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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Illusory correlation
T-test
independent variable
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
2. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Aptitude tests
social desirability
Draw-A-Person Test
Descriptive statistics (+types)
3. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Linear regression
Experimental design
within subject
4. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
double-blind experiment
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Rosenthal effect
Nonequivalent control group
5. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Null hypothesis
Achievement tests
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Statistical regression
6. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Standard normal distributions
histogram
T-score
Selective attrition
7. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Z-scores
Curvilinear relationship
between subject
mode
8. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Acquiescence
between subject
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
9. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
nominal variables
Illusory correlation
Descriptive statistics (+types)
T-test
10. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Draw-A-Person Test
Longitudinal design
One-way ANOVA
between subject
11. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
stratified sampling
Graphs (types)
Fluid intelligence
12. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Illusory correlation
Chi-square test
Type I and II errors
13. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Field study
double-blind experiment
F-scale or F-ratio
random sampling
14. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
between subject
Inferential statistics
statistics
Population & related
15. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
social desirability
Alfred Binet
between subject
histogram
16. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
variance and standard deviation
quasi-experimental design
cohort-sequential design
median
17. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Selective attrition
T-test
confounding variable
interval variables
18. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Cross validation
F-scale or F-ratio
mode
cohort-sequential design
19. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Graphs (types)
Objective tests (+types)
Discrete data
independent variable
20. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Test-retest reliability
generalizability
Q-sort/measure
21. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Alfred Binet
bar graph
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
standard deviation (calculation)
22. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
nominal variables
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
statistically significant
social desirability
23. For children 4-6
IQ Binet'S equation
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
T-score
Anne Anastasi
24. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Content validity
Type I and II errors
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
25. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
T-score
ordinal variables
Aptitude tests
Criterion-referenced tests
26. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
dependent variable
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Cross validation
27. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Alfred Binet
Scientific approach
Longitudinal design
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
28. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Continuous data
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Walter Mischel
Factorial analysis of variance
29. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
interval variables
predictive value
ANOVA/analysis of variance
30. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Standard normal distributions
Split-half reliability
interval variables
Continuous data
31. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
social desirability
statistics
ratio variables
Field study
32. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
mode
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
independent variable
33. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Split-half reliability
confounding variable
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
34. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
ratio variables
Longitudinal design
Correlational relationships
35. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
mode
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
36. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Scientific approach
Continuous data
ordinal variables
Experimenter bias
37. For children 6-16
Content validity
Face validity
Item analysis (reliability)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
38. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
placebo effect
cohort effect
percentiles
39. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Vocational tests
bar graph
Test-retest reliability
Statistical regression
40. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
histogram
Fluid intelligence
quasi-experimental design
Inferential statistics
41. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Spearman r correlation coefficient
42. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
standard error of mean
social desirability
Achievement tests
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
43. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Item analysis (reliability)
Projective tests (+types)
Walter Mischel
Selective attrition
44. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
histogram
Intelligence
Inferential statistics
Construct validity
45. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
statistically significant
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Construct validity
46. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Meta-analysis
Content validity
Continuous data
Rorschach Inkblot Test
47. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Selective attrition
ordinal variables
Lie detector tests
48. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
Aptitude tests
Z-scores
ordinal variables
49. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
predictive value
independent variable
statistically significant
50. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Alfred Binet
percentiles
Julian Rotter