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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
statistics
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Population & related
2. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Graphs (types)
Rosenthal effect
3. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Q-sort/measure
Charles Spearmen
4. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Split-half reliability
Julian Rotter
Reactance
Two-way ANOVA
5. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Cross validation
placebo
Z-scores
6. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Lewis Terman
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
median
Scientific approach
7. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
median
independent variable
Crystallized intelligence
cohort-sequential design
8. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Population & related
Type I and II errors
9. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
ratio variables
Graphs (types)
Word Association Test
10. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Robert Zajonc
Content validity
predictive value
ratio variables
11. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
dependent variable
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Reactance
variance (calculation)
12. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
mental age
Selective attrition
Concurrent validity
13. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
statistically significant
Split-half reliability
interval variables
Validity (+types)
14. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Alfred Binet
interval variables
Content validity
Criterion-referenced tests
15. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Learn the shape of different distributions
Achievement tests
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Internal validity
16. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Population & related
cohort-sequential design
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Statistical regression
17. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Experimenter bias
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Chi-square test
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
18. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-test
ratio variables
Frequency distributions (+variables)
T-score
19. For children 4-6
Vocational tests
Learn the shape of different distributions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Correlational relationships
20. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Achievement tests
predictive value
Standard normal distributions
Construct validity
21. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Criterion-referenced tests
Concurrent validity
22. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Demand characteristic
research design
dependent variable
23. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Rosenthal effect
Draw-A-Person Test
independent variable
Selective attrition
24. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
One-way ANOVA
Standard normal distributions
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
mental age
25. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Z-scores
Acquiescence
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
26. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Reactance
Linear regression
Domain-referenced tests
27. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
quasi-experimental design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Two-way ANOVA
Robert Zajonc
28. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Split-half reliability
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Graphs (types)
Chi-square test
29. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
Lewis Terman
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
predictive value
30. How the score are spread out overall
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Scientific approach
Discrete data
Variability
31. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Draw-A-Person Test
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
percentiles
cross-sectional design
32. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Discrete data
Scientific approach
Correlational relationships
33. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
percentiles
Concurrent validity
Rosenthal effect
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
34. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Alfred Binet
placebo effect
standard error of mean
median
35. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
placebo effect
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
36. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
generalizability
Rosenthal effect
Anne Anastasi
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
37. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
quasi-experimental design
Face validity
Graphs (types)
38. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
median
Mean IQ
39. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
standard error of mean
quasi-experimental design
Item analysis (reliability)
40. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Selective attrition
Reliability (+types)
Aptitude tests
Continuous data
41. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
Nonequivalent control group
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
variance and standard deviation
42. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Chi-square test
Statistical regression
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
cohort effect
43. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
mode
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
44. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Word Association Test
Variability
Continuous data
45. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Null hypothesis
Domain-referenced tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Hawthorne effect
46. Process in testing concurrent validity
Experimental design
Cross validation
normal distribution(+characteristic)
percentiles
47. Used most commonly on standardized test
Cross validation
variance (calculation)
Projective tests (+types)
percentiles
48. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Split-half reliability
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Discrete data
49. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
placebo effect
Variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
T-test
50. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Nonequivalent control group
Population & related
Z-scores
Frequency distributions (+variables)
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