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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
Aristotle
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Wilhelm Wundt
Jean Piaget
2. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Edward Thorndike
Johannes Muller
Erik Erikson
Sign learning
3. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Thomas Hobbes
William James
Abraham Maslow
phrenology
4. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Nature vs. nurture
Alfred Adler
John Dewey
Rene Descartes
5. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Erik Erikson
Edward Tolman
Dorothea Lynde Dix
6. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Franz Joseph Gall
John B. Watson
Jean Piaget
J. Spurzheim
7. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Edward Tolman
B.F. Skinner
Logotherapy
Carl Gustav Jung
8. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Aristotle
Eugenics
Anton Mesmer
Edward Thorndike
9. Created phrenology
Franz Joseph Gall
Jean Piaget
Clark Hull
Sigmund Freud
10. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Franz Joseph Gall
Aristotle
Rene Descartes
Enlightenment
11. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Clinical psychology
Stanley Hall
Abraham Maslow
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
12. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Edward Thorndike
Johannes Muller
Names from 1800-1900
Kenneth Spence
13. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
John B. Watson
Aaron Beck
Herbert Spencer
Plato
14. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Anton Mesmer
John Locke
Enlightenment
Socrates
15. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
Stanley Hall
Thomas Hobbes
Logotherapy
Clark Hull
16. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
John Dewey
phrenology
Edward Tolman
Middle Ages
17. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Herbert Spencer
John Locke
Socrates
Gustav Fechner
18. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Ancient Greeks
Wilhelm Wundt
Sign learning
dualism/ mind-body problem
19. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes
Scientific Revolution
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Alfred Adler
20. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Aristotle
Names from 1800-1900
Aaron Beck
John B. Watson
21. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Ancient Greeks
Clark Hull
J. Spurzheim
Johannes Muller
22. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
Abraham Maslow
phrenology
Hermann von Helmholtz
Ancient Greeks
23. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Edward Tolman
Abraham Maslow
Carl Gustav Jung
Sign learning
24. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Konrad Lorenz
Edward Tolman
Aaron Beck
Edward Titchener
25. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Names from 1800-1900
Rene Descartes
Edward Titchener
Socrates
26. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Plato
Thomas Hobbes
Names from 1800-1900
Jean Piaget
27. Digestion - classical conditioning
Franz Joseph Gall
Rene Descartes
Ivan Pavlov
Erik Erikson
28. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Edward Tolman
Alfred Adler
Hermann von Helmholtz
Plato
29. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Kenneth Spence
James Cattell
Alfred Adler
Konrad Lorenz
30. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Jean Piaget
Sir Francis Galton
Clinical psychology
Sigmund Freud
31. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Carl Rogers
Edward Titchener
Rene Descartes
James Cattell
32. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Herbert Spencer
dualism/ mind-body problem
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Names from 1800-1900
33. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Rene Descartes
6 periods
Jean Piaget
Clark Hull
34. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Immanuel Kant
Anton Mesmer
Abraham Maslow
Hermann von Helmholtz
35. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Gustav Fechner
Kenneth Spence
Erik Erikson
Purposive behaviour
36. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Konrad Lorenz
Johannes Muller
dualism/ mind-body problem
Wilhelm Wundt
37. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Rene Descartes
Franz Joseph Gall
Nature vs. nurture
John Locke
38. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Purposive behaviour
Carl Rogers
Sigmund Freud
Abraham Maslow
39. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
James Cattell
Victor Frankl
Edward Titchener
William James
40. Minds were active - not passive
Immanuel Kant
Stanley Hall
Aaron Beck
Thomas Hobbes
41. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Scientific Revolution
Sigmund Freud
Konrad Lorenz
Lamarckian evolution
42. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Names from 1800-1900
Konrad Lorenz
John B. Watson
Victor Frankl
43. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
William James
Clinical psychology
Scientific Revolution
Erik Erikson
44. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Edward Tolman
Aristotle
Middle Ages
Sir Francis Galton
45. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Purposive behaviour
Thomas Hobbes
Enlightenment
Gustav Fechner
46. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
phrenology
J. Spurzheim
John Dewey
B.F. Skinner
47. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)
Eugenics
6 periods
Enlightenment
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
48. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Clinical psychology
Middle Ages
John Dewey
dualism/ mind-body problem
49. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Hermann von Helmholtz
Gustav Fechner
B.F. Skinner
Nature vs. nurture
50. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Johannes Muller
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Edward Thorndike
Edward Tolman