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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
independent variable
Anne Anastasi
placebo
Null hypothesis
2. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Experimenter bias
Achievement tests
frequency polygon
3. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
variance and standard deviation
Field study
Linear regression
social desirability
4. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
random sampling
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
F-scale or F-ratio
5. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Illusory correlation
nominal variables
double-blind experiment
6. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Fluid intelligence
ANOVA/analysis of variance
normal distribution(+characteristic)
median
7. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
median
Validity (+types)
Discrete data
Content validity
8. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Longitudinal design
Meta-analysis
Linear regression
Scientific approach
9. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Lewis Terman
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
median
10. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
T-score
Charles Spearmen
Scientific approach
Z-scores
11. For children 4-6
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Mean IQ
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
12. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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13. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Q-sort/measure
mental age
predictive value
14. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
quasi-experimental design
Longitudinal design
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Charles Spearmen
15. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
range
cohort-sequential design
placebo
16. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Experimental design
variance and standard deviation
Content validity
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
17. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Domain-referenced tests
cross-sectional design
T-score
research design
18. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
mode
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Chi-square test
19. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Acquiescence
One-way ANOVA
stratified sampling
20. Knowing how to do something
double-blind experiment
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Fluid intelligence
mode
21. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Lie detector tests
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Draw-A-Person Test
22. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
Hawthorne effect
placebo effect
Selective attrition
23. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Standard normal distributions
Face validity
Anne Anastasi
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
24. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
Factorial analysis of variance
Illusory correlation
Content validity
25. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Linear regression
26. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Demand characteristic
between subject
Learn the shape of different distributions
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
27. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Q-sort/measure
Selective attrition
Lie detector tests
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
28. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Z-scores
Reliability (+types)
cohort effect
29. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Mean IQ
nominal variables
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
30. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
Chi-square test
random sampling
variance (calculation)
31. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
standard deviation (calculation)
Internal validity
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
statistics
32. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Standard normal distributions
standard deviation (calculation)
Scientific approach
Illusory correlation
33. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Projective tests (+types)
standard error of mean
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
nominal variables
34. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Scientific approach
Criterion-referenced tests
35. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Nonequivalent control group
Robert Zajonc
F-scale or F-ratio
36. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
T-test
mode
37. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Construct validity
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
double-blind experiment
38. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
Experimenter bias
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Factorial analysis of variance
39. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Content validity
Test-retest reliability
T-score
Aptitude tests
40. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
standard deviation (calculation)
standard error of mean
Alpha levels
independent variable
41. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Nonequivalent control group
Criterion-referenced tests
42. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Aptitude tests
Domain-referenced tests
Graphs (types)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
43. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Robert Zajonc
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
44. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Type I and II errors
Two-way ANOVA
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
45. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
Aptitude tests
Split-half reliability
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
46. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
nominal variables
median
Item analysis (reliability)
bar graph
47. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Draw-A-Person Test
Alfred Binet
Face validity
48. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Experimental design
Correlational relationships
Cross validation
49. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
Continuous data
Anne Anastasi
Crystallized intelligence
50. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Alfred Binet
Illusory correlation
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Reactance