Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Approach-avoidance conflict; state felt when a goal has both pros and cons - typically focus on pros when far from goal - cons when close to goal






2. Higher arousal for simple tasks (motivation) - lower arousal for complex tasks (concentration); optimal arousal is an inverted U on a graph - Y-axis: performance - X-axis: arousal - Difficult task --> upside-down U shape - Simple task --> reaches pea






3. Operant conditioning






4. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






5. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






6. Those who set realistic goals with intermediate risk feel pride with accomplishment - and want to succeed more than they fear failure - however less likely to set unrealistic or risky goals or to persist when success is unlikely






7. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state






8. Previous learning helps learning of another task later






9. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






10. Experiment shows that there is electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain used as positive reinforcement - this is evidence against drive-reduction theory






11. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run






12. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation






13. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


14. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour






15. Shaping; Skinner rewarded rats first for being near lever then for touching it - reward for behaviours that brought them closer to the desired one (e.g. pressing lever)






16. 'learning' that a specific action causes an event - when in reality the two are unrelated






17. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






18. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)






19. Simultaneous - higher-order/second-order - delayed forward - trace forward - backward






20. Learning curve






21. Set of characteristics indicative of one'S ability to learn






22. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result

Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php on line 183


23. Law of effect






24. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water






25. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






26. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)






27. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?






28. Ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli (door bell is different from phone ringing)






29. John Garcia - Certain associations are learned more easily than others - Nausea & food can be paired easily - but light and nausea cannot be paired






30. Theory of association






31. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food






32. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






33. Learning by watching






34. Thorndike - precursor of operant conditioning - Cause-and-effect chain of behaviour; continue what rewards - stop what doesn'T






35. Students working on a project in small groups






36. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again






37. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour






38. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture






39. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






40. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated






41. Evoking responses of autonomic nervous system through training






42. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+






43. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)






44. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






45. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






46. Parents reduce temper in child by not giving into - reinforcing behavior






47. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed






48. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






49. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






50. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard