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GRE Psychology: History

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Created phrenology






2. Minds were active - not passive






3. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics






4. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement






5. Digestion - classical conditioning






6. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference






7. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved






8. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world






9. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour






10. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory






11. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning






12. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory






13. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically






14. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences






15. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts






16. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener






17. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes






18. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic






19. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience






20. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem






21. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot






22. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)






23. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment






24. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research






25. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field






26. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children






27. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James






28. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)






29. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning






30. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression






31. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory






32. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul






33. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe






34. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)






35. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body






36. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio






37. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations






38. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice






39. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt






40. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species






41. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force






42. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt






43. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)






44. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy






45. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong






46. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)






47. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)






48. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten






49. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning






50. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars