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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Alpha levels
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
random sampling
Anne Anastasi
2. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Objective tests (+types)
cohort-sequential design
3. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Charles Spearmen
nominal variables
Continuous data
4. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Validity (+types)
Reliability (+types)
double-blind experiment
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
5. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
social desirability
histogram
statistically significant
range
6. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
generalizability
confounding variable
histogram
Cross validation
7. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Internal validity
Objective tests (+types)
Draw-A-Person Test
predictive value
8. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
frequency polygon
One-way ANOVA
confounding variable
9. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Q-sort/measure
Illusory correlation
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Projective tests (+types)
10. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Meta-analysis
T-score
Objective tests (+types)
11. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
F-scale or F-ratio
Field study
Anne Anastasi
12. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
within subject
interval variables
Word Association Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
13. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
generalizability
Vocational tests
Chi-square test
Continuous data
14. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Pearson r correlation coefficient
variance and standard deviation
Null hypothesis
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
15. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Variability
Q-sort/measure
Standard normal distributions
16. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Graphs (types)
stratified sampling
Nonequivalent control group
17. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
ordinal variables
Standard normal distributions
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Projective tests (+types)
18. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
standard deviation (calculation)
cohort effect
Field study
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
19. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
cross-sectional design
Julian Rotter
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
20. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Alfred Binet
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Inferential statistics
21. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
statistics
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
mental age
22. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Correlational relationships
Cross validation
Descriptive statistics (+types)
23. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
ordinal variables
T-test
Curvilinear relationship
24. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Objective tests (+types)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Rosenthal effect
Demand characteristic
25. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
double-blind experiment
Concurrent validity
within subject
predictive value
26. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
variance and standard deviation
Objective tests (+types)
F-scale or F-ratio
T-test
27. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Lewis Terman
Z-scores
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Intelligence
28. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Inferential statistics
statistically significant
Lie detector tests
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
29. How the score are spread out overall
Two-way ANOVA
Reliability (+types)
Variability
Reactance
30. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Two-way ANOVA
cohort-sequential design
within subject
Variability
31. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
placebo
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Variability
32. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Graphs (types)
Alfred Binet
confounding variable
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
33. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
ordinal variables
Cross validation
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
34. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
quasi-experimental design
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Vocational tests
Julian Rotter
35. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Experimenter bias
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Inferential statistics
36. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Charles Spearmen
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Validity (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
37. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Statistical regression
Factorial analysis of variance
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Construct validity
38. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
cohort-sequential design
Learn the shape of different distributions
Reactance
External validity (+types)
39. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Split-half reliability
Internal validity
Experimenter bias
40. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
External validity (+types)
quasi-experimental design
ratio variables
random sampling
41. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Rosenthal effect
cohort-sequential design
Test-retest reliability
42. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
standard deviation (calculation)
histogram
ordinal variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
43. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Descriptive statistics (+types)
double-blind experiment
Two-way ANOVA
cohort effect
44. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Alpha levels
Pearson r correlation coefficient
cross-sectional design
Item analysis (reliability)
45. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Fluid intelligence
generalizability
Q-sort/measure
Longitudinal design
46. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
Mean IQ
Standard normal distributions
generalizability
47. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Domain-referenced tests
Two-way ANOVA
Correlational relationships
ordinal variables
48. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Julian Rotter
generalizability
T-score
Objective tests (+types)
49. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Correlational relationships
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Demand characteristic
stratified sampling
50. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
random sampling
Frequency distributions (+variables)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
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