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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






2. Is a peptide neurotransmitter and a natural painkiller and antianxiety






3. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles






4. An axon of a neuron in one region of the brain whose terminals form synapses with neurons in another region






5. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)






6. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






7. Begins where spinal cord ends - 3 structures: the medulla - the pons - the cerebellum






8. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration






9. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






10. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms






11. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain






12. Important to motor system






13. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates






14. Holds the lens in place






15. Focuses light waves on the retina and is held in place by the suspensory ligament; aqueous humor on cornea side; vitreous humor on retina side






16. Self-dissolving






17. Forebrain -band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres






18. 'little net'






19. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser






20. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body






21. Colored part of the eye






22. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






23. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






24. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity






25. Transparent substance between lens and retina






26. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






27. Sleepwalking - sleep talking






28. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis -controls stress response






29. Dorsal part of midbrain; includes the superior and inferior colliculi






30. Associated with (spoken) language reception/comprehension - memory processing - and emotional control; contains Wernicke'S area and the auditory cortex






31. Norepinephrine and serotonin






32. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)






33. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)

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34. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions






35. A large network of neural tissue located in the central region of the brain stem - from the medulla to the diencephalon






36. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand






37. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






38. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in the nucleus accumbens - amygdala and hippocampus






39. Is an oversensitivity to dopamine (D2)






40. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential






41. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level






42. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






43. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






44. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina






45. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina






46. Links the nervous system and endocrine system; comprised of involuntary efferent neurons and divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic branches: Sympathetic Nervous System is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and the Parasympathetic N






47. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






48. Short bursts of waves 12-14 Hz that occur 2-5 times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep; most characteristic of sleep Stage II; some believe sleep spindles are involved in keeping one asleep (decline in older people)






49. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior






50. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response