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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N
basal ganglia
affinity
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
autonomic nervous system
2. Lesions to this brain structure that is crucial to memory will produce anterograde amnesia
hypothalamus
hippocampus
norepinephrine
tegmentum
3. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory
accommodation (bodily)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
indirect antagonists
species- specific reactions
4. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)
ovaries/testes
sleep attack
Mesolimbic System
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
5. Attaches to a binding site on receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor without affecting the binding site for the principal ligand (noncompetitive binding)
ipsilateral
indirect antagonists
relative refractory period
fornix
6. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin
species- specific reactions
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
thyroid
sign stimulus
7. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)
zygosity
pupil
receptor blockers
antagonist
8. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration
law of specific nerve energies
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
symptoms of Parkinson'S Disease
menstrual cycle
9. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)
septal rage
amygdala
sign stimulus
lipid soluble drugs/medications
10. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)
supernormal stimulus
equipotentiality
biological etiology of schizophrenia
synthesis-activation hypothesis
11. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)
Cranial Nerve VIII
cerebellum
monozygotic twins
pineal gland
12. Somewhat excitatory - also involved in synaptic plasticity - learning and short-term memory
equipotentiality
receptive field
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
13. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
monoamines
scotopic vision
projection area
the adrenal medulla
14. ...
law of specific nerve energies
basic rest-activity cycle
fornix
amacrine cells
15. Is used to treat Parkinson'S Disease
parathyroid
aphasia
L-Dopa
basic rest-activity cycle
16. Symptom of narcolepsy - paralysis occurring just before a person falls alseep
sleep paralysis
mesencephalon
Thompson & Spencer
receptive field
17. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
absolute refractory periods
homeostasis
association areas; projection areas
18. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus
cataplexy
Mesolimbic System
substantia nigra
consummatory stimulus
19. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
non-competitive bonding
umami
lesions in the reticular activating system
20. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei
norepinephrine
slow-wave sleep
mammillary bodies
affinity
21. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
pineal gland
non-REM sleep
brainstem
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
22. Those biological considerations which are IMMEDIATE;Behavioral/Cognitive Neuroscience (i.e. how the nervous and endocrine systems influence behaviors/thoughts)
basal forebrain
hypothalamus
proximate biological considerations
hippocampus
23. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia
prefrontal hypoactivity
effects of repeated administration
Whitten effect
lens
24. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
norepinephrine
amacrine cells
nucleotides
25. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)
pheromone
synthesis-activation hypothesis
biological etiology of schizophrenia
ionotropic receptors
26. Automatic and rapidly acquired reactions - not attributable to reinforcement or conditioning
basal forebrain
amacrine cells
trichromatic levels of color vision
species- specific reactions
27. The scientific study of animal behavior; documentation of species-specific instinctual behaviors
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
noncompetitive binding
ethology
HPA Axis
28. Holds the lens in place
supernormal stimulus
projection areas
theta activity
suspensory ligament
29. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract
acetylcholine
homeostatic regulation
receptor blockers
medulla & pons
30. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress
effects of repeated administration
norepinephrine
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
31. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.
endocrine system
proximal image
hypothalamus + thalamus
zygosity
32. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
trichromatic levels of color vision
subarachnoid space
Farber et al. (1995)
effects of repeated administration
33. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions
suspensory ligament
All-or-None Law
theta activity
association area
34. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
Mesolimbic System
Coolidge effect
path of cerebrospinal fluid
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
35. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
Bem'S Androgyny studies
sleep attack
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
nystagmus
36. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response
Cranial Nerve I
HPA Axis
contralateral
corpus callosum
37. Consummatory stimulus
consummatory stimulus
collateral sprouting
lipid soluble drugs/medications
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
38. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods
umami
sexual dimorphic behavior
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
suspensory ligament
39. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb
medial nucleus of the amygdala
inferior colliculi
Cranial Nerve IV
direct antagonist
40. Regulates body temperature
Cranial Nerve V
indirect antagonists
hippocampus
hypothalamus
41. Decreasing effects of a medication due to repeated administration
REM rebound
tolerance
zygote
zygosity
42. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles
absolute refractory periods
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
Vomeronasal Organ
progesterone
43. Has two lobes that are connected by the massa intermedia (looks like a pair of balls - without the nutsack)
K Complexes
Cranial Nerve II
direct antagonist
thalamus
44. Governs eating/drinking (lateral and ventromedial hypothalami) and sexual activity (anterior portion
superior colliculi
indirect antagonists
hypothalamus
agonist
45. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath
monozygotic twins
Glial cells
endorphin
Cranial Nerve II
46. Binding of drug to receptor site that doesn'T interfere with the principal ligand
amygdala
hindbrain
noncompetitive binding
meninges
47. First described by Descartes - a combination of antagonistic muscle movements (e.g. those involved in walking)
dirty medications; clean medications
biological etiology of schizophrenia
reciprocal innervation
endorphin & enkephalin
48. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)
hypothalamus
Whitten effect
spinal cord
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
49. Research indicates that the expressing of negative emotions is associated with increased immune function; inhibiting negative emotions with decreasing immune function
nucleotides
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
menstrual cycle
Mesocortical system
50. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine
Farber et al. (1995)
equipotentiality
tardive dyskinesia
slow-wave sleep
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