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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
standard error of mean
Null hypothesis
Meta-analysis
Acquiescence
2. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
independent variable
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
variance (calculation)
External validity (+types)
3. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Alfred Binet
Standard normal distributions
Nonequivalent control group
interval variables
4. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Factorial analysis of variance
Curvilinear relationship
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
5. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
confounding variable
interval variables
quasi-experimental design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
6. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Face validity
independent variable
Spearman r correlation coefficient
7. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Correlational relationships
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Concurrent validity
8. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Acquiescence
Inferential statistics
normal distribution(+characteristic)
random sampling
9. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
within subject
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Reactance
Domain-referenced tests
10. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
placebo effect
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Test-retest reliability
Walter Mischel
11. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Alfred Binet
interval variables
T-score
12. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Alpha levels
Item analysis (reliability)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
13. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Cross validation
random sampling
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
IQ Binet'S equation
14. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Standard normal distributions
Meta-analysis
Aptitude tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
15. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Type I and II errors
Learn the shape of different distributions
research design
Face validity
16. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Z-scores
cohort effect
17. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Acquiescence
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Lewis Terman
18. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
mental age
Field study
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
19. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Validity (+types)
histogram
Split-half reliability
cohort effect
20. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
random sampling
variance and standard deviation
within subject
Discrete data
21. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
histogram
social desirability
Projective tests (+types)
22. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Word Association Test
ordinal variables
23. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Chi-square test
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Domain-referenced tests
Population & related
24. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Walter Mischel
nominal variables
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Aptitude tests
25. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
standard error of mean
Lie detector tests
Chi-square test
26. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Domain-referenced tests
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Meta-analysis
27. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Chi-square test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
ratio variables
One-way ANOVA
28. For children 6-16
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Achievement tests
Word Association Test
Descriptive statistics (+types)
29. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Robert Zajonc
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Internal validity
30. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
dependent variable
Intelligence
Demand characteristic
predictive value
31. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
T-test
Concurrent validity
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
confounding variable
32. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Cross validation
Item analysis (reliability)
Standard normal distributions
Crystallized intelligence
33. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
ratio variables
Alfred Binet
Crystallized intelligence
34. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
median
Longitudinal design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Spearman r correlation coefficient
35. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
standard deviation (calculation)
statistics
T-score
Domain-referenced tests
36. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Linear regression
One-way ANOVA
Reliability (+types)
37. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Test-retest reliability
mental age
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Longitudinal design
38. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Content validity
Reliability (+types)
Lewis Terman
variance (calculation)
39. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Meta-analysis
Curvilinear relationship
Illusory correlation
40. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Correlational relationships
T-score
Test-retest reliability
Standard normal distributions
41. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
range
Vocational tests
Longitudinal design
Correlational relationships
42. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Variability
frequency polygon
generalizability
43. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Chi-square test
confounding variable
44. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Draw-A-Person Test
Fluid intelligence
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Validity (+types)
45. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Aptitude tests
Construct validity
within subject
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
46. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
ordinal variables
Curvilinear relationship
statistics
F-scale or F-ratio
47. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
social desirability
Hawthorne effect
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Crystallized intelligence
48. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
confounding variable
49. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Experimental design
T-score
Content validity
50. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
random sampling
Graphs (types)
Type I and II errors
Spearman r correlation coefficient