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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
double-blind experiment
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
median
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
2. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
standard deviation (calculation)
Concurrent validity
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
research design
3. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
standard deviation (calculation)
Internal validity
Crystallized intelligence
mental age
4. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
dependent variable
Correlational relationships
5. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Aptitude tests
ratio variables
variance (calculation)
independent variable
6. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Acquiescence
Concurrent validity
stratified sampling
Lewis Terman
7. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Alpha levels
Word Association Test
variance and standard deviation
Walter Mischel
8. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
random sampling
Null hypothesis
Linear regression
double-blind experiment
9. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
Null hypothesis
Reactance
random sampling
10. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Population & related
ANOVA/analysis of variance
11. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Item analysis (reliability)
Reliability (+types)
Experimenter bias
research design
12. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Vocational tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Hawthorne effect
13. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Concurrent validity
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Alpha levels
standard deviation (calculation)
14. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Chi-square test
Robert Zajonc
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Anne Anastasi
15. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Cross validation
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
cohort effect
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
16. Knowing how to do something
Type I and II errors
Meta-analysis
frequency polygon
Fluid intelligence
17. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
cohort-sequential design
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Linear regression
nominal variables
18. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
Walter Mischel
Variability
Experimenter bias
19. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Fluid intelligence
nominal variables
ANOVA/analysis of variance
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
20. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Item analysis (reliability)
predictive value
Field study
Alfred Binet
21. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Reliability (+types)
Face validity
Curvilinear relationship
independent variable
22. For children 6-16
interval variables
Variability
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
23. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Alfred Binet
Experimental design
statistics
Curvilinear relationship
24. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Meta-analysis
Test-retest reliability
cross-sectional design
25. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Face validity
cohort effect
bar graph
Chi-square test
26. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Word Association Test
Objective tests (+types)
Aptitude tests
27. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Intelligence
Selective attrition
Objective tests (+types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
28. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Cross validation
Descriptive statistics (+types)
statistically significant
Chi-square test
29. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
interval variables
independent variable
Face validity
Pearson r correlation coefficient
30. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Achievement tests
Draw-A-Person Test
variance (calculation)
Julian Rotter
31. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
stratified sampling
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
32. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Demand characteristic
frequency polygon
placebo effect
T-test
33. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Julian Rotter
statistically significant
Linear regression
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
34. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Aptitude tests
nominal variables
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Internal validity
35. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Experimental design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
36. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Split-half reliability
Illusory correlation
Alpha levels
37. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
ratio variables
double-blind experiment
standard error of mean
Lie detector tests
38. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Robert Zajonc
statistically significant
Reliability (+types)
Longitudinal design
39. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
dependent variable
statistics
Hawthorne effect
Julian Rotter
40. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Learn the shape of different distributions
T-test
research design
Illusory correlation
41. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Nonequivalent control group
standard error of mean
Experimental design
42. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Cross validation
Spearman r correlation coefficient
social desirability
Test-retest reliability
43. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
placebo
IQ Binet'S equation
Alpha levels
interval variables
44. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
bar graph
frequency polygon
45. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Inferential statistics
research design
Correlational relationships
Test-retest reliability
46. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Concurrent validity
variance and standard deviation
Continuous data
47. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
F-scale or F-ratio
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
social desirability
Experimental design
48. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
placebo
range
Correlational relationships
Null hypothesis
49. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
interval variables
Type I and II errors
Validity (+types)
50. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Content validity
Reliability (+types)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Rosenthal effect