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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)






2. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






3. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)






4. Optic Nerve - sight






5. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






6. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue






7. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon






8. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N






9. Phantom limb pain - hypnotic induction and the success rate of placebo treatments






10. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)






11. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration






12. Actually are two kinds: monochorionic and dichorionic (blastocyst splis into two before day 4)






13. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






14. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)






15. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex






16. Projects to ventral tegmental area






17. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors






18. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)






19. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)






20. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)






21. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






22. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior






23. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






24. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain






25. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm






26. Damage to this are causes clumsiness and loss of balance






27. Holds the lens in place






28. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety






29. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia






30. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal






31. There are 12 add more






32. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones






33. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






34. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine






35. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles






36. 'Roof'






37. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






38. Occurs when an external stimulation - regardless of intensity - will not trigger a new action potential






39. ...






40. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin






41. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron






42. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)






43. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






44. Moving forward






45. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina






46. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to






47. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements

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48. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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49. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion






50. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs







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