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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Demand characteristic
Aptitude tests
Content validity
independent variable
2. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Projective tests (+types)
independent variable
Lewis Terman
Acquiescence
3. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
histogram
Discrete data
Illusory correlation
4. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Learn the shape of different distributions
mode
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
dependent variable
5. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
dependent variable
IQ Binet'S equation
6. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Longitudinal design
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Continuous data
variance and standard deviation
7. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Standard normal distributions
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Experimenter bias
bar graph
8. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Alpha levels
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Field study
9. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
External validity (+types)
quasi-experimental design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
stratified sampling
10. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Experimenter bias
variance and standard deviation
Experimental design
Projective tests (+types)
11. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Variability
generalizability
Intelligence
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
12. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Reliability (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Variability
variance (calculation)
13. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Internal validity
Meta-analysis
Content validity
Selective attrition
14. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lie detector tests
Draw-A-Person Test
generalizability
Charles Spearmen
15. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
within subject
IQ Binet'S equation
Julian Rotter
independent variable
16. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Factorial analysis of variance
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Experimental design
cross-sectional design
17. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Achievement tests
Test-retest reliability
Item analysis (reliability)
18. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Vocational tests
Criterion-referenced tests
Curvilinear relationship
Intelligence
19. For children 6-16
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
mental age
Two-way ANOVA
Spearman r correlation coefficient
20. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
External validity (+types)
placebo
Achievement tests
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
21. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Meta-analysis
Learn the shape of different distributions
mental age
Concurrent validity
22. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Two-way ANOVA
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
23. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
ratio variables
IQ Binet'S equation
Chi-square test
Criterion-referenced tests
24. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Concurrent validity
Two-way ANOVA
double-blind experiment
Charles Spearmen
25. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Anne Anastasi
Walter Mischel
Construct validity
Split-half reliability
26. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Anne Anastasi
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
range
F-scale or F-ratio
27. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
cohort-sequential design
Vocational tests
independent variable
28. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Continuous data
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
29. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Split-half reliability
Nonequivalent control group
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
IQ Binet'S equation
30. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Inferential statistics
variance and standard deviation
Construct validity
Criterion-referenced tests
31. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
Graphs (types)
predictive value
Scientific approach
32. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
ordinal variables
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Achievement tests
33. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Internal validity
interval variables
Lewis Terman
Objective tests (+types)
34. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
ratio variables
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
research design
35. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
F-scale or F-ratio
Statistical regression
Draw-A-Person Test
range
36. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
stratified sampling
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
37. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Concurrent validity
Julian Rotter
Internal validity
mental age
38. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Vocational tests
Reliability (+types)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Reactance
39. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Type I and II errors
frequency polygon
independent variable
40. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Continuous data
Mean IQ
interval variables
Split-half reliability
41. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Lewis Terman
Curvilinear relationship
dependent variable
Reactance
42. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
statistically significant
Julian Rotter
Learn the shape of different distributions
Curvilinear relationship
43. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
double-blind experiment
Two-way ANOVA
44. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Construct validity
Lewis Terman
Chi-square test
45. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Q-sort/measure
predictive value
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
46. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Statistical regression
interval variables
Curvilinear relationship
47. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
standard error of mean
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Word Association Test
48. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Discrete data
statistically significant
Validity (+types)
49. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Rosenthal effect
Cross validation
Domain-referenced tests
nominal variables
50. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
quasi-experimental design
Curvilinear relationship
Word Association Test
Meta-analysis