Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experiment shows that there is electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain used as positive reinforcement - this is evidence against drive-reduction theory






2. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






3. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






4. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






5. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour






6. Pairing of the CS and the UCS in which the CS is presented before the UCS - delayed conditioning and trace conditioning






7. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






8. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






9. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






10. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism






11. Not-so-neutral stimulus - elicits response without conditioning (e.g. salivation)






12. Watson - everything can be explained by stimulus-response chains - chains are developed by conditioning; only objective and observable elements important






13. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run






14. Animals strongly and automatically connect nausea and food - especially strong in children; preparedness






15. Learning about something in general (history) for knowledge rather than learning-specific stimulus-response chains (e.g. Tolman'S experiments with animals forming cognitive maps of mazes rather than simple escape routes)






16. Learning by watching






17. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour






18. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely






19. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






20. Skinner - instrumental conditioning; behaviour primarily influenced by reinforcement strategies - do what rewards - not what doesn'T






21. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)






22. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)






23. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






24. Differential reinforcement of successive approximations; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






25. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food






26. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)






27. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)






28. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






29. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning






30. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented






31. Medium amount of arousal best for performance






32. Teach to performance a desired behaviour to get away from a negative stimulus






33. The failure to generalize a stimulus






34. Law of effect






35. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






36. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?






37. Previous learning helps learning of another task later






38. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.






39. Performance = Expectation x Value; expectancy-value theory; goals they expect they can meet and how important goal is






40. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






41. Evoking responses of autonomic nervous system through training






42. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful






43. Reward or positive event that increases likelihood of a particular response






44. Students working on a project in small groups






45. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






46. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


47. Learning curve






48. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess






49. Operant conditioning






50. Increased sensitivity to environment after exposure to a strong stimulus - Rubbing arm after pain?







Sorry!:) No result found.

Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?


Let me suggest you:

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests



Major Subjects

Tests & Exams


AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT

Browse all subjects

Browse all tests

Most popular tests