Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food






2. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






3. School of behaviourism






4. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired






5. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)






6. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






7. Operant conditioning






8. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated






9. Differential reinforcement of successive approximations; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






10. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess






11. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture






12. Animals strongly and automatically connect nausea and food - especially strong in children; preparedness






13. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


14. Does not produce a specific response on its own (e.g. light or bell)






15. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed






16. Theory of association






17. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard






18. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward






19. Medium amount of arousal best for performance






20. Not all correct responses met with reinforcement; slower but more resistant; fixed ratio - variable ratio - fixed interval - variable interval; variable is best because it is unexpected - ratio gives better response since based on # of correct behavi






21. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






22. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


23. Ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli (door bell is different from phone ringing)






24. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water






25. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning






26. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism






27. Reward or positive event that increases likelihood of a particular response






28. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






29. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






30. Parents reduce temper in child by not giving into - reinforcing behavior






31. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement






32. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult






33. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)






34. Motivation to reduce internal tension - once satisfied - back to homeostasis/ relaxation; against M.E. Olds electrical stimulation of pleasure centres






35. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+






36. Students working on a project in small groups






37. UCS and CS presented at the same time






38. Law of effect






39. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation






40. The failure to generalize a stimulus






41. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






42. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?






43. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)






44. Individuals in the environment are motivated by secondary reinforcers; e.g. tokens in prisons - rehab - etc. - cashed in for more primary reinforcers (e.g. candy - books - privileges)






45. Evoking responses of autonomic nervous system through training






46. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run






47. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely






48. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






49. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour






50. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183