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GRE Psychology: Important Names

Instructions:

Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.

1. Ethologist who studied communication in honey bees
Darley - J. - Latane - B.
Broadbent - D.
Gardner - H.
von Frisch - K.

2. Object-relations theorist
Bem - S.
Thurstone - L.
Wever - E. and Bray - C.
Winnicott - D.W.

3. Originator of psychodynamic approach to personality
Freud - S.
Stevens - S. S.
McClelland - D.
Klein - M.

4. Outlined eight stages of psychosocial development overing the lifespan
Craik - F. and Lockhart - R.
Erikson - E.
Rogers - C.
Festinger - L.

5. Proposed filter theory of attention
von Frisch - K.
Broadbent - D.
Klein - M.
Bartlett - F.

6. Developed principles of operant conditioning; _______ Box (rats)
Skinner - B.F.
Janis - I.
Fechner - G.
Hovland - C.

7. Developed sociobiology
Swets - John A.
Gibson - J.
Wilson - E. O.
Rescorla - R.

8. Developed balance theory to explain why attitudes change; also developed attribution theory and divided attributions into two categories: dispositional and situational
Gibson - J.
Whorf - B.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.
Heider - F.

9. Studied relationship between anxiety and the need for affiliation
Asch - S.
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
Bem - D.
Schachter - S.

10. Proposed theory of evolution and natural selection as its centerpiece
Guilford - J.
Cattell - R.
Darwin - C.
Asch - S.

11. Proposed the Schachter-Singer two-factory theory of emotions
Schachter - S. and Singer - J.
Kahneman - D. and Tversky - A.
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.
Kluver - H. and Bucy - P.

12. Devised divergent thinking test to measure creativity
Kluver - H. and Bucy - P.
Guilford - J.
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.

13. Proposed gate theory of pain
Cattell - R.
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.
Maslow - A.
Miller - G.

14. Proposed the law of effect; used puzzle boxes to study problem solving in cats
Ebbinghaus - H.
Hall - E.
Thorndike - E.
Spearman - C.

15. Used autokinetic effect to study conformity; also performed Robber'S Cave experiment and found that having superordinate goals increased intergroup cooperation
Winnicott - D.W.
Craik - F. and Lockhart - R.
Milner - B.
Sherif - M.

16. Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived
Whorf - B.
Sternberg - R.
Heider - F.
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.

17. Attempted to relate somatotype (body type) to personality type
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Dollard - J. and Miller - N.
Sheldon - W.

18. Developed ______ law as an alternative to Fechner'S Law
Horney - K.
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Stevens - S. S.
Newcomb - T.

19. Proposed the James-Lange two-factor theory of emotions
Sternberg - R.
Festinger - L.
Wever - E. and Bray - C.
James - W. and Lange - C.

20. Propsed gain-loss principle (an evaluation that changes will have more effect thatn an evaluation that remains constant)
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
Mischel - W.
Milgram - S.
Thorndike - E.

21. Devised the semantic feature-comparison model of semantic memory
Sherrington - C.
Sheldon - W.
Gibson - E. and Walk - R.
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.

22. Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory
Wilson - E. O.
Jung - C.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.
Ebbinghaus - H.

23. Studied attitude change
Swets - John A.
Freud - S.
Hovland - C.
Bandura - A.

24. Studied political norms
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.
Newcomb - T.
Garcia - J.
Freud - A.

25. Phenomenological personality theorist who developed field theory
Clark - K. - Clark - M.
Lewin - K.
Jung - C.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.

26. Studied insights in problem solving
Janis - I.
Witkin - H.
Lewin - K.
Kohler - W.

27. Suggested that gender differences in conformity were not due to gender per se - but to differing social roles.
Klein - M.
Miller - G.
Eagly - A.
Cannon - W.

28. Demonstrated existence of pleasure center in the brain using 'Self-stimulation' studies in rats
Asch - S.
Yerkes - R. and Dodson - J.
Olds - J. - and Milner - P.
Pavlov - I.

29. Phenomenological personality theorist known for developing a hierarchy of needs and for the concept of self-actualization
Macoby - E. and Jacklin - C.
Maslow - A.
Darley - J. - Latane - B.
Sherif - M.

30. Critic of trait theories of personality
Freud - A.
Mischel - W.
Rescorla - R.
Klein - M.

31. Discovered and studied instinctual drift
Freud - S.
Kohler - W.
Breland - K. and Breland - M.
Zajonc. R.

32. Found that the capacity of short-term memory is seven (plus or minus two) items
Festinger - L.
Miller - G.
Pavlov - I.
Lorenz - K.

33. Studied feature detection in visual cortex and discovered simple - complex and hypercomplex cells
Hubel - D. and Wiesel - T.
Kelly - G.
Festinger - L.
Janis - I.

34. Trait theorist who proposed two main dimensions on which human personalities differ: introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-neuroticism
Smith - E. -Shoben - E. - and Rips - L.
Kahneman - D. and Tversky - A.
Hall - E.
Eysenck - H.

35. Studied severe anterograde amnesia in H.M. - a patient whose hippocampus and temporal lobes were removed surgically to control epilepsy
Freud - S.
Sternberg - R.
Milner - B.
Wever - E. and Bray - C.

36. Distinguished between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence; studied transformational rules that could be used to transform one sentence into another
Kandel - E.
Chomsky - N.
Zajonc. R.
Berkeley - G.

37. Used the water-jar problem to study the effect of mental sets on problem solving
Luchins - A.
Rogers - C.
Gardner - H.
Rescorla - R.

38. English physiologist who first inferred the existence of synapse
Pavlov - I.
Sherrington - C.
Hall - E.
Dollard - J. and Miller - N.

39. Developed method of systematic desensitization to eliminate problems
Wolpe - J.
Thurstone - L.
Kohler - W.
Kahneman - D. and Tversky - A.

40. Suggested that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing (PDP)
Sternberg - R.
Heider - F.
McClelland - J. and Rumelhart - D.
Tinbergen - N.

41. Psychodynamic theorist best known for concept of inferiority complex
Cattell - R.
Wilson - E. O.
Bem - S.
Adler - A.

42. Performed experiements which showed that contiguity could not fully explain classical conditioning; proposed contingency theory of classical conditioning
Rescorla - R.
Collins - A. and Loftus - E.
Zajonc. R.
Darwin - C.

43. Canadian neurosurgeon who used electrodes and electrical stimulation techniques to 'map' out different parts of the brain during surgery
Penfield - W.
Janis - I.
Witkin - H.
Tinbergen - N.

44. Founder of ego psychology
Luria - A.
Freud - A.
Guilford - J.
Allport - G.

45. Investigated functional differences between left and right cerebral hemispheres using 'Split-brain' studies
Wever - E. and Bray - C.
Sperry - R. and Gazzaniga - M.
Clark - K. - Clark - M.
Maslow - A.

46. Studied eyewitness memory and concluded that our memories can be altered by presenting new information or by asking misleading questions
Garcia - J.
Hering - E.
Bandura - A.
Loftus - E.

47. Demonstrated that simple learning bx in sea snails (Aplysia) is associated with changes in neurotransmission
Sherif - M.
Kandel - E.
Freud - S.
Sheldon - W.

48. Refined ROC curves in signal detection theory
Hering - E.
Petty - R. - Cacioppo - J.
Aronson - E. - Linder - D.
Swets - John A.

49. Russian neurologist who studied how brain damage leads to impairment in sensory - motor - and language functions
Bandura - A.
Luria - A.
Lewin - K.
Winnicott - D.W.

50. Proposed dual-code hypothesis
Zajonc. R.
Melzack - R. and Wall - P.
Maslow - A.
Paivio - A.