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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The most frequently occurring value
Q-sort/measure
Rosenthal effect
Spearman r correlation coefficient
mode
2. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
generalizability
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Construct validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
3. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Intelligence
Charles Spearmen
interval variables
within subject
4. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
Linear regression
interval variables
Inferential statistics
5. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
statistically significant
Linear regression
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Walter Mischel
6. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Mean IQ
Fluid intelligence
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Hawthorne effect
7. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
External validity (+types)
T-test
Demand characteristic
percentiles
8. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Vocational tests
Concurrent validity
variance and standard deviation
Inferential statistics
9. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
stratified sampling
dependent variable
Validity (+types)
10. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Longitudinal design
Achievement tests
Acquiescence
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
11. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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12. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Cross validation
Lie detector tests
13. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Illusory correlation
ANOVA/analysis of variance
placebo
Q-sort/measure
14. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Statistical regression
research design
Test-retest reliability
Nonequivalent control group
15. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Vocational tests
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
16. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alpha levels
Walter Mischel
Content validity
Alfred Binet
17. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Acquiescence
Curvilinear relationship
standard deviation (calculation)
research design
18. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Field study
Correlational relationships
Walter Mischel
19. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Inferential statistics
T-test
cohort effect
Meta-analysis
20. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
generalizability
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Fluid intelligence
Q-sort/measure
21. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Fluid intelligence
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
bar graph
interval variables
22. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
quasi-experimental design
Longitudinal design
Reliability (+types)
statistically significant
23. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Variability
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Fluid intelligence
24. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Continuous data
Validity (+types)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Inferential statistics
25. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Graphs (types)
Standard normal distributions
Face validity
26. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Domain-referenced tests
Field study
Selective attrition
27. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Learn the shape of different distributions
frequency polygon
generalizability
28. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Concurrent validity
Continuous data
External validity (+types)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
29. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Acquiescence
variance and standard deviation
30. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Scientific approach
Hawthorne effect
Charles Spearmen
Objective tests (+types)
31. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
T-test
ANOVA/analysis of variance
ordinal variables
32. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
double-blind experiment
33. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Mean IQ
Concurrent validity
Draw-A-Person Test
34. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
generalizability
Rosenthal effect
independent variable
Inferential statistics
35. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Word Association Test
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Selective attrition
Concurrent validity
36. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
F-scale or F-ratio
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Cross validation
T-test
37. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Learn the shape of different distributions
Q-sort/measure
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Charles Spearmen
38. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
placebo
Mean IQ
Charles Spearmen
Nonequivalent control group
39. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Concurrent validity
Projective tests (+types)
Content validity
T-test
40. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Objective tests (+types)
Validity (+types)
within subject
Factorial analysis of variance
41. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
percentiles
Null hypothesis
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Lie detector tests
42. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Graphs (types)
Intelligence
Field study
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
43. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Type I and II errors
Experimental design
Lie detector tests
variance and standard deviation
44. Knowing how to do something
mode
Fluid intelligence
statistically significant
dependent variable
45. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Selective attrition
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
random sampling
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
46. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Validity (+types)
double-blind experiment
Reliability (+types)
variance and standard deviation
47. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
cohort-sequential design
Variability
48. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
frequency polygon
Linear regression
cross-sectional design
Nonequivalent control group
49. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Population & related
Alpha levels
Mean IQ
50. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Variability
within subject
interval variables