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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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2. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor






3. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones






4. Are direct antagonists; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - but prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor






5. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






6. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)






7. Sleepwalking - sleep talking






8. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine






9. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad






10. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)






11. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications






12. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior






13. Controls sexual activity






14. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory






15. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration






16. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






17. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2






18. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs






19. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin






20. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation






21. 'covering'






22. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex






23. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain






24. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals






25. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






26. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)






27. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity






28. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle






29. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp






30. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






31. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei






32. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)






33. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance






34. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.






35. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier






36. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)






37. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress






38. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand






39. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)






40. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)






41. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice






42. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies






43. Moving forward






44. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)






45. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)






46. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina






47. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened






48. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






49. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia






50. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms