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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
within subject
Pearson r correlation coefficient
cross-sectional design
Aptitude tests
2. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Lie detector tests
Graphs (types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
3. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
One-way ANOVA
Construct validity
Aptitude tests
IQ Binet'S equation
4. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Selective attrition
Anne Anastasi
Reactance
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
5. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
Spearman r correlation coefficient
research design
External validity (+types)
6. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
standard deviation (calculation)
Z-scores
placebo effect
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
7. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Intelligence
frequency polygon
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
8. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Reliability (+types)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Construct validity
social desirability
9. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Objective tests (+types)
Lewis Terman
statistics
Rosenthal effect
10. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
median
Two-way ANOVA
T-test
Domain-referenced tests
11. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
frequency polygon
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Discrete data
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
12. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
predictive value
Alfred Binet
placebo
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
13. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
frequency polygon
Walter Mischel
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
dependent variable
14. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
Experimental design
standard deviation (calculation)
statistics
15. For children 6-16
Longitudinal design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Learn the shape of different distributions
16. Used most commonly on standardized test
Face validity
Chi-square test
Factorial analysis of variance
percentiles
17. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Pearson r correlation coefficient
social desirability
random sampling
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
18. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
confounding variable
Content validity
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
19. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Item analysis (reliability)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
cohort effect
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
20. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Item analysis (reliability)
Experimental design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Inferential statistics
21. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
cohort-sequential design
median
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Descriptive statistics (+types)
22. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Anne Anastasi
IQ Binet'S equation
Learn the shape of different distributions
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
23. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Variability
Crystallized intelligence
One-way ANOVA
Curvilinear relationship
24. Knowing a fact
Lewis Terman
Julian Rotter
Cross validation
Crystallized intelligence
25. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
statistics
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Illusory correlation
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
26. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Domain-referenced tests
Correlational relationships
within subject
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
27. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Population & related
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Vocational tests
Rorschach Inkblot Test
28. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
quasi-experimental design
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Correlational relationships
Spearman r correlation coefficient
29. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Achievement tests
nominal variables
variance and standard deviation
dependent variable
30. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Item analysis (reliability)
median
mental age
Test-retest reliability
31. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
percentiles
Curvilinear relationship
32. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Concurrent validity
stratified sampling
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Word Association Test
33. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
within subject
IQ Binet'S equation
34. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Learn the shape of different distributions
Fluid intelligence
Chi-square test
Criterion-referenced tests
35. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Lewis Terman
Learn the shape of different distributions
ratio variables
Variability
36. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Statistical regression
variance and standard deviation
Concurrent validity
Vocational tests
37. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
cohort-sequential design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Item analysis (reliability)
Objective tests (+types)
38. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Discrete data
Intelligence
Split-half reliability
quasi-experimental design
39. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
placebo effect
Factorial analysis of variance
dependent variable
Type I and II errors
40. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
placebo effect
41. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
random sampling
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Lie detector tests
42. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
ratio variables
Statistical regression
Demand characteristic
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
43. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
percentiles
Z-scores
Alpha levels
44. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Face validity
Hawthorne effect
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
45. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Aptitude tests
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
median
46. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Illusory correlation
Z-scores
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
47. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
percentiles
Curvilinear relationship
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
48. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
External validity (+types)
Correlational relationships
Hawthorne effect
Reactance
49. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Robert Zajonc
variance and standard deviation
standard deviation (calculation)
Field study
50. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Anne Anastasi
median