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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Kenneth Spence
Edward Titchener
John B. Watson
Enlightenment
2. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Edward Tolman
dualism/ mind-body problem
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Carl Rogers
3. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Eugenics
Edward Thorndike
Edward Titchener
Rene Descartes
4. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Plato
Clark Hull
Edward Tolman
Hermann von Helmholtz
5. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
Charles Darwin
William James
John B. Watson
Edward Thorndike
6. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Hermann von Helmholtz
Stanley Hall
Sign learning
B.F. Skinner
7. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Carl Gustav Jung
Plato
Alfred Adler
Sigmund Freud
8. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Clinical psychology
Victor Frankl
Kenneth Spence
Gustav Fechner
9. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
Clinical psychology
Konrad Lorenz
Sir Francis Galton
Purposive behaviour
10. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
Clinical psychology
phrenology
John B. Watson
Franz Joseph Gall
11. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Lamarckian evolution
Sigmund Freud
Rene Descartes
Logotherapy
12. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
Jean Piaget
B.F. Skinner
John Locke
Lamarckian evolution
13. Created phrenology
Purposive behaviour
Wilhelm Wundt
Ivan Pavlov
Franz Joseph Gall
14. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Herbert Spencer
Wilhelm Wundt
Lamarckian evolution
Sigmund Freud
15. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Abraham Maslow
Immanuel Kant
Logotherapy
James Cattell
16. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Anton Mesmer
Charles Darwin
Sigmund Freud
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
17. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Herbert Spencer
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Plato
Purposive behaviour
18. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Anton Mesmer
Nature vs. nurture
Scientific Revolution
Eugenics
19. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
phrenology
Sigmund Freud
Victor Frankl
Aristotle
20. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
Kenneth Spence
Scientific Revolution
Aristotle
Abraham Maslow
21. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
Scientific Revolution
Gustav Fechner
William James
John Dewey
22. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Hermann von Helmholtz
Nature vs. nurture
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Enlightenment
23. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Logotherapy
phrenology
Aristotle
24. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Socrates
Anton Mesmer
Immanuel Kant
Carl Gustav Jung
25. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Alfred Adler
Sir Francis Galton
B.F. Skinner
Konrad Lorenz
26. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Herbert Spencer
Johannes Muller
Kenneth Spence
Carl Gustav Jung
27. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
dualism/ mind-body problem
Clark Hull
Alfred Adler
Aaron Beck
28. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Names from 1800-1900
Purposive behaviour
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Middle Ages
29. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Anton Mesmer
Edward Tolman
Erik Erikson
J. Spurzheim
30. Minds were active - not passive
J. Spurzheim
Hermann von Helmholtz
Immanuel Kant
Aaron Beck
31. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)
B.F. Skinner
Jean Piaget
Ivan Pavlov
6 periods
32. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Victor Frankl
Kenneth Spence
John Locke
Aaron Beck
33. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Jean Piaget
Edward Titchener
Nature vs. nurture
Scientific Revolution
34. Digestion - classical conditioning
Logotherapy
Socrates
Ivan Pavlov
Gustav Fechner
35. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Nature vs. nurture
Anton Mesmer
Edward Titchener
Johannes Muller
36. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
John Dewey
Clark Hull
Aristotle
Jean Piaget
37. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Sigmund Freud
Konrad Lorenz
John Locke
Names from 1800-1900
38. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
John Dewey
Carl Rogers
Thomas Hobbes
Johannes Muller
39. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
Gustav Fechner
Middle Ages
James Cattell
Names from 1800-1900
40. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
Gustav Fechner
Edward Tolman
Eugenics
John Locke
41. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Socrates
Sign learning
Scientific Revolution
Alfred Adler
42. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Logotherapy
Sigmund Freud
Charles Darwin
Socrates
43. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Sign learning
Names from 1800-1900
Gustav Fechner
Hermann von Helmholtz
44. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Franz Joseph Gall
Eugenics
Aristotle
Lamarckian evolution
45. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Names from 1800-1900
Jean Piaget
Hermann von Helmholtz
Johannes Muller
46. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Scientific Revolution
Gustav Fechner
Sir Francis Galton
47. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Victor Frankl
Middle Ages
James Cattell
6 periods
48. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Ancient Greeks
Rene Descartes
Socrates
Kenneth Spence
49. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Ancient Greeks
Abraham Maslow
Gustav Fechner
Carl Rogers
50. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
Charles Darwin
Scientific Revolution
Middle Ages
Eugenics