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GRE Psychology: Learning

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evoking responses of autonomic nervous system through training






2. Drive to reduce cognitive dissonance - holding conflicting ideas simultaneously whether beliefs - attitudes - or actions

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3. Learn 3-20 - constant 20-50 - drops 50+






4. Teach to performance a desired behaviour to get away from a negative stimulus






5. Linking a series of behaviours that result in reinforcement - one behaviour triggers the next (e.g. learning the alphabet)






6. School of behaviourism






7. Individuals are motivated by what brings most pleasure and least pain






8. Learning about something in general (history) for knowledge rather than learning-specific stimulus-response chains (e.g. Tolman'S experiments with animals forming cognitive maps of mazes rather than simple escape routes)






9. What a person learns in one state is best recalled in that state






10. People learn through their culture. They learn acceptable and unacceptable behaviours through culture






11. Previous learning helps learning of another task later






12. Response that CS elicits after conditioning; UCR and CR will be the same (e.g. salivation)






13. Preparedness - that certain associations are learned more easily than others; animals programmed to make certain connections; Garcia effect - nausea associated with food






14. Students working on a project in small groups






15. Applied expectancy-value theory to individual behaviour in large organizations (e.g. those lowest on totem pole have least motivation since little incentives)






16. Parents reduce temper in child by not giving into - reinforcing behavior






17. Performance = Drive x Habit; will do what has worked in the past to satisfy drive






18. Type of forward conditioning; CS begins before UCS - lasts until the UCS is presented






19. Ebbinghaus - when learning something new - rate of learning usually changes over time; can be positively or negatively accelerated






20. Attitude change - based on balance of 'Sentiment' or liking relationships - if the net affect valence multiplies out to a positive result

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21. How people learn in educational settings such as student and teacher attributes






22. Decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus due to increasing familiarity






23. Natural reinforcement - without requirement of learning; food and water






24. How to avoid something undesirable






25. Thorndike - precursor of operant conditioning - Cause-and-effect chain of behaviour; continue what rewards - stop what doesn'T






26. Learning curve






27. Learned reinforce - often through society; money - prestige - rewards






28. Every correct response is met with reinforcement; quickest but most fragile learning - as soon as rewards stop coming - the animal stops performing






29. Medium amount of arousal best for performance






30. Learning and behaving by imitation; Albert Bandura'S Bobo doll (children watching adults with blow up dolls)






31. Relatively permanent or stable change in behaviour as the result of experience






32. Disassociate car from vet by taking dog on frequent car trip to the park






33. later proved experimentally - Classical conditioning






34. Reappearance of an extinguished response - even without further conditioning - after the child'S tantrum behaviour has been extinguished - the child may suddenly throw a tantrum again






35. Primary/instinctual (hunger or thirst) - secondary/ acquired (money or other learned reinforcers) - exploratory (seek novelty or explore) - We are primarily motivated to maintain physiological or psychological homeostasis.






36. Law of effect






37. Reversal of conditioning - dissociating behaviour from a cue - Repeatedly withholding reinforcement or disassociating the behavior from a cue






38. Does not produce a specific response on its own (e.g. light or bell)






39. Fritz Heider'S balance theory - Charles Osgood and Percy Tannenbaum'S congruity theory - Leon Festinger'S cognitive dissonance theory; what about individuals who often seek stimulation - novel experience - or self-destruction?






40. The failure to generalize a stimulus






41. Accidental learning - unrelated items grouped together; opposite of intentional learning (e.g. dog associates car with vet)






42. Empty box (with a rat and a lever) - later proved the influence of reinforcement






43. Credited with writing first educational textbook in 1903 to assess students and teaching






44. Learning by watching






45. Associative or dissociative attitudes on 7pt scale toward objects

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46. Pavlovian conditioning; teaching a response (relationship) to neutral stimulus by pairing with not-so-neutral stimulus






47. Previous CS now a UCS (e.g.*bell > [ light > food > ] salivation)






48. Opposite of stimulus discrimination; make same response to a group of similar stimuli (e.g. fire alarms may sound different but same response)






49. Most time to learn but least likely to be extinguished; reinforcements are delivered after different numbers of correct responses - ratio cannot be predicted






50. Motivated to do what they do not want to do by rewarding themselves afterwards with something they like to do - Eat dessert after eating unwanted vegetable






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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