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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Demand characteristic
Face validity
range
Null hypothesis
2. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
T-test
Achievement tests
Hawthorne effect
Anne Anastasi
3. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
Rosenthal effect
Robert Zajonc
Standard normal distributions
4. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Z-scores
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Correlational relationships
social desirability
5. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
cohort effect
variance and standard deviation
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Lie detector tests
6. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
mode
Vocational tests
Meta-analysis
Chi-square test
7. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Z-scores
Variability
Achievement tests
Experimenter bias
8. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
social desirability
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Alfred Binet
histogram
9. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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10. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
percentiles
Spearman r correlation coefficient
ratio variables
cohort-sequential design
11. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
standard deviation (calculation)
Anne Anastasi
Meta-analysis
bar graph
12. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Acquiescence
stratified sampling
Test-retest reliability
13. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Lie detector tests
random sampling
Objective tests (+types)
T-test
14. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Alpha levels
Rosenthal effect
Julian Rotter
15. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
cohort-sequential design
Z-scores
quasi-experimental design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
16. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
normal distribution(+characteristic)
ratio variables
Type I and II errors
Reactance
17. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Graphs (types)
standard deviation (calculation)
Rosenthal effect
Curvilinear relationship
18. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Field study
Factorial analysis of variance
Z-scores
Alpha levels
19. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Aptitude tests
Split-half reliability
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
statistics
20. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Two-way ANOVA
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
bar graph
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
21. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
statistically significant
Cross validation
nominal variables
standard deviation (calculation)
22. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Meta-analysis
placebo
Frequency distributions (+variables)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
23. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Lewis Terman
Intelligence
Item analysis (reliability)
24. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Illusory correlation
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Face validity
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
25. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
random sampling
Aptitude tests
Factorial analysis of variance
T-score
26. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Lewis Terman
double-blind experiment
Domain-referenced tests
Internal validity
27. Used most commonly on standardized test
Nonequivalent control group
percentiles
Draw-A-Person Test
Alfred Binet
28. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Mean IQ
variance and standard deviation
statistically significant
29. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
ratio variables
Correlational relationships
30. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Population & related
One-way ANOVA
generalizability
Domain-referenced tests
31. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Longitudinal design
standard error of mean
32. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Frequency distributions (+variables)
interval variables
Hawthorne effect
variance (calculation)
33. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Anne Anastasi
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Experimental design
Projective tests (+types)
34. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
bar graph
Validity (+types)
Robert Zajonc
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
35. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Standard normal distributions
Correlational relationships
Construct validity
ordinal variables
36. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Curvilinear relationship
Split-half reliability
mode
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
37. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
standard deviation (calculation)
cohort-sequential design
Construct validity
double-blind experiment
38. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Intelligence
Type I and II errors
Criterion-referenced tests
Julian Rotter
39. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
random sampling
Crystallized intelligence
Reactance
Projective tests (+types)
40. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lie detector tests
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Factorial analysis of variance
percentiles
41. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
placebo
Scientific approach
Variability
statistics
42. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Continuous data
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
43. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Aptitude tests
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Lewis Terman
44. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Z-scores
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Item analysis (reliability)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
45. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
One-way ANOVA
Word Association Test
46. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
quasi-experimental design
mental age
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
47. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
placebo effect
variance (calculation)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
48. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
standard error of mean
mode
Domain-referenced tests
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
49. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Face validity
generalizability
stratified sampling
Spearman r correlation coefficient
50. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Construct validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
between subject
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