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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Face validity
Domain-referenced tests
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Word Association Test
2. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Two-way ANOVA
Fluid intelligence
statistically significant
Lewis Terman
3. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Learn the shape of different distributions
Acquiescence
Demand characteristic
standard error of mean
4. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
within subject
Face validity
One-way ANOVA
dependent variable
5. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
F-scale or F-ratio
Meta-analysis
Reactance
Two-way ANOVA
6. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Learn the shape of different distributions
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Charles Spearmen
Alfred Binet
7. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
research design
Intelligence
T-score
Scientific approach
8. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Crystallized intelligence
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
mode
9. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Linear regression
Walter Mischel
Validity (+types)
10. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
predictive value
Concurrent validity
research design
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
11. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Variability
Correlational relationships
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
12. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
research design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
statistics
Charles Spearmen
13. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Robert Zajonc
ratio variables
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Nonequivalent control group
14. Used most commonly on standardized test
stratified sampling
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
percentiles
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
15. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Internal validity
variance and standard deviation
independent variable
16. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
within subject
Concurrent validity
quasi-experimental design
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
17. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Discrete data
Demand characteristic
Walter Mischel
double-blind experiment
18. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
nominal variables
Field study
Meta-analysis
bar graph
19. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
T-score
placebo effect
Robert Zajonc
bar graph
20. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Field study
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
21. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Achievement tests
predictive value
Experimental design
Face validity
22. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
bar graph
interval variables
median
social desirability
23. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
cross-sectional design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Rosenthal effect
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
24. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
placebo effect
Curvilinear relationship
Word Association Test
25. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Vocational tests
Mean IQ
Q-sort/measure
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
26. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Crystallized intelligence
between subject
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
27. How the score are spread out overall
cross-sectional design
Two-way ANOVA
External validity (+types)
Variability
28. Knowing a fact
Selective attrition
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Crystallized intelligence
Achievement tests
29. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Factorial analysis of variance
standard error of mean
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
30. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Inferential statistics
Construct validity
random sampling
F-scale or F-ratio
31. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Statistical regression
predictive value
median
Selective attrition
32. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Correlational relationships
Projective tests (+types)
generalizability
External validity (+types)
33. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
T-score
Graphs (types)
Longitudinal design
34. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Field study
Reliability (+types)
histogram
placebo
35. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Validity (+types)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Face validity
Anne Anastasi
36. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Reliability (+types)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Two-way ANOVA
Graphs (types)
37. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Demand characteristic
Lewis Terman
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
statistics
38. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Criterion-referenced tests
placebo
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
T-score
39. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
cross-sectional design
Linear regression
Experimenter bias
F-scale or F-ratio
40. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Graphs (types)
interval variables
placebo effect
confounding variable
41. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
ratio variables
Aptitude tests
Q-sort/measure
placebo effect
42. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
range
research design
placebo effect
43. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Intelligence
Illusory correlation
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Reactance
44. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Draw-A-Person Test
placebo effect
Two-way ANOVA
Variability
45. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Alfred Binet
Content validity
Objective tests (+types)
Type I and II errors
46. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
Test-retest reliability
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
cross-sectional design
47. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Walter Mischel
Content validity
Learn the shape of different distributions
Internal validity
48. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Population & related
histogram
ratio variables
Achievement tests
49. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Word Association Test
nominal variables
Rosenthal effect
50. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Cross validation
cohort-sequential design
within subject
Rosenthal effect