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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
hippocampus
reaction time
ipsilateral
stages of sleep
2. Affect multiple receptors; highly preferential to which type of receptor they affect
monoamines
dirty medications; clean medications
hypocretin
motor cortex
3. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon
reticular formation
Cranial Nerve I
hypothalamus + thalamus
accommodation (bodily)
4. Phantom limb pain - hypnotic induction and the success rate of placebo treatments
path of lightwaves entering eye
alpha activity
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
Yerkes-Dodson Law
5. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
Cranial Nerve XII
Hebb rule
hypocretin
6. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity
effects of repeated administration
suspensory ligament
tegmentum
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
7. Maintains balance/posture and coordinates body movements
tectum
cerebellum
autonomic nervous system
spinal cord
8. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
tectum
medulla & pons
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
autolytic
9. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology
ultimate biological considerations
ovaries/testes
Vomeronasal Organ
biological foundations
10. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
lipid soluble drugs/medications
non-REM sleep
hypothalamus + thalamus
indirect antagonists
11. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
accommodation (bodily)
pheromone
theta activity
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
12. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
prefrontal hypoactivity
suprachiasmatic nucleus
collateral sprouting
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
13. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm
Ketamine
septal rage
zygote
aphasia
14. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)
projection fiber
noncompetitive binding
aphasia
tritanopia
15. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
sensorimotor cortex
noncompetitive binding
homeostasis
melatonin
16. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell
amygdala
projection areas
Cranial Nerve IV
spatial summation
17. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
monoamines
cerebellum
medial nucleus of the amygdala
Yerkes-Dodson Law
18. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)
bregma
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
septal rage
fusiform face area
19. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle
projection fiber
diencephalon
subdural space
anterior hypothalamus
20. 'covering'
path of lightwaves entering eye
anterograde
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
tegmentum
21. Has two lobes that are connected by the massa intermedia (looks like a pair of balls - without the nutsack)
thalamus
substantia nigra
amygdala
amygdala
22. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra and ending in the neostriatum
prefrontal hypoactivity
reticulum
cerebellum
nigrostriatal system
23. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness
septum
extirpation
red nucleus + substantia nigra
lesions in the reticular activating system
24. The maintenance of water balance in the body
osmoregulation
brainstem
Cranial Nerve I
medulla & pons
25. Abducens Nerve - moves eye
Cranial Nerve VI
basic rest-activity cycle
ipsilateral
homeostatic regulation
26. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory
sign stimulus
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Cranial Nerve VI
spinal cord
27. Consummatory stimulus
thalamus
consummatory stimulus
All-or-None Law
endogenous
28. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
trichromatic levels of color vision
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
adrenal cortex
nystagmus
29. 'little brain'
phenotype
cerebellum
polysomnograms
Farber et al. (1995)
30. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
melatonin
hypothalamus + thalamus
Mesolimbic System
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
31. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
direct antagonist
reticular formation
amygdala
32. Supernormal
supernormal stimulus
species- specific reactions
motor cortex
spinal cord
33. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses
pineal gland
hippocampus
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
hair cells
34. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
K Complexes
All-or-None Law
septal rage
brainstem
35. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)
non-REM sleep
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
Bruce effect
monoamines
36. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
Mesocortical system
sexual dimorphic behavior
Vomeronasal Organ
monoamines
37. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser
beta activity
lesions in the reticular activating system
triggers of behavior
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
38. Synchronized EEG activity during its deeper stages
hypnagogic activity
non-REM sleep
Cranial Nerve V
extirpation
39. Caudate nucleus and putamen
Cranial Nerve VI
neostriatum
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
galvanic skin response (GSR)
40. Located in the midbrain - a group of neurons which produce dopamine and degenerate in Parkinson'S Disease
biological etiology of schizophrenia
substantia nigra
motor cortex
dirty medications; clean medications
41. The scientific study of animal behavior; documentation of species-specific instinctual behaviors
septal rage
ethology
non-competitive binding
norepinephrine
42. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
amacrine cells
hair cells
nigrostriatal system
43. Attaches to a binding site on receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor without affecting the binding site for the principal ligand (noncompetitive binding)
delta activity
indirect antagonists
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
Vandenbergh effect
44. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
sensorimotor cortex
L-Dopa
substantia nigra
45. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)
alpha activity
REM rebound
Vomeronasal Organ
biological etiology of Parkinson'S Disease
46. Skin senses that register the sensations of pressure - warmth and cold
tectum
noncompetitive binding
mesencephalon
cutaneous senses
47. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system
Cranial Nerve VIII
amygdala
HPA Axis
relative refractory period
48. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods
reaction time
scotopic vision
midbrain
umami
49. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity
Coolidge effect
thalamus
law of specific nerve energies
scotopic vision
50. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions
All-or-None Law
Farber et al. (1995)
association area
Mesolimbic System
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