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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Graphs (types)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Population & related
F-scale or F-ratio
2. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Aptitude tests
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
research design
3. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
T-test
4. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
cohort effect
Selective attrition
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
5. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
stratified sampling
Intelligence
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
6. Process in testing concurrent validity
Cross validation
Null hypothesis
Longitudinal design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
7. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Robert Zajonc
Split-half reliability
Linear regression
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
8. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
confounding variable
IQ Binet'S equation
placebo
mode
9. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
placebo
confounding variable
Domain-referenced tests
Inferential statistics
10. How the score are spread out overall
Word Association Test
Variability
Z-scores
Statistical regression
11. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
within subject
Rorschach Inkblot Test
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
histogram
12. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
statistically significant
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
nominal variables
median
13. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
F-scale or F-ratio
Chi-square test
Anne Anastasi
14. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Q-sort/measure
Two-way ANOVA
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
15. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
Curvilinear relationship
Fluid intelligence
Achievement tests
16. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
social desirability
Mean IQ
Draw-A-Person Test
Internal validity
17. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Acquiescence
Statistical regression
18. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Discrete data
Selective attrition
Anne Anastasi
Graphs (types)
19. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Concurrent validity
statistically significant
mental age
20. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Nonequivalent control group
Illusory correlation
Criterion-referenced tests
frequency polygon
21. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
ordinal variables
Face validity
Test-retest reliability
Spearman r correlation coefficient
22. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
range
stratified sampling
statistics
23. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Nonequivalent control group
Lewis Terman
Reliability (+types)
Face validity
24. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
cross-sectional design
independent variable
Discrete data
Alfred Binet
25. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Type I and II errors
Standard normal distributions
cross-sectional design
interval variables
26. For children 4-6
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
range
Fluid intelligence
27. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Lewis Terman
External validity (+types)
Two-way ANOVA
bar graph
28. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Fluid intelligence
Continuous data
29. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Z-scores
Chi-square test
placebo effect
variance (calculation)
30. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Intelligence
quasi-experimental design
Construct validity
31. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
predictive value
Vocational tests
Test-retest reliability
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
32. For children 6-16
Two-way ANOVA
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
variance (calculation)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
33. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
median
Achievement tests
Discrete data
Mean IQ
34. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
quasi-experimental design
Linear regression
Field study
Meta-analysis
35. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
within subject
between subject
Q-sort/measure
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
36. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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37. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
Hawthorne effect
Spearman r correlation coefficient
generalizability
38. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Chi-square test
39. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
double-blind experiment
Experimental design
random sampling
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
40. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Intelligence
independent variable
bar graph
quasi-experimental design
41. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
statistics
Objective tests (+types)
Null hypothesis
Reactance
42. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
dependent variable
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Walter Mischel
Fluid intelligence
43. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Nonequivalent control group
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Intelligence
Inferential statistics
44. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
percentiles
Lie detector tests
Graphs (types)
Factorial analysis of variance
45. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
social desirability
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Experimenter bias
frequency polygon
46. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
interval variables
standard error of mean
Crystallized intelligence
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
47. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Aptitude tests
Continuous data
standard deviation (calculation)
Curvilinear relationship
48. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Construct validity
Mean IQ
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Standard normal distributions
49. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Factorial analysis of variance
Construct validity
Type I and II errors
50. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenthal effect
Item analysis (reliability)
Standard normal distributions
Z-scores