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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
T-score
Inferential statistics
Correlational relationships
Rorschach Inkblot Test
2. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
Split-half reliability
Statistical regression
percentiles
3. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Cross validation
Charles Spearmen
Objective tests (+types)
4. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Cross validation
Scientific approach
Split-half reliability
External validity (+types)
5. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Scientific approach
Concurrent validity
median
Frequency distributions (+variables)
6. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Anne Anastasi
range
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
7. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
predictive value
Cross validation
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
8. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Lie detector tests
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
9. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
range
Reactance
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Projective tests (+types)
10. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
Item analysis (reliability)
ratio variables
Charles Spearmen
11. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Illusory correlation
Intelligence
Objective tests (+types)
12. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Objective tests (+types)
Q-sort/measure
Null hypothesis
Correlational relationships
13. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Concurrent validity
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
T-test
14. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Population & related
placebo effect
Split-half reliability
random sampling
15. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
dependent variable
Experimenter bias
cohort effect
F-scale or F-ratio
16. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
range
Mean IQ
Type I and II errors
17. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Objective tests (+types)
variance (calculation)
Factorial analysis of variance
Alpha levels
18. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
ratio variables
Acquiescence
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Discrete data
19. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
placebo
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Intelligence
Curvilinear relationship
20. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Z-scores
social desirability
Demand characteristic
21. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Hawthorne effect
Discrete data
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
within subject
22. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Robert Zajonc
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
One-way ANOVA
stratified sampling
23. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
mental age
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Chi-square test
Construct validity
24. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
cohort effect
IQ Binet'S equation
25. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Continuous data
Mean IQ
Hawthorne effect
Rorschach Inkblot Test
26. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Objective tests (+types)
Alpha levels
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
ANOVA/analysis of variance
27. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Population & related
Reactance
28. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Factorial analysis of variance
Validity (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
29. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Q-sort/measure
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
30. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
interval variables
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
social desirability
cross-sectional design
31. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Alfred Binet
frequency polygon
Anne Anastasi
Lie detector tests
32. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
confounding variable
Lie detector tests
33. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Meta-analysis
Field study
Julian Rotter
statistics
34. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Intelligence
Pearson r correlation coefficient
social desirability
IQ Binet'S equation
35. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Z-scores
stratified sampling
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Face validity
36. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
placebo effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Factorial analysis of variance
37. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Population & related
Rosenthal effect
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Variability
38. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
T-test
Q-sort/measure
Null hypothesis
histogram
39. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Field study
cross-sectional design
statistics
F-scale or F-ratio
40. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
T-score
Word Association Test
Mean IQ
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
41. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Reactance
dependent variable
Test-retest reliability
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
42. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Item analysis (reliability)
Meta-analysis
Intelligence
Spearman r correlation coefficient
43. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
range
44. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Meta-analysis
Type I and II errors
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Criterion-referenced tests
45. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
mode
Discrete data
placebo effect
Hawthorne effect
46. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Standard normal distributions
ordinal variables
placebo effect
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
47. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Field study
confounding variable
One-way ANOVA
48. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Demand characteristic
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Experimenter bias
49. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Lewis Terman
normal distribution(+characteristic)
nominal variables
Field study
50. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Field study
Learn the shape of different distributions
generalizability
Spearman r correlation coefficient