Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely






2. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess






3. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


4. How to avoid something undesirable






5. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult






6. Students working on a project in small groups






7. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard






8. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state






9. Not all correct responses met with reinforcement; slower but more resistant; fixed ratio - variable ratio - fixed interval - variable interval; variable is best because it is unexpected - ratio gives better response since based on # of correct behavi






10. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired






11. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)






12. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


13. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






14. Skinner - instrumental conditioning; behaviour primarily influenced by reinforcement strategies - do what rewards - not what doesn'T






15. School of behaviourism






16. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour






17. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement






18. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward






19. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






20. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






21. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






22. Operant conditioning






23. Part of motivation. One must be adequately aroused to learn or perform






24. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation






25. Theory of association






26. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour






27. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water






28. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)






29. Medium amount of arousal best for performance






30. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+






31. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






32. Reinforcement delivered after a consistent number of responses; vulnerable to extinction






33. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






34. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






35. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated






36. Set of characteristics indicative of one'S ability to learn






37. Watson - everything can be explained by stimulus-response chains - chains are developed by conditioning; only objective and observable elements important






38. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour






39. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






40. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed






41. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes






42. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






43. Individuals are motivated by what brings most pleasure and least pain






44. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)






45. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run






46. Learning curve






47. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






48. Differential reinforcement of successive approximations; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






49. Neutral stimulus once paired with UCS; no naturally occurring response - only with UCS pairing (e.g. light (CS) eventually produces salivation)






50. Approach-avoidance conflict; state felt when a goal has both pros and cons - typically focus on pros when far from goal - cons when close to goal