Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated






2. Linking a series of behaviours that result in reinforcement - one behaviour triggers the next (e.g. learning the alphabet)






3. Students working on a project in small groups






4. School of behaviourism






5. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again






6. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






7. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult






8. Animals strongly and automatically connect nausea and food - especially strong in children; preparedness






9. Shaping; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






10. Learning by watching






11. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward






12. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






13. In classical conditioning - the inability to infer a relationship between a stimulus and response due to the presence of a more prominent stimulus






14. Theory of association






15. Law of effect






16. Lewin - grouping based on co-occurence in time and space; associate certain behaviours with certain rewards and cues






17. Performance = Drive x Habit; will do what has worked in the past to satisfy drive






18. Naturally occurring response (e.g. salivation to food)






19. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture






20. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






21. Set of characteristics indicative of one'S ability to learn






22. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful






23. Operant conditioning






24. Higher arousal for simple tasks (motivation) - lower arousal for complex tasks (concentration); optimal arousal is an inverted U on a graph - Y-axis: performance - X-axis: arousal - Difficult task --> upside-down U shape - Simple task --> reaches pea






25. The failure to generalize a stimulus






26. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes






27. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






28. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






29. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour






30. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard






31. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water






32. How to avoid something undesirable






33. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed






34. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


35. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)






36. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)






37. Differential reinforcement of successive approximations; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






38. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






39. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






40. Neutral stimulus once paired with UCS; no naturally occurring response - only with UCS pairing (e.g. light (CS) eventually produces salivation)






41. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






42. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


43. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation






44. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






45. Disassociate car from vet by taking dog on frequent car trip to the park






46. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






47. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour






48. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning






49. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






50. Performance = Expectation x Value; expectancy-value theory; goals they expect they can meet and how important goal is