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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A drug that facilitates the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






2. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






3. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei






4. Consummatory stimulus






5. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)






6. Absolute; relative






7. 'covering'






8. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death

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9. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex






10. Caudate nucleus and putamen






11. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser






12. Two different presynaptic neurons/inputs to a post-synaptic cell






13. Holds the lens in place






14. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity






15. Is increased in its production by training/experience and therefore - associated with memory






16. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity






17. Sleepwalking - sleep talking






18. Controls sexual activity






19. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)






20. Occurs when a neuron is hyperpolarized and characterized by sufficient strength of stimulation triggering a new action potential






21. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells






22. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine






23. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion






24. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity






25. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin






26. Expression of traits






27. An ovary or teste






28. Neurotransmitter in CNS - hormone in peripheral vascular system; deficiencies > depression - ADD; noradrenergic nuclei = locus coeruleus






29. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles






30. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.






31. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






32. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






33. learning and memory -neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle axons to excite the muscle to contract






34. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






35. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation






36. Begins where spinal cord ends - 3 structures: the medulla - the pons - the cerebellum






37. Means 'Savory' in Japanese and is a taste receptor found on the tongue; activated by glutamate present in meats - cheese and other protein heavy foods






38. An anterograde amnesia in which one cannot form episodic memories BUT in experiments - patients that cannot identify previously heard melodies do show a preference for them -> explicit memory function has a different neurological basis than implicit

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39. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior






40. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain






41. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






42. If head is rotated - eye movements occur in the same direction






43. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior






44. If a synapse is active at about the same time that a postsynaptic neuron is active - that synapse will be strengthened






45. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning






46. Synchronized EEG activity during its deeper stages






47. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






48. Accessory Nerve - moves the head






49. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine






50. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)