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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Inferential statistics
Experimental design
dependent variable
2. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Internal validity
Illusory correlation
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Discrete data
3. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Rosenthal effect
Objective tests (+types)
cohort effect
normal distribution(+characteristic)
4. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Inferential statistics
Content validity
Achievement tests
cohort effect
5. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Experimenter bias
Learn the shape of different distributions
Word Association Test
Draw-A-Person Test
6. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Criterion-referenced tests
Domain-referenced tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Statistical regression
7. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Anne Anastasi
Aptitude tests
F-scale or F-ratio
Selective attrition
8. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
ordinal variables
Item analysis (reliability)
frequency polygon
9. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Lewis Terman
ANOVA/analysis of variance
External validity (+types)
10. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Aptitude tests
placebo effect
research design
Experimenter bias
11. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Continuous data
Domain-referenced tests
Type I and II errors
12. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
standard deviation (calculation)
cross-sectional design
Internal validity
13. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Rosenthal effect
Achievement tests
Robert Zajonc
14. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
ordinal variables
Demand characteristic
Intelligence
histogram
15. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
random sampling
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Rosenthal effect
variance and standard deviation
16. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Illusory correlation
Lie detector tests
bar graph
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
17. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
ratio variables
Achievement tests
Criterion-referenced tests
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
18. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Chi-square test
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Acquiescence
Meta-analysis
19. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
random sampling
T-test
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
20. The most frequently occurring value
quasi-experimental design
placebo effect
mode
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
21. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
frequency polygon
within subject
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
22. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Mean IQ
Walter Mischel
Split-half reliability
Experimental design
23. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
frequency polygon
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Concurrent validity
24. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
Intelligence
ordinal variables
Descriptive statistics (+types)
25. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
Meta-analysis
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
26. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Vocational tests
Intelligence
cross-sectional design
placebo
27. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Test-retest reliability
F-scale or F-ratio
28. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
variance (calculation)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Illusory correlation
29. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Rosenthal effect
between subject
Curvilinear relationship
Z-scores
30. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Curvilinear relationship
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
quasi-experimental design
median
31. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Achievement tests
Criterion-referenced tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Face validity
32. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
normal distribution(+characteristic)
social desirability
Achievement tests
Variability
33. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Julian Rotter
Longitudinal design
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Variability
34. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
cohort-sequential design
Alfred Binet
Illusory correlation
Vocational tests
35. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
Construct validity
Split-half reliability
Factorial analysis of variance
36. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Lie detector tests
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Field study
T-test
37. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
nominal variables
bar graph
Aptitude tests
Chi-square test
38. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Vocational tests
statistically significant
Mean IQ
39. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
median
ordinal variables
standard deviation (calculation)
40. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Validity (+types)
Variability
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Split-half reliability
41. For children 6-16
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Cross validation
42. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Illusory correlation
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Nonequivalent control group
43. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Construct validity
Continuous data
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Discrete data
44. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Standard normal distributions
mode
Draw-A-Person Test
45. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Correlational relationships
Experimental design
social desirability
46. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Charles Spearmen
cohort-sequential design
Intelligence
Variability
47. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Test-retest reliability
Continuous data
48. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistics
statistically significant
Meta-analysis
Z-scores
49. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
Field study
Experimental design
Anne Anastasi
50. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
stratified sampling
statistics
Longitudinal design