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GRE Psychology: History

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul






2. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten






3. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species






4. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy






5. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children






6. Created phrenology






7. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics






8. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener






9. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)






10. Minds were active - not passive






11. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong






12. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour






13. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences






14. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes






15. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved






16. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment






17. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience






18. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research






19. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association






20. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)






21. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:






22. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)






23. Digestion - classical conditioning






24. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot






25. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference






26. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning






27. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle






28. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem






29. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt






30. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning






31. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world






32. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body






33. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts






34. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization






35. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations






36. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence






37. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour






38. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force






39. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe






40. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice






41. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt






42. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field






43. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression






44. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically






45. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio






46. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory






47. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)






48. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)






49. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)






50. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning