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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
neostriatum
cerebellum
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
2. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
noncompetitive binding
cingulate gyrus
ipsilateral
Cranial Nerve V
3. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates
slow-wave sleep
amacrine cells
Cranial Nerve VII
pupil
4. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands
phenotype
Mesocortical system
progesterone
projection area
5. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy
spatial summation
beta activity
hypocretin
lesions in the reticular activating system
6. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
non-REM sleep
osmoreceptors
aphasia
reciprocal innervation
7. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress
delta activity
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
thyroid
Frontal lobe
8. Norepinephrine and serotonin
monoamine neurotransmitters
Vandenbergh effect
bregma
contralateral
9. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi
tectum
Mesocortical system
ovaries/testes
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
10. Governs eating/drinking (lateral and ventromedial hypothalami) and sexual activity (anterior portion
hypothalamus
K Complexes
Cranial Nerve I
synthesis-activation hypothesis
11. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
pineal gland
hindbrain
biological foundations
Cranial Nerve VII
12. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm
sleep
beta activity
zygote
All-or-None Law
13. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety
endorphin
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
ipsilateral
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
14. Oculomotor Nerve - moves eye pupil
homeostasis
non-competitive binding
spinal cord
Cranial Nerve III
15. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell
delta activity
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
agonist
monoamines
16. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus
hypothalamus + thalamus
norepinephrine
homeostatic regulation
subdural space
17. Holds the lens in place
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
Yerkes-Dodson Law
suspensory ligament
endorphin
18. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
stages of sleep
medial nucleus of the amygdala
Cranial Nerve VIII
Cranial Nerve I
19. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep
sleep paralysis
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
tegmentum
aphasia
20. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
collateral sprouting
dopaminergic systems
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
extirpation
21. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
Farber et al. (1995)
association area
K Complexes
22. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system
hippocampus
vitreous humor
ethology
inferior colliculi
23. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
menstrual cycle
antimanics
L-Dopa
24. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity
REM rebound
collateral sprouting
L-Dopa
absolute refractory periods
25. Expression of traits
cerebellum
biological etiology of schizophrenia
phenotype
hypothalamus + thalamus
26. Projects to ventral tegmental area
absolute refractory periods
theta activity
prefrontal cortex
lesions in the reticular activating system
27. ...
dirty medications; clean medications
mesencephalon
law of specific nerve energies
hypnagogic activity
28. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)
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29. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
HPA Axis
bregma
hindbrain
30. Occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep; regular - synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz
temporal summation
delta activity
Hobson & McCarley
reticular formation
31. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)
Cranial Nerve I
effects of repeated administration
monoamines
non-REM sleep
32. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)
monozygotic twins
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
cerebral cortex
alpha activity
33. Caudate nucleus and putamen
galvanic skin response (GSR)
tectum
affinity
neostriatum
34. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)
hypothalamus
bregma
umami
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
35. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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36. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell
receptive field
tectum
cerebellum
spatial summation
37. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
endogenous
subdural space
Bruce effect
consummatory stimulus
38. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs
sexual dimorphic behavior
hypnagogic activity
fornix
noncompetitive binding
39. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
polysomnograms
Cranial Nerve XI
monoamine neurotransmitters
cerebral cortex
40. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
lipid soluble drugs/medications
trichromatic levels of color vision
direct antagonist
cerebellum
41. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness
locus coeruleus
receptor blockers
motor cortex
REM sleep
42. 'covering'
tegmentum
prefrontal cortex
tyrosine
effects of repeated administration
43. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies
estrous cycle
prefrontal hypoactivity
spinal cord
triggers of behavior
44. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity
graded potentials
slow-wave sleep
endogenous
phenotype
45. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)
polysomnograms
ovaries/testes
slow-wave sleep
ultimate biological considerations
46. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)
tyrosine
graded potentials
consummatory stimulus
sensorimotor cortex
47. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation
REM rebound
phenotype
occipital lobes
projection area
48. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
hindbrain
ionotropic receptors
49. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*
cerebellum
reaction time
locus coeruleus
Cranial Nerve XII
50. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain
nigrostriatal system
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
sexual dimorphic behavior
basal forebrain