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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






2. Are found in the diencephalon






3. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands






4. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults






5. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)






6. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)






7. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell






8. Includes the tectum and tegmentum






9. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine






10. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice






11. Receive incoming sensory information or send out motor impulse commands






12. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon






13. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp






14. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra and ending in the neostriatum






15. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes






16. 'little brain'






17. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






18. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity






19. Damage to this are causes clumsiness and loss of balance






20. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology






21. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.






22. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates






23. Viscous substance between cornea and lens; transparent substance between lens and retina






24. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine






25. Caudate nucleus and putamen






26. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






27. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






28. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






29. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2






30. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle






31. Accessory Nerve - moves the head






32. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)






33. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone






34. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness






35. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor






36. Serotonin = 5-HT -regulation of mood - anxiety - aggression - sleep - appetite - sexuality -rostral and caudal raphe nuclei






37. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal






38. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements


39. Has two lobes that are connected by the massa intermedia (looks like a pair of balls - without the nutsack)






40. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges






41. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold






42. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side






43. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted






44. Transparent substance between lens and retina






45. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system






46. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






47. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)






48. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine






49. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia






50. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death