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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
Hawthorne effect
Acquiescence
range
2. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Intelligence
stratified sampling
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Reactance
3. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Objective tests (+types)
ordinal variables
standard deviation (calculation)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
4. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Construct validity
F-scale or F-ratio
Experimental design
Meta-analysis
5. Knowing a fact
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Crystallized intelligence
Experimenter bias
Draw-A-Person Test
6. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Statistical regression
Draw-A-Person Test
dependent variable
F-scale or F-ratio
7. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
bar graph
random sampling
Domain-referenced tests
F-scale or F-ratio
8. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
predictive value
cohort effect
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
9. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
within subject
Criterion-referenced tests
Content validity
Demand characteristic
10. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Population & related
Alfred Binet
placebo effect
ratio variables
11. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Construct validity
Reactance
Internal validity
Type I and II errors
12. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Robert Zajonc
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Split-half reliability
Test-retest reliability
13. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
double-blind experiment
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Intelligence
histogram
14. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Population & related
research design
15. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Meta-analysis
Experimenter bias
Charles Spearmen
cohort-sequential design
16. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
confounding variable
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Content validity
Selective attrition
17. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Longitudinal design
Anne Anastasi
Z-scores
18. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Inferential statistics
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
19. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
Lie detector tests
Robert Zajonc
Longitudinal design
20. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Fluid intelligence
Curvilinear relationship
Aptitude tests
cohort effect
21. How the score are spread out overall
Q-sort/measure
social desirability
Variability
ANOVA/analysis of variance
22. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
percentiles
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Test-retest reliability
23. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
within subject
Z-scores
confounding variable
Null hypothesis
24. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
within subject
standard error of mean
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
25. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Discrete data
variance and standard deviation
Fluid intelligence
Face validity
26. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
quasi-experimental design
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Content validity
Item analysis (reliability)
27. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
predictive value
Experimental design
median
28. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
One-way ANOVA
Validity (+types)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
cohort-sequential design
29. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
median
confounding variable
Concurrent validity
frequency polygon
30. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
confounding variable
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Nonequivalent control group
31. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Robert Zajonc
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Selective attrition
predictive value
32. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Nonequivalent control group
mental age
range
Type I and II errors
33. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
standard deviation (calculation)
Lewis Terman
T-test
dependent variable
34. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
F-scale or F-ratio
variance and standard deviation
social desirability
35. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Concurrent validity
predictive value
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
36. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Learn the shape of different distributions
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
37. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Domain-referenced tests
mode
variance (calculation)
38. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Domain-referenced tests
Item analysis (reliability)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
double-blind experiment
39. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
standard deviation (calculation)
Charles Spearmen
Julian Rotter
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
40. Process in testing concurrent validity
frequency polygon
variance and standard deviation
Standard normal distributions
Cross validation
41. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Rosenthal effect
Graphs (types)
External validity (+types)
independent variable
42. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
quasi-experimental design
placebo effect
Crystallized intelligence
nominal variables
43. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
nominal variables
Construct validity
statistically significant
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
44. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Continuous data
cross-sectional design
ordinal variables
cohort effect
45. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Achievement tests
Scientific approach
Two-way ANOVA
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
46. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
percentiles
research design
Discrete data
47. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
External validity (+types)
Acquiescence
standard error of mean
Validity (+types)
48. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Statistical regression
Robert Zajonc
Reactance
Draw-A-Person Test
49. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Rosenthal effect
Construct validity
frequency polygon
range
50. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
cohort-sequential design
Inferential statistics
Experimental design
Factorial analysis of variance