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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
IQ Binet'S equation
Variability
2. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Selective attrition
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Test-retest reliability
Two-way ANOVA
3. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
Z-scores
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
ordinal variables
4. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Julian Rotter
Meta-analysis
Frequency distributions (+variables)
5. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Fluid intelligence
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
standard error of mean
Alfred Binet
6. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Factorial analysis of variance
predictive value
T-test
Aptitude tests
7. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
mode
within subject
Z-scores
generalizability
8. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
dependent variable
Projective tests (+types)
9. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Test-retest reliability
Objective tests (+types)
Two-way ANOVA
10. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Cross validation
frequency polygon
standard deviation (calculation)
Q-sort/measure
11. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
stratified sampling
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Domain-referenced tests
Two-way ANOVA
12. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Two-way ANOVA
Anne Anastasi
Crystallized intelligence
Criterion-referenced tests
13. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
within subject
cross-sectional design
14. Process in testing concurrent validity
Cross validation
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Selective attrition
Linear regression
15. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Julian Rotter
dependent variable
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
standard deviation (calculation)
16. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Fluid intelligence
Reactance
Hawthorne effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
17. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
Internal validity
Validity (+types)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
18. The most frequently occurring value
predictive value
mode
variance and standard deviation
Statistical regression
19. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Population & related
research design
within subject
20. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
interval variables
Objective tests (+types)
Inferential statistics
21. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
within subject
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
variance and standard deviation
22. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Achievement tests
within subject
nominal variables
23. Knowing a fact
percentiles
Alfred Binet
Crystallized intelligence
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
24. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
histogram
Anne Anastasi
ANOVA/analysis of variance
predictive value
25. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
mode
range
Meta-analysis
Concurrent validity
26. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Selective attrition
Z-scores
Inferential statistics
Domain-referenced tests
27. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
variance (calculation)
social desirability
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
28. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
statistically significant
mode
External validity (+types)
Illusory correlation
29. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Charles Spearmen
Mean IQ
Nonequivalent control group
Item analysis (reliability)
30. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
31. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistically significant
frequency polygon
Internal validity
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
32. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Lie detector tests
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Julian Rotter
33. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
mode
Lie detector tests
percentiles
Inferential statistics
34. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Reactance
Test-retest reliability
35. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Walter Mischel
Linear regression
Scientific approach
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
36. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Anne Anastasi
Construct validity
Charles Spearmen
Discrete data
37. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Inferential statistics
Lewis Terman
between subject
Statistical regression
38. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Construct validity
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
39. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Robert Zajonc
Walter Mischel
Charles Spearmen
Pearson r correlation coefficient
40. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
bar graph
Field study
independent variable
T-score
41. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
social desirability
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
42. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
Z-scores
Inferential statistics
generalizability
43. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Cross validation
stratified sampling
Projective tests (+types)
within subject
44. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
predictive value
variance and standard deviation
45. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
One-way ANOVA
Objective tests (+types)
research design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
46. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Alfred Binet
Hawthorne effect
Face validity
Domain-referenced tests
47. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Nonequivalent control group
Learn the shape of different distributions
Content validity
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
48. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Word Association Test
statistics
T-test
between subject
49. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
cohort-sequential design
Internal validity
Julian Rotter
Statistical regression
50. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Word Association Test
Demand characteristic
Objective tests (+types)
standard deviation (calculation)