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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
Mean IQ
independent variable
Cross validation
2. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
percentiles
Item analysis (reliability)
Reliability (+types)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
3. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Meta-analysis
Intelligence
Descriptive statistics (+types)
histogram
4. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Test-retest reliability
Word Association Test
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
T-score
5. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Internal validity
Graphs (types)
Walter Mischel
6. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Rosenthal effect
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Selective attrition
7. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
bar graph
interval variables
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
8. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
dependent variable
Construct validity
Type I and II errors
T-score
9. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Longitudinal design
quasi-experimental design
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Type I and II errors
10. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Discrete data
within subject
independent variable
Aptitude tests
11. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
double-blind experiment
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Longitudinal design
Reactance
12. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Content validity
confounding variable
13. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
within subject
independent variable
Draw-A-Person Test
Mean IQ
14. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Selective attrition
Chi-square test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
between subject
15. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
mode
Acquiescence
Variability
placebo
16. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Graphs (types)
Charles Spearmen
histogram
17. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Inferential statistics
range
Acquiescence
nominal variables
18. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Achievement tests
Item analysis (reliability)
random sampling
predictive value
19. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
range
cohort effect
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
placebo
20. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
histogram
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Mean IQ
Standard normal distributions
21. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
within subject
standard deviation (calculation)
Experimental design
22. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
nominal variables
cohort-sequential design
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
F-scale or F-ratio
23. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
variance and standard deviation
percentiles
Inferential statistics
stratified sampling
24. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Intelligence
Internal validity
Q-sort/measure
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
25. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
variance (calculation)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
histogram
Null hypothesis
26. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenthal effect
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Criterion-referenced tests
Aptitude tests
27. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Cross validation
Curvilinear relationship
Split-half reliability
IQ Binet'S equation
28. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Concurrent validity
Null hypothesis
Descriptive statistics (+types)
29. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Correlational relationships
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
double-blind experiment
research design
30. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
bar graph
Correlational relationships
Acquiescence
variance and standard deviation
31. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
predictive value
Statistical regression
F-scale or F-ratio
Achievement tests
32. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Null hypothesis
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
ratio variables
33. The most frequently occurring value
Type I and II errors
mode
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
34. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Fluid intelligence
Field study
Frequency distributions (+variables)
cross-sectional design
35. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
T-test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Mean IQ
Content validity
36. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Nonequivalent control group
dependent variable
Type I and II errors
37. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
predictive value
Vocational tests
Learn the shape of different distributions
38. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
double-blind experiment
Statistical regression
Intelligence
39. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Statistical regression
Face validity
Demand characteristic
Test-retest reliability
40. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Curvilinear relationship
Inferential statistics
41. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Criterion-referenced tests
Nonequivalent control group
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
42. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Inferential statistics
generalizability
cohort-sequential design
Experimental design
43. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
standard deviation (calculation)
Internal validity
Lewis Terman
Anne Anastasi
44. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Factorial analysis of variance
ordinal variables
45. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
interval variables
Experimental design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Scientific approach
46. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
variance and standard deviation
dependent variable
Mean IQ
47. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Intelligence
independent variable
Word Association Test
between subject
48. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
within subject
Rorschach Inkblot Test
49. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Domain-referenced tests
standard error of mean
50. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Factorial analysis of variance
Lewis Terman
IQ Binet'S equation
Validity (+types)