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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Curvilinear relationship
predictive value
Validity (+types)
placebo
2. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Achievement tests
Aptitude tests
Discrete data
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
3. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
ordinal variables
stratified sampling
Reactance
Rorschach Inkblot Test
4. How the score are spread out overall
quasi-experimental design
ratio variables
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Variability
5. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Construct validity
Intelligence
Criterion-referenced tests
6. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Population & related
Charles Spearmen
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Walter Mischel
7. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
random sampling
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
research design
Graphs (types)
8. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Alfred Binet
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
9. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Frequency distributions (+variables)
quasi-experimental design
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
IQ Binet'S equation
10. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Internal validity
double-blind experiment
statistics
Selective attrition
11. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
variance (calculation)
social desirability
Face validity
12. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
standard error of mean
External validity (+types)
Criterion-referenced tests
Correlational relationships
13. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Anne Anastasi
Standard normal distributions
within subject
14. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
nominal variables
double-blind experiment
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Draw-A-Person Test
15. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
independent variable
Linear regression
interval variables
Graphs (types)
16. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Content validity
nominal variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
17. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Type I and II errors
Alfred Binet
18. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Validity (+types)
Factorial analysis of variance
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
19. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
interval variables
Domain-referenced tests
Lie detector tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
20. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Face validity
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
confounding variable
21. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Variability
cross-sectional design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Null hypothesis
22. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
statistically significant
Rosenthal effect
Illusory correlation
nominal variables
23. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Anne Anastasi
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Two-way ANOVA
statistics
24. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Content validity
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Crystallized intelligence
25. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Standard normal distributions
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Two-way ANOVA
bar graph
26. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Reliability (+types)
Face validity
Frequency distributions (+variables)
median
27. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Experimental design
External validity (+types)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Charles Spearmen
28. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Statistical regression
Reliability (+types)
Intelligence
Concurrent validity
29. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Graphs (types)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Robert Zajonc
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
30. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
F-scale or F-ratio
31. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
social desirability
32. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
research design
Vocational tests
double-blind experiment
Selective attrition
33. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
F-scale or F-ratio
variance (calculation)
Projective tests (+types)
Face validity
34. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
statistics
cross-sectional design
Test-retest reliability
random sampling
35. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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36. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
placebo effect
quasi-experimental design
IQ Binet'S equation
placebo
37. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Inferential statistics
Selective attrition
independent variable
38. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
Q-sort/measure
Rosenthal effect
Anne Anastasi
39. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistically significant
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
External validity (+types)
independent variable
40. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Linear regression
Q-sort/measure
bar graph
41. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
mental age
research design
generalizability
42. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Julian Rotter
Selective attrition
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
43. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
mode
Reactance
External validity (+types)
44. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Criterion-referenced tests
Draw-A-Person Test
cohort effect
45. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Face validity
Charles Spearmen
frequency polygon
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
46. Knowing a fact
Z-scores
Crystallized intelligence
Concurrent validity
T-test
47. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Descriptive statistics (+types)
T-score
standard deviation (calculation)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
48. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Charles Spearmen
Experimenter bias
standard deviation (calculation)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
49. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Field study
Draw-A-Person Test
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rosenthal effect
50. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Population & related
nominal variables
Internal validity