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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Domain-referenced tests
Experimental design
Descriptive statistics (+types)
ordinal variables
2. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
Mean IQ
ratio variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
3. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
One-way ANOVA
Continuous data
Face validity
4. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Item analysis (reliability)
Z-scores
cross-sectional design
5. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Item analysis (reliability)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
One-way ANOVA
IQ Binet'S equation
6. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Rosenthal effect
Projective tests (+types)
Robert Zajonc
Scientific approach
7. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Objective tests (+types)
Statistical regression
Projective tests (+types)
Linear regression
8. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
Domain-referenced tests
mode
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
9. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Fluid intelligence
Rorschach Inkblot Test
T-score
interval variables
10. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Factorial analysis of variance
interval variables
11. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
independent variable
Field study
Demand characteristic
12. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
range
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Fluid intelligence
External validity (+types)
13. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Population & related
Fluid intelligence
Nonequivalent control group
14. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
F-scale or F-ratio
Word Association Test
Correlational relationships
Descriptive statistics (+types)
15. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Content validity
Alfred Binet
Illusory correlation
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
16. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alfred Binet
Acquiescence
Face validity
cohort effect
17. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Hawthorne effect
Continuous data
within subject
Crystallized intelligence
18. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Item analysis (reliability)
Population & related
Learn the shape of different distributions
confounding variable
19. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
Reactance
Selective attrition
Julian Rotter
20. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
quasi-experimental design
variance and standard deviation
Meta-analysis
Item analysis (reliability)
21. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Intelligence
Vocational tests
Experimental design
confounding variable
22. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
mental age
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Correlational relationships
23. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
social desirability
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
24. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Acquiescence
nominal variables
Illusory correlation
One-way ANOVA
25. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Nonequivalent control group
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Internal validity
Q-sort/measure
26. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Graphs (types)
stratified sampling
placebo
statistics
27. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Scientific approach
T-score
Item analysis (reliability)
Alpha levels
28. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Objective tests (+types)
Graphs (types)
Acquiescence
29. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Charles Spearmen
Illusory correlation
Variability
30. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
standard deviation (calculation)
variance (calculation)
Face validity
Nonequivalent control group
31. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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32. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Mean IQ
T-test
frequency polygon
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
33. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Lie detector tests
Learn the shape of different distributions
double-blind experiment
Hawthorne effect
34. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Learn the shape of different distributions
mode
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Word Association Test
35. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Demand characteristic
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Linear regression
dependent variable
36. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Alpha levels
Internal validity
Lie detector tests
range
37. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Experimenter bias
Experimental design
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Standard normal distributions
38. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
histogram
statistics
Hawthorne effect
Concurrent validity
39. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
cohort-sequential design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
F-scale or F-ratio
interval variables
40. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Null hypothesis
Construct validity
cohort-sequential design
Validity (+types)
41. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
bar graph
histogram
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
42. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
confounding variable
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Anne Anastasi
43. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Internal validity
Two-way ANOVA
Test-retest reliability
Experimenter bias
44. Knowing how to do something
dependent variable
Scientific approach
Fluid intelligence
Acquiescence
45. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
dependent variable
cross-sectional design
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Statistical regression
46. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Criterion-referenced tests
Variability
frequency polygon
cohort-sequential design
47. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
nominal variables
Null hypothesis
Selective attrition
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
48. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
stratified sampling
Reliability (+types)
Concurrent validity
Lewis Terman
49. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
confounding variable
Projective tests (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
statistically significant
50. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Domain-referenced tests
Q-sort/measure
Reliability (+types)
Internal validity