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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: History
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning
John Locke
Carl Gustav Jung
Sir Francis Galton
Purposive behaviour
2. 8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined 'identity crisis' of adolescence
Victor Frankl
Kenneth Spence
Erik Erikson
Franz Joseph Gall
3. Man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate - from experience
J. Spurzheim
Alfred Adler
Abraham Maslow
John Locke
4. Behaviourist - valued both behaviour and cognition; purposive behaviour and sign learning; rats in mazes formed cognitive maps rather than blindly attempting various routes like stimulus-response suggests; also expectancy-value theory of motivation:
Victor Frankl
Kenneth Spence
William James
Edward Tolman
5. Emerged after WWII - psychology research to a practical field
J. Spurzheim
Clinical psychology
Thomas Hobbes
Edward Titchener
6. The idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull - Brain - seat of the soul
phrenology
Carl Gustav Jung
Aaron Beck
Scientific Revolution
7. First to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius - used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics
John Dewey
Logotherapy
Hermann von Helmholtz
Sir Francis Galton
8. Physiologist - existence of 'Specific nerve energies' - taught Wilhelm Wundt
Johannes Muller
Aristotle
Clinical psychology
Hermann von Helmholtz
9. Digestion - classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
J. Spurzheim
John B. Watson
Logotherapy
10. Human and animals are machines - sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)
Thomas Hobbes
Erik Erikson
Nature vs. nurture
Anton Mesmer
11. Gestalt ('whole') psychology - asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts
Dorothea Lynde Dix
Immanuel Kant
Max Wertheimer - Wolfgang Kohler - and Kurt Koffka
Victor Frankl
12. Carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work - even when others proved theory wrong
Anton Mesmer
Herbert Spencer
Sign learning
J. Spurzheim
13. Leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement
Abraham Maslow
Konrad Lorenz
B.F. Skinner
Victor Frankl
14. Evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism - whether psychological phenomena are the result of inborn - genetic factors or the result of cultural and society influences
Charles Darwin
Clark Hull
Nature vs. nurture
Logotherapy
15. Cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking; therapy to reformulating illogical cognition rather than searching for a life-stress cause; Beck Depression Inventory
Stanley Hall
Aaron Beck
Thomas Hobbes
Edward Tolman
16. Descartes - mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body
Eugenics
Clark Hull
Aristotle
dualism/ mind-body problem
17. Client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy - receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference
Carl Rogers
Clark Hull
Jean Piaget
Scientific Revolution
18. Cognitive development in children; The Language and Thought of the Child - Moral Judgment of the Child - Origins of Intelligence in Children
Jean Piaget
Johannes Muller
Carl Gustav Jung
Edward Thorndike
19. Movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization
6 periods
Sigmund Freud
John Dewey
Dorothea Lynde Dix
20. Studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box - operant conditioning; Walden Two and beyond freedom and dignity - control of human behaviour
James Cattell
Clinical psychology
B.F. Skinner
Sir Francis Galton
21. Felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories - Dreams - Reflections)
Sigmund Freud
Carl Gustav Jung
Eugenics
Edward Thorndike
22. Modified Hull'S Performance = drive x habit theory
Middle Ages
Kenneth Spence
Franz Joseph Gall
Anton Mesmer
23. Anton Mesmer - Franz Joseph Gall - J. Spurzheim - Charles Darwin - Sir Francis Galton - Gustav Fechner - Johannes Muller - Wilhelm Wundt - Herbert Spencer - William James - Hermann von Helmholtz - Stanley Hall - John Dewey - Edward Titchener - James
Eugenics
Names from 1800-1900
Ancient Greeks
Jean Piaget
24. Founded behaviouralism; studied conditioning - stimulus-response chains - objective - observable behaviours; humans ready to be trained by environment
Thomas Hobbes
J. Spurzheim
John Dewey
John B. Watson
25. Existential psychology; Man'S Search for Meaning - people innately seek meaningfulness in their lives - perceived meaninglessness is root of emotional difficulty; logotherapy
Victor Frankl
6 periods
J. Spurzheim
Anton Mesmer
26. Frankl; focuses on person'S will to meaning
Logotherapy
Herbert Spencer
William James
Ivan Pavlov
27. Individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality: choleric (dominant) - phlegmatic (Dependent) - melancholic (withdrawn) - and sanguine (healthy)
Kenneth Spence
Alfred Adler
Abraham Maslow
Clark Hull
28. Created phrenology
Franz Joseph Gall
Nature vs. nurture
Carl Gustav Jung
James Cattell
29. Father of the psychology of adaptation - .also founder of sociology; used principles from Lamarckian evolution - physiology and associationism to understand people - idfferent species or races were elevated because of the greater number of associatio
Carl Gustav Jung
Herbert Spencer
Aaron Beck
Immanuel Kant
30. I think therefore I am - figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem
Rene Descartes
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Ivan Pavlov
31. Most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)
Konrad Lorenz
Enlightenment
phrenology
Rene Descartes
32. Law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning
Kenneth Spence
Clinical psychology
Edward Thorndike
Ivan Pavlov
33. Believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids; animal magnetism (mind control of one person over another) responsible for patient recoveries; used technique of mesmerism (hypnotism)
Anton Mesmer
Kenneth Spence
Stanley Hall
James Cattell
34. Opened more psychology labs - thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt
John Locke
Carl Rogers
James Cattell
Konrad Lorenz
35. Understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church - then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars
Middle Ages
Names from 1800-1900
Aristotle
James Cattell
36. Minds were active - not passive
Immanuel Kant
6 periods
Konrad Lorenz
Erik Erikson
37. The original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth - beauty and justice
Lamarckian evolution
phrenology
Herbert Spencer
Socrates
38. One of America'S most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology; reflex arc; denied structuralism - that animals respond to disjointed stimulus and response chains; instead functionalism - constantly adapting to environment rathe
John B. Watson
William James
John Dewey
Middle Ages
39. wrote Origin of Species and the Descent of Man - did not create the concept of evolution - but made it a scientifically sound principle by positing that natural selection was its driving force
Kenneth Spence
Aaron Beck
Charles Darwin
Aristotle
40. The idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations
Edward Tolman
Lamarckian evolution
Erik Erikson
dualism/ mind-body problem
41. Mechanistic behavioural ideas; motivation: performance = drive x habit; we do what we need and what worked best in the past; Kenneth Spence modified theory
Lamarckian evolution
John Locke
Nature vs. nurture
Clark Hull
42. Physical world not all that could be known - presence of universal forms and innate knowledge - abstract and unsystematic
Immanuel Kant
Johannes Muller
Anton Mesmer
Plato
43. World'S first professor - studied based on order and logic - disagreed with Plato - believed that truth can be found in physical world
6 periods
Herbert Spencer
Aristotle
Jean Piaget
44. Founder of psychology - first official lab at U of Leipzig - also began first psychology journal; wrote principles of physiological psychology - attempted to study and analyze consciousness; ideas forerunners of Edward Titchener
Wilhelm Wundt
Alfred Adler
Charles Darwin
Anton Mesmer
45. Father of experimental psychology - in America doing what Wundt was in Germany - combining physiology and philosophy; informally investigating psychological principles but did not have an official lab until later; wrote principle of psychology - wrot
William James
Names from 1800-1900
Aristotle
Carl Gustav Jung
46. Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour
Franz Joseph Gall
Edward Tolman
Sign learning
Purposive behaviour
47. America'S first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard; coined the term 'adolescence' - started American Journal of Psychology - founded American Psychological Association
Lamarckian evolution
J. Spurzheim
Stanley Hall
Konrad Lorenz
48. One of most important in clinical - abnormal - personality - id - ego - superego; unconscious motivations; psychoanalysis; famous writings Interpretation of Dreams - Theory of Sexuality - Beyond the Pleasure Principle - Civilization and its Disconten
Sigmund Freud
Charles Darwin
Ancient Greeks
Ivan Pavlov
49. Sensation; hearing and color vision - foundation for modern perception research
Clark Hull
Logotherapy
Middle Ages
Hermann von Helmholtz
50. A plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species
Ancient Greeks
Eugenics
Gustav Fechner
Aristotle