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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Hermann von Helmholtz
Johannes Muller
Gustav Fechner
dualism/ mind-body problem
2. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Names from 1800-1900
John B. Watson
Sir Francis Galton
Scientific Revolution
3. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Jean Piaget
Aaron Beck
J. Spurzheim
Hermann von Helmholtz
4. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Socrates
dualism/ mind-body problem
Enlightenment
Jean Piaget
5. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Gustav Fechner
Names from 1800-1900
John Dewey
Stanley Hall
6. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Sign learning
Stanley Hall
7. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Wilhelm Wundt
Scientific Revolution
Immanuel Kant
Nature vs. nurture
8. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Rene Descartes
Plato
6 periods
Nature vs. nurture
9. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Sir Francis Galton
Aaron Beck
Edward Titchener
Scientific Revolution
10. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
Gustav Fechner
John Dewey
Ivan Pavlov
Clinical psychology
11. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
Scientific Revolution
Sign learning
phrenology
Rene Descartes
12. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)
6 periods
Purposive behaviour
Wilhelm Wundt
Dorothea Lynde Dix
13. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
Clark Hull
Ivan Pavlov
Konrad Lorenz
Wilhelm Wundt
14. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Plato
B.F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
Herbert Spencer
15. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Konrad Lorenz
Jean Piaget
Edward Titchener
Abraham Maslow
16. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Aaron Beck
Stanley Hall
John B. Watson
John Dewey
17. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Ancient Greeks
Stanley Hall
Lamarckian evolution
Edward Thorndike
18. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Jean Piaget
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Lamarckian evolution
John Locke
19. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Plato
Alfred Adler
Hermann von Helmholtz
Herbert Spencer
20. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Ancient Greeks
Victor Frankl
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Thomas Hobbes
21. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
Logotherapy
Charles Darwin
Ancient Greeks
James Cattell
22. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Charles Darwin
Rene Descartes
Jean Piaget
Carl Rogers
23. Digestion - classical conditioning
Hermann von Helmholtz
Ivan Pavlov
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Erik Erikson
24. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Clinical psychology
dualism/ mind-body problem
Edward Thorndike
Edward Tolman
25. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
Ancient Greeks
Erik Erikson
Kenneth Spence
John B. Watson
26. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
James Cattell
Charles Darwin
Aristotle
Dorothea Lynde Dix
27. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
dualism/ mind-body problem
Herbert Spencer
Rene Descartes
Thomas Hobbes
28. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Victor Frankl
Sigmund Freud
Thomas Hobbes
Alfred Adler
29. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Jean Piaget
Anton Mesmer
Aaron Beck
Hermann von Helmholtz
30. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Anton Mesmer
B.F. Skinner
Johannes Muller
Logotherapy
31. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Immanuel Kant
Herbert Spencer
Kenneth Spence
32. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Thomas Hobbes
Nature vs. nurture
Charles Darwin
Abraham Maslow
33. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Hermann von Helmholtz
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Logotherapy
Middle Ages
34. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Aristotle
Edward Tolman
Enlightenment
Wilhelm Wundt
35. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Enlightenment
Clark Hull
Purposive behaviour
Ivan Pavlov
36. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Socrates
Anton Mesmer
Kenneth Spence
Logotherapy
37. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Clinical psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
Socrates
Plato
38. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Eugenics
Wilhelm Wundt
dualism/ mind-body problem
Lamarckian evolution
39. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
Gustav Fechner
William James
John Dewey
Charles Darwin
40. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Titchener
Names from 1800-1900
Erik Erikson
41. Created phrenology
Names from 1800-1900
Franz Joseph Gall
John B. Watson
Socrates
42. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Clinical psychology
Aristotle
Clark Hull
John Dewey
43. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Gustav Fechner
Alfred Adler
Franz Joseph Gall
Clinical psychology
44. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Anton Mesmer
William James
Abraham Maslow
Edward Titchener
45. Minds were active - not passive
Lamarckian evolution
Immanuel Kant
Clinical psychology
Abraham Maslow
46. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
dualism/ mind-body problem
Edward Tolman
6 periods
Johannes Muller
47. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Edward Thorndike
Carl Gustav Jung
Charles Darwin
John B. Watson
48. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
John Dewey
Purposive behaviour
Middle Ages
Sir Francis Galton
49. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
James Cattell
Charles Darwin
Purposive behaviour
Thomas Hobbes
50. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Sign learning
Stanley Hall
Franz Joseph Gall
William James