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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
William James
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Clinical psychology
Edward Thorndike
2. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Gustav Fechner
Sign learning
Abraham Maslow
phrenology
3. Minds were active - not passive
Enlightenment
Immanuel Kant
Ivan Pavlov
Sign learning
4. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Anton Mesmer
Abraham Maslow
Wilhelm Wundt
Thomas Hobbes
5. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Aaron Beck
James Cattell
Charles Darwin
Clinical psychology
6. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Nature vs. nurture
Jean Piaget
dualism/ mind-body problem
Stanley Hall
7. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
John Locke
J. Spurzheim
Ancient Greeks
B.F. Skinner
8. Founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression
Johannes Muller
Nature vs. nurture
Wilhelm Wundt
Konrad Lorenz
9. Digestion - classical conditioning
J. Spurzheim
Socrates
6 periods
Ivan Pavlov
10. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
James Cattell
Purposive behaviour
Rene Descartes
Carl Rogers
11. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
dualism/ mind-body problem
B.F. Skinner
Eugenics
James Cattell
12. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
phrenology
Enlightenment
Edward Thorndike
Charles Darwin
13. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Enlightenment
Kenneth Spence
Erik Erikson
Socrates
14. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Herbert Spencer
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
J. Spurzheim
Ivan Pavlov
15. Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
Konrad Lorenz
William James
Ancient Greeks
Carl Gustav Jung
16. Ancient Greeks - middle ages (500-1600) - scientific revolution (1600-1700) - Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900) - The saga continues (1900s)
6 periods
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
17. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Plato
John B. Watson
Gustav Fechner
Socrates
18. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Victor Frankl
Charles Darwin
John Dewey
William James
19. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Abraham Maslow
Sign learning
John Locke
Logotherapy
20. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Logotherapy
Jean Piaget
Middle Ages
Eugenics
21. Founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics; first systematic experiment to result in mathematical conclusions; previously thought the mind could not be studied empirically
Gustav Fechner
phrenology
Alfred Adler
Edward Thorndike
22. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Socrates
Stanley Hall
Johannes Muller
Carl Gustav Jung
23. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
Socrates
Aaron Beck
Konrad Lorenz
John Locke
24. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
Clinical psychology
Hermann von Helmholtz
phrenology
Lamarckian evolution
25. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
John Dewey
James Cattell
Aristotle
B.F. Skinner
26. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Sir Francis Galton
John B. Watson
Anton Mesmer
John Dewey
27. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Thomas Hobbes
Sigmund Freud
Lamarckian evolution
28. Rene Descartes - John Locke - Thomas Hobbes
Edward Titchener
Logotherapy
Konrad Lorenz
Scientific Revolution
29. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Ivan Pavlov
Gustav Fechner
Thomas Hobbes
Edward Tolman
30. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
Charles Darwin
Clinical psychology
B.F. Skinner
Eugenics
31. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
B.F. Skinner
Clinical psychology
Scientific Revolution
Hermann von Helmholtz
32. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Gustav Fechner
Clark Hull
John Locke
Alfred Adler
33. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Aaron Beck
Jean Piaget
Clinical psychology
Socrates
34. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Stanley Hall
Kenneth Spence
William James
Clark Hull
35. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Wilhelm Wundt
B.F. Skinner
Eugenics
Names from 1800-1900
36. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Jean Piaget
6 periods
Alfred Adler
J. Spurzheim
37. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Stanley Hall
Ancient Greeks
Johannes Muller
Edward Tolman
38. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
Sign learning
Franz Joseph Gall
John B. Watson
Herbert Spencer
39. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
John Dewey
Herbert Spencer
Edward Thorndike
Edward Titchener
40. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Stanley Hall
Sigmund Freud
Nature vs. nurture
Rene Descartes
41. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
B.F. Skinner
6 periods
Konrad Lorenz
Dorothea Lynde Dix
42. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Ancient Greeks
Thomas Hobbes
Charles Darwin
Enlightenment
43. Founder of structuralism - focused on the analysis of human consciousness; Through introspection - lab assistants objectively describe discrete sensations and contents of their minds; method soon dissolved
Sir Francis Galton
Stanley Hall
Edward Titchener
Franz Joseph Gall
44. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
Edward Thorndike
Clark Hull
Thomas Hobbes
Rene Descartes
45. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Immanuel Kant
Kenneth Spence
Alfred Adler
Socrates
46. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Aristotle
Alfred Adler
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
47. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
phrenology
Charles Darwin
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Ancient Greeks
48. Created phrenology
Nature vs. nurture
Herbert Spencer
Franz Joseph Gall
Erik Erikson
49. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Clark Hull
Logotherapy
Carl Rogers
Lamarckian evolution
50. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
Carl Gustav Jung
William James
Scientific Revolution
Erik Erikson