Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Takes place without reinforcement - knowledge not immediately expressed - e.g. learning while watching chess






2. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning






3. Watson - everything can be explained by stimulus-response chains - chains are developed by conditioning; only objective and observable elements important






4. Animals strongly and automatically connect nausea and food - especially strong in children; preparedness






5. Lewin - grouping based on co-occurence in time and space; associate certain behaviours with certain rewards and cues






6. Theory of association






7. Increased sensitivity to environment after exposure to a strong stimulus - Rubbing arm after pain?






8. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour






9. Type of forward conditioning; CS presented and terminated before UCS presentation






10. Punishment to decrease likelihood of a behaviour - ex: drug Antabuse to treat alcoholism






11. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)






12. Higher arousal for simple tasks (motivation) - lower arousal for complex tasks (concentration); optimal arousal is an inverted U on a graph - Y-axis: performance - X-axis: arousal - Difficult task --> upside-down U shape - Simple task --> reaches pea






13. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






14. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






15. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run






16. Operant conditioning






17. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented






18. Ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli (door bell is different from phone ringing)






19. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement






20. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions


21. Linking a series of behaviours that result in reinforcement - one behaviour triggers the next (e.g. learning the alphabet)






22. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






23. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






24. Reinforcement delivered after a consistent number of responses; vulnerable to extinction






25. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






26. Pairing of the CS and the UCS in which the CS is presented before the UCS - delayed conditioning and trace conditioning






27. Part of motivation. One must be adequately aroused to learn or perform






28. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated






29. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






30. 'learning' that a specific action causes an event - when in reality the two are unrelated






31. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






32. Previous learning helps learning of another task later






33. Previous learning makes learning a new task more difficult






34. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






35. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






36. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture






37. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






38. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes






39. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour






40. Students working on a project in small groups






41. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation






42. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard






43. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






44. UCS and CS presented at the same time






45. The failure to generalize a stimulus






46. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result


47. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again






48. Naturally occurring response (e.g. salivation to food)






49. Disassociate car from vet by taking dog on frequent car trip to the park






50. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects