SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Learning
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lewin - grouping based on co-occurence in time and space; associate certain behaviours with certain rewards and cues
Kurt Lewin
Fixed ratio schedule
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Theory of association
2. Operant conditioning
B. F. Skinner
Scaffolding learning
Forward Conditioning (types)
Latent learning
3. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)
John B. Watson
Learning
Second-Order conditioning
Extinction (classical conditioning)
4. Reward or positive event that increases likelihood of a particular response
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Positive Reinforcement
Preparedness
5. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted
Basic types of drives
Second-Order conditioning
Operant conditioning
Variable ratio schedule
6. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Henry Murray - David McClelland
M.E. Olds
Fixed interval schedule
7. Teach to performance a desired behaviour to get away from a negative stimulus
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Incidental learning
Escape conditioning
Edward Tolman
8. Individuals in the environment are motivated by secondary reinforcers; e.g. tokens in prisons - rehab - etc. - cashed in for more primary reinforcers (e.g. candy - books - privileges)
Victor Vroom
Extinction
Observational learning
Token economy
9. School of behaviourism
John B. Watson
Undergeneralization
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Extinction
10. Learning about something in general (history) for knowledge rather than learning-specific stimulus-response chains (e.g. Tolman'S experiments with animals forming cognitive maps of mazes rather than simple escape routes)
Drive-reduction theory
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
Negative Reinforcement
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
11. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Higher-Order conditioning
Primary Reinforcement
B. F. Skinner
12. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.
Aversive conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Escape conditioning
Basic types of drives
13. Does not produce a specific response on its own (e.g. light or bell)
Preparedness
Variable ratio schedule
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Thorndike (book)
14. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again
Positive Reinforcement
Spontaneous recovery
Extinction
Undergeneralization
15. Theory of association
Kurt Lewin
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
E. L. Thorndike
Hedonism
16. Law of effect
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Types of classical conditioning
E. L. Thorndike
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
17. Higher arousal for simple tasks (motivation) - lower arousal for complex tasks (concentration); optimal arousal is an inverted U on a graph - Y-axis: performance - X-axis: arousal - Difficult task --> upside-down U shape - Simple task --> reaches pea
Yerkes-Dodson effect
Skinner box
Cooperative learning
Second-Order conditioning
18. Evoking responses of autonomic nervous system through training
Neil Miller
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Extinction
Edward Tolman
19. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes
Operant conditioning
Educational psychology
Habituation
M.E. Olds
20. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning
Trace conditioning
Simultaneous Conditioning
Backward Conditioning
Delayed conditioning
21. Performance = Expectation x Value; expectancy-value theory; goals they expect they can meet and how important goal is
Aversive conditioning
Edward Tolman
Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory
Learning curve
22. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation
Backward Conditioning
John Atkinson
Hedonism
Trace conditioning
23. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated
Punishment
Learning curve
Donald Hebb
Simultaneous Conditioning
24. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)
Higher-Order conditioning
Negative transfer
Age affects learning
Hermann Ebbinghaus
25. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing
Primary Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
B. F. Skinner
26. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching
Educational psychology
Sensitization
Thorndike (book)
Learning curve
27. Approach-avoidance conflict; state felt when a goal has both pros and cons - typically focus on pros when far from goal - cons when close to goal
Chaining
Neil Miller
Clark Hull
Thorndike (book)
28. Learning curve
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Latent learning
Social learning theory
Learning curve
29. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult
Negative transfer
Forward Conditioning (types)
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Ivan Pavlov
30. Pairing of the CS and the UCS in which the CS is presented before the UCS - delayed conditioning and trace conditioning
Forward Conditioning (types)
Negative Reinforcement
Operant conditioning
Fixed ratio schedule
31. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward
Sensitization
Types of classical conditioning
Habituation
Thorndike (book)
32. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour
Punishment
Autoshaping
M.E. Olds
Token economy
33. Parents reduce temper in child by not giving into - reinforcing behavior
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Primary Reinforcement
Classical conditioning
34. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement
Skinner box
Stimulus discrimination
Victor Vroom
Educational psychology
35. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?
Negative transfer
Scaffolding learning
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Example theories and problem?
36. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
37. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
38. Previous learning helps learning of another task later
Forward Conditioning (types)
Positive transfer
Aptitude
Token economy
39. The failure to generalize a stimulus
Basic types of drives
Undergeneralization
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
Autoshaping
40. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess
Stimulus generalization
Preparedness
Latent learning
Types of classical conditioning
41. Not-so-neutral stimulus - elicits response without conditioning (e.g. salivation)
Variable ratio schedule
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Trace conditioning
Stimulus generalization
42. UCS and CS presented at the same time
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Simultaneous Conditioning
Classical conditioning
43. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)
Thorndike (book)
Stimulus generalization
Punishment
Response learning
44. 'learning' that a specific action causes an event - when in reality the two are unrelated
Forward Conditioning (types)
Thorndike (book)
Superstitious behaviour
Extinction
45. Disassociate car from vet by taking dog on frequent car trip to the park
Secondary Reinforcement
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Drive-reduction theory
46. Removal of a negative event that increases likelihood of a particular response; while punishment introduces a negative event to decrease likelihood of a response
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Negative Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Stimulus generalization
47. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+
Age affects learning
Preparedness
Positive transfer
B. F. Skinner
48. Watson - everything can be explained by stimulus-response chains - chains are developed by conditioning; only objective and observable elements important
Aversive conditioning
Positive transfer
Learning
Behaviourism
49. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed
Thorndike (book)
Overshadowing
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Scaffolding learning
50. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired
Preparedness
Undergeneralization
Yerkes-Dodson effect
Second-Order conditioning
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests