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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Internal validity
Meta-analysis
Face validity
2. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
IQ Binet'S equation
stratified sampling
random sampling
histogram
3. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Split-half reliability
4. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
IQ Binet'S equation
Draw-A-Person Test
Field study
research design
5. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Internal validity
histogram
Projective tests (+types)
6. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
standard deviation (calculation)
Z-scores
Test-retest reliability
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
7. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
T-score
Mean IQ
within subject
Internal validity
8. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
placebo
Rosenthal effect
Z-scores
Q-sort/measure
9. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Standard normal distributions
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Mean IQ
10. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
confounding variable
Projective tests (+types)
Concurrent validity
within subject
11. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
External validity (+types)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
normal distribution(+characteristic)
F-scale or F-ratio
12. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
ordinal variables
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
One-way ANOVA
stratified sampling
13. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
nominal variables
mental age
dependent variable
Intelligence
14. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
frequency polygon
One-way ANOVA
Nonequivalent control group
Vocational tests
15. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
T-score
Illusory correlation
Longitudinal design
standard deviation (calculation)
16. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Factorial analysis of variance
Selective attrition
Inferential statistics
statistics
17. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
percentiles
Chi-square test
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Rosenthal effect
18. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
Cross validation
median
quasi-experimental design
19. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Objective tests (+types)
Inferential statistics
Aptitude tests
Field study
20. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
T-test
Domain-referenced tests
Continuous data
21. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
standard error of mean
Graphs (types)
variance (calculation)
Content validity
22. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Robert Zajonc
Type I and II errors
percentiles
Longitudinal design
23. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
IQ Binet'S equation
24. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Objective tests (+types)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
statistics
variance and standard deviation
25. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
double-blind experiment
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
frequency polygon
26. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
predictive value
Cross validation
27. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Item analysis (reliability)
research design
dependent variable
28. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
Rosenthal effect
Linear regression
dependent variable
29. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Hawthorne effect
Scientific approach
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
30. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Split-half reliability
Discrete data
between subject
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
31. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Z-scores
Content validity
Test-retest reliability
Walter Mischel
32. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Split-half reliability
median
double-blind experiment
33. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
Intelligence
frequency polygon
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
34. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
T-test
stratified sampling
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Alfred Binet
35. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
confounding variable
Type I and II errors
stratified sampling
Learn the shape of different distributions
36. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Split-half reliability
Statistical regression
37. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Criterion-referenced tests
independent variable
38. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Face validity
variance (calculation)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
39. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
standard deviation (calculation)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Validity (+types)
Longitudinal design
40. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
independent variable
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Acquiescence
Projective tests (+types)
41. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Selective attrition
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Null hypothesis
42. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Validity (+types)
histogram
Rorschach Inkblot Test
43. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
frequency polygon
Variability
Continuous data
Concurrent validity
44. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Scientific approach
Experimental design
Lewis Terman
Item analysis (reliability)
45. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
stratified sampling
standard deviation (calculation)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
46. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Reactance
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Alpha levels
F-scale or F-ratio
47. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
research design
standard error of mean
Content validity
Aptitude tests
48. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Construct validity
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Experimenter bias
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
49. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
Selective attrition
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Demand characteristic
50. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
social desirability
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
One-way ANOVA
Lewis Terman