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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
cohort effect
Learn the shape of different distributions
Hawthorne effect
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
2. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Mean IQ
Chi-square test
Experimenter bias
Lewis Terman
3. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
placebo effect
Rosenthal effect
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
4. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
dependent variable
Two-way ANOVA
T-test
5. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
variance (calculation)
6. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
F-scale or F-ratio
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Discrete data
Null hypothesis
7. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Meta-analysis
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Statistical regression
placebo
8. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
T-score
Face validity
Julian Rotter
F-scale or F-ratio
9. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Charles Spearmen
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Standard normal distributions
10. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
dependent variable
frequency polygon
Concurrent validity
Selective attrition
11. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
F-scale or F-ratio
Split-half reliability
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Variability
12. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
Anne Anastasi
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Lie detector tests
13. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
confounding variable
Statistical regression
Standard normal distributions
Vocational tests
14. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Content validity
mode
Word Association Test
Crystallized intelligence
15. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
random sampling
Mean IQ
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Intelligence
16. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
Experimental design
Construct validity
Split-half reliability
17. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Q-sort/measure
Curvilinear relationship
Rosenthal effect
T-score
18. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Concurrent validity
Objective tests (+types)
Acquiescence
confounding variable
19. Knowing a fact
Projective tests (+types)
Lewis Terman
variance (calculation)
Crystallized intelligence
20. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
predictive value
T-test
interval variables
Vocational tests
21. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Experimental design
interval variables
22. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
research design
Split-half reliability
Reactance
Statistical regression
23. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Meta-analysis
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Walter Mischel
Demand characteristic
24. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
F-scale or F-ratio
Field study
Longitudinal design
25. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Split-half reliability
quasi-experimental design
Experimenter bias
confounding variable
26. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Population & related
statistically significant
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
predictive value
27. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Robert Zajonc
Anne Anastasi
independent variable
28. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
interval variables
External validity (+types)
frequency polygon
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
29. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
Face validity
Vocational tests
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
30. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Walter Mischel
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Mean IQ
31. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Item analysis (reliability)
Draw-A-Person Test
Experimental design
mode
32. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
IQ Binet'S equation
within subject
Robert Zajonc
placebo effect
33. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
generalizability
Concurrent validity
Graphs (types)
Correlational relationships
34. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
random sampling
Discrete data
Content validity
Fluid intelligence
35. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Split-half reliability
mental age
36. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Anne Anastasi
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
ordinal variables
Alpha levels
37. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Lie detector tests
standard deviation (calculation)
mental age
Inferential statistics
38. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
random sampling
ANOVA/analysis of variance
double-blind experiment
statistically significant
39. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
Item analysis (reliability)
Criterion-referenced tests
normal distribution(+characteristic)
40. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
frequency polygon
Achievement tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
41. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Selective attrition
42. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Intelligence
Null hypothesis
Anne Anastasi
43. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Experimental design
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Word Association Test
Robert Zajonc
44. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
mental age
Statistical regression
Validity (+types)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
45. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Chi-square test
standard error of mean
Achievement tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
46. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Selective attrition
Scientific approach
statistics
47. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Walter Mischel
quasi-experimental design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
between subject
48. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
T-test
independent variable
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Meta-analysis
49. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Alfred Binet
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Illusory correlation
50. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
cohort effect
nominal variables
percentiles
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
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