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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
stratified sampling
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Alpha levels
Pearson r correlation coefficient
2. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
histogram
Illusory correlation
confounding variable
mental age
3. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
independent variable
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Criterion-referenced tests
4. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Word Association Test
double-blind experiment
Z-scores
Pearson r correlation coefficient
5. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Construct validity
One-way ANOVA
6. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
Factorial analysis of variance
bar graph
Hawthorne effect
7. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Standard normal distributions
Reliability (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
frequency polygon
8. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Discrete data
Two-way ANOVA
nominal variables
9. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
Lewis Terman
social desirability
Validity (+types)
10. The most frequently occurring value
Descriptive statistics (+types)
mental age
placebo
mode
11. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Anne Anastasi
Cross validation
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
12. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
variance and standard deviation
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
T-score
Lewis Terman
13. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
T-score
Draw-A-Person Test
cross-sectional design
Reactance
14. Used most commonly on standardized test
cohort-sequential design
Nonequivalent control group
percentiles
variance and standard deviation
15. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Inferential statistics
ordinal variables
16. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
External validity (+types)
statistically significant
Lie detector tests
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
17. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Longitudinal design
random sampling
Alpha levels
Chi-square test
18. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Scientific approach
between subject
mental age
Objective tests (+types)
19. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
statistics
Projective tests (+types)
Criterion-referenced tests
Meta-analysis
20. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Cross validation
Demand characteristic
T-score
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
21. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
F-scale or F-ratio
variance (calculation)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
22. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Learn the shape of different distributions
quasi-experimental design
IQ Binet'S equation
Population & related
23. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Anne Anastasi
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
confounding variable
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
24. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Anne Anastasi
Face validity
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
25. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Validity (+types)
T-score
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
26. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Content validity
Vocational tests
variance (calculation)
Selective attrition
27. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Learn the shape of different distributions
Inferential statistics
28. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Experimenter bias
standard deviation (calculation)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
29. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
ordinal variables
dependent variable
Hawthorne effect
30. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Concurrent validity
Learn the shape of different distributions
Cross validation
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
31. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Split-half reliability
Alpha levels
Demand characteristic
Walter Mischel
32. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Rosenthal effect
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Intelligence
standard deviation (calculation)
33. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Split-half reliability
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
34. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Acquiescence
percentiles
within subject
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
35. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
IQ Binet'S equation
median
cohort-sequential design
Experimental design
36. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Variability
range
cross-sectional design
Selective attrition
37. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
standard deviation (calculation)
Reliability (+types)
standard error of mean
External validity (+types)
38. Process in testing concurrent validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Cross validation
Z-scores
39. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
IQ Binet'S equation
Experimenter bias
Q-sort/measure
random sampling
40. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
ordinal variables
F-scale or F-ratio
variance (calculation)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
41. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
Julian Rotter
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Crystallized intelligence
42. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
predictive value
Julian Rotter
cohort effect
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
43. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Hawthorne effect
Linear regression
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
44. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Lie detector tests
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Frequency distributions (+variables)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
45. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
variance (calculation)
Graphs (types)
median
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
46. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
standard error of mean
F-scale or F-ratio
Draw-A-Person Test
47. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Type I and II errors
ratio variables
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
48. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
Word Association Test
predictive value
Two-way ANOVA
49. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Word Association Test
Learn the shape of different distributions
independent variable
50. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Continuous data
cohort effect
Construct validity
placebo