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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For children 4-6
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Selective attrition
Curvilinear relationship
2. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
One-way ANOVA
Mean IQ
Selective attrition
3. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Lewis Terman
T-test
Correlational relationships
4. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Linear regression
Walter Mischel
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Descriptive statistics (+types)
5. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
Z-scores
Charles Spearmen
median
6. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Cross validation
Curvilinear relationship
generalizability
standard error of mean
7. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
stratified sampling
mode
cross-sectional design
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
8. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Acquiescence
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Two-way ANOVA
9. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Scientific approach
Two-way ANOVA
Experimental design
Internal validity
10. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Concurrent validity
generalizability
mental age
statistics
11. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
Chi-square test
frequency polygon
cohort effect
12. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
dependent variable
generalizability
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
One-way ANOVA
13. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Intelligence
Criterion-referenced tests
Experimenter bias
stratified sampling
14. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Lewis Terman
Cross validation
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Face validity
15. Knowing a fact
double-blind experiment
Construct validity
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Crystallized intelligence
16. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Lie detector tests
ratio variables
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
17. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Julian Rotter
Selective attrition
standard deviation (calculation)
Robert Zajonc
18. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Experimenter bias
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Inferential statistics
standard error of mean
19. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Experimental design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
20. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Face validity
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Mean IQ
21. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Construct validity
Null hypothesis
Crystallized intelligence
Julian Rotter
22. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
between subject
Julian Rotter
Item analysis (reliability)
Field study
23. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistically significant
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Illusory correlation
Nonequivalent control group
24. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Pearson r correlation coefficient
25. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Two-way ANOVA
cohort effect
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
normal distribution(+characteristic)
26. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Nonequivalent control group
Chi-square test
histogram
27. For children 6-16
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Statistical regression
Test-retest reliability
cross-sectional design
28. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
variance (calculation)
social desirability
dependent variable
29. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Correlational relationships
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Type I and II errors
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
30. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Experimental design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
31. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Projective tests (+types)
cohort-sequential design
Concurrent validity
Learn the shape of different distributions
32. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Projective tests (+types)
Test-retest reliability
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Intelligence
33. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
External validity (+types)
ratio variables
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Walter Mischel
34. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Criterion-referenced tests
Word Association Test
Experimenter bias
35. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Aptitude tests
External validity (+types)
Crystallized intelligence
Null hypothesis
36. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Objective tests (+types)
nominal variables
Z-scores
stratified sampling
37. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
predictive value
Intelligence
Factorial analysis of variance
dependent variable
38. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Acquiescence
placebo effect
mental age
39. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
social desirability
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Discrete data
Q-sort/measure
40. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Objective tests (+types)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Chi-square test
41. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
External validity (+types)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
cross-sectional design
42. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Face validity
range
Field study
Learn the shape of different distributions
43. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Reactance
Meta-analysis
Julian Rotter
Face validity
44. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Lewis Terman
Factorial analysis of variance
Z-scores
mental age
45. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Acquiescence
Walter Mischel
One-way ANOVA
Anne Anastasi
46. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Discrete data
Internal validity
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Acquiescence
47. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Statistical regression
Content validity
Q-sort/measure
median
48. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Experimental design
statistics
percentiles
range
49. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
statistically significant
statistics
Continuous data
random sampling
50. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
cross-sectional design
standard error of mean
One-way ANOVA
Frequency distributions (+variables)