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Test your basic knowledge |
Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Strip of limbic cortex lying along the lateral walls of the groove separating the cerebral hemispheres - just above the corpus callosum
parietal lobes
graded potentials
cingulate gyrus
reticulum
2. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises
path of cerebrospinal fluid
basal forebrain
substantia nigra
K Complexes
3. Eating - sex - aggression - sleep - focus on subcortical and neuroendocrine control of behavior
osmoreceptors
hypnagogic activity
behavioral regulation
endorphin
4. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin
dopaminergic systems
the 7 major neurotransmitters
cerebellum
noncompetitive binding
5. A peptide - also known as OREXIN - produced by neurons whose cell bodies are located in the hypothalamus; their destruction causes narcolepsy
sleep attack
suspensory ligament
hypocretin
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
6. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier
lipid soluble drugs/medications
ventricles
mesencephalon
meninges
7. States that performance is worst at extremely low or extremely high levels of arousal and optimally at an intermediate level
Cranial Nerve XI
cingulate gyrus
the 7 major neurotransmitters
Yerkes-Dodson Law
8. EEG desynchrony (rapid -irregular waves) - lack of muscle tonus - rapid eye movements - penile erection/vaginal secretion - dreams; EEG synchrony (slow waves) - moderate muscle tonus - slow/absent eye movements - lack of genital activity
subdural space
Cranial Nerves
REM sleep; Slow Wave Sleep
temporal lobes
9. Related to plasticity - the term Lashley used to describe different parts of the cortex being interchangeable in their roles in learning
Farber et al. (1995)
equipotentiality
amygdala
red nucleus + substantia nigra
10. When a neuron reaches its excitation threshold - the neuron will produce an action potential of FIXED amplitude regardless of the magnitude of the stimulation
H.M
All-or-None Law
the 7 major neurotransmitters
sensitivity
11. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)
diploid
occipital lobes
cerebral cortex
nigrostriatal system
12. Referred to as the satiety center; lesions lead to obesity and hyperphagia
Lee-Boot effect
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
Mesocortical system
anterior hypothalamus
13. Comprised of the hypothalamus - pituitary gland - thyroid gland - parathyroid - the adrenal cortex - the adrenal medulla - the pancreas - the ovaries/testes - pineal gland.
species- specific reactions
substantia nigra
endocrine system
absolute refractory periods
14. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra
bregma
midbrain
path of lightwaves entering eye
Cranial Nerve X
15. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle
collateral sprouting
Frontal lobe
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
stages of sleep
16. Hormones that reduce pain
Cranial Nerve X
hippocampus
endorphin & enkephalin
subarachnoid space
17. Lens changes initiated by the ciliary muscles to change the shape of the lens in order to focus image on the retina
absolute refractory periods
stages of sleep
accommodation (bodily)
amygdala
18. Decreases with age up until age 30 - then begins to increase *(counter intuitive)*
reaction time
brainstem
substantia nigra
trichromatic levels of color vision
19. Part of a glial cell that wraps around the axon of a neuron - providing insulation that facilitates speed of propagation of action potential
indirect antagonists
triggers of behavior
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
myelin sheath
20. Has a major role in metabolism - stimulation/maintenance - produces the hormones thyroxin and calcitonin
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
pupil
thyroid
Cranial Nerves
21. Sleep tests (i.e. to diagnosis sleep apnea)
polysomnograms
temporal summation
amygdala
the 7 major neurotransmitters
22. All have similar molecular structure - so many 'dirty' medications
diencephalon
gonad
indirect antagonists
monoamines
23. Abducens Nerve - moves eye
Cranial Nerve VI
Cranial Nerve IX
slow-wave sleep
the 4 effects of pheromones on reproductive cycles
24. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red
biological foundations
Cranial Nerve XI
tritanopia
sign stimulus
25. Result in either tolerance (and possible withdrawal symptoms) or sensitization (increase effectiveness of the drug)
subarachnoid space
effects of repeated administration
Yerkes-Dodson Law
accommodation (bodily)
26. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)
zygosity
cerebral cortex
scotopic vision
delta activity
27. Adenine - Guanine - Thymine - Cytosine
nucleotides
monoamines
supernormal stimulus
monoamine neurotransmitters
28. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2
basal ganglia
dopamine (neurotransmitter)
REM rebound
gonad
29. Irregular electrical activity of 13-30 Hz - state of arousal - attentive
monoamines
subarachnoid space
sexual dimorphic behavior
beta activity
30. Found that developmental changes occurring in puberty make the brain more susceptible to the psychotic effects of NDMA antagonist and therefore also related to the emergence of symptoms of schizophrenia
sexual dimorphic behavior
Farber et al. (1995)
REM sleep
subarachnoid space
31. Produces acetylcholine. One of the earliest sites of cell death in Alzheimer'S Disease (neurological disorder associated with a deficiency in acetylcholine) is in the basal forebrain
basal forebrain
Mesocortical system
prefrontal cortex
Cranial Nerve VI
32. Is found in the frontal lobe (which is divided into the prefrontal lobes and ___ ___)
suprachiasmatic nucleus
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
motor cortex
supernormal stimulus
33. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses
Cranial Nerve I
Cranial Nerve VIII
hair cells
tectum
34. There are 12 add more
Cranial Nerves
dopaminergic systems
ovaries/testes
agonist
35. Controls sexual activity
osmoreceptors
anterior hypothalamus
umami
glutamate (neurotransmitter)
36. Includes comparative (evolution/genetics/animal behavior/ethology) and behavioral regulation
norepinephrine
biological foundations
vitreous humor
Mesolimbic System
37. Occurs at the onset of puberty; a hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
homeostasis
hypothalamus
Hobson & McCarley
38. Accessory Nerve - moves the head
an increase in alpha-1 receptors
Lee-Boot effect
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Cranial Nerve XI
39. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex
occipital lobes
Cranial Nerve I
Cranial Nerve III
serotonin (5-HT) (neurotransmitter)
40. An ovary or teste
the ___ refractory period follows the ____ refractory period
sensorimotor cortex
gonad
homeostatic regulation
41. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner
vitreous humor
association area
septum
diploid
42. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia
subarachnoid space
prefrontal hypoactivity
autonomic nervous system
Cranial Nerve IV
43. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser
triggers of behavior
phenotype
subcortical structures
projection area
44. Also known as ABLATION - is any surgically induced brain lesion
projection area
efferent neurons
cerebellum
extirpation
45. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)
amygdala
H.M
antimanics
path of cerebrospinal fluid
46. Include indolamines (serotonin) and catecholamines (dopamine - norepinephrine and epinephrine)
projection area
monoamines
indications of psychological-physiological interaction in pain
Mesocortical system
47. Symptom of narcolepsy - irresistible urge to
sleep attack
tritanopia
monoamine neurotransmitters
brainstem
48. Has a calcium-related role and produces the hormone parathyroid
aqueous humor
sleep spindles
parathyroid
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
49. The restorative effect of introducing a new female sex partner to a male that has apparently become 'exhausted' by sexual activity
Cranial Nerves
medulla & pons
Coolidge effect
Mesocortical system
50. Colored part of the eye
lipid soluble drugs/medications
receptor blockers
iris
spinal cord