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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Edward Thorndike
Rene Descartes
Aristotle
Scientific Revolution
2. Created phrenology
Stanley Hall
Franz Joseph Gall
Lamarckian evolution
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
3. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
John Dewey
Jean Piaget
Alfred Adler
Middle Ages
4. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Carl Gustav Jung
Johannes Muller
Plato
5. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Enlightenment
Logotherapy
Carl Gustav Jung
Herbert Spencer
6. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
John Dewey
Clark Hull
Charles Darwin
Immanuel Kant
7. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
Carl Gustav Jung
James Cattell
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Eugenics
8. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Clark Hull
Anton Mesmer
Rene Descartes
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
9. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Jean Piaget
Edward Tolman
Immanuel Kant
Erik Erikson
10. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Enlightenment
Ancient Greeks
Clinical psychology
Ivan Pavlov
11. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Franz Joseph Gall
Clark Hull
Gustav Fechner
John Locke
12. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Victor Frankl
Sigmund Freud
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Johannes Muller
13. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Sigmund Freud
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Charles Darwin
Clark Hull
14. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
John B. Watson
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Anton Mesmer
Hermann von Helmholtz
15. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Konrad Lorenz
Wilhelm Wundt
Middle Ages
Immanuel Kant
16. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Sigmund Freud
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Hermann von Helmholtz
William James
17. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
Kenneth Spence
James Cattell
John B. Watson
Nature vs. nurture
18. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Tolman
Immanuel Kant
Sir Francis Galton
19. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Kenneth Spence
Scientific Revolution
Plato
20. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Ivan Pavlov
Carl Gustav Jung
Purposive behaviour
B.F. Skinner
21. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Erik Erikson
Carl Rogers
Thomas Hobbes
Hermann von Helmholtz
22. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Gustav Fechner
Enlightenment
phrenology
Aaron Beck
23. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Stanley Hall
Enlightenment
Edward Tolman
John Locke
24. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Wilhelm Wundt
Gustav Fechner
Edward Titchener
Ivan Pavlov
25. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Sign learning
James Cattell
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Charles Darwin
26. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Carl Gustav Jung
Aaron Beck
Middle Ages
B.F. Skinner
27. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Names from 1800-1900
John B. Watson
Stanley Hall
Ivan Pavlov
28. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Clinical psychology
Abraham Maslow
Rene Descartes
Lamarckian evolution
29. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Edward Thorndike
Names from 1800-1900
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
John B. Watson
30. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Alfred Adler
Sign learning
Gustav Fechner
dualism/ mind-body problem
31. Minds were active - not passive
Aristotle
Immanuel Kant
James Cattell
Johannes Muller
32. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
William James
Scientific Revolution
Carl Gustav Jung
Sir Francis Galton
33. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
Konrad Lorenz
Immanuel Kant
34. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Herbert Spencer
Franz Joseph Gall
J. Spurzheim
Edward Thorndike
35. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
phrenology
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
Charles Darwin
36. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Edward Thorndike
Edward Tolman
Nature vs. nurture
Logotherapy
37. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes
Sir Francis Galton
Scientific Revolution
Rene Descartes
38. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Aristotle
phrenology
Socrates
Victor Frankl
39. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Herbert Spencer
Carl Rogers
William James
Abraham Maslow
40. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Enlightenment
Clinical psychology
Gustav Fechner
dualism/ mind-body problem
41. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Konrad Lorenz
Gustav Fechner
Purposive behaviour
Lamarckian evolution
42. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Edward Tolman
Sir Francis Galton
John Dewey
Plato
43. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Erik Erikson
6 periods
Socrates
Johannes Muller
44. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Rene Descartes
Clinical psychology
Stanley Hall
Sir Francis Galton
45. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Carl Gustav Jung
Franz Joseph Gall
Plato
John Locke
46. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
Clinical psychology
Anton Mesmer
Clark Hull
Hermann von Helmholtz
47. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Edward Thorndike
Middle Ages
Eugenics
Edward Titchener
48. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Sign learning
Erik Erikson
Ancient Greeks
Sigmund Freud
49. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Plato
Aaron Beck
Ancient Greeks
6 periods
50. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Names from 1800-1900
Carl Rogers
James Cattell
Johannes Muller