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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A 90-minute activity cycle occurs throughout the day as well as throughout sleep (in humans) waxing and waning alertness controlled by a biological clock in the caudal brainstem that also controls cycles of REM and slow-wave sleep






2. Cells that integrate information across the retina; rather than sending signals toward the brain - amacrine cells link bipolar cells to other bipolar cells and ganglion cells to other ganglion cells






3. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






4. Receptors whose activation directly affects potassium or chloride ion channels in the neuron - (many drugs of abuse substitute for natural GABA- alcohol - benzos - barbituates






5. Vagus Nerve - heart rate and digestion






6. Follow Hering'S Opponent Process of color vision - and only have two types: red-green and yellow-blue; other levels of color vision are tri-chromatic






7. An inherited form of defective color vision in which hues with short wavelengths are confused (blue cone dysfunction); see world in green and red






8. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






9. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






10. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress






11. The earlier onset of puberty seen in female animals that are housed with males caused by a pheromone in the male'S urine and first observed in mice






12. Acetylcholine - glutamate - gamma-aminobutyric acid - dopamine - serotonin - norepinephrine - endorphin






13. Absolute; relative






14. Emotional perception and expression (particularly fearful emotions and detection of threat)






15. Occurs when an external stimulation - regardless of intensity - will not trigger a new action potential






16. These two brain structures contain entry/exits for most of the cranial nerves and control vital functions (heart rate -digestion - respiration)






17. Optic Nerve - sight






18. Oculomotor Nerve - moves eye pupil






19. The visual image of the world on the retina






20. Is found between the dura mater and arachnoid mater meninges






21. Convoluted of hills (gyri) and valleys (sulci) divided into two hemispheres (left and right) which are further divided into four lobes (occipital - parietal - temporal and frontal)






22. A drug that opposes/inhibits the effects of a particular neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic cell






23. Controls circadian rhythms - produces melatonin (daylight signals go to the eyes to the hypothalamus to the pineal gland)






24. Associated with defensive and aggressive behavior; lesions produce docility and hypersexual states (Kluver & Bucy)






25. Expression of traits






26. The female reproductive cycle of most primates - including humans; recognized by growth of the lining of the uterus - ovulation - development of a corpus luteum - and (if pregnancy does not occur) menstration






27. Consummatory stimuli - sign stimuli - supernormal stimuli - releaser






28. Bunch of dopaminergic neurons starting in the ventral tegmental area and ending in prefrontal cortex






29. Supernormal






30. Is regulated by the hypothalamus






31. In the tegmentum (ventral part of midbrain); its neurons connect to caudate nucleus + putamen (in basal ganglia)






32. Causes mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity; etiology of schizophrenia






33. Attaches to the binding site on a receptor and interferes with the receptor'S action - but NOT by interfering with the principal ligand'S binding site (noncompetitive binding)






34. Is everything anterior to the central sulcus






35. Is characteristic of indirect antagonists






36. Are found in the diencephalon






37. The female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates






38. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses






39. Includes the tectum and tegmentum






40. Moving forward






41. A steroid hormone produced by the ovary that maintains the endometrial lining of the uterus during the later part of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy; along with estradiol it promotes receptivity in female mammals with estrous cycles






42. Holds the lens in place






43. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex






44. Trochlear Nerve - moves eye






45. A BEHAVIOR; insistent urge of sleepiness forces us to seek sleep/a bad






46. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






47. Occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep; regular - synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz






48. Those biological considerations which are DISTANT; Evolutionary Psychology - Comparative Psychology - Ethology






49. Decreasing effects of a medication due to repeated administration






50. Pass the easiest through the blood-brain barrier