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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
External validity (+types)
Type I and II errors
Split-half reliability
Item analysis (reliability)
2. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Curvilinear relationship
research design
Lie detector tests
Draw-A-Person Test
3. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Reliability (+types)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
cohort-sequential design
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
4. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
T-test
ordinal variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
5. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Anne Anastasi
Reactance
cross-sectional design
6. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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7. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Alpha levels
Continuous data
Hawthorne effect
Selective attrition
8. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Charles Spearmen
Scientific approach
Criterion-referenced tests
T-score
9. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Fluid intelligence
standard error of mean
generalizability
Lie detector tests
10. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
independent variable
Illusory correlation
Alpha levels
Item analysis (reliability)
11. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
placebo effect
One-way ANOVA
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
12. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
Alpha levels
ordinal variables
variance (calculation)
13. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Null hypothesis
cohort-sequential design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
14. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
cross-sectional design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Null hypothesis
Lie detector tests
15. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
standard error of mean
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Lie detector tests
Field study
16. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
quasi-experimental design
T-test
Domain-referenced tests
Intelligence
17. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Linear regression
random sampling
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
normal distribution(+characteristic)
18. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Intelligence
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Construct validity
19. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
double-blind experiment
External validity (+types)
20. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Q-sort/measure
Null hypothesis
Linear regression
21. Knowing a fact
Continuous data
Crystallized intelligence
Internal validity
frequency polygon
22. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Z-scores
cohort effect
Robert Zajonc
23. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Word Association Test
Population & related
Face validity
24. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Population & related
Selective attrition
25. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
T-test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
26. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
range
Learn the shape of different distributions
dependent variable
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
27. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Acquiescence
Lewis Terman
Demand characteristic
Fluid intelligence
28. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
histogram
Vocational tests
Aptitude tests
29. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
T-test
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Q-sort/measure
mode
30. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
standard deviation (calculation)
Selective attrition
ordinal variables
One-way ANOVA
31. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
placebo effect
Achievement tests
variance (calculation)
32. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
variance and standard deviation
Reliability (+types)
random sampling
Aptitude tests
33. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
nominal variables
Z-scores
ratio variables
34. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
predictive value
Intelligence
cohort effect
Draw-A-Person Test
35. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Lewis Terman
bar graph
Julian Rotter
36. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Experimental design
Descriptive statistics (+types)
cross-sectional design
Spearman r correlation coefficient
37. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Chi-square test
placebo effect
statistics
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
38. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Nonequivalent control group
Alpha levels
Aptitude tests
research design
39. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Chi-square test
stratified sampling
Projective tests (+types)
frequency polygon
40. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Q-sort/measure
ordinal variables
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
41. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
statistics
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Lie detector tests
T-score
42. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Null hypothesis
stratified sampling
placebo effect
Statistical regression
43. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
placebo effect
Variability
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Concurrent validity
44. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
T-test
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Reactance
Reliability (+types)
45. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Scientific approach
nominal variables
Mean IQ
External validity (+types)
46. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
Split-half reliability
variance (calculation)
T-score
47. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Lewis Terman
Learn the shape of different distributions
48. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
placebo
interval variables
generalizability
49. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
placebo effect
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
double-blind experiment
F-scale or F-ratio
50. For children 4-6
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Type I and II errors
Hawthorne effect
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)