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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Moving forward






2. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain






3. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.






4. The visual image of the world on the retina






5. Is generated by photoreceptors that are only sensitive to degrees of brightness; black-and-white vision found in the rods






6. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






7. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine






8. ...






9. Attaches to a binding site on receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor without affecting the binding site for the principal ligand (noncompetitive binding)






10. 'covering'






11. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb






12. Most pervasive excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain






13. The viscous substance between cornea and lens






14. The slowing and eventual cessation of estrous cycles in groups of female animals that are housed together; caused by a pheromone in the animals urine and first observed in mice






15. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.






16. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy






17. The midbrain; a region that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes tectum and the tegmentum






18. Consummatory stimulus






19. Synchronized EEG activity during its deeper stages






20. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists






21. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone






22. Is used as an anaesthetic for children and animals but causes psychosis in adults






23. Research indicates that the expressing of negative emotions is associated with increased immune function; inhibiting negative emotions with decreasing immune function






24. Serotonin = 5-HT -regulation of mood - anxiety - aggression - sleep - appetite - sexuality -rostral and caudal raphe nuclei






25. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates






26. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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27. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






28. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand






29. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2






30. Physiologically different from the other four stages of sleep (i.e. the similarity between the summed electrical activity of neurons measured on the scalp (EEG) during REM sleep and during wakefulness






31. Facial Nerve - moves face and salivates






32. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior






33. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery






34. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






35. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the substantia nigra and ending in the neostriatum






36. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser






37. Reduces anxiety - released with NE in amygdala - hippocampus - basal ganglia - periaqueductal gray region - locus coeruleus and PFS; NPY is diminished in persons with PTSD/CPTSD and those exposed to chronic stress






38. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system






39. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






40. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction






41. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)






42. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep






43. A behavior that has different forms or occurs with different probabilities or under different circumstances in males than females






44. Smooth electrical activity of 8-12 Hz -medium frequency - awake but in a restful state (^ eyes closed but conscious)






45. The increase in REM sleep seen after a period of REM sleep deprivation






46. Occurs when an external stimulation - regardless of intensity - will not trigger a new action potential






47. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)






48. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted






49. Vision: protrusions on top of the midbrain; part of visual system






50. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)







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