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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
standard deviation (calculation)
Demand characteristic
Lewis Terman
2. For children 6-16
Construct validity
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
T-score
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
3. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Variability
ordinal variables
Chi-square test
4. Knowing how to do something
Validity (+types)
Q-sort/measure
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Fluid intelligence
5. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
ordinal variables
Projective tests (+types)
median
Longitudinal design
6. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Continuous data
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Variability
7. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
F-scale or F-ratio
Curvilinear relationship
8. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
generalizability
Demand characteristic
Field study
Factorial analysis of variance
9. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
statistically significant
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Domain-referenced tests
10. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
variance and standard deviation
Z-scores
standard deviation (calculation)
11. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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12. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
dependent variable
Meta-analysis
Mean IQ
range
13. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
median
Demand characteristic
Content validity
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
14. Used most commonly on standardized test
standard error of mean
dependent variable
Illusory correlation
percentiles
15. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
double-blind experiment
stratified sampling
Validity (+types)
External validity (+types)
16. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Anne Anastasi
range
Internal validity
17. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
nominal variables
One-way ANOVA
Robert Zajonc
Continuous data
18. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Experimenter bias
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Construct validity
Split-half reliability
19. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
generalizability
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
frequency polygon
Alpha levels
20. How the score are spread out overall
frequency polygon
Variability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Test-retest reliability
21. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Item analysis (reliability)
Inferential statistics
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
22. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
stratified sampling
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
23. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
ratio variables
Lie detector tests
Content validity
Reactance
24. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
quasi-experimental design
frequency polygon
mental age
ordinal variables
25. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Achievement tests
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Criterion-referenced tests
Nonequivalent control group
26. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
mode
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
statistics
Hawthorne effect
27. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
ordinal variables
Correlational relationships
28. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
statistically significant
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Demand characteristic
Mean IQ
29. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Acquiescence
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Experimental design
interval variables
30. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Variability
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
between subject
T-test
31. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
random sampling
placebo effect
Standard normal distributions
dependent variable
32. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
predictive value
cross-sectional design
ordinal variables
33. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Concurrent validity
Statistical regression
median
34. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
F-scale or F-ratio
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
histogram
Type I and II errors
35. Knowing a fact
Longitudinal design
Crystallized intelligence
Draw-A-Person Test
Statistical regression
36. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Validity (+types)
Anne Anastasi
External validity (+types)
37. Process in testing concurrent validity
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Cross validation
38. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Crystallized intelligence
Linear regression
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
39. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Vocational tests
Experimental design
Intelligence
within subject
40. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Face validity
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
bar graph
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
41. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rosenthal effect
Meta-analysis
independent variable
42. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
frequency polygon
random sampling
ratio variables
One-way ANOVA
43. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Anne Anastasi
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Experimental design
nominal variables
44. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
social desirability
External validity (+types)
Null hypothesis
Walter Mischel
45. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Crystallized intelligence
dependent variable
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Inferential statistics
46. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
standard error of mean
Discrete data
Scientific approach
ANOVA/analysis of variance
47. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Selective attrition
Meta-analysis
research design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
48. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Alpha levels
Longitudinal design
Discrete data
49. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Walter Mischel
Concurrent validity
Experimenter bias
50. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
cross-sectional design
Concurrent validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Two-way ANOVA