SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Learning
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The failure to generalize a stimulus
Chaining
Conditioned Response (CR)
Theory of association
Undergeneralization
2. Individuals in the environment are motivated by secondary reinforcers; e.g. tokens in prisons - rehab - etc. - cashed in for more primary reinforcers (e.g. candy - books - privileges)
Response learning
Token economy
Preparedness
Educational psychology
3. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning
E. L. Thorndike
Basic types of drives
Ivan Pavlov
Types of classical conditioning
4. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)
Stimulus generalization
Fixed interval schedule
Operant conditioning
Henry Murray - David McClelland
5. Set of characteristics indicative of one'S ability to learn
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Hedonism
Aptitude
6. UCS and CS presented at the same time
Superstitious behaviour
Simultaneous Conditioning
Conditioned Response (CR)
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
7. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Autoshaping
Negative transfer
8. Ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli (door bell is different from phone ringing)
Superstitious behaviour
Fixed ratio schedule
Chaining
Stimulus discrimination
9. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Trace conditioning
10. Not all correct responses met with reinforcement; slower but more resistant; fixed ratio - variable ratio - fixed interval - variable interval; variable is best because it is unexpected - ratio gives better response since based on # of correct behavi
John Garcia
Variable ratio schedule
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Types of classical conditioning
11. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
Variable ratio schedule
12. In classical conditioning - the inability to infer a relationship between a stimulus and response due to the presence of a more prominent stimulus
Stimulus generalization
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Learning curve
Overshadowing
13. Learning about something in general (history) for knowledge rather than learning-specific stimulus-response chains (e.g. Tolman'S experiments with animals forming cognitive maps of mazes rather than simple escape routes)
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
Types of classical conditioning
Negative transfer
Positive Reinforcement
14. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+
Age affects learning
Hedonism
State dependent learning
Example theories and problem?
15. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement
Neil Miller
Ivan Pavlov
Skinner box
Henry Murray - David McClelland
16. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour
Arousal
Positive transfer
Fritz Heider'S balance theory
Fixed interval schedule
17. School of behaviourism
Skinner box
Donald Hebb
Educational psychology
John B. Watson
18. Reward or positive event that increases likelihood of a particular response
Sensitization
Behaviourism
Conditioned Response (CR)
Positive Reinforcement
19. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented
Extinction
Shaping
Delayed conditioning
Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory
20. Removal of a negative event that increases likelihood of a particular response; while punishment introduces a negative event to decrease likelihood of a response
Avoidance conditioning
Premack principle
Negative Reinforcement
Token economy
21. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Victor Vroom
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
22. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
23. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.
Learning curve
Basic types of drives
Punishment
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
24. Differential reinforcement of successive approximations; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)
Thorndike (book)
Shaping
Aversive conditioning
John Garcia
25. Medium amount of arousal best for performance
Donald Hebb
Simultaneous Conditioning
Victor Vroom
Spontaneous recovery
26. Students working on a project in small groups
Drive-reduction theory
Donald Hebb
Cooperative learning
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
27. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
Learning curve
Negative transfer
John Atkinson
28. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess
Cooperative learning
Overshadowing
Latent learning
Fixed ratio schedule
29. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation
E. L. Thorndike
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Drive-reduction theories
Punishment
30. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Premack principle
Negative transfer
Primary Reinforcement
31. Individuals are motivated by what brings most pleasure and least pain
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Yerkes-Dodson effect
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
Hedonism
32. Naturally occurring response (e.g. salivation to food)
Social learning theory
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Drive-reduction theories
33. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
34. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Habituation
Incidental learning
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
35. Motivation to reduce internal tension - once satisfied - back to homeostasis/ relaxation; against M.E. Olds electrical stimulation of pleasure centres
Negative Reinforcement
Drive-reduction theory
Preparedness
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
36. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)
Negative Reinforcement
Scaffolding learning
Shaping
Second-Order conditioning
37. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Delayed conditioning
Example theories and problem?
38. Linking a series of behaviours that result in reinforcement - one behaviour triggers the next (e.g. learning the alphabet)
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
M.E. Olds
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
Chaining
39. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism
Theory of association
Drive-reduction theory
Stimulus generalization
Aversive conditioning
40. Approach-avoidance conflict; state felt when a goal has both pros and cons - typically focus on pros when far from goal - cons when close to goal
Conditioned Response (CR)
Theory of association
Neil Miller
Backward Conditioning
41. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired
Thorndike (book)
Preparedness
Clark Hull
Habituation
42. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Incidental learning
Kurt Lewin
Scaffolding learning
43. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward
Yerkes-Dodson effect
Sensitization
Types of classical conditioning
Classical conditioning
44. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Token economy
Higher-Order conditioning
Fixed interval schedule
45. Disassociate car from vet by taking dog on frequent car trip to the park
Extinction (classical conditioning)
M.E. Olds
Incidental learning
Overshadowing
46. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable
Preparedness
Aversive conditioning
Incidental learning
Premack principle
47. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing
Law of effect
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
48. Previous learning helps learning of another task later
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Positive transfer
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Punishment
49. Evoking responses of autonomic nervous system through training
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
Token economy
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
50. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Drive-reduction theories
Spontaneous recovery
Token economy
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests