Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented






2. Students working on a project in small groups






3. Law of effect






4. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






5. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour






6. Performance = Expectation x Value; expectancy-value theory; goals they expect they can meet and how important goal is






7. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult






8. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+






9. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess






10. Increased sensitivity to environment after exposure to a strong stimulus - Rubbing arm after pain?






11. Individuals in the environment are motivated by secondary reinforcers; e.g. tokens in prisons - rehab - etc. - cashed in for more primary reinforcers (e.g. candy - books - privileges)






12. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism






13. Learning curve






14. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






15. Naturally occurring response (e.g. salivation to food)






16. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)






17. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






18. Set of characteristics indicative of one'S ability to learn






19. Skinner - instrumental conditioning; behaviour primarily influenced by reinforcement strategies - do what rewards - not what doesn'T






20. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






21. Motivation to reduce internal tension - once satisfied - back to homeostasis/ relaxation; against M.E. Olds electrical stimulation of pleasure centres






22. Thorndike - precursor of operant conditioning - Cause-and-effect chain of behaviour; continue what rewards - stop what doesn'T






23. How to avoid something undesirable






24. School of behaviourism






25. Learning by watching






26. Shaping; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






27. Medium amount of arousal best for performance






28. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful






29. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state






30. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning






31. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






32. Not-so-neutral stimulus - elicits response without conditioning (e.g. salivation)






33. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)






34. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely






35. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired






36. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






37. 'learning' that a specific action causes an event - when in reality the two are unrelated






38. Removal of a negative event that increases likelihood of a particular response; while punishment introduces a negative event to decrease likelihood of a response






39. Reinforcement delivered after a consistent number of responses; vulnerable to extinction






40. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






41. UCS and CS presented at the same time






42. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour






43. Differential reinforcement of successive approximations; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






44. Neutral stimulus once paired with UCS; no naturally occurring response - only with UCS pairing (e.g. light (CS) eventually produces salivation)






45. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


46. Previous learning helps learning of another task later






47. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward






48. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






49. Ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli (door bell is different from phone ringing)






50. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.