SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Learning
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)
Edward Tolman
Variable ratio schedule
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
Response learning
2. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely
John Atkinson
Overshadowing
John Garcia
Forward Conditioning (types)
3. Parents reduce temper in child by not giving into - reinforcing behavior
Backward Conditioning
Token economy
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Stimulus generalization
4. Thorndike - precursor of operant conditioning - Cause-and-effect chain of behaviour; continue what rewards - stop what doesn'T
Law of effect
Habituation
Victor Vroom
Aversive conditioning
5. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Secondary Reinforcement
Victor Vroom
Stimulus generalization
6. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food
Neil Miller
John Garcia
Variable ratio schedule
Hedonism
7. Approach-avoidance conflict; state felt when a goal has both pros and cons - typically focus on pros when far from goal - cons when close to goal
Learning curve
Edward Tolman
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Neil Miller
8. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards
Fixed interval schedule
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Garcia effect
Secondary Reinforcement
9. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable
Premack principle
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Positive Reinforcement
John B. Watson
10. Experiment shows that there is electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain used as positive reinforcement - this is evidence against drive-reduction theory
Hedonism
M.E. Olds
Forward Conditioning (types)
Superstitious behaviour
11. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)
Primary Reinforcement
Extinction
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
12. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted
Variable ratio schedule
Thorndike (book)
Token economy
Conditioned Response (CR)
13. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour
B. F. Skinner
Trace conditioning
Fixed interval schedule
Kurt Lewin
14. Performance = Expectation x Value; expectancy-value theory; goals they expect they can meet and how important goal is
Drive-reduction theory
Edward Tolman
Simultaneous Conditioning
Kurt Lewin
15. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation
Trace conditioning
Higher-Order conditioning
Drive-reduction theories
Second-Order conditioning
16. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture
Garcia effect
B. F. Skinner
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
Social learning theory
17. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess
Operant conditioning
Latent learning
Neil Miller
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
18. Part of motivation. One must be adequately aroused to learn or perform
Arousal
Edward Tolman
Conditioned Response (CR)
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
19. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.
Kurt Lewin
Fritz Heider'S balance theory
Stimulus discrimination
Basic types of drives
20. Operant conditioning
Punishment
B. F. Skinner
Undergeneralization
Preparedness
21. Linking a series of behaviours that result in reinforcement - one behaviour triggers the next (e.g. learning the alphabet)
Superstitious behaviour
Chaining
Simultaneous Conditioning
Stimulus discrimination
22. Naturally occurring response (e.g. salivation to food)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Hedonism
Age affects learning
State dependent learning
23. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism
Example theories and problem?
Observational learning
Aversive conditioning
Scaffolding learning
24. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)
Token economy
Conditioned Response (CR)
Example theories and problem?
Types of classical conditioning
25. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful
Scaffolding learning
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Observational learning
Donald Hebb
26. Students working on a project in small groups
Cooperative learning
Basic types of drives
Premack principle
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
27. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
28. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
29. Animals strongly and automatically connect nausea and food - especially strong in children; preparedness
Garcia effect
Forward Conditioning (types)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Kurt Lewin
30. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour
Learning
Variable interval schedule
Incidental learning
Yerkes-Dodson effect
31. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult
Age affects learning
Shaping
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Negative transfer
32. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented
Undergeneralization
Variable ratio schedule
Delayed conditioning
B. F. Skinner
33. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes
Social learning theory
Thorndike (book)
Educational psychology
B. F. Skinner
34. The failure to generalize a stimulus
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Variable ratio schedule
Undergeneralization
Drive-reduction theories
35. Lewin - grouping based on co-occurence in time and space; associate certain behaviours with certain rewards and cues
Autoshaping
Latent learning
Theory of association
Negative transfer
36. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
Incidental learning
Thorndike (book)
Secondary Reinforcement
37. Performance = Drive x Habit; will do what has worked in the past to satisfy drive
Extinction
Clark Hull
Chaining
Scaffolding learning
38. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward
Types of classical conditioning
Chaining
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
Premack principle
39. Not-so-neutral stimulus - elicits response without conditioning (e.g. salivation)
Delayed conditioning
Latent learning
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Stimulus discrimination
40. In classical conditioning - the inability to infer a relationship between a stimulus and response due to the presence of a more prominent stimulus
Classical conditioning
Overshadowing
Neil Miller
Yerkes-Dodson effect
41. Learning curve
Learning
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Age affects learning
Hermann Ebbinghaus
42. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again
Spontaneous recovery
Skinner box
Donald Hebb
State dependent learning
43. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Conditioned Response (CR)
State dependent learning
John Atkinson
44. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience
Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Learning
45. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue
Hedonism
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Extinction
Overshadowing
46. Individuals are motivated by what brings most pleasure and least pain
Clark Hull
Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory
Hedonism
Overshadowing
47. Individuals in the environment are motivated by secondary reinforcers; e.g. tokens in prisons - rehab - etc. - cashed in for more primary reinforcers (e.g. candy - books - privileges)
Basic types of drives
Token economy
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Positive transfer
48. Theory of association
Kurt Lewin
Neil Miller
Positive transfer
Behaviourism
49. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour
Edward Tolman
Autoshaping
Chaining
Neil Miller
50. Skinner - instrumental conditioning; behaviour primarily influenced by reinforcement strategies - do what rewards - not what doesn'T
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Learning curve
Secondary Reinforcement
Operant conditioning
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests