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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Objective tests (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Standard normal distributions
2. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Standard normal distributions
Selective attrition
Discrete data
3. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Domain-referenced tests
Continuous data
Factorial analysis of variance
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
4. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Standard normal distributions
Nonequivalent control group
Demand characteristic
ANOVA/analysis of variance
5. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
placebo effect
Demand characteristic
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Hawthorne effect
6. Used most commonly on standardized test
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
percentiles
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rosenthal effect
7. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Charles Spearmen
standard deviation (calculation)
IQ Binet'S equation
Word Association Test
8. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenthal effect
Demand characteristic
Walter Mischel
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
9. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Split-half reliability
Construct validity
confounding variable
normal distribution(+characteristic)
10. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Anne Anastasi
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Aptitude tests
independent variable
11. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Lewis Terman
standard deviation (calculation)
Linear regression
ordinal variables
12. Knowing a fact
cross-sectional design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Crystallized intelligence
IQ Binet'S equation
13. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Linear regression
Split-half reliability
Objective tests (+types)
14. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistics
statistically significant
Reactance
Objective tests (+types)
15. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Descriptive statistics (+types)
statistics
Longitudinal design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
16. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Acquiescence
Test-retest reliability
Lie detector tests
Type I and II errors
17. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Chi-square test
Lewis Terman
Validity (+types)
Face validity
18. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
interval variables
Alfred Binet
Chi-square test
standard deviation (calculation)
19. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Cross validation
cross-sectional design
Achievement tests
ordinal variables
20. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
External validity (+types)
Internal validity
variance and standard deviation
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
21. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Standard normal distributions
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
ratio variables
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
22. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
confounding variable
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
mental age
Projective tests (+types)
23. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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24. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Internal validity
Mean IQ
statistics
Construct validity
25. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
independent variable
One-way ANOVA
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
26. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Robert Zajonc
Anne Anastasi
Rosenthal effect
Face validity
27. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
standard error of mean
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Q-sort/measure
Word Association Test
28. For children 6-16
Continuous data
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Domain-referenced tests
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
29. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Content validity
Scientific approach
standard error of mean
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
30. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
social desirability
One-way ANOVA
Robert Zajonc
Mean IQ
31. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Linear regression
Achievement tests
range
Rosenthal effect
32. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
bar graph
Graphs (types)
Continuous data
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
33. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
between subject
Standard normal distributions
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
34. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Validity (+types)
Meta-analysis
Correlational relationships
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
35. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
confounding variable
T-score
36. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
research design
mental age
frequency polygon
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
37. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Two-way ANOVA
generalizability
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
cross-sectional design
38. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
standard error of mean
Z-scores
Graphs (types)
39. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Spearman r correlation coefficient
placebo effect
Curvilinear relationship
Test-retest reliability
40. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
predictive value
stratified sampling
Correlational relationships
ANOVA/analysis of variance
41. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Acquiescence
Mean IQ
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Curvilinear relationship
42. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
within subject
Split-half reliability
bar graph
interval variables
43. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
dependent variable
Continuous data
44. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Variability
Alpha levels
within subject
variance and standard deviation
45. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
cohort effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
IQ Binet'S equation
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
46. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
External validity (+types)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
T-test
Longitudinal design
47. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
External validity (+types)
Anne Anastasi
quasi-experimental design
range
48. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Test-retest reliability
placebo effect
Projective tests (+types)
range
49. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
One-way ANOVA
standard deviation (calculation)
quasi-experimental design
50. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Continuous data
Concurrent validity
Acquiescence
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)