Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






2. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour






3. Theory of association






4. Lewin - grouping based on co-occurence in time and space; associate certain behaviours with certain rewards and cues






5. 'learning' that a specific action causes an event - when in reality the two are unrelated






6. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






7. Not-so-neutral stimulus - elicits response without conditioning (e.g. salivation)






8. Teach to performance a desired behaviour to get away from a negative stimulus






9. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


10. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard






11. Learning about something in general (history) for knowledge rather than learning-specific stimulus-response chains (e.g. Tolman'S experiments with animals forming cognitive maps of mazes rather than simple escape routes)






12. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






13. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes






14. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food






15. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


16. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






17. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated






18. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






19. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water






20. The failure to generalize a stimulus






21. Reinforcement delivered after a consistent number of responses; vulnerable to extinction






22. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?






23. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






24. In classical conditioning - the inability to infer a relationship between a stimulus and response due to the presence of a more prominent stimulus






25. Medium amount of arousal best for performance






26. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.






27. Pairing of the CS and the UCS in which the CS is presented before the UCS - delayed conditioning and trace conditioning






28. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture






29. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






30. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






31. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


32. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






33. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state






34. Thorndike - precursor of operant conditioning - Cause-and-effect chain of behaviour; continue what rewards - stop what doesn'T






35. Students working on a project in small groups






36. Does not produce a specific response on its own (e.g. light or bell)






37. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






38. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






39. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult






40. Operant conditioning






41. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour






42. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful






43. Removal of a negative event that increases likelihood of a particular response; while punishment introduces a negative event to decrease likelihood of a response






44. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired






45. Experiment shows that there is electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain used as positive reinforcement - this is evidence against drive-reduction theory






46. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






47. Motivation to reduce internal tension - once satisfied - back to homeostasis/ relaxation; against M.E. Olds electrical stimulation of pleasure centres






48. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour






49. School of behaviourism






50. How to avoid something undesirable