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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Longitudinal design
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Factorial analysis of variance
Alpha levels
2. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
3. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
cross-sectional design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
bar graph
4. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Selective attrition
Learn the shape of different distributions
placebo effect
ANOVA/analysis of variance
5. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
quasi-experimental design
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Continuous data
double-blind experiment
6. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Objective tests (+types)
standard error of mean
Descriptive statistics (+types)
histogram
7. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
8. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Test-retest reliability
Experimental design
Walter Mischel
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
9. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
One-way ANOVA
F-scale or F-ratio
Internal validity
10. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Z-scores
11. Process in testing concurrent validity
mental age
Cross validation
F-scale or F-ratio
range
12. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
statistically significant
Learn the shape of different distributions
Robert Zajonc
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
13. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Population & related
Concurrent validity
Reactance
confounding variable
14. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Selective attrition
Robert Zajonc
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
15. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
within subject
Objective tests (+types)
16. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Scientific approach
random sampling
Type I and II errors
Curvilinear relationship
17. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Draw-A-Person Test
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Word Association Test
Q-sort/measure
18. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Curvilinear relationship
Population & related
19. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
standard deviation (calculation)
Statistical regression
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Split-half reliability
20. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Content validity
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
21. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
within subject
Learn the shape of different distributions
predictive value
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
22. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Item analysis (reliability)
standard error of mean
Cross validation
independent variable
23. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Face validity
interval variables
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Statistical regression
24. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
One-way ANOVA
Statistical regression
T-test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
25. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
frequency polygon
Pearson r correlation coefficient
nominal variables
social desirability
26. Knowing how to do something
Field study
Fluid intelligence
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Acquiescence
27. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Intelligence
Learn the shape of different distributions
Variability
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
28. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Validity (+types)
Word Association Test
Statistical regression
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
29. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
ordinal variables
Alpha levels
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Scientific approach
30. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
T-score
independent variable
Two-way ANOVA
Standard normal distributions
31. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
generalizability
Reactance
interval variables
Achievement tests
32. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Lewis Terman
Field study
cross-sectional design
33. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Construct validity
cross-sectional design
statistically significant
Inferential statistics
34. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Alfred Binet
social desirability
One-way ANOVA
35. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
confounding variable
nominal variables
standard error of mean
36. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Intelligence
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Type I and II errors
37. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
range
Lie detector tests
Cross validation
Standard normal distributions
38. For children 6-16
between subject
Graphs (types)
Test-retest reliability
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
39. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Scientific approach
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
40. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Test-retest reliability
External validity (+types)
bar graph
41. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
mental age
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
random sampling
42. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Face validity
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Two-way ANOVA
Word Association Test
43. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Criterion-referenced tests
Meta-analysis
range
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
44. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
quasi-experimental design
Aptitude tests
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Fluid intelligence
45. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Alfred Binet
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Validity (+types)
Item analysis (reliability)
46. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Continuous data
Two-way ANOVA
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Intelligence
47. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
frequency polygon
Anne Anastasi
Reactance
Word Association Test
48. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
frequency polygon
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Linear regression
49. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
ordinal variables
Acquiescence
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
50. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
double-blind experiment
Population & related
Item analysis (reliability)
Mean IQ