SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
Illusory correlation
frequency polygon
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
2. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Variability
Content validity
3. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Nonequivalent control group
Illusory correlation
between subject
Item analysis (reliability)
4. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Inferential statistics
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Face validity
Continuous data
5. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Validity (+types)
Reactance
Intelligence
dependent variable
6. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
7. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Construct validity
Population & related
Julian Rotter
Split-half reliability
8. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
statistics
External validity (+types)
ratio variables
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
9. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
percentiles
Concurrent validity
Construct validity
Pearson r correlation coefficient
10. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
percentiles
placebo effect
between subject
Internal validity
11. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
Crystallized intelligence
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
interval variables
12. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
confounding variable
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
One-way ANOVA
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
13. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
nominal variables
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
within subject
14. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Population & related
Alpha levels
Achievement tests
15. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Discrete data
Julian Rotter
Longitudinal design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
16. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
External validity (+types)
Selective attrition
histogram
Spearman r correlation coefficient
17. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Rosenthal effect
Type I and II errors
Vocational tests
placebo
18. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
cohort-sequential design
social desirability
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
19. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
histogram
nominal variables
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
20. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
stratified sampling
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
quasi-experimental design
21. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
frequency polygon
Continuous data
Field study
Experimental design
22. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Lewis Terman
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Population & related
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
23. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Face validity
Validity (+types)
Correlational relationships
Alpha levels
24. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
cohort-sequential design
Linear regression
cross-sectional design
double-blind experiment
25. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Graphs (types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Null hypothesis
variance and standard deviation
26. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
Julian Rotter
Illusory correlation
between subject
27. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Chi-square test
Acquiescence
28. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Aptitude tests
standard error of mean
Draw-A-Person Test
Concurrent validity
29. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
percentiles
Null hypothesis
30. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Standard normal distributions
between subject
social desirability
Construct validity
31. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Crystallized intelligence
Field study
Julian Rotter
Discrete data
32. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
standard error of mean
Reactance
Q-sort/measure
Frequency distributions (+variables)
33. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Content validity
variance and standard deviation
Learn the shape of different distributions
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
34. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Chi-square test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
double-blind experiment
Robert Zajonc
35. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Content validity
Intelligence
Concurrent validity
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
36. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Null hypothesis
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Mean IQ
37. How the score are spread out overall
Fluid intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Illusory correlation
Variability
38. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
standard error of mean
social desirability
nominal variables
39. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
within subject
Walter Mischel
Statistical regression
40. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
range
ordinal variables
Achievement tests
41. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Longitudinal design
Criterion-referenced tests
research design
External validity (+types)
42. For children 4-6
T-test
dependent variable
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
generalizability
43. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
cross-sectional design
statistically significant
Learn the shape of different distributions
44. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
predictive value
45. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Item analysis (reliability)
Draw-A-Person Test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
46. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Concurrent validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Inferential statistics
generalizability
47. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Field study
Face validity
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Selective attrition
48. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Selective attrition
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Charles Spearmen
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
49. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Walter Mischel
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Population & related
Aptitude tests
50. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Alfred Binet
Scientific approach
frequency polygon