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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Test-retest reliability
Achievement tests
predictive value
Factorial analysis of variance
2. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Alpha levels
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
cross-sectional design
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
3. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Internal validity
Learn the shape of different distributions
cohort effect
Projective tests (+types)
4. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Criterion-referenced tests
variance (calculation)
Draw-A-Person Test
statistics
5. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
range
Chi-square test
6. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Concurrent validity
Variability
Charles Spearmen
independent variable
7. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Factorial analysis of variance
Alpha levels
Construct validity
Demand characteristic
8. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Field study
Criterion-referenced tests
Draw-A-Person Test
frequency polygon
9. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
variance and standard deviation
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
10. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Z-scores
Type I and II errors
Demand characteristic
statistics
11. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
cohort-sequential design
Achievement tests
ratio variables
Criterion-referenced tests
12. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Draw-A-Person Test
Alpha levels
bar graph
13. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
generalizability
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Reactance
14. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Domain-referenced tests
Graphs (types)
Selective attrition
Two-way ANOVA
15. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
T-test
Content validity
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
16. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Graphs (types)
Rosenthal effect
stratified sampling
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
17. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Crystallized intelligence
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
interval variables
Aptitude tests
18. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
nominal variables
Pearson r correlation coefficient
ordinal variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
19. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Reliability (+types)
frequency polygon
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Standard normal distributions
20. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
External validity (+types)
cross-sectional design
Continuous data
Validity (+types)
21. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Variability
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Field study
cross-sectional design
22. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
variance and standard deviation
Alpha levels
predictive value
stratified sampling
23. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
interval variables
between subject
standard deviation (calculation)
statistics
24. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Word Association Test
Illusory correlation
Learn the shape of different distributions
Crystallized intelligence
25. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
percentiles
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
dependent variable
Test-retest reliability
26. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
within subject
variance (calculation)
T-score
Statistical regression
27. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
research design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
T-score
F-scale or F-ratio
28. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Alpha levels
Descriptive statistics (+types)
research design
Split-half reliability
29. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Variability
Construct validity
nominal variables
Correlational relationships
30. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Lewis Terman
statistics
Hawthorne effect
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
31. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Illusory correlation
Variability
Inferential statistics
Test-retest reliability
32. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Experimental design
cohort-sequential design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
33. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Validity (+types)
standard error of mean
Mean IQ
bar graph
34. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Correlational relationships
Illusory correlation
Null hypothesis
35. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
random sampling
between subject
Two-way ANOVA
ratio variables
36. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
cohort-sequential design
Learn the shape of different distributions
Curvilinear relationship
Objective tests (+types)
37. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Vocational tests
Longitudinal design
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
placebo effect
38. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
ordinal variables
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Test-retest reliability
39. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
percentiles
Reactance
Z-scores
Concurrent validity
40. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Illusory correlation
mental age
Continuous data
41. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rosenthal effect
Projective tests (+types)
42. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Draw-A-Person Test
independent variable
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Vocational tests
43. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
bar graph
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
placebo
44. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
placebo
Z-scores
Pearson r correlation coefficient
45. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Validity (+types)
interval variables
T-score
46. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Statistical regression
Julian Rotter
cohort-sequential design
Content validity
47. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
dependent variable
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Projective tests (+types)
48. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Population & related
cohort-sequential design
Crystallized intelligence
Domain-referenced tests
49. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Type I and II errors
T-test
variance and standard deviation
Achievement tests
50. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
placebo
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Crystallized intelligence
Nonequivalent control group