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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death
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2. Is a receptor blocker; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - actually prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
species- specific reactions
HPA Axis
direct antagonist
stages of sleep
3. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
norepinephrine
Farber et al. (1995)
Vomeronasal Organ
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
4. Are direct antagonists; binds with a receptor but does not activate it - but prevents the natural ligand from binding with the receptor
tritanopia
sexual dimorphic behavior
effects of repeated administration
receptor blockers
5. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential
relative refractory period
homeostasis
cerebellum
Cranial Nerve II
6. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
indirect antagonists
umami
amygdala
7. Sleepwalking - sleep talking
hypnagogic activity
hindbrain
meninges
lipid soluble drugs/medications
8. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine
REM rebound
the adrenal medulla
emotional disclosure + immune functioning
Coolidge effect
9. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad
All-or-None Law
sleep
Whitten effect
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
10. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)
direct antagonist
biological etiology of schizophrenia
tectum
suspensory ligament
11. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
reaction time
monoamines
meninges
Cranial Nerve I
12. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior
behavioral regulation
basal ganglia
Hebb rule
mesencephalon
13. Controls sexual activity
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
anterior hypothalamus
projection fiber
estrous cycle
14. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory
acetylcholine
motor cortex
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
fornix
15. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
aqueous humor
acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)
sensitivity
effects of repeated administration
16. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
Cranial Nerve XII
homeostasis
diencephalon
spatial summation
17. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
amygdala
dirty medications; clean medications
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
medial nucleus of the amygdala
18. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs
fusiform face area
dopaminergic systems
noncompetitive binding
biological etiology of schizophrenia
19. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin
species- specific reactions
temporal lobes
anterior hypothalamus
thyroid
20. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
REM rebound
temporal lobes
hypothalamus
21. 'covering'
motor cortex
receptive field
tegmentum
Cranial Nerve III
22. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex
scotopic vision
L-Dopa
temporal lobes
prefrontal hypoactivity
23. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
tolerance
subdural space
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
hippocampus
24. Having two copies of each chromosomes in most cells (except the gametes) - e.g. most mammals
ventricles
hypothalamus + thalamus
suspensory ligament
diploid
25. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system
inferior colliculi
L-Dopa
Whitten effect
endorphin & enkephalin
26. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)
hypocretin
amygdala
trichromatic levels of color vision
extirpation
27. Mechanism whereby neurons make connections to new areas to change their connectivity
parathyroid
collateral sprouting
anterograde
direct antagonist
28. Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus; region of forebrain surrounding the 3rd ventricle
diencephalon
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
effects of repeated administration
tegmentum
29. Choroid Plexus > Ventricle 1 & 2 > Foramen of Monro > Ventricle 3 > Aqueduct of Sylvius > Ventricle 4 > Foramen of Magendie lateral aperture) > Foramina of Luschka (lateral aperture) - subarachnoid space (outside of brain) and spinal cord > re-absorp
agonist
Cranial Nerve XII
ionotropic receptors
path of cerebrospinal fluid
30. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles
cerebral cortex
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Ketamine
suprachiasmatic nucleus
31. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei
red nucleus + substantia nigra
proximal image
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
mammillary bodies
32. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)
noncompetitive binding
ovaries/testes
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
indirect antagonists
33. Vestibulocochlear Nerve - hearing and balance
septal rage
Cranial Nerve VIII
tolerance
autolytic
34. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.
Thompson & Spencer
path of cerebrospinal fluid
monoamines
osmoregulation
35. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
association area
lipid soluble drugs/medications
sleep paralysis
non-REM sleep
36. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)
scotopic vision
fusiform face area
trichromatic levels of color vision
Mesocortical system
37. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress
parathyroid
direct antagonist
Hebb rule
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
38. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand
non-competitive binding
REM sleep
monozygotic twins
amacrine cells
39. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)
indirect antagonists
polysomnograms
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
Hobson & McCarley
40. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
effects of repeated administration
meninges
Glial cells
motor cortex
41. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice
supernormal stimulus
menstrual cycle
stages of sleep
Lee-Boot effect
42. Relays nerve impulses - processes sensory impulses - reflex behavior and contains nerve cell bodies
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
scotopic vision
meninges
spinal cord
43. Moving forward
anterograde
acetylcholine
proximal image
hypothalamus
44. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)
lesions in the reticular activating system
amygdala
consummatory stimulus
zygosity
45. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)
septum
efferent neurons
antimanics
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
46. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina
nystagmus
phenotype
tyrosine
accommodation (bodily)
47. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened
temporal summation
K Complexes
thyroid
Hebb rule
48. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system
locus coeruleus
sleep
Bruce effect
slow-wave sleep
49. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
prefrontal cortex
K Complexes
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
50. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
melatonin
homeostasis
species- specific reactions
amygdala