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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
T-test
Acquiescence
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
2. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Statistical regression
Learn the shape of different distributions
generalizability
Reactance
3. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Objective tests (+types)
Alfred Binet
Achievement tests
Two-way ANOVA
4. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
random sampling
Projective tests (+types)
Learn the shape of different distributions
5. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Cross validation
placebo effect
Correlational relationships
Type I and II errors
6. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
IQ Binet'S equation
Face validity
7. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Hawthorne effect
standard error of mean
variance and standard deviation
Projective tests (+types)
8. For children 6-16
Type I and II errors
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Test-retest reliability
Illusory correlation
9. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Longitudinal design
Rosenthal effect
confounding variable
T-test
10. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Concurrent validity
predictive value
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
quasi-experimental design
11. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Lewis Terman
Criterion-referenced tests
Internal validity
Julian Rotter
12. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
placebo
research design
IQ Binet'S equation
13. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
statistically significant
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
within subject
Q-sort/measure
14. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Illusory correlation
between subject
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
15. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Word Association Test
Continuous data
Lie detector tests
16. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
frequency polygon
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
stratified sampling
17. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Lie detector tests
Achievement tests
18. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Internal validity
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Z-scores
nominal variables
19. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Crystallized intelligence
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
interval variables
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
20. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
ordinal variables
Curvilinear relationship
Q-sort/measure
Intelligence
21. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Lewis Terman
statistics
22. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Fluid intelligence
percentiles
Inferential statistics
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
23. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Continuous data
cohort-sequential design
Content validity
Objective tests (+types)
24. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Charles Spearmen
between subject
Standard normal distributions
Selective attrition
25. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Graphs (types)
Statistical regression
predictive value
Validity (+types)
26. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Internal validity
Correlational relationships
Discrete data
Pearson r correlation coefficient
27. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
within subject
Achievement tests
Alfred Binet
28. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Walter Mischel
cohort effect
T-score
One-way ANOVA
29. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
social desirability
Construct validity
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
30. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Acquiescence
variance (calculation)
placebo
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
31. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Experimenter bias
ratio variables
nominal variables
Frequency distributions (+variables)
32. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Spearman r correlation coefficient
T-score
placebo
Alpha levels
33. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
between subject
frequency polygon
34. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Content validity
Aptitude tests
Mean IQ
Q-sort/measure
35. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
random sampling
Concurrent validity
Reactance
Lie detector tests
36. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
frequency polygon
mental age
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
confounding variable
37. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
ordinal variables
statistics
mental age
Split-half reliability
38. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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39. Knowing how to do something
Demand characteristic
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Fluid intelligence
Illusory correlation
40. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
normal distribution(+characteristic)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Population & related
Split-half reliability
41. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
External validity (+types)
Continuous data
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Construct validity
42. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
between subject
confounding variable
Mean IQ
range
43. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Experimental design
Meta-analysis
quasi-experimental design
Selective attrition
44. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
IQ Binet'S equation
Draw-A-Person Test
Intelligence
placebo
45. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Criterion-referenced tests
Face validity
median
46. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
One-way ANOVA
IQ Binet'S equation
Achievement tests
Objective tests (+types)
47. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
nominal variables
Selective attrition
Concurrent validity
Z-scores
48. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Reactance
Word Association Test
IQ Binet'S equation
Projective tests (+types)
49. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Inferential statistics
interval variables
mode
Type I and II errors
50. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Field study
Crystallized intelligence
placebo effect
Experimenter bias