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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
noncompetitive binding
beta activity
antimanics
cingulate gyrus
2. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates
mammillary bodies
Cranial Nerve III
ionotropic receptors
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
3. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery
temporal summation
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
Vandenbergh effect
bregma
4. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain
aphasia
vitreous humor
spinal cord
norepinephrine
5. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)
substantia nigra
corpus callosum
antimanics
absolute refractory periods
6. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system
superior colliculi
Vomeronasal Organ
basic rest-activity cycle
zygosity
7. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
phenotype
K Complexes
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
mesencephalon
8. Hypoglossal Nerve - moves the tongue
Cranial Nerve XII
fornix
indirect antagonists
Coolidge effect
9. ...
law of specific nerve energies
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
prefrontal hypoactivity
cingulate gyrus
10. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges
Cranial Nerves
fusiform face area
L-Dopa
subdural space
11. There are 12 add more
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
H.M
Cranial Nerves
dopaminergic systems
12. Located in the midbrain - a group of neurons which produce dopamine and degenerate in Parkinson'S Disease
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
substantia nigra
adrenal cortex
parathyroid
13. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N
tegmentum
ovaries/testes
autonomic nervous system
homeostasis
14. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
medulla & pons
midbrain
nystagmus
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
15. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors
parathyroid
spinal cord
Ketamine
basal ganglia
16. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
Farber et al. (1995)
amygdala
path of lightwaves entering eye
gonad
17. The Lee-Boot effect - Whitten effect - Vandenbergh effect - and the Bruce effect; all mediated by the VNO
Cranial Nerve VI
indirect antagonists
hair cells
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
18. Areas in the brain receiving incoming sensory information or sending out motor-impulse commands
path of lightwaves entering eye
amygdala
projection area
biological foundations
19. Hormones that reduce pain
hindbrain
estrous cycle
subarachnoid space
endorphin & enkephalin
20. Holds the lens in place
sleep spindles
hypothalamus
suspensory ligament
Cranial Nerve XII
21. 'covering'
Cranial Nerve XI
subarachnoid space
proximate biological considerations
tegmentum
22. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal
cerebrospinal fluid
sensorimotor cortex
sleep
homeostasis
23. Forebrain -band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
Lee-Boot effect
myelin sheath
meninges
corpus callosum
24. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles
Lee-Boot effect
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
norepinephrine
progesterone
25. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
path of lightwaves entering eye
Cranial Nerve X
cerebellum
26. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level
ionotropic receptors
Yerkes-Dodson Law
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
sexual dimorphic behavior
27. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad
sleep
amacrine cells
receptor blockers
Vandenbergh effect
28. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems
efferent neurons
hypnagogic activity
medial nucleus of the amygdala
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
29. Self-dissolving
adrenal cortex
autolytic
anterograde
noncompetitive binding
30. Is used to treat Parkinson'S Disease
umami
L-Dopa
biological etiology of schizophrenia
effects of repeated administration
31. Occur in amacrine - bipolar and horizontal cells; govern/encompass the opponent-process level of color vision
subdural space
consummatory stimulus
alpha activity
trichromatic levels of color vision
32. Transparent substance between lens and retina
brainstem
indirect antagonists
vitreous humor
association area
33. Tremors - rigidity of limbs - poor balance and difficulty initiating movements
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34. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
amygdala
locus coeruleus
occipital lobes
fornix
35. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction
nystagmus
hypothalamus + thalamus
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
contralateral
36. Receive incoming sensory information or send out motor impulse commands
Farber et al. (1995)
REM sleep
theta activity
projection areas
37. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
temporal lobes
supernormal stimulus
monozygotic twins
direct antagonist
38. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red
tritanopia
occipital lobes
prefrontal cortex
association area
39. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)
aqueous humor
parietal lobes
amygdala
umami
40. The maintenance of water balance in the body
endogenous
osmoregulation
sleep
basic rest-activity cycle
41. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
autonomic nervous system
motor cortex
medulla & pons
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
42. Viscous substance between cornea and lens; transparent substance between lens and retina
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
norepinephrine
norepinephrine
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
43. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
amacrine cells
accommodation (bodily)
pituitary gland
44. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
K Complexes
sleep
sleep paralysis
45. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
aqueous humor
basal forebrain
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
antagonist
46. Occurs when an external stimulation - regardless of intensity - will not trigger a new action potential
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
endorphin
Glial cells
absolute refractory periods
47. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell
spatial summation
All-or-None Law
direct antagonist
amygdala
48. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
theta activity
Vomeronasal Organ
midbrain
amygdala
49. Regulates body temperature
hypothalamus
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
Coolidge effect
50. Caudate nucleus and putamen
hypothalamus
tectum
diencephalon
neostriatum
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