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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Content validity
quasi-experimental design
Population & related
Intelligence
2. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Z-scores
Mean IQ
Alpha levels
interval variables
3. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Longitudinal design
Julian Rotter
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
4. The most frequently occurring value
research design
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
mode
Variability
5. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
cross-sectional design
variance (calculation)
placebo
bar graph
6. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Correlational relationships
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Walter Mischel
7. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Discrete data
Correlational relationships
Projective tests (+types)
cohort-sequential design
8. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Alfred Binet
histogram
Internal validity
Z-scores
9. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Validity (+types)
F-scale or F-ratio
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
10. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Lie detector tests
mode
independent variable
histogram
11. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenthal effect
Content validity
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
12. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Nonequivalent control group
placebo effect
IQ Binet'S equation
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
13. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Achievement tests
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Objective tests (+types)
14. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
nominal variables
Objective tests (+types)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
quasi-experimental design
15. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
External validity (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
median
variance (calculation)
16. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
double-blind experiment
dependent variable
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Scientific approach
17. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
Continuous data
placebo effect
Nonequivalent control group
18. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Population & related
Reactance
Julian Rotter
frequency polygon
19. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Rosenthal effect
statistics
Factorial analysis of variance
External validity (+types)
20. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Rosenthal effect
placebo effect
between subject
Mean IQ
21. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Concurrent validity
Acquiescence
Domain-referenced tests
Fluid intelligence
22. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Achievement tests
Experimenter bias
placebo
23. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Charles Spearmen
variance and standard deviation
Aptitude tests
Demand characteristic
24. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Concurrent validity
mode
Longitudinal design
Lie detector tests
25. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Alfred Binet
Walter Mischel
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Face validity
26. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
External validity (+types)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
27. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
Two-way ANOVA
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
predictive value
28. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Crystallized intelligence
interval variables
Variability
Type I and II errors
29. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Population & related
Graphs (types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
predictive value
30. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
generalizability
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Achievement tests
31. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Vocational tests
cohort effect
Acquiescence
Face validity
32. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
normal distribution(+characteristic)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
between subject
Draw-A-Person Test
33. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Crystallized intelligence
Projective tests (+types)
variance (calculation)
Item analysis (reliability)
34. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Hawthorne effect
standard deviation (calculation)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
placebo
35. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
within subject
Continuous data
Criterion-referenced tests
Curvilinear relationship
36. For children 6-16
bar graph
Crystallized intelligence
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
37. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Curvilinear relationship
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Lewis Terman
standard error of mean
38. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
F-scale or F-ratio
predictive value
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
T-test
39. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Aptitude tests
Linear regression
Field study
cohort effect
40. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Fluid intelligence
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
41. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
standard deviation (calculation)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Linear regression
42. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
mental age
IQ Binet'S equation
Intelligence
Hawthorne effect
43. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
One-way ANOVA
Crystallized intelligence
Split-half reliability
Validity (+types)
44. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
within subject
random sampling
standard deviation (calculation)
Correlational relationships
45. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Illusory correlation
Construct validity
Q-sort/measure
nominal variables
46. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Concurrent validity
double-blind experiment
Z-scores
stratified sampling
47. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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48. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Longitudinal design
Construct validity
Content validity
Validity (+types)
49. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Domain-referenced tests
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
double-blind experiment
Selective attrition
50. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Acquiescence
within subject
independent variable
Descriptive statistics (+types)
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