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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters






2. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%






3. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)






4. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence






5. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are






6. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition






7. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning






8. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female






9. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person






10. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)






11. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type






12. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable






13. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant






14. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality






15. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)






16. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)






17. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach






18. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once






19. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'






20. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data






21. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc






22. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)






23. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution






24. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers






25. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample






26. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed






27. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none






28. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship






29. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)






30. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face






31. Used most commonly on standardized test






32. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance






33. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences






34. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them






35. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)






36. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable






37. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status






38. Knowing how to do something






39. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement






40. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist






41. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind






42. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind






43. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups






44. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50






45. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by






46. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent






47. Whether test items look like they measure the construct






48. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)






49. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it






50. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms







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