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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Face validity
Split-half reliability
2. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
within subject
Rosenthal effect
Domain-referenced tests
random sampling
3. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
4. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Population & related
Inferential statistics
confounding variable
5. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
standard deviation (calculation)
Alfred Binet
histogram
Learn the shape of different distributions
6. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Internal validity
Crystallized intelligence
7. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Draw-A-Person Test
social desirability
Domain-referenced tests
frequency polygon
8. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Nonequivalent control group
dependent variable
Lewis Terman
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
9. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Standard normal distributions
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Face validity
cohort-sequential design
10. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Mean IQ
Descriptive statistics (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Lie detector tests
11. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Variability
independent variable
Scientific approach
predictive value
12. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Intelligence
Achievement tests
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
13. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Lie detector tests
standard error of mean
Achievement tests
Robert Zajonc
14. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
Achievement tests
Robert Zajonc
Q-sort/measure
15. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Content validity
between subject
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
16. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Two-way ANOVA
Type I and II errors
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
17. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Objective tests (+types)
Validity (+types)
Hawthorne effect
18. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
mode
Hawthorne effect
Experimental design
statistically significant
19. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
random sampling
Vocational tests
20. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Item analysis (reliability)
Vocational tests
Aptitude tests
Graphs (types)
21. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
mental age
Concurrent validity
Domain-referenced tests
Objective tests (+types)
22. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Experimenter bias
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Correlational relationships
Field study
23. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Illusory correlation
research design
Reliability (+types)
Population & related
24. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Experimental design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Linear regression
Null hypothesis
25. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Anne Anastasi
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
within subject
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
26. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
T-score
interval variables
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Hawthorne effect
27. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Projective tests (+types)
Vocational tests
F-scale or F-ratio
28. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Reliability (+types)
Q-sort/measure
Internal validity
Nonequivalent control group
29. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
within subject
Validity (+types)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
30. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
nominal variables
Achievement tests
One-way ANOVA
Illusory correlation
31. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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32. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Linear regression
T-test
social desirability
33. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
F-scale or F-ratio
placebo
Pearson r correlation coefficient
34. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Z-scores
Learn the shape of different distributions
statistics
Null hypothesis
35. How the score are spread out overall
interval variables
Variability
Criterion-referenced tests
Crystallized intelligence
36. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
F-scale or F-ratio
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Meta-analysis
Word Association Test
37. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Statistical regression
Robert Zajonc
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Internal validity
38. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
ratio variables
range
39. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Criterion-referenced tests
Selective attrition
Scientific approach
Graphs (types)
40. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
mental age
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Lie detector tests
41. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Meta-analysis
Criterion-referenced tests
generalizability
T-test
42. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
normal distribution(+characteristic)
T-score
Scientific approach
Q-sort/measure
43. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
median
standard deviation (calculation)
Z-scores
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
44. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
External validity (+types)
generalizability
Selective attrition
Crystallized intelligence
45. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
mental age
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
social desirability
46. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
Alpha levels
Curvilinear relationship
cohort effect
47. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
placebo
social desirability
ordinal variables
48. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
Nonequivalent control group
generalizability
Inferential statistics
49. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Field study
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
percentiles
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
50. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Reliability (+types)
Julian Rotter
One-way ANOVA