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GRE Psychology: Important Names

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Proposed gate theory of pain
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.
Berkeley - G.
Witkin - H.
Gibson - J.

2. Developed the concept of groupthink to explain how group decision making can sometimes go awry
Miller - G.
Chomsky - N.
Janis - I.
Swets - John A.

3. Developed principles of operant conditioning; _______ Box (rats)
Skinner - B.F.
Gibson - J.
Cannon - W.
Kohler - W.

4. Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory
Kohler - W.
Milner - B.
Sperling - G.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.

5. Proposed dual-code hypothesis
Paivio - A.
Wever - E. and Bray - C.
Bekesy -G.
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.

6. Studied the mere exposure effect; also resolved problems with the social facilitation effect by suggesting that the presence of others enhances the emission of dominant responses and impairs the emission of nondominant responses
Zajonc. R.
Pavlov - I.
Miller - G.
Mahler - M.

7. Proposed the James-Lange two-factor theory of emotions
Guilford - J.
Whorf - B.
James - W. and Lange - C.
Stevens - S. S.

8. Proposed the law of effect; used puzzle boxes to study problem solving in cats
Wilson - E. O.
Wernicke - C.
Thorndike - E.
Festinger - L.

9. Developed theory of isomorphism
Bandura - A.
Kohler - W.
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Darwin - C.

10. Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem solving
Penfield - W.
Luchins - A.
Hall - E.
Wilson - E. O.

11. Ethologist who studied communication in honey bees
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
von Frisch - K.
Bandura - A.
Kluver - H. and Bucy - P.

12. French anatomist who identified the part of the brain primarily associated with producing spoken language (_____'S Area)
Rescorla - R.
Tinbergen - N.
Asch - S.
Broca - P.

13. Refined ROC curves in signal detection theory
Tinbergen - N.
Swets - John A.
Loftus - E.
Witkin - H.

14. Object-relations theorist
Premack - D.
Thurstone - L.
Winnicott - D.W.
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.

15. Studied insights in problem solving
Wever - E. and Bray - C.
Kohler - W.
Loftus - E.
Sternberg - R.

16. Psychodynamic theorist who broke with Freud over the concept of libido; suggested that the unconscious should be divided into the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious - with archetypes being in the collective unconscious.
Guilford - J.
Jung - C.
Spearman - C.
Pavlov - I.

17. Object-relations theorist
Schachter - S. and Singer - J.
Cattell - R.
Klein - M.
Luria - A.

18. Studied eyewitness memory and concluded that our memories can be altered by presenting new information or by asking misleading questions
Loftus - E.
Rotter - J.
Lorenz - K.
Bartlett - F.

19. Ethologists who studied unlearned - instinctual bxs in the natural environment
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Lorenz - K.
Helmholtz - H.
Pavlov - I.

20. Suggested that individual differences in intelligence were largely due to differences in amount of a general factor called g
Spearman - C.
Berkeley - G.
Schachter - S.
Watson - J.

21. Developed a list of depth cues that help us to perceive depth
Berkeley - G.
McGuire - W.
Skinner - B.F.
Swets - John A.

22. Phenomenological personality theorist who developed field theory
Rotter - J.
Lewin - K.
Ebbinghaus - H.
Zimbardo - P.

23. Studied conformity by asking subjects to compare the lengths of lines.
Asch - S.
Penfield - W.
Guilford - J.
Hering - E.

24. Developed cognitive dissonance theory - also developed social comparison theory
Festinger - L.
Lorenz - K.
Spearman - C.
Milgram - S.

25. Trait theorist who proposed two main dimensions on which human personalities differ: introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-neuroticism
Eysenck - H.
Milner - B.
Winnicott - D.W.
Jung - C.

26. Found that the capacity of short-term memory is seven (plus or minus two) items
Miller - G.
Paivio - A.
Bekesy -G.
Wernicke - C.

27. Ethologists who introduced experimental methods into field situations
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.
Loftus - E.
Macoby - E. and Jacklin - C.
Tinbergen - N.

28. Studied field-dependence and field-independence using the rod and frame test
Rescorla - R.
Dollard - J. and Miller - N.
Witkin - H.
Spearman - C.

29. Behaviorist theorist known for his social learning theory; did modeling experiment using punching bag ('Bobo' doll)
Rogers - C.
Lorenz - K.
Bandura - A.
Sperry - R. and Gazzaniga - M.

30. Originator of psychodynamic approach to personality
Freud - S.
Allport - G.
Wolpe - J.
Horney - K.

31. Canadian neurosurgeon who used electrodes and electrical stimulation techniques to 'map' out different parts of the brain during surgery
Penfield - W.
Milner - B.
Yerkes - R. and Dodson - J.
McClelland - D.

32. Attempted to relate somatotype (body type) to personality type
Kandel - E.
Guilford - J.
Sheldon - W.
Kelly - G.

33. Developed the levels-of-processing theory of memory as an alternative to the stage theory of memory
Erikson - E.
Clark - K. - Clark - M.
Craik - F. and Lockhart - R.
Broadbent - D.

34. Studied obedience by asking subjects to administer electroshock; proposed stimulus-overload theory to explain differences between city and country dwellers
Darley - J. - Latane - B.
James - W. and Lange - C.
Milgram - S.
Bandura - A.

35. Studied depth cues (esp. texture gradients) that help us to perceive depths
Gibson - J.
Lewin - K.
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Kahneman - D. and Tversky - A.

36. Investigated the role of schemata in memory; concluded that memory is largely a reconstructive process.
Asch - S.
Witkin - H.
Spearman - C.
Bartlett - F.

37. Studied locus of control
McGuire - W.
Rotter - J.
Kernberg - O.
Schachter - S.

38. Developed balance theory to explain why attitudes change; also developed attribution theory and divided attributions into two categories: dispositional and situational
Janis - I.
Heider - F.
Miller - G.
Witkin - H.

39. Developed method of systematic desensitization to eliminate problems
Broca - P.
Wolpe - J.
Luria - A.
Helmholtz - H.

40. Studied memory using nonsense syllables and the method of savings
Ebbinghaus - H.
Olds - J. - and Milner - P.
Lerner - M.
Gibson - J.

41. Proposed theory of evolution and natural selection as its centerpiece
Darwin - C.
Miller - G.
Penfield - W.
Kluver - H. and Bucy - P.

42. Critic of trait theories of personality
Mischel - W.
Schachter - S. and Singer - J.
Erikson - E.
Berkeley - G.

43. Operant conditioning pioneers worked with pigeons and mice in operant chambers
Winnicott - D.W.
Pavlov - I.
James - W. and Lange - C.
Skinner - B.F.

44. Suggested that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing (PDP)
Kelly - G.
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.
Clark - K. - Clark - M.
Bandura - A.

45. Psychodynamic theorist best known for concept of inferiority complex
Pavlov - I.
Milgram - S.
Adler - A.
Kohler - W.

46. Studied the capacity of sensory memory using the partial-report method
Sperling - G.
Macoby - E. and Jacklin - C.
Fechner - G.
Petty - R. - Cacioppo - J.

47. Studied attitude change
Mahler - M.
Luria - A.
Hovland - C.
Stevens - S. S.

48. Studied taste aversion learning and proposed that some species are biologically prepared to learn connections between certain stimuli
Sperry - R. and Gazzaniga - M.
Garcia - J.
Milgram - S.
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.

49. Discovered the basic principles of classical conditioning
Whorf - B.
Petty - R. - Cacioppo - J.
Pavlov - I.
Macoby - E. and Jacklin - C.

50. Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.
Fechner - G.
Eagly - A.
Maslow - A.