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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
Edward Titchener
Sigmund Freud
William James
Hermann von Helmholtz
2. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
Alfred Adler
Carl Gustav Jung
3. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Herbert Spencer
B.F. Skinner
Carl Gustav Jung
Aristotle
4. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Ivan Pavlov
Names from 1800-1900
John B. Watson
5. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Enlightenment
Names from 1800-1900
Victor Frankl
Clinical psychology
6. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
J. Spurzheim
Johannes Muller
Franz Joseph Gall
Immanuel Kant
7. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Ancient Greeks
Purposive behaviour
Middle Ages
Plato
8. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Aristotle
Nature vs. nurture
6 periods
Socrates
9. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Purposive behaviour
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Scientific Revolution
Victor Frankl
10. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Edward Tolman
Sign learning
John Dewey
B.F. Skinner
11. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Aaron Beck
Alfred Adler
Logotherapy
Edward Thorndike
12. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Sign learning
Middle Ages
Gustav Fechner
John B. Watson
13. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
John B. Watson
Herbert Spencer
Alfred Adler
Edward Titchener
14. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Middle Ages
Victor Frankl
Edward Thorndike
Johannes Muller
15. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Hermann von Helmholtz
B.F. Skinner
Rene Descartes
Stanley Hall
16. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Enlightenment
Ivan Pavlov
Thomas Hobbes
Edward Tolman
17. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Carl Gustav Jung
J. Spurzheim
Konrad Lorenz
18. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Sign learning
Johannes Muller
Thomas Hobbes
Edward Thorndike
19. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
Kenneth Spence
Rene Descartes
20. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)
Socrates
6 periods
Logotherapy
Stanley Hall
21. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
Charles Darwin
Eugenics
John B. Watson
Gustav Fechner
22. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Kenneth Spence
Jean Piaget
Herbert Spencer
Edward Tolman
23. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Herbert Spencer
Enlightenment
Logotherapy
John Dewey
24. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
dualism/ mind-body problem
Immanuel Kant
Erik Erikson
Sign learning
25. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
J. Spurzheim
Kenneth Spence
Rene Descartes
Immanuel Kant
26. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
phrenology
Sign learning
Stanley Hall
Gustav Fechner
27. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Johannes Muller
Eugenics
Plato
Nature vs. nurture
28. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Carl Rogers
Logotherapy
dualism/ mind-body problem
Aaron Beck
29. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Clark Hull
Anton Mesmer
Sigmund Freud
dualism/ mind-body problem
30. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Ancient Greeks
Sign learning
John Locke
Wilhelm Wundt
31. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Ancient Greeks
Purposive behaviour
Victor Frankl
James Cattell
32. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Kenneth Spence
Edward Tolman
J. Spurzheim
Sir Francis Galton
33. Created phrenology
Franz Joseph Gall
Rene Descartes
Carl Rogers
dualism/ mind-body problem
34. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Edward Titchener
Stanley Hall
Immanuel Kant
James Cattell
35. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Lamarckian evolution
Aaron Beck
Jean Piaget
dualism/ mind-body problem
36. Digestion - classical conditioning
Wilhelm Wundt
Carl Gustav Jung
Ivan Pavlov
Gustav Fechner
37. Minds were active - not passive
Immanuel Kant
Anton Mesmer
Wilhelm Wundt
Stanley Hall
38. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Plato
Edward Titchener
Stanley Hall
John Locke
39. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Purposive behaviour
Wilhelm Wundt
Logotherapy
Gustav Fechner
40. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Scientific Revolution
B.F. Skinner
Purposive behaviour
Rene Descartes
41. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Erik Erikson
Edward Titchener
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Thomas Hobbes
42. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Clark Hull
Nature vs. nurture
Socrates
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
43. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
James Cattell
Sir Francis Galton
Ancient Greeks
John Locke
44. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Carl Rogers
Purposive behaviour
Names from 1800-1900
Logotherapy
45. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
Immanuel Kant
Charles Darwin
Carl Gustav Jung
Wilhelm Wundt
46. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Victor Frankl
Eugenics
Alfred Adler
47. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Edward Titchener
phrenology
Gustav Fechner
Anton Mesmer
48. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Carl Gustav Jung
Stanley Hall
Jean Piaget
Aaron Beck
49. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Logotherapy
Alfred Adler
John Locke
John Dewey
50. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
Eugenics
John B. Watson
Ancient Greeks
Logotherapy