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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
placebo effect
statistically significant
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
bar graph
2. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Correlational relationships
F-scale or F-ratio
3. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Construct validity
Graphs (types)
Mean IQ
External validity (+types)
4. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Anne Anastasi
Content validity
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
5. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
frequency polygon
Demand characteristic
Internal validity
stratified sampling
6. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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7. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
Validity (+types)
Intelligence
cross-sectional design
8. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Reactance
quasi-experimental design
Illusory correlation
Lewis Terman
9. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Cross validation
nominal variables
predictive value
Learn the shape of different distributions
10. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Intelligence
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
social desirability
Chi-square test
11. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Field study
Two-way ANOVA
dependent variable
random sampling
12. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
frequency polygon
T-test
standard error of mean
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
13. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Selective attrition
Internal validity
Experimental design
14. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
confounding variable
Longitudinal design
Cross validation
15. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
T-score
Chi-square test
Nonequivalent control group
16. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
double-blind experiment
Rosenthal effect
Aptitude tests
quasi-experimental design
17. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Experimental design
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Experimenter bias
18. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Rorschach Inkblot Test
IQ Binet'S equation
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Mean IQ
19. Used most commonly on standardized test
Draw-A-Person Test
bar graph
percentiles
Scientific approach
20. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Learn the shape of different distributions
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Mean IQ
Rorschach Inkblot Test
21. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Validity (+types)
Lie detector tests
22. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Correlational relationships
generalizability
Meta-analysis
Linear regression
23. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
Intelligence
External validity (+types)
Curvilinear relationship
24. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Graphs (types)
variance (calculation)
Julian Rotter
Content validity
25. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Objective tests (+types)
Acquiescence
normal distribution(+characteristic)
within subject
26. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
between subject
Charles Spearmen
statistically significant
Reliability (+types)
27. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Criterion-referenced tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Type I and II errors
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
28. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Draw-A-Person Test
placebo
Linear regression
quasi-experimental design
29. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Population & related
30. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Draw-A-Person Test
ratio variables
statistics
31. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Factorial analysis of variance
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Q-sort/measure
32. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
range
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
normal distribution(+characteristic)
33. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
generalizability
within subject
mode
variance (calculation)
34. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Meta-analysis
Vocational tests
Inferential statistics
35. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
mode
Null hypothesis
ordinal variables
research design
36. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Face validity
Two-way ANOVA
cohort effect
37. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
percentiles
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Concurrent validity
frequency polygon
38. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Illusory correlation
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Reliability (+types)
39. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
cross-sectional design
Mean IQ
Scientific approach
Nonequivalent control group
40. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Experimenter bias
Hawthorne effect
Word Association Test
cohort-sequential design
41. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
External validity (+types)
Split-half reliability
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
cohort effect
42. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Null hypothesis
Variability
One-way ANOVA
Internal validity
43. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
interval variables
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Projective tests (+types)
44. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Z-scores
cross-sectional design
Lewis Terman
stratified sampling
45. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Variability
Curvilinear relationship
variance and standard deviation
46. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
generalizability
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Fluid intelligence
T-score
47. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Two-way ANOVA
Null hypothesis
Internal validity
48. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Reactance
Continuous data
Chi-square test
49. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
between subject
variance and standard deviation
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
50. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
mental age
Experimental design
Curvilinear relationship
Content validity