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GRE Psychology: Important Names

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Found that the capacity of short-term memory is seven (plus or minus two) items
Miller - G.
Premack - D.
Zajonc. R.
Bem - D.

2. Performed experiements which showed that contiguity could not fully explain classical conditioning; proposed contingency theory of classical conditioning
Kohler - W.
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Lerner - M.
Rescorla - R.

3. Performed experiment on Little Albert that suggested that the acquisition of phobias was due to classical conditioning; school of Bxiorism founder; stimulus-response chains
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Watson - J.
Milgram - S.
Bandura - A.

4. Proposed gate theory of pain
Maslow - A.
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.
Milgram - S.
Lorenz - K.

5. Studied the capacity of sensory memory using the partial-report method
Klein - M.
Sperling - G.
Bartlett - F.
Guilford - J.

6. Proposed filter theory of attention
Freud - S.
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Broadbent - D.
Sheldon - W.

7. Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory
Bandura - A.
Thurstone - L.
von Frisch - K.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.

8. Critic of trait theories of personality
Bandura - A.
Mischel - W.
Bekesy -G.
Kelly - G.

9. Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived
Ebbinghaus - H.
Whorf - B.
Hovland - C.
Eagly - A.

10. Suggested that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing (PDP)
Clark - K. - Clark - M.
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.
Winnicott - D.W.
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.

11. Studied locus of control
Sperling - G.
Rotter - J.
Helmholtz - H.
Bekesy -G.

12. Demonstrated existence of pleasure center in the brain using 'Self-stimulation' studies in rats
Olds - J. - and Milner - P.
Thorndike - E.
Cattell - R.
Bartlett - F.

13. Developed principles of operant conditioning; _______ Box (rats)
Sperling - G.
Adler - A.
Skinner - B.F.
Horney - K.

14. Investigated the role of schemata in memory; concluded that memory is largely a reconstructive process.
Heider - F.
Bartlett - F.
Wever - E. and Bray - C.
Guilford - J.

15. Ethologists who studied unlearned - instinctual bxs in the natural environment
Helmholtz - H.
Schachter - S. and Singer - J.
Lorenz - K.
Dollard - J. and Miller - N.

16. Originator of psychodynamic approach to personality
Skinner - B.F.
Freud - S.
Dollard - J. and Miller - N.
Wilson - E. O.

17. Trait theorist who proposed two main dimensions on which human personalities differ: introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-neuroticism
Hering - E.
Eysenck - H.
von Frisch - K.
Thurstone - L.

18. Performed prison simulation and used concept of deindividuation to explain results
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
Sperling - G.
Zimbardo - P.
Klein - M.

19. Refined ROC curves in signal detection theory
Spearman - C.
Swets - John A.
Gardner - H.
Breland - K. and Breland - M.

20. Proposed the James-Lange two-factor theory of emotions
Chomsky - N.
Clark - K. - Clark - M.
James - W. and Lange - C.
Jung - C.

21. Studied how psychological inoculation could help people resist persuasion
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Paivio - A.
Penfield - W.
McGuire - W.

22. Proposed concept of belief in a just world
Mischel - W.
Wever - E. and Bray - C.
Lerner - M.
Hall - E.

23. Propsed gain-loss principle (an evaluation that changes will have more effect thatn an evaluation that remains constant)
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
Cattell - R.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.
Broadbent - D.

24. Proposed triarchic theory that divides intelligence into three types: componential - experiential - and contextual
James - W. and Lange - C.
Bekesy -G.
Freud - A.
Sternberg - R.

25. Developed elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (central and peripheral routes to persuasion)
Luria - A.
McGuire - W.
Petty - R. - Cacioppo - J.
Gibson - J.

26. Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory
Stevens - S. S.
Swets - John A.
Berkeley - G.
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.

27. Developed the visual cliff apparatus - which is used to study the development of depth perception
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Mahler - M.
Kohler - W.
Yerkes - R. and Dodson - J.

28. Studied need for achievement (nAch)
Bem - S.
McClelland - D.
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.
Watson - J.

29. Outlined eight stages of psychosocial development overing the lifespan
Erikson - E.
Swets - John A.
Horney - K.
Lerner - M.

30. Trait theorist who used factor analysis to study personality. Divided intelligence into fluid and crystallized and looked at how they change throughout the lifespan
Cattell - R.
Festinger - L.
Schachter - S. and Singer - J.
Kohler - W.

31. Developed a list of depth cues that help us to perceive depth
Berkeley - G.
Hering - E.
Sperling - G.
Freud - A.

32. Studied feature detection in visual cortex and discovered simple - complex and hypercomplex cells
Swets - John A.
Sherif - M.
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Sperry - R. and Gazzaniga - M.

33. Studied obedience by asking subjects to administer electroshock; proposed stimulus-overload theory to explain differences between city and country dwellers
Zajonc. R.
Allport - G.
Milgram - S.
Kelly - G.

34. Proposed theory of evolution and natural selection as its centerpiece
Mahler - M.
Skinner - B.F.
Lerner - M.
Darwin - C.

35. Proposed volley theory of pitch perception in response to a criticism of the freqency theory of pitch perception
Bartlett - F.
Jung - C.
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.
Wever - E. and Bray - C.

36. Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem solving
Sherrington - C.
Kernberg - O.
Luchins - A.
Kluver - H. and Bucy - P.

37. Object-relations theorist
McClelland - D.
Jung - C.
McGuire - W.
Kernberg - O.

38. French anatomist who identified the part of the brain primarily associated with producing spoken language (_____'S Area)
Jung - C.
Allport - G.
Broca - P.
Milner - B.

39. Studied field-dependence and field-independence using the rod and frame test
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Witkin - H.
Gibson - J.
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.

40. Suggested that individual differences in intelligence were largely due to differences in amount of a general factor called g
Kohler - W.
Premack - D.
Sperry - R. and Gazzaniga - M.
Spearman - C.

41. Studied memory using nonsense syllables and the method of savings
Klein - M.
Skinner - B.F.
Asch - S.
Ebbinghaus - H.

42. Suggested _______ Principle: that a more-preferred activity could be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity
Pavlov - I.
Thurstone - L.
Premack - D.
von Frisch - K.

43. Object-relations theorist
Zajonc. R.
Klein - M.
Wolpe - J.
Petty - R. - Cacioppo - J.

44. Russian neurologist who studied how brain damage leads to impairment in sensory - motor - and language functions
Horney - K.
Chomsky - N.
Adler - A.
Luria - A.

45. Studied loss of normal fear and rage reactions in monkeys resulting from damage to temporal lobes; also studied in amygdala'S role in emotions
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
McClelland - D.
Kluver - H. and Bucy - P.
Rotter - J.

46. Developed sociobiology
Wilson - E. O.
James - W. and Lange - C.
Kahneman - D. and Tversky - A.
Kelly - G.

47. Suggested that masculinity and femininity were two separate dimensions; concept of androgyny
Bem - S.
Sperling - G.
Ebbinghaus - H.
Luchins - A.

48. Studied attitude change
Fechner - G.
Sherif - M.
Garcia - J.
Hovland - C.

49. English physiologist who first inferred the existence of synapse
Sherrington - C.
Rotter - J.
Lerner - M.
Gardner - H.

50. Attempted to relate somatotype (body type) to personality type
Schachter - S.
Milner - B.
Hering - E.
Sheldon - W.