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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Reliability (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
T-score
2. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Julian Rotter
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Concurrent validity
T-test
3. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
Scientific approach
Meta-analysis
Experimenter bias
4. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
One-way ANOVA
Variability
Reliability (+types)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
5. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Inferential statistics
interval variables
Charles Spearmen
6. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
standard error of mean
Test-retest reliability
7. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Mean IQ
Standard normal distributions
Population & related
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
8. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Standard normal distributions
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Field study
Aptitude tests
9. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Draw-A-Person Test
Achievement tests
Curvilinear relationship
Linear regression
10. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
Internal validity
Cross validation
One-way ANOVA
11. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
standard deviation (calculation)
variance and standard deviation
ordinal variables
quasi-experimental design
12. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
standard error of mean
Intelligence
Anne Anastasi
Illusory correlation
13. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Julian Rotter
T-score
Mean IQ
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
14. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
ordinal variables
Word Association Test
mental age
Two-way ANOVA
15. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Graphs (types)
Objective tests (+types)
Crystallized intelligence
16. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Illusory correlation
mode
nominal variables
variance and standard deviation
17. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
frequency polygon
Variability
Hawthorne effect
18. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
cohort-sequential design
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Reliability (+types)
Lewis Terman
19. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
percentiles
Q-sort/measure
Reliability (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
20. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Projective tests (+types)
Reliability (+types)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
ordinal variables
21. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Experimenter bias
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
22. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Type I and II errors
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Longitudinal design
Field study
23. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
research design
Draw-A-Person Test
ratio variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
24. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Mean IQ
mental age
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Chi-square test
25. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Julian Rotter
Validity (+types)
Mean IQ
Experimenter bias
26. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Type I and II errors
normal distribution(+characteristic)
dependent variable
frequency polygon
27. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Construct validity
Face validity
Correlational relationships
Item analysis (reliability)
28. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Population & related
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Pearson r correlation coefficient
double-blind experiment
29. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
interval variables
Internal validity
Reactance
Lie detector tests
30. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Nonequivalent control group
F-scale or F-ratio
External validity (+types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
31. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Longitudinal design
Validity (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
bar graph
32. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
variance and standard deviation
social desirability
statistics
Two-way ANOVA
33. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Robert Zajonc
Z-scores
frequency polygon
Frequency distributions (+variables)
34. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
35. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Continuous data
predictive value
Selective attrition
Nonequivalent control group
36. For children 4-6
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
predictive value
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Population & related
37. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
mental age
Demand characteristic
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
placebo
38. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
within subject
Curvilinear relationship
Walter Mischel
variance and standard deviation
39. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Crystallized intelligence
Nonequivalent control group
Alpha levels
histogram
40. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Julian Rotter
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Achievement tests
Split-half reliability
41. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Content validity
One-way ANOVA
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Null hypothesis
42. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Hawthorne effect
Projective tests (+types)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
43. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Anne Anastasi
Learn the shape of different distributions
predictive value
Continuous data
44. Knowing how to do something
confounding variable
Fluid intelligence
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Cross validation
45. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
mental age
Draw-A-Person Test
generalizability
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
46. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Selective attrition
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Type I and II errors
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
47. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
Experimental design
Longitudinal design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
48. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Reactance
standard error of mean
mental age
cohort effect
49. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Achievement tests
Hawthorne effect
F-scale or F-ratio
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
50. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Cross validation
Draw-A-Person Test
Learn the shape of different distributions
Crystallized intelligence