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GRE Psychology: Important Names

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Trait theorist who used factor analysis to study personality. Divided intelligence into fluid and crystallized and looked at how they change throughout the lifespan






2. Developed theory of isomorphism






3. Distinguished between the surface structure and deep structure of a sentence; studied transformational rules that could be used to transform one sentence into another






4. Studied conformity by asking subjects to compare the lengths of lines.






5. Phenomenological theorist who found empathy - congruence - and unconditional positive regards to be important aspects; person-centered






6. Investigated the use of heuristics in decision making ; studied the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic






7. Developed the levels-of-processing theory of memory as an alternative to the stage theory of memory






8. Demonstrated existence of pleasure center in the brain using 'Self-stimulation' studies in rats






9. Developed method of systematic desensitization to eliminate problems






10. Trait theorist known for concept of functional autonomy; also distinguished between idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality






11. Proposed that there were two factors that could lead to non-helping: social influence and diffusion of responsibility






12. Performed study on doll preferences in African-American children; the results were used in the 1954 Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education Supreme Court case.






13. Proposed gate theory of pain






14. Studied memory using nonsense syllables and the method of savings






15. Developed a list of depth cues that help us to perceive depth






16. Suggested that individual differences in intelligence were largely due to differences in amount of a general factor called g






17. Suggested that gender differences in conformity were not due to gender per se - but to differing social roles.






18. Studied loss of normal fear and rage reactions in monkeys resulting from damage to temporal lobes; also studied in amygdala'S role in emotions






19. Studied depth cues (esp. texture gradients) that help us to perceive depths






20. Developed balance theory to explain why attitudes change; also developed attribution theory and divided attributions into two categories: dispositional and situational






21. Studied need for achievement (nAch)






22. Suggested that masculinity and femininity were two separate dimensions; concept of androgyny






23. Suggested _______ Principle: that a more-preferred activity could be used to reinforce a less-preferred activity






24. Studied obedience by asking subjects to administer electroshock; proposed stimulus-overload theory to explain differences between city and country dwellers






25. Ethologist who studied communication in honey bees






26. English physiologist who first inferred the existence of synapse






27. Proposed triarchic theory that divides intelligence into three types: componential - experiential - and contextual






28. Empirical studies led to traveling wave theory of pitch perception which - at least partially - supported by Helmholtz'S place-resonance theory






29. Behaviorist theorist who attempted to study psychoanalytic concepts within a behaviorist framework; also known for their work on approach-avoidance conflicts






30. Canadian neurosurgeon who used electrodes and electrical stimulation techniques to 'map' out different parts of the brain during surgery






31. Studied political norms






32. Suggested that the brain processes information using parallel distributed processing (PDP)






33. Trait theorist who proposed two main dimensions on which human personalities differ: introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-neuroticism






34. Psychodynamic theorist who broke with Freud over the concept of libido; suggested that the unconscious should be divided into the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious - with archetypes being in the collective unconscious.






35. Psychodynamic theorist who suggested that there were three ways to relate to others: moving toward - moving against - moving away from






36. Object-relations theorist






37. Developed the visual cliff apparatus - which is used to study the development of depth perception






38. Studied the norms for interpersonal distance in interpersonal interactions






39. Proposed volley theory of pitch perception in response to a criticism of the freqency theory of pitch perception






40. Propsed gain-loss principle (an evaluation that changes will have more effect thatn an evaluation that remains constant)






41. Devised the spreading activation model of semantic memory






42. Hypothesized that language determines how reality is perceived






43. Proposed theory of evolution and natural selection as its centerpiece






44. Ethologists who introduced experimental methods into field situations






45. Developed ______-______ Law which states that performance is best at intermediate levels of arounsal






46. Used factor analysis to study primary mental abilities - factors more specific than g but more general than s






47. Proposed the Schachter-Singer two-factory theory of emotions






48. Discovered and studied instinctual drift






49. Russian neurologist who studied how brain damage leads to impairment in sensory - motor - and language functions






50. Proposed a theory of multiple intelligences that divides intelligence into seven different types - all of which are equally important; traditional IQ tests measure only two of the seven types







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