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GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






2. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state






3. Teach to performance a desired behaviour to get away from a negative stimulus






4. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result

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5. Parents reduce temper in child by not giving into - reinforcing behavior






6. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired






7. UCS and CS presented at the same time






8. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

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9. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






10. Performance = Expectation x Value; expectancy-value theory; goals they expect they can meet and how important goal is






11. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






12. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented






13. Theory of association






14. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






15. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






16. Shaping; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






17. Disassociate car from vet by taking dog on frequent car trip to the park






18. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run






19. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






20. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture






21. Not all correct responses met with reinforcement; slower but more resistant; fixed ratio - variable ratio - fixed interval - variable interval; variable is best because it is unexpected - ratio gives better response since based on # of correct behavi






22. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely






23. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






24. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult






25. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism






26. Increased sensitivity to environment after exposure to a strong stimulus - Rubbing arm after pain?






27. Operant conditioning






28. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






29. Reward or positive event that increases likelihood of a particular response






30. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.






31. Performance = Drive x Habit; will do what has worked in the past to satisfy drive






32. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food






33. Does not produce a specific response on its own (e.g. light or bell)






34. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






35. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed






36. How to avoid something undesirable






37. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






38. Reinforcement delivered after a consistent number of responses; vulnerable to extinction






39. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement






40. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+






41. Students working on a project in small groups






42. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






43. Learning curve






44. Skinner - instrumental conditioning; behaviour primarily influenced by reinforcement strategies - do what rewards - not what doesn'T






45. Animals strongly and automatically connect nausea and food - especially strong in children; preparedness






46. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects

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47. Naturally occurring response (e.g. salivation to food)






48. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)






49. School of behaviourism






50. Removal of a negative event that increases likelihood of a particular response; while punishment introduces a negative event to decrease likelihood of a response