleep and REM sleep 3.5-7.5 Hz
Coolidge effect
projection areas
theta activity
superior colliculi
5. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
hypnagogic activity
proximal image
Vomeronasal Organ
fornix
6. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice
substantia nigra
Vandenbergh effect
direct antagonist
REM sleep
7. The maintenance of water balance in the body
K Complexes
osmoregulation
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
Vomeronasal Organ
8. Has neurons for reflexes
pupil
spinal cord
sign stimulus
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
9. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus
norepinephrine
cerebellum
monoamine neurotransmitters
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
10. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)
Hobson & McCarley
consummatory stimulus
suspensory ligament
association area
11. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
cataplexy
hypothalamus
endorphin
equipotentiality
12. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior
anterior hypothalamus
receptive field
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
amygdala
13. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
noncompetitive binding
extirpation
red nucleus + substantia nigra
Whitten effect
14. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing
pituitary gland
pheromone
accommodation (bodily)
spatial summation
15. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
norepinephrine
medial nucleus of the amygdala
sexual dimorphic behavior
Cranial Nerve XI
16. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad
sleep
sign stimulus
medial nucleus of the amygdala
mammillary bodies
17. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
non-REM sleep
stages of sleep
relative refractory period
temporal lobes
18. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
prefrontal hypoactivity
direct antagonist
basal forebrain
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
19. Attaches to a binding site on receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor without affecting the binding site for the principal ligand (noncompetitive binding)
indirect antagonists
monozygotic twins
noncompetitive binding
autonomic nervous system
20. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
norepinephrine
basal ganglia
septal rage
21. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
lipid soluble drugs/medications
tardive dyskinesia
Korsakoff'S amnesia
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
22. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
estrous cycle
locus coeruleus
pituitary gland
sexual dimorphic behavior
23. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death
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24. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
hindbrain
subdural space
effects of repeated administration
25. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra and ending in the neostriatum
HPA Axis
nigrostriatal system
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
suprachiasmatic nucleus
26. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine
Whitten effect
ultimate biological considerations
K Complexes
suspensory ligament
27. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
path of cerebrospinal fluid
law of specific nerve energies
reticulum
acetylcholine
28. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)
lipid soluble drugs/medications
mammillary bodies
autonomic nervous system
biological etiology of schizophrenia
29. Oculomotor Nerve - moves eye pupil
Cranial Nerve III
autolytic
Cranial Nerve I
tolerance
30. Colored part of the eye
brainstem
biological foundations
iris
reciprocal innervation
31. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
zygosity
hypothalamus
affinity
sensitivity
32. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep
sexual dimorphic behavior
sleep paralysis
Yerkes-Dodson Law
projection areas
33. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb
tegmentum
receptor blockers
basal ganglia
medial nucleus of the amygdala
34. Measure changes in the electrical resistance of the skin (sweat gland activity)
the 7 major neurotransmitters
melatonin
pineal gland
galvanic skin response (GSR)
35. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)
trichromatic levels of color vision
noncompetitive binding
fusiform face area
noncompetitive binding
36. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
cingulate gyrus
occipital lobes
brainstem
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
37. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior
corpus callosum
septal rage
Hobson & McCarley
indirect antagonists
38. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands
non-competitive binding
projection area
tardive dyskinesia
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
39. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)
alpha activity
locus coeruleus
Cranial Nerve XI
Cranial Nerve VII
40. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
suprachiasmatic nucleus
tegmentum
the 7 major neurotransmitters
sleep attack
41. Olfactory Nerve - smell
Cranial Nerve I
trichromatic levels of color vision
pineal gland
beta activity
42. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
HPA Axis
association area
mammillary bodies
ultimate biological considerations
43. Moving forward
anterograde
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
44. Governs eating/drinking (lateral and ventromedial hypothalami) and sexual activity (anterior portion
zygosity
substantia nigra
Mesocortical system
hypothalamus
45. Begins where spinal cord ends - 3 structures: the medulla - the pons - the cerebellum
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
hindbrain
ethology
law of specific nerve energies
46. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
graded potentials
Korsakoff'S amnesia
47. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted
hypothalamus
inferior colliculi
pheromone
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
48. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important
red nucleus + substantia nigra
homeostatic regulation
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
spatial summation
49. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes
effects of repeated administration
cerebrospinal fluid
Cranial Nerve IV
cataplexy
50. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential
myelin sheath
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
aqueous humor
theta activity