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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Clinical psychology
Erik Erikson
Rene Descartes
Eugenics
2. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Logotherapy
John B. Watson
Stanley Hall
Plato
3. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Wilhelm Wundt
Hermann von Helmholtz
Edward Thorndike
John Locke
4. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
6 periods
Charles Darwin
Hermann von Helmholtz
Abraham Maslow
5. Created phrenology
Edward Tolman
Franz Joseph Gall
James Cattell
Edward Thorndike
6. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Aaron Beck
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Erik Erikson
Herbert Spencer
7. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
James Cattell
Jean Piaget
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
8. Digestion - classical conditioning
Names from 1800-1900
William James
Ivan Pavlov
Socrates
9. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Herbert Spencer
Victor Frankl
Alfred Adler
Clark Hull
10. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
phrenology
John B. Watson
Thomas Hobbes
Stanley Hall
11. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Sigmund Freud
John Locke
dualism/ mind-body problem
Nature vs. nurture
12. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Carl Rogers
Clark Hull
Rene Descartes
Sign learning
13. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Sigmund Freud
Edward Tolman
Clark Hull
Konrad Lorenz
14. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Sigmund Freud
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Johannes Muller
Wilhelm Wundt
15. Minds were active - not passive
Herbert Spencer
Immanuel Kant
Clark Hull
Clinical psychology
16. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Konrad Lorenz
Edward Thorndike
Kenneth Spence
Gustav Fechner
17. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
B.F. Skinner
dualism/ mind-body problem
William James
John Dewey
18. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
Charles Darwin
Carl Gustav Jung
Middle Ages
Konrad Lorenz
19. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Immanuel Kant
Socrates
Alfred Adler
Nature vs. nurture
20. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
6 periods
Socrates
Jean Piaget
phrenology
21. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Scientific Revolution
Nature vs. nurture
Aaron Beck
John Dewey
22. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Alfred Adler
Socrates
J. Spurzheim
Plato
23. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Clinical psychology
Victor Frankl
Immanuel Kant
B.F. Skinner
24. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Aristotle
John Dewey
Sign learning
phrenology
25. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Enlightenment
Sir Francis Galton
Plato
Gustav Fechner
26. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)
James Cattell
6 periods
Thomas Hobbes
dualism/ mind-body problem
27. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
John Locke
John Dewey
Aaron Beck
Enlightenment
28. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Abraham Maslow
Names from 1800-1900
Johannes Muller
Konrad Lorenz
29. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
J. Spurzheim
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Sign learning
Clark Hull
30. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Rene Descartes
Ancient Greeks
William James
Edward Tolman
31. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Abraham Maslow
Anton Mesmer
John Dewey
dualism/ mind-body problem
32. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
phrenology
J. Spurzheim
Hermann von Helmholtz
Charles Darwin
33. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
Edward Tolman
Thomas Hobbes
34. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Socrates
Charles Darwin
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Gustav Fechner
35. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Eugenics
Jean Piaget
Scientific Revolution
Konrad Lorenz
36. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Enlightenment
Wilhelm Wundt
Socrates
Logotherapy
37. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
dualism/ mind-body problem
Edward Thorndike
Nature vs. nurture
Carl Gustav Jung
38. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Scientific Revolution
James Cattell
Dorothea Lynde Dix
39. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Edward Titchener
Scientific Revolution
Abraham Maslow
Dorothea Lynde Dix
40. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Middle Ages
Sign learning
Nature vs. nurture
Ivan Pavlov
41. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
John B. Watson
Aaron Beck
Socrates
Eugenics
42. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
William James
Clark Hull
Anton Mesmer
phrenology
43. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
Immanuel Kant
Lamarckian evolution
Middle Ages
Eugenics
44. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Middle Ages
Aristotle
Sign learning
Ancient Greeks
45. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Names from 1800-1900
6 periods
Middle Ages
Stanley Hall
46. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Stanley Hall
dualism/ mind-body problem
47. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Franz Joseph Gall
Hermann von Helmholtz
Carl Rogers
Gustav Fechner
48. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Carl Gustav Jung
Socrates
William James
Erik Erikson
49. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Clinical psychology
Ivan Pavlov
Purposive behaviour
Lamarckian evolution
50. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Lamarckian evolution
Edward Titchener
Ancient Greeks
Johannes Muller