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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Projective tests (+types)
nominal variables
random sampling
Content validity
2. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Q-sort/measure
Anne Anastasi
F-scale or F-ratio
Hawthorne effect
3. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Illusory correlation
random sampling
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
T-score
4. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Z-scores
Curvilinear relationship
Inferential statistics
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
5. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Acquiescence
Robert Zajonc
6. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Reactance
Aptitude tests
quasi-experimental design
Illusory correlation
7. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
stratified sampling
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Split-half reliability
8. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
within subject
variance and standard deviation
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
stratified sampling
9. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
Acquiescence
Reactance
placebo
10. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
median
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Item analysis (reliability)
11. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
standard error of mean
stratified sampling
12. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
ordinal variables
Domain-referenced tests
Alpha levels
Content validity
13. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
Hawthorne effect
Face validity
Walter Mischel
14. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
Split-half reliability
Spearman r correlation coefficient
variance and standard deviation
15. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
interval variables
quasi-experimental design
social desirability
IQ Binet'S equation
16. Used most commonly on standardized test
Selective attrition
percentiles
Fluid intelligence
stratified sampling
17. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Statistical regression
dependent variable
18. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Reactance
Item analysis (reliability)
Factorial analysis of variance
Frequency distributions (+variables)
19. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
random sampling
Graphs (types)
stratified sampling
20. Process in testing concurrent validity
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
predictive value
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Cross validation
21. Knowing a fact
Julian Rotter
Fluid intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
nominal variables
22. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Aptitude tests
Alfred Binet
Selective attrition
Variability
23. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Content validity
F-scale or F-ratio
within subject
Item analysis (reliability)
24. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Objective tests (+types)
standard error of mean
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Test-retest reliability
25. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Internal validity
dependent variable
Mean IQ
nominal variables
26. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Cross validation
Learn the shape of different distributions
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
27. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Criterion-referenced tests
Linear regression
External validity (+types)
Graphs (types)
28. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Draw-A-Person Test
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Rosenthal effect
29. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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30. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
IQ Binet'S equation
histogram
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Nonequivalent control group
31. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
standard deviation (calculation)
Field study
Learn the shape of different distributions
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
32. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Fluid intelligence
Continuous data
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
33. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Experimenter bias
Lie detector tests
Projective tests (+types)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
34. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Item analysis (reliability)
range
Factorial analysis of variance
35. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Inferential statistics
Split-half reliability
Rosenthal effect
IQ Binet'S equation
36. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Nonequivalent control group
Curvilinear relationship
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Projective tests (+types)
37. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
placebo effect
mode
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
standard deviation (calculation)
38. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Demand characteristic
Draw-A-Person Test
Illusory correlation
Q-sort/measure
39. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Factorial analysis of variance
Longitudinal design
Item analysis (reliability)
40. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Population & related
confounding variable
placebo
standard deviation (calculation)
41. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
Aptitude tests
Type I and II errors
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
42. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
statistics
histogram
Word Association Test
Two-way ANOVA
43. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Discrete data
histogram
Mean IQ
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
44. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Statistical regression
interval variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
45. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Experimental design
normal distribution(+characteristic)
double-blind experiment
Mean IQ
46. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
percentiles
Objective tests (+types)
Word Association Test
47. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
ordinal variables
48. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Q-sort/measure
mental age
Internal validity
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
49. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
within subject
Population & related
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Hawthorne effect
50. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
One-way ANOVA
Reactance
Intelligence
Spearman r correlation coefficient