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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






2. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing






3. Involved in the effects of odors/pheromones in reproductive behavior - a nucleus that receives olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb






4. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine






5. Is found between the arachnoid mater and Pia mater; this is where CSF cushions (and bathes) the brain - giving it the floating quality (and keeping it moist/circulating)






6. Holds the lens in place






7. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms






8. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






9. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises






10. Has two lobes that are connected by the massa intermedia (looks like a pair of balls - without the nutsack)






11. Accessory Nerve - moves the head






12. Lesions to this brain structure that is crucial to memory will produce anterograde amnesia






13. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive






14. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to






15. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation






16. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine






17. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






18. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






19. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion






20. Functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the brain






21. Binding of a drug to a receptor site that does not interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand






22. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra






23. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)






24. Precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters (DA + NE)






25. 'little net'






26. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner






27. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






28. Part of limbic system; protrusion of the bottom of the brain at the posterior end of the hypothalamus - contains some hypothalamic nuclei






29. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion






30. Includes the tectum and tegmentum






31. Can occur after long term antipsychotic tx (opposite of Parkinson'S?); oversensitivity to dopamine






32. Audition: protrusions on top of midbrain; part of auditory system






33. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)






34. Controls sexual activity; lesions inhibit sexual behavior; stimulation increases aggressive sexual behavior






35. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye






36. These cells perform a variety of functions but do not transmit information; one type forms the myelin sheath






37. Measure changes in the electrical resistance of the skin (sweat gland activity)






38. Is found at the base of the brain - underneath the thalamus (**remember hypo-below)






39. A region of the visual association cortex located in the extrastriate cortex at the base of the brain that has special face-recognizing circuits (more important in right hemisphere)






40. These two developed the criteria for habituation; basic process is a form of synaptic depression that occurs presyntaptically.






41. Instead of one continuum for sex (masculine-feminine) - her work in the presence of both masculine and feminine features/development suggests these are actually two separate continuums (defeminized-feminized and unmasculinized-masculinized)

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42. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)






43. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation






44. 3 layers of tissues that cover and protect CNS; dura mater (outermost layer) - arachnoid mater (middle layer) - Pia mater (innermost layer)






45. A chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior or physiology of another animal; usually smelled or tasted






46. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)






47. The scientific study of animal behavior; documentation of species-specific instinctual behaviors






48. Automatic and rapidly acquired reactions - not attributable to reinforcement or conditioning






49. ...






50. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity