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GRE Psychology: History

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)






2. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe






3. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field






4. Minds were active - not passive






5. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour






6. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts






7. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James






8. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics






9. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement






10. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory






11. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children






12. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression






13. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)






14. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener






15. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory






16. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten






17. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved






18. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience






19. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio






20. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body






21. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt






22. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically






23. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul






24. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species






25. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)






26. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars






27. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)






28. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem






29. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning






30. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)






31. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force






32. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice






33. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt






34. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment






35. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory






36. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour






37. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic






38. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy






39. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world






40. Created phrenology






41. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle






42. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)






43. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization






44. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations






45. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong






46. Digestion - classical conditioning






47. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning






48. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence






49. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot






50. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation: