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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






2. Fluid filled cavities in the middle of the brain - linking to the spinal canal that runs down the middle of the spinal cord; this fluid is cerebrospinal fluid






3. Attaches to a binding site on receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor without affecting the binding site for the principal ligand (noncompetitive binding)






4. Made from within - natural






5. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






6. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened






7. Glandular system control center - produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic; functions in both the nervous system and endocrine sytem - In the forebrain - regulates motivated behaviors (eating - drinking - aggression - sexual behavior






8. Accessory Nerve - moves the head






9. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep






10. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side






11. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles






12. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy






13. 'little net'






14. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.






15. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response






16. Expression of traits






17. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine






18. In the posterior frontal lobe - contains the somatosensory cortex (touch - pressure - temperature - pain)






19. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex






20. Is found in the interior rostral temporal lobe - part of limbic system






21. Are direct antagonists; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - but prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor






22. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response






23. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron






24. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)






25. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2






26. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates






27. Optic Nerve - sight






28. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone






29. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists






30. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice






31. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)






32. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision






33. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)






34. The viscous substance between cornea and lens






35. ...






36. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness






37. Hormones that reduce pain






38. Viscous substance between cornea and lens; transparent substance between lens and retina






39. Has neurons for reflexes






40. Absolute; relative






41. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)

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42. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice






43. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity






44. Self-dissolving






45. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates






46. Trigerminal Nerve - face sensation






47. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






48. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






49. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia






50. Occurs at the onset of puberty; a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin