SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Learning
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess
Latent learning
Classical conditioning
Example theories and problem?
Edward Tolman
2. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards
Secondary Reinforcement
Clark Hull
Trace conditioning
Donald Hebb
3. Higher arousal for simple tasks (motivation) - lower arousal for complex tasks (concentration); optimal arousal is an inverted U on a graph - Y-axis: performance - X-axis: arousal - Difficult task --> upside-down U shape - Simple task --> reaches pea
Punishment
Social learning theory
Trace conditioning
Yerkes-Dodson effect
4. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes
Educational psychology
B. F. Skinner
Overshadowing
Stimulus discrimination
5. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run
John Garcia
Donald Hebb
State dependent learning
Punishment
6. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?
Example theories and problem?
Secondary Reinforcement
Behaviourism
Neil Miller
7. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue
Classical conditioning
Extinction
Positive Reinforcement
Preparedness
8. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
E. L. Thorndike
Age affects learning
Extinction
9. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour
M.E. Olds
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Autoshaping
10. Set of characteristics indicative of one'S ability to learn
Aptitude
Hedonism
Learning
Extinction
11. Skinner - instrumental conditioning; behaviour primarily influenced by reinforcement strategies - do what rewards - not what doesn'T
Positive Reinforcement
M.E. Olds
Operant conditioning
Clark Hull
12. The failure to generalize a stimulus
Latent learning
Undergeneralization
Behaviourism
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
13. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired
Fixed interval schedule
Secondary Reinforcement
Preparedness
Operant conditioning
14. Students working on a project in small groups
Cooperative learning
Incidental learning
Clark Hull
Escape conditioning
15. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water
Undergeneralization
Primary Reinforcement
Example theories and problem?
Second-Order conditioning
16. Pairing of the CS and the UCS in which the CS is presented before the UCS - delayed conditioning and trace conditioning
Edward Tolman
Fixed interval schedule
Learning curve
Forward Conditioning (types)
17. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Stimulus discrimination
Overshadowing
18. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again
Operant conditioning
John B. Watson
Spontaneous recovery
Classical conditioning
19. Medium amount of arousal best for performance
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Donald Hebb
Aversive conditioning
Negative transfer
20. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state
Chaining
Secondary Reinforcement
State dependent learning
Henry Murray - David McClelland
21. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning
Forward Conditioning (types)
Backward Conditioning
Chaining
Negative Reinforcement
22. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented
Operant conditioning
Drive-reduction theory
Social learning theory
Delayed conditioning
23. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult
Types of classical conditioning
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Negative transfer
Variable ratio schedule
24. Increased sensitivity to environment after exposure to a strong stimulus - Rubbing arm after pain?
Shaping
Second-Order conditioning
Sensitization
Drive-reduction theories
25. Lewin - grouping based on co-occurence in time and space; associate certain behaviours with certain rewards and cues
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Law of effect
Theory of association
26. Thorndike - precursor of operant conditioning - Cause-and-effect chain of behaviour; continue what rewards - stop what doesn'T
Law of effect
Operant conditioning
Stimulus discrimination
B. F. Skinner
27. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
28. Does not produce a specific response on its own (e.g. light or bell)
Positive transfer
Aptitude
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Example theories and problem?
29. Individuals are motivated by what brings most pleasure and least pain
Negative Reinforcement
Simultaneous Conditioning
Hedonism
Positive Reinforcement
30. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward
Fritz Heider'S balance theory
Shaping
Types of classical conditioning
Response learning
31. Not all correct responses met with reinforcement; slower but more resistant; fixed ratio - variable ratio - fixed interval - variable interval; variable is best because it is unexpected - ratio gives better response since based on # of correct behavi
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Types of classical conditioning
Law of effect
32. Evoking responses of autonomic nervous system through training
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Ivan Pavlov
Clark Hull
Arousal
33. Part of motivation. One must be adequately aroused to learn or perform
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
John B. Watson
Arousal
34. Learning about something in general (history) for knowledge rather than learning-specific stimulus-response chains (e.g. Tolman'S experiments with animals forming cognitive maps of mazes rather than simple escape routes)
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
B. F. Skinner
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
35. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)
Victor Vroom
Operant conditioning
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Law of effect
36. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
John Garcia
Response learning
B. F. Skinner
37. Neutral stimulus once paired with UCS; no naturally occurring response - only with UCS pairing (e.g. light (CS) eventually produces salivation)
Donald Hebb
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Variable ratio schedule
Theory of association
38. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed
Scaffolding learning
Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory
Extinction (classical conditioning)
Overshadowing
39. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful
Educational psychology
Yerkes-Dodson effect
Extinction (operant conditioning)
Henry Murray - David McClelland
40. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement
Stimulus discrimination
Skinner box
Garcia effect
Punishment
41. Operant conditioning
Law of effect
Overshadowing
Types of classical conditioning
B. F. Skinner
42. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Preparedness
Fixed interval schedule
Scaffolding learning
43. Performance = Drive x Habit; will do what has worked in the past to satisfy drive
Clark Hull
Simultaneous Conditioning
Delayed conditioning
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
44. Removal of a negative event that increases likelihood of a particular response; while punishment introduces a negative event to decrease likelihood of a response
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
State dependent learning
Variable ratio schedule
Negative Reinforcement
45. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable
Social learning theory
Aptitude
Premack principle
Extinction (classical conditioning)
46. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation
M.E. Olds
Extinction
Drive-reduction theories
Drive-reduction theory
47. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
Thorndike (book)
Secondary Reinforcement
Social learning theory
48. How to avoid something undesirable
Avoidance conditioning
Simultaneous Conditioning
Autonomic conditioning??? (still need example)
Clark Hull
49. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Response learning
50. Motivation to reduce internal tension - once satisfied - back to homeostasis/ relaxation; against M.E. Olds electrical stimulation of pleasure centres
Positive transfer
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Drive-reduction theory
Response learning
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests