SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Learning
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. By having an apparatus (e.g. lever) - an animal controls its reinforcements (e.g. food) through behaviours (e.g. pressing) - shaping its own behaviour
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Overshadowing
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Autoshaping
2. How to avoid something undesirable
Avoidance conditioning
Neil Miller
John B. Watson
Aversive conditioning
3. Teacher encourages independent learning - only provides assistance when needed
Stimulus generalization
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Scaffolding learning
Latent learning
4. Reward or positive event that increases likelihood of a particular response
Positive Reinforcement
Autoshaping
Kurt Lewin
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
5. Pairing of the CS and the UCS in which the CS is presented before the UCS - delayed conditioning and trace conditioning
Age affects learning
Law of effect
Social learning theory
Forward Conditioning (types)
6. Promotes extinction of undesirable behaviour - negative stimulus presented after behaviour to decrease likelihood of reoccurrence - Skinner thinks it is not effective in long run
M.E. Olds
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Punishment
Incidental learning
7. Law of effect
Fixed ratio schedule
E. L. Thorndike
Superstitious behaviour
Escape conditioning
8. Ability to discriminate between different but similar stimuli (door bell is different from phone ringing)
Primary Reinforcement
Learning curve
Stimulus discrimination
Variable ratio schedule
9. Born with certain physiological needs - will be tension if not satisfied; when it is - return to state of homeostasis and relaxation
State dependent learning
Drive-reduction theories
Learning curve
Edward Tolman
10. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again
Spontaneous recovery
Undergeneralization
Simultaneous Conditioning
Henry Murray - David McClelland
11. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)
Backward Conditioning
Modeling (+example? and researcher)
Overshadowing
Sensitization
12. Skinner - instrumental conditioning; behaviour primarily influenced by reinforcement strategies - do what rewards - not what doesn'T
Learning curve
Operant conditioning
Negative transfer
Backward Conditioning
13. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)
Victor Vroom
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Superstitious behaviour
State dependent learning
14. Individuals are motivated by what brings most pleasure and least pain
Extinction
Hedonism
Example theories and problem?
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
15. Higher arousal for simple tasks (motivation) - lower arousal for complex tasks (concentration); optimal arousal is an inverted U on a graph - Y-axis: performance - X-axis: arousal - Difficult task --> upside-down U shape - Simple task --> reaches pea
Stimulus discrimination
Theory of association
Yerkes-Dodson effect
Simultaneous Conditioning
16. Learning by watching
Habituation
Observational learning
Educational psychology
Extinction
17. Learning curve
Skinner box
Spontaneous recovery
Example theories and problem?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
18. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Operant conditioning
Variable ratio schedule
Ivan Pavlov
19. Thorndike - precursor of operant conditioning - Cause-and-effect chain of behaviour; continue what rewards - stop what doesn'T
State dependent learning
Sensitization
Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory
Law of effect
20. CS presented after UCS (e.g. food - then light); proven ineffective; accomplishes only inhibitory conditioning - harder time pairing CS with UCS later even with forward conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Backward Conditioning
Secondary Reinforcement
Law of effect
21. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions
Warning
: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in
/var/www/html/basicversity.com/show_quiz.php
on line
183
22. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable
Premack principle
Simultaneous Conditioning
Variable ratio schedule
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
23. Students working on a project in small groups
B. F. Skinner
Cooperative learning
Educational psychology
Conditioned Response (CR)
24. UCS and CS presented at the same time
Conditioned Response (CR)
Simultaneous Conditioning
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
B. F. Skinner
25. Lewin - grouping based on co-occurence in time and space; associate certain behaviours with certain rewards and cues
John Atkinson
M.E. Olds
Secondary Reinforcement
Theory of association
26. Links together chains of stimuli and responses - learns what to do in response to particular triggers (leaving a building in response to fire alarm)
Scaffolding learning
Response learning
Preparedness
Overshadowing
27. Teach to performance a desired behaviour to get away from a negative stimulus
Escape conditioning
Negative Reinforcement
Hedonism
Secondary Reinforcement
28. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards
Learning
Stimulus discrimination
John Garcia
Secondary Reinforcement
29. Watson - everything can be explained by stimulus-response chains - chains are developed by conditioning; only objective and observable elements important
Stimulus discrimination
Variable interval schedule
Behaviourism
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
30. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)
Garcia effect
Extinction
Second-Order conditioning
Extinction (classical conditioning)
31. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)
Variable interval schedule
Trace conditioning
Incidental learning
Drive-reduction theories
32. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue
Premack principle
Fritz Heider'S balance theory
Learning curve
Extinction
33. Set of characteristics indicative of one'S ability to learn
Aptitude
Stimulus discrimination
Negative transfer
Hermann Ebbinghaus
34. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes
Arousal
Educational psychology
Latent learning
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
35. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented
Learning
Delayed conditioning
Example theories and problem?
Operant conditioning
36. Rewards after a certain period of time rather than number of behaviours; can be argued that it does little to motivate an animal'S behaviour
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations
Fixed interval schedule
John B. Watson
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
37. Need for achievement (nAch); need to pursue success or to avoid failure - goal is to feel successful
Age affects learning
Overshadowing
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Undergeneralization
38. 'learning' that a specific action causes an event - when in reality the two are unrelated
Superstitious behaviour
Negative transfer
State dependent learning
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
39. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience
Classical conditioning
Extinction
Learning
Perceptual/conceptual learning (+example)
40. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?
Avoidance conditioning
Example theories and problem?
Preparedness
Cooperative learning
41. Rewards delivered after differing time periods; second most effective strategy in maintaining behaviour
Example theories and problem?
Variable interval schedule
Positive Reinforcement
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
42. The failure to generalize a stimulus
Undergeneralization
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Behaviourism
Victor Vroom
43. Continuous motions easier to learn - once started continues naturally - bike; discrete divided into parts and do not facilitate recall of each other - setting up chessboard
Simultaneous Conditioning
Drive-reduction theories
Continuous motor tasks vs. discrete motor tasks
Garcia effect
44. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Autoshaping
Clark Hull
45. Removal of a negative event that increases likelihood of a particular response; while punishment introduces a negative event to decrease likelihood of a response
Negative Reinforcement
Fixed interval schedule
Yerkes-Dodson effect
M.E. Olds
46. Reinforcement delivered after a consistent number of responses; vulnerable to extinction
Positive Reinforcement
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Example theories and problem?
Fixed ratio schedule
47. Not-so-neutral stimulus - elicits response without conditioning (e.g. salivation)
Fixed ratio schedule
Theory of association
Cooperative learning
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
48. Previous learning helps learning of another task later
Positive transfer
Henry Murray - David McClelland
Social learning theory
Behaviourism
49. Neutral stimulus once paired with UCS; no naturally occurring response - only with UCS pairing (e.g. light (CS) eventually produces salivation)
Negative Reinforcement
Observational learning
Partial Reinforcement Schedule (+types)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
50. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching
Arousal
Thorndike (book)
Extinction
Drive-reduction theory
Sorry!:) No result found.
Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?
Let me suggest you:
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests
Major Subjects
Tests & Exams
AP
CLEP
DSST
GRE
SAT
GMAT
Certifications
CISSP go to https://www.isc2.org/
PMP
ITIL
RHCE
MCTS
More...
IT Skills
Android Programming
Data Modeling
Objective C Programming
Basic Python Programming
Adobe Illustrator
More...
Business Skills
Advertising Techniques
Business Accounting Basics
Business Strategy
Human Resource Management
Marketing Basics
More...
Soft Skills
Body Language
People Skills
Public Speaking
Persuasion
Job Hunting And Resumes
More...
Vocabulary
GRE Vocab
SAT Vocab
TOEFL Essential Vocab
Basic English Words For All
Global Words You Should Know
Business English
More...
Languages
AP German Vocab
AP Latin Vocab
SAT Subject Test: French
Italian Survival
Norwegian Survival
More...
Engineering
Audio Engineering
Computer Science Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Structural Engineering
More...
Health Sciences
Basic Nursing Skills
Health Science Language Fundamentals
Veterinary Technology Medical Language
Cardiology
Clinical Surgery
More...
English
Grammar Fundamentals
Literary And Rhetorical Vocab
Elements Of Style Vocab
Introduction To English Major
Complete Advanced Sentences
Literature
Homonyms
More...
Math
Algebra Formulas
Basic Arithmetic: Measurements
Metric Conversions
Geometric Properties
Important Math Facts
Number Sense Vocab
Business Math
More...
Other Major Subjects
Science
Economics
History
Law
Performing-arts
Cooking
Logic & Reasoning
Trivia
Browse all subjects
Browse all tests
Most popular tests