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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Stanley Hall
Hermann von Helmholtz
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Johannes Muller
2. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Logotherapy
Stanley Hall
Names from 1800-1900
Wilhelm Wundt
3. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Aaron Beck
Anton Mesmer
Gustav Fechner
Stanley Hall
4. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Names from 1800-1900
Wilhelm Wundt
John Locke
Scientific Revolution
5. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Johannes Muller
Konrad Lorenz
Logotherapy
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
6. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
Franz Joseph Gall
Anton Mesmer
John B. Watson
Gustav Fechner
7. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Purposive behaviour
Middle Ages
Rene Descartes
Dorothea Lynde Dix
8. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Hermann von Helmholtz
Stanley Hall
Socrates
John B. Watson
9. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Middle Ages
Thomas Hobbes
John Dewey
Sign learning
10. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Eugenics
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Sign learning
Erik Erikson
11. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Franz Joseph Gall
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
12. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Konrad Lorenz
Clinical psychology
Victor Frankl
William James
13. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
dualism/ mind-body problem
Clinical psychology
Clark Hull
phrenology
14. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Purposive behaviour
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Abraham Maslow
Ivan Pavlov
15. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Rene Descartes
J. Spurzheim
Plato
phrenology
16. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Anton Mesmer
Middle Ages
Edward Titchener
Enlightenment
17. Created phrenology
B.F. Skinner
Carl Gustav Jung
Franz Joseph Gall
Enlightenment
18. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Sign learning
Herbert Spencer
Stanley Hall
John Locke
19. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
Lamarckian evolution
James Cattell
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Names from 1800-1900
20. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Anton Mesmer
Ivan Pavlov
Edward Thorndike
21. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Eugenics
Konrad Lorenz
Purposive behaviour
Sir Francis Galton
22. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Johannes Muller
dualism/ mind-body problem
Jean Piaget
Ivan Pavlov
23. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Lamarckian evolution
6 periods
Eugenics
Plato
24. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Middle Ages
John Dewey
Thomas Hobbes
Wilhelm Wundt
25. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
Dorothea Lynde Dix
William James
Enlightenment
John B. Watson
26. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Anton Mesmer
Wilhelm Wundt
Names from 1800-1900
Plato
27. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Plato
Ancient Greeks
Edward Thorndike
Names from 1800-1900
28. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Wilhelm Wundt
6 periods
Konrad Lorenz
Clark Hull
29. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Enlightenment
phrenology
Clark Hull
James Cattell
30. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Immanuel Kant
Alfred Adler
Eugenics
Purposive behaviour
31. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Logotherapy
Franz Joseph Gall
Gustav Fechner
Carl Rogers
32. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Alfred Adler
Victor Frankl
J. Spurzheim
Johannes Muller
33. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Edward Titchener
B.F. Skinner
John Locke
Lamarckian evolution
34. Minds were active - not passive
Plato
Franz Joseph Gall
Immanuel Kant
Konrad Lorenz
35. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Logotherapy
Abraham Maslow
Charles Darwin
Kenneth Spence
36. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
phrenology
Rene Descartes
Scientific Revolution
Hermann von Helmholtz
37. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Edward Titchener
J. Spurzheim
Ancient Greeks
Konrad Lorenz
38. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Eugenics
Socrates
Purposive behaviour
Lamarckian evolution
39. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Sigmund Freud
Edward Titchener
Ivan Pavlov
6 periods
40. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Gustav Fechner
Abraham Maslow
Edward Titchener
Wilhelm Wundt
41. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Eugenics
Edward Titchener
Hermann von Helmholtz
42. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
John Dewey
Victor Frankl
Jean Piaget
Ancient Greeks
43. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Charles Darwin
Socrates
Enlightenment
Erik Erikson
44. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
Eugenics
Erik Erikson
Carl Gustav Jung
James Cattell
45. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
phrenology
Rene Descartes
Edward Tolman
B.F. Skinner
46. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Abraham Maslow
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Edward Thorndike
John Dewey
47. Digestion - classical conditioning
J. Spurzheim
Clinical psychology
William James
Ivan Pavlov
48. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)
6 periods
B.F. Skinner
Names from 1800-1900
Plato
49. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
Clark Hull
6 periods
William James
Ivan Pavlov
50. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Wilhelm Wundt
Logotherapy
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Nature vs. nurture