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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
synthesis-activation hypothesis
Farber et al. (1995)
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
Hebb rule
2. The midbrain; a region that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes tectum and the tegmentum
L-Dopa
dirty medications; clean medications
mesencephalon
polysomnograms
3. Hormone secreted during the night by the pineal body; role in circadian and seasonal rhythms
Thompson & Spencer
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
melatonin
endorphin
4. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid
lesions in the reticular activating system
parathyroid
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
iris
5. Is a loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia; these cells are usually dark (nigra) but in Parkinson'S - the substantia nigra appears white due to cell death
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6. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
trichromatic levels of color vision
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Hobson & McCarley
7. Ventral part of midbrain - includes periaqueductal gray matter - reticular formation - red nucleus - and substantia nigra
osmoreceptors
tegmentum
hindbrain
amygdala
8. Is regulated by the hypothalamus
vitreous humor
homeostasis
projection areas
sleep spindles
9. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)
aqueous humor; vitreous humor
medulla & pons
L-Dopa
Cranial Nerves
10. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
extirpation
sleep paralysis
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
efferent neurons
11. Forebrain -band of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
cerebellum
pituitary gland
corpus callosum
collateral sprouting
12. Acquired language disorders - usually caused by damage in the left hemisphere; includes Broca'S: (left frontal lobe damage) and Wernickes'S (left temporal/parietal damage)
accommodation (bodily)
thyroid
aphasia
receptor blockers
13. hormone - secreted by the pituitary gland -signals the adrenal gland to secrete corticosteroid hormones -ACTH is a critical component of the HPA Axis that controls the stress response
prefrontal hypoactivity
suprachiasmatic nucleus
sensorimotor cortex
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
14. Optic Nerve - sight
substantia nigra
substantia nigra
cutaneous senses
Cranial Nerve II
15. Projects to ventral tegmental area
mesencephalon
adrenal cortex
prefrontal cortex
sleep spindles
16. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone
pineal gland
cutaneous senses
subarachnoid space
adrenal cortex
17. Cumulative effects of repeated stimulation from a presynaptic neuron
temporal summation
graded potentials
cataplexy
norepinephrine
18. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina
ionotropic receptors
proximal image
diencephalon
accommodation (bodily)
19. An axon of a neuron in one region of the brain whose terminals form synapses with neurons in another region
Mesolimbic System
projection fiber
cataplexy
K Complexes
20. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)
REM rebound
indirect antagonists
accommodation (bodily)
dirty medications; clean medications
21. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)
monoamines
nigrostriatal system
lens
effects of repeated administration
22. Caudate nucleus and putamen
tectum
neostriatum
cerebrospinal fluid
retinal ganglion cells
23. Occurs when their is damage to the septal area and results in unchecked aggressive and vicious behavior
spatial summation
REM sleep
hypnagogic activity
septal rage
24. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin
law of specific nerve energies
the 7 major neurotransmitters
sign stimulus
endogenous
25. Cornea - aqueous humor - pupil - lens - vitreous humor - retina
path of lightwaves entering eye
relative refractory period
Frontal lobe
Mesolimbic System
26. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
cutaneous senses
hair cells
reticular formation
27. Junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures of the skull; often used as a reference point for stereotaxic brain surgery
affinity
thyroid
tyrosine
bregma
28. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential
homeostatic regulation
delta activity
myelin sheath
Cranial Nerve II
29. Begins where spinal cord ends - 3 structures: the medulla - the pons - the cerebellum
the 3 major pathways of dopamine in the brain
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
Cranial Nerve IV
hindbrain
30. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
biological foundations
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
lesions in the reticular activating system
efferent neurons
31. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner
ethology
septum
indirect antagonists
tolerance
32. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
reaction time
aphasia
sensitivity
33. 'little net'
ipsilateral
consummatory stimulus
collateral sprouting
reticulum
34. The synchronization of the menstrual or estrous cycles of a group of females - which occurs only in the presence of a pheromone in a male'S urine
spinal cord
amygdala
endorphin
Whitten effect
35. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
cingulate gyrus
temporal summation
sexual dimorphic behavior
lipid soluble drugs/medications
36. Produce drowsiness and sleepiness
anterior hypothalamus
Mesocortical system
lesions in the reticular activating system
locus coeruleus
37. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.
septal rage
endocrine system
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
cerebellum
38. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)
sleep spindles
Hobson & McCarley
hypothalamus + thalamus
nigrostriatal system
39. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones
pupil
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Vomeronasal Organ
All-or-None Law
40. Termination of pregnancy by the odor of a pheromone in the urine of a male other than the one that impregnated the female; first observed in mice
a decrease in neuropeptide Y
Bruce effect
ovaries/testes
subarachnoid space
41. Self-dissolving
contralateral
autolytic
basic rest-activity cycle
gonad
42. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
lens
noncompetitive binding
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
monoamines
43. Hormones that reduce pain
subarachnoid space
endorphin & enkephalin
beta activity
stages of sleep
44. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain
projection areas
basal forebrain
mammillary bodies
dopaminergic systems
45. Motor neurons found in the Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary) Nervous Systems
monoamines
efferent neurons
reciprocal innervation
zygosity
46. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal
prefrontal cortex
amygdala
non-competitive bonding
cerebrospinal fluid
47. Increasing effects/effectiveness of a medication due to repeated administration
sensitivity
scotopic vision
stages of sleep
projection areas
48. Trigerminal Nerve - face sensation
Korsakoff'S amnesia
Mesocortical system
All-or-None Law
Cranial Nerve V
49. Combines input from diverse brain regions; receives sensory information/sends motor impulses
association areas; projection areas
path of cerebrospinal fluid
non-competitive binding
noncompetitive binding
50. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive
receptor blockers
midbrain
beta activity
amacrine cells