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GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful






2. Motivation to reduce internal tension - once satisfied - back to homeostasis/ relaxation; against M.E. Olds electrical stimulation of pleasure centres






3. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






4. Naturally occurring response (e.g. salivation to food)






5. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result

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6. Performance = Drive x Habit; will do what has worked in the past to satisfy drive






7. Reinforcement delivered after a consistent number of responses; vulnerable to extinction






8. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism






9. Individuals are motivated by what brings most pleasure and least pain






10. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






11. Parents reduce temper in child by not giving into - reinforcing behavior






12. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






13. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






14. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again






15. Learning curve






16. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard






17. Linking a series of behaviours that result in reinforcement - one behaviour triggers the next (e.g. learning the alphabet)






18. In classical conditioning - the inability to infer a relationship between a stimulus and response due to the presence of a more prominent stimulus






19. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour






20. Part of motivation. One must be adequately aroused to learn or perform






21. Learning by watching






22. 'learning' that a specific action causes an event - when in reality the two are unrelated






23. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)






24. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

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25. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






26. Reward or positive event that increases likelihood of a particular response






27. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






28. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






29. Not-so-neutral stimulus - elicits response without conditioning (e.g. salivation)






30. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






31. Performance = Expectation x Value; expectancy-value theory; goals they expect they can meet and how important goal is






32. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






33. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run






34. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)






35. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






36. Students working on a project in small groups






37. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water






38. Operant conditioning






39. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess






40. UCS and CS presented at the same time






41. Previous learning helps learning of another task later






42. Medium amount of arousal best for performance






43. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)






44. Ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli (door bell is different from phone ringing)






45. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented






46. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)






47. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward






48. Neutral stimulus once paired with UCS; no naturally occurring response - only with UCS pairing (e.g. light (CS) eventually produces salivation)






49. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes






50. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely







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Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?


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