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Gre Psychology: Experimental/natural Science Biology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Caudate nucleus and putamen






2. SCN = controls circadian rhythms - located directly above the optic chasm in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus - receives input from the eyes which is why light exposure affects our sleep-wake cycles






3. 1. ventral tegmentum to mesolimbic forebrain (cognition - reward systems - emotional behavior) 2. substantia nigra to caudate nucleus putamen (movement and sensory stimulation) 3. hypothalamus to pituitary gland (neuronal/hormonal control)






4. In the limbic system - is a fiber bundle - connects hippocampus with stuff (including the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus)






5. Is characteristic of indirect antagonist drugs






6. Stimulates bone growth and produces the hormones: somatotropin - prolactin - thyroid-stimulating - adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - follicle-stimulating - luteinnizing






7. Is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates; these receptors are ionotropic






8. Include tolerance (possible withdrawal) and sensitivity






9. In the CNS - is an amino acid that stabilizes neural activity






10. Contains receptors to detect when the body needs food or fluids; the hunger center; lesions lead to aphagia






11. Consummatory stimulus






12. Completely disactivates the prefrontal cortex (PFC); due to high levels of norepinephrine (NE)






13. Functions in metabolism (carbohydrate - protein - lipid) and in the endocrine system'S salt/water balance - produces the hormones cortisol and aldosterone






14. Occurs for body temperature - blood glucose levels - blood concentration - etc -hormones are important






15. Similarity of alleles for a trait in an organism (i.e. heterozygous or homozygous)






16. Increases heartrate - dilates/constricts blood vessels - increases blood sugar - produces hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine






17. Extensive research in dreams - said BAH to Freud; proposed the activation-synthesis hypothesis (dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses)






18. Occurs under drug-induced conditions - including excessive use of marijuana; high body temperature - autonomic instability and muscle rigidity






19. Suggests that dreams are nothing more than the product of random electrical impulses (Hobson & McCarley)






20. An ovary or teste






21. Activates one of 5 types of receptors in the CNS - cognition - motor activity - reward - muscle tone - sleep - mood - attention - learning -higher level effects of dopamine = D2






22. Contains delta activity - stages III and IV






23. Glossopharyngeal Nerve - taste swallow






24. A single - unfertilized cell created during conception; the combined egg + sperm






25. Precursor to GABA (the most inhibitory/regulatory/pervasive neurotransmitter)






26. Sits just above the hindbrain - contains cranial nerves - parts of the reticular formation -important relay stations for sensory information and the substantia nigra






27. Thymoleptics = relieves mania of bipolar disorder (lithium carbonate - valproic acid - carbamazepine)






28. Found in the ventricles and spinal canal






29. 'covering'






30. Located in the forebrain - basal ganglia -> movement -speech and other complex behaviors






31. A sensory organ that detects the presence of certain chemicals - especially when a liquid is actively sniffed; mediates the effects of some pheromones






32. Include the Nigrostriatal system - Mesolimbic system and Mesocortical system






33. A patient who had intact intelligence but an inability to learn/remember anything new (severe anterograde amnesia)






34. One of the primary noradrenergic nuclei whose ascending axons project to frontal cortex - thalamus - hypothalamus - limbic system






35. Refers to both the somatosensory cortex and motor cortex (they are a little different but very interrelated)






36. ...






37. 'Roof'






38. Is found in PTSD/CPTSD patients and persons exposed to chronic stress






39. An area that combines input from diverse brain regions






40. Symptom of narcolepsy; complete paralysis that occurs while AWAKE/conscious; will suddenly fall to floor paralyzed for a few minutes






41. Pleasure center of the brain; discovered by Olds & Milner






42. Auditory receptor cells in the cochlea that turn sound vibrations -> neural impulses






43. Affect sex characteristics/development and produce estrogen/progesterone (in females - ovaries) and testosterone (in male - testes)






44. AKA the striate cortex - located at the back of the brain - and contains the visual cortex






45. Sudden - sharp waveforms found only in Stage II of sleep; spontaneously occur about one per minute but also to unexpected noises






46. Glandular system control center - produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic; functions in both the nervous system and endocrine sytem - In the forebrain - regulates motivated behaviors (eating - drinking - aggression - sexual behavior






47. Are postsynaptic potentials that are found in the dendrites and vary in their intensity






48. Most brain communications are with the opposite side of the body






49. 1. Stage I (non-REM sleep) 2. Stage II (non-REM sleep 3. Stage III (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 4. Stage IV (non-REM sleep - slow-wave sleep) 5. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM sleep) ~takes about 90 minutes for one full sleep cycle






50. Some brain communications are with the same side of the body







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