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GRE Psychology: Important Names

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Studied depth cues (esp. texture gradients) that help us to perceive depths
Craik - F. and Lockhart - R.
Hering - E.
Gibson - J.
Fechner - G.

2. Studied locus of control
Rotter - J.
Winnicott - D.W.
Sperry - R. and Gazzaniga - M.
Lerner - M.

3. Devised divergent thinking test to measure creativity
Guilford - J.
Stevens - S. S.
Yerkes - R. and Dodson - J.
Kohler - W.

4. Developed Young-_______ trichromatic theory of color vision; developed place-resonance theory of pitch perception
McGuire - W.
Luchins - A.
Helmholtz - H.
Swets - John A.

5. Propsed gain-loss principle (an evaluation that changes will have more effect thatn an evaluation that remains constant)
Kohler - W.
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Watson - J.
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.

6. Trait theorist known for concept of functional autonomy; also distinguished between idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality
Allport - G.
Dollard - J. and Miller - N.
Eagly - A.
Zajonc. R.

7. Suggested _______ Principle: that a more-preferred activity could be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
Paivio - A.
Schachter - S.
Premack - D.

8. Studied feature detection in visual cortex and discovered simple - complex and hypercomplex cells
Cattell - R.
Newcomb - T.
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Freud - A.

9. Physiologist who studied the autonomic nervous system - including 'fight or flight' reactions; investigated homeostasis; and with Bard - proposed _______-Bard theory of emotions
Helmholtz - H.
Wolpe - J.
McClelland - D.
Cannon - W.

10. Found that the capacity of short-term memory is seven (plus or minus two) items
Miller - G.
Sherif - M.
Guilford - J.
Darley - J. - Latane - B.

11. Object-relations theorist
Guilford - J.
Klein - M.
Sternberg - R.
Thurstone - L.

12. Investigated the role of schemata in memory; concluded that memory is largely a reconstructive process.
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Sheldon - W.
Bartlett - F.
James - W. and Lange - C.

13. Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem solving
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Allport - G.
Luchins - A.
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.

14. Developed self-perception theory as an alternative to cognitive dissonance theory.
Bekesy -G.
Klein - M.
Lerner - M.
Bem - D.

15. English physiologist who first inferred the existence of synapse
Spearman - C.
Erikson - E.
Sherrington - C.
Wolpe - J.

16. Studied the capacity of sensory memory using the partial-report method
Miller - G.
Paivio - A.
Sperry - R. and Gazzaniga - M.
Sperling - G.

17. Proposed concept of belief in a just world
Spearman - C.
Bem - D.
Pavlov - I.
Lerner - M.

18. Used autokinetic effect to study conformity; also performed Robber'S Cave experiment and found that having superordinate goals increased intergroup cooperation
Guilford - J.
Newcomb - T.
Garcia - J.
Sherif - M.

19. Developed balance theory to explain why attitudes change; also developed attribution theory and divided attributions into two categories: dispositional and situational
Freud - S.
Sherrington - C.
Heider - F.
Whorf - B.

20. Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.
Broca - P.
Guilford - J.

21. Object-relations theorist
Freud - S.
Rogers - C.
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Kernberg - O.

22. Empirical studies led to traveling wave theory of pitch perception which - at least partially - supported by Helmholtz'S place-resonance theory
Macoby - E. and Jacklin - C.
Rescorla - R.
Lerner - M.
Bekesy -G.

23. Developed opponent process theory of color vision
Hering - E.
Wilson - E. O.
Petty - R. - Cacioppo - J.
Mischel - W.

24. Suggested that gender differences in conformity were not due to gender per se - but to differing social roles.
Clark - K. - Clark - M.
Eagly - A.
Wilson - E. O.
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.

25. Suggested that masculinity and femininity were two separate dimensions; concept of androgyny
Sherrington - C.
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.
Bem - S.

26. Studied need for achievement (nAch)
McClelland - D.
Hering - E.
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
Swets - John A.

27. Performed prison simulation and used concept of deindividuation to explain results
Zimbardo - P.
Wernicke - C.
McGuire - W.
Guilford - J.

28. Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived
Darwin - C.
Luchins - A.
Craik - F. and Lockhart - R.
Whorf - B.

29. Developed the visual cliff apparatus - which is used to study the development of depth perception
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Yerkes - R. and Dodson - J.
Garcia - J.
von Frisch - K.

30. Canadian neurosurgeon who used electrodes and electrical stimulation techniques to 'map' out different parts of the brain during surgery
Penfield - W.
Kernberg - O.
Whorf - B.
Heider - F.

31. Proposed filter theory of attention
Broadbent - D.
Sternberg - R.
Milner - B.
Wilson - E. O.

32. Proposed the James-Lange two-factor theory of emotions
James - W. and Lange - C.
Berkeley - G.
Luria - A.
Horney - K.

33. Proposed theory of evolution and natural selection as its centerpiece
Darwin - C.
Maslow - A.
Broadbent - D.
Klein - M.

34. Developed elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (central and peripheral routes to persuasion)
Thorndike - E.
Petty - R. - Cacioppo - J.
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.
Helmholtz - H.

35. Behaviorist theorist who attempted to study psychoanalytic concepts within a behaviorist framework; also known for their work on approach-avoidance conflicts
Dollard - J. and Miller - N.
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Kandel - E.
Kohler - W.

36. Outlined eight stages of psychosocial development overing the lifespan
Bem - D.
Jung - C.
Cattell - R.
Erikson - E.

37. Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Penfield - W.
Garcia - J.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.

38. Studied obedience by asking subjects to administer electroshock; proposed stimulus-overload theory to explain differences between city and country dwellers
Macoby - E. and Jacklin - C.
Whorf - B.
Milgram - S.
Broadbent - D.

39. Distinguished between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence; studied transformational rules that could be used to transform one sentence into another
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.
Kandel - E.
Chomsky - N.

40. Studied field-dependence and field-independence using the rod and frame test
Witkin - H.
Kandel - E.
Klein - M.
Stevens - S. S.

41. Object-relations theorist
Penfield - W.
Winnicott - D.W.
Broadbent - D.
Schachter - S.

42. Developed cognitive dissonance theory - also developed social comparison theory
Broadbent - D.
Wilson - E. O.
Festinger - L.
Darwin - C.

43. Used factor analysis to study primary mental abilities - factors more specific than g but more general than s
Witkin - H.
Thurstone - L.
Milner - B.
Winnicott - D.W.

44. Studied attitude change
Luchins - A.
Hovland - C.
Sherif - M.
Garcia - J.

45. Developed sociobiology
Wilson - E. O.
Whorf - B.
Mischel - W.
Wolpe - J.

46. Behaviorist theorist known for his social learning theory; did modeling experiment using punching bag ('Bobo' doll)
Hovland - C.
Sperling - G.
Maslow - A.
Bandura - A.

47. Discovered the basic principles of classical conditioning
Eagly - A.
Cannon - W.
Darley - J. - Latane - B.
Pavlov - I.

48. Developed ______ law as an alternative to Fechner'S Law
Stevens - S. S.
Fechner - G.
Zajonc. R.
Olds - J. - and Milner - P.

49. Developed method of systematic desensitization to eliminate problems
Fechner - G.
Wolpe - J.
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Maslow - A.

50. Studied insights in problem solving
Kohler - W.
Pavlov - I.
Rescorla - R.
Kelly - G.