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GRE Psychology: History

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics






2. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence






3. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children






4. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment






5. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association






6. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression






7. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener






8. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research






9. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory






10. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars






11. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice






12. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes






13. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning






14. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force






15. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations






16. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul






17. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences






18. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning






19. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong






20. Digestion - classical conditioning






21. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour






22. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts






23. Created phrenology






24. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:






25. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem






26. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)






27. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)






28. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic






29. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle






30. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved






31. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt






32. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization






33. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot






34. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body






35. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference






36. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory






37. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field






38. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)






39. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour






40. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)






41. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience






42. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning






43. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James






44. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)






45. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement






46. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory






47. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt






48. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy






49. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically






50. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio