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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
ordinal variables
Z-scores
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Concurrent validity
2. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Charles Spearmen
Standard normal distributions
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
3. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
statistics
interval variables
range
Illusory correlation
4. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Demand characteristic
independent variable
social desirability
Objective tests (+types)
5. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Q-sort/measure
Intelligence
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
6. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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7. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Meta-analysis
standard error of mean
Spearman r correlation coefficient
8. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Aptitude tests
Correlational relationships
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
dependent variable
9. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Projective tests (+types)
Charles Spearmen
Achievement tests
dependent variable
10. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Longitudinal design
Cross validation
T-test
11. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
T-score
T-test
Projective tests (+types)
frequency polygon
12. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
interval variables
Standard normal distributions
Factorial analysis of variance
13. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Standard normal distributions
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Domain-referenced tests
Rorschach Inkblot Test
14. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Mean IQ
Field study
mental age
Chi-square test
15. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Inferential statistics
Rosenthal effect
cohort-sequential design
F-scale or F-ratio
16. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
cohort-sequential design
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Objective tests (+types)
research design
17. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Selective attrition
between subject
18. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
cohort effect
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Anne Anastasi
T-score
19. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Julian Rotter
Robert Zajonc
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Inferential statistics
20. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
statistics
nominal variables
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
21. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
predictive value
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Alpha levels
Type I and II errors
22. The most frequently occurring value
Construct validity
mode
Intelligence
Alpha levels
23. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Aptitude tests
quasi-experimental design
Mean IQ
Reactance
24. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
confounding variable
Criterion-referenced tests
Construct validity
random sampling
25. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Chi-square test
Scientific approach
ordinal variables
External validity (+types)
26. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
Statistical regression
Null hypothesis
Pearson r correlation coefficient
27. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Achievement tests
standard error of mean
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Factorial analysis of variance
28. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
dependent variable
Vocational tests
Charles Spearmen
29. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Anne Anastasi
quasi-experimental design
confounding variable
30. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistically significant
Crystallized intelligence
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
31. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
mental age
Split-half reliability
cohort-sequential design
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
32. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Intelligence
Split-half reliability
interval variables
Two-way ANOVA
33. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
statistics
Variability
34. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Longitudinal design
Split-half reliability
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
35. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Scientific approach
cohort effect
Linear regression
36. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
frequency polygon
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Scientific approach
37. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
mental age
between subject
interval variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
38. Used most commonly on standardized test
Alpha levels
generalizability
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
percentiles
39. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Lewis Terman
Inferential statistics
interval variables
Domain-referenced tests
40. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Rorschach Inkblot Test
dependent variable
Q-sort/measure
research design
41. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
ordinal variables
stratified sampling
placebo effect
Face validity
42. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Null hypothesis
Draw-A-Person Test
Construct validity
43. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
cross-sectional design
Continuous data
Two-way ANOVA
44. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
histogram
IQ Binet'S equation
standard deviation (calculation)
Fluid intelligence
45. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
Objective tests (+types)
variance and standard deviation
Domain-referenced tests
46. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Vocational tests
Population & related
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
47. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Experimental design
Face validity
bar graph
mode
48. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
External validity (+types)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Acquiescence
variance (calculation)
49. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
One-way ANOVA
Aptitude tests
Reactance
50. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
Fluid intelligence
Test-retest reliability
IQ Binet'S equation