SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Franz Joseph Gall
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Purposive behaviour
J. Spurzheim
2. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Anton Mesmer
Sigmund Freud
Sign learning
Clinical psychology
3. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Sir Francis Galton
Edward Tolman
Lamarckian evolution
Sigmund Freud
4. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Clinical psychology
phrenology
Thomas Hobbes
Edward Tolman
5. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Herbert Spencer
Ancient Greeks
Purposive behaviour
B.F. Skinner
6. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Erik Erikson
B.F. Skinner
Stanley Hall
John Dewey
7. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Carl Gustav Jung
Hermann von Helmholtz
6 periods
Sign learning
8. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Carl Rogers
Plato
Clinical psychology
Purposive behaviour
9. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Plato
Herbert Spencer
Thomas Hobbes
Konrad Lorenz
10. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Immanuel Kant
Stanley Hall
Aristotle
6 periods
11. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
Socrates
Wilhelm Wundt
Franz Joseph Gall
Clark Hull
12. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Nature vs. nurture
Alfred Adler
Carl Gustav Jung
Charles Darwin
13. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Eugenics
Logotherapy
Alfred Adler
James Cattell
14. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Victor Frankl
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
15. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Victor Frankl
dualism/ mind-body problem
Rene Descartes
James Cattell
16. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
James Cattell
Wilhelm Wundt
Clinical psychology
Stanley Hall
17. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Purposive behaviour
6 periods
Johannes Muller
Carl Rogers
18. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Sigmund Freud
Edward Titchener
John Locke
Middle Ages
19. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
John Dewey
Names from 1800-1900
Abraham Maslow
Dorothea Lynde Dix
20. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Konrad Lorenz
Sigmund Freud
John Locke
Aristotle
21. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Clinical psychology
Aristotle
Enlightenment
Stanley Hall
22. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
William James
Aaron Beck
Wilhelm Wundt
Abraham Maslow
23. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Victor Frankl
Konrad Lorenz
Aaron Beck
Nature vs. nurture
24. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Thomas Hobbes
Erik Erikson
Socrates
phrenology
25. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Edward Titchener
B.F. Skinner
Aaron Beck
Edward Thorndike
26. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
dualism/ mind-body problem
Ancient Greeks
Enlightenment
Herbert Spencer
27. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Sign learning
Purposive behaviour
Sir Francis Galton
Gustav Fechner
28. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Gustav Fechner
Thomas Hobbes
Socrates
29. Digestion - classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Lamarckian evolution
Eugenics
Ancient Greeks
30. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Wilhelm Wundt
Anton Mesmer
William James
John B. Watson
31. Minds were active - not passive
Scientific Revolution
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Titchener
Immanuel Kant
32. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Franz Joseph Gall
Konrad Lorenz
Names from 1800-1900
Sign learning
33. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
phrenology
Rene Descartes
Nature vs. nurture
Jean Piaget
34. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Eugenics
John Dewey
Enlightenment
Clark Hull
35. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Erik Erikson
Stanley Hall
Abraham Maslow
Middle Ages
36. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Konrad Lorenz
John Locke
Johannes Muller
Wilhelm Wundt
37. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
James Cattell
Carl Gustav Jung
Ancient Greeks
Anton Mesmer
38. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Kenneth Spence
Aristotle
Eugenics
Lamarckian evolution
39. Created phrenology
Aristotle
Ancient Greeks
Franz Joseph Gall
Rene Descartes
40. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
Charles Darwin
Aristotle
Franz Joseph Gall
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
41. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
Scientific Revolution
Lamarckian evolution
Clinical psychology
William James
42. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
phrenology
Eugenics
Victor Frankl
Alfred Adler
43. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Aristotle
J. Spurzheim
Sign learning
Clark Hull
44. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Victor Frankl
J. Spurzheim
Franz Joseph Gall
Edward Titchener
45. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Kenneth Spence
Plato
phrenology
Sir Francis Galton
46. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
Erik Erikson
Edward Thorndike
Johannes Muller
Dorothea Lynde Dix
47. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Franz Joseph Gall
Plato
Edward Thorndike
Stanley Hall
48. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Logotherapy
Purposive behaviour
Stanley Hall
Edward Titchener
49. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Anton Mesmer
Hermann von Helmholtz
Konrad Lorenz
Aristotle
50. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
Carl Gustav Jung
John B. Watson
Kenneth Spence
Sign learning