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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Created phrenology
Eugenics
Franz Joseph Gall
B.F. Skinner
Ancient Greeks
2. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Abraham Maslow
J. Spurzheim
Stanley Hall
3. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Sir Francis Galton
Carl Gustav Jung
Herbert Spencer
Franz Joseph Gall
4. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Aaron Beck
6 periods
5. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
phrenology
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Clinical psychology
6. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Clinical psychology
Enlightenment
Names from 1800-1900
Stanley Hall
7. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Logotherapy
Edward Titchener
John Dewey
Thomas Hobbes
8. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Edward Titchener
Edward Thorndike
Ancient Greeks
Socrates
9. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Enlightenment
Nature vs. nurture
Socrates
Aaron Beck
10. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Charles Darwin
Scientific Revolution
Wilhelm Wundt
Kenneth Spence
11. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
William James
12. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Erik Erikson
dualism/ mind-body problem
Gustav Fechner
Clinical psychology
13. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Names from 1800-1900
Stanley Hall
Anton Mesmer
Konrad Lorenz
14. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Socrates
Thomas Hobbes
Carl Gustav Jung
William James
15. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Johannes Muller
Lamarckian evolution
Hermann von Helmholtz
John B. Watson
16. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Carl Rogers
Carl Gustav Jung
Sign learning
Edward Tolman
17. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Herbert Spencer
dualism/ mind-body problem
Middle Ages
Kenneth Spence
18. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
James Cattell
Clinical psychology
Charles Darwin
William James
19. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Anton Mesmer
Hermann von Helmholtz
Stanley Hall
Gustav Fechner
20. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Victor Frankl
Logotherapy
Sir Francis Galton
Edward Titchener
21. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
John Dewey
Hermann von Helmholtz
Konrad Lorenz
Edward Thorndike
22. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Carl Rogers
Johannes Muller
John Locke
Rene Descartes
23. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Socrates
Herbert Spencer
John Dewey
Aristotle
24. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Wilhelm Wundt
6 periods
Anton Mesmer
Aristotle
25. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Scientific Revolution
B.F. Skinner
Plato
Franz Joseph Gall
26. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Aristotle
Konrad Lorenz
6 periods
Carl Gustav Jung
27. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
Anton Mesmer
Socrates
John Dewey
Names from 1800-1900
28. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
Clark Hull
Dorothea Lynde Dix
B.F. Skinner
Sign learning
29. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
Scientific Revolution
Nature vs. nurture
William James
Erik Erikson
30. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Carl Rogers
Edward Titchener
Logotherapy
J. Spurzheim
31. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Sigmund Freud
Names from 1800-1900
phrenology
dualism/ mind-body problem
32. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Aaron Beck
Gustav Fechner
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
phrenology
33. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
phrenology
Anton Mesmer
Sign learning
Scientific Revolution
34. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Abraham Maslow
Aaron Beck
Rene Descartes
Eugenics
35. Digestion - classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
James Cattell
Nature vs. nurture
Konrad Lorenz
36. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Logotherapy
Names from 1800-1900
Alfred Adler
Edward Tolman
37. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Aristotle
Lamarckian evolution
Middle Ages
Franz Joseph Gall
38. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Sign learning
Clark Hull
B.F. Skinner
39. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Names from 1800-1900
Kenneth Spence
Middle Ages
Scientific Revolution
40. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Sign learning
Plato
Ancient Greeks
Lamarckian evolution
41. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Alfred Adler
Edward Tolman
Carl Gustav Jung
Victor Frankl
42. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Jean Piaget
Lamarckian evolution
Sign learning
Johannes Muller
43. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
phrenology
John B. Watson
Jean Piaget
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
44. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Franz Joseph Gall
Clinical psychology
Socrates
Clark Hull
45. Minds were active - not passive
Immanuel Kant
6 periods
Gustav Fechner
Aristotle
46. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
B.F. Skinner
Rene Descartes
Logotherapy
Names from 1800-1900
47. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
John Dewey
Eugenics
Konrad Lorenz
B.F. Skinner
48. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
John Locke
Plato
Edward Titchener
Ancient Greeks
49. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
Franz Joseph Gall
Plato
Charles Darwin
Lamarckian evolution
50. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Purposive behaviour
William James
James Cattell
Sir Francis Galton