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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
median
Objective tests (+types)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
variance and standard deviation
2. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
ordinal variables
Population & related
independent variable
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
3. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
Acquiescence
Chi-square test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
4. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alfred Binet
variance and standard deviation
cohort effect
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
5. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
One-way ANOVA
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
6. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenthal effect
Intelligence
Correlational relationships
placebo
7. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Field study
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Variability
8. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Experimenter bias
Reactance
dependent variable
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
9. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Continuous data
Cross validation
Variability
Null hypothesis
10. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
standard deviation (calculation)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Face validity
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
11. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
frequency polygon
nominal variables
Julian Rotter
Projective tests (+types)
12. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Criterion-referenced tests
variance and standard deviation
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
13. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Projective tests (+types)
quasi-experimental design
Julian Rotter
14. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Concurrent validity
median
15. How the score are spread out overall
Aptitude tests
random sampling
Nonequivalent control group
Variability
16. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Statistical regression
Factorial analysis of variance
17. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Reactance
Validity (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
18. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Intelligence
double-blind experiment
confounding variable
variance (calculation)
19. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
IQ Binet'S equation
frequency polygon
Z-scores
Alpha levels
20. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Reliability (+types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Hawthorne effect
21. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Achievement tests
histogram
Selective attrition
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
22. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
Hawthorne effect
Lie detector tests
nominal variables
23. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Criterion-referenced tests
Alfred Binet
range
bar graph
24. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Walter Mischel
Scientific approach
Field study
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
25. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
T-test
26. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
confounding variable
Acquiescence
statistically significant
cohort effect
27. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
External validity (+types)
Lewis Terman
Factorial analysis of variance
Rosenthal effect
28. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Q-sort/measure
Field study
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
independent variable
29. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Anne Anastasi
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
within subject
random sampling
30. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
F-scale or F-ratio
research design
Vocational tests
Inferential statistics
31. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Robert Zajonc
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rosenthal effect
32. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Two-way ANOVA
between subject
predictive value
mental age
33. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
mental age
statistically significant
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
34. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
F-scale or F-ratio
nominal variables
Word Association Test
35. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
research design
Aptitude tests
Intelligence
36. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Anne Anastasi
Learn the shape of different distributions
Split-half reliability
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
37. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
random sampling
interval variables
Reliability (+types)
38. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Fluid intelligence
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Experimental design
Draw-A-Person Test
39. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Type I and II errors
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
External validity (+types)
40. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Fluid intelligence
Population & related
Objective tests (+types)
interval variables
41. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Demand characteristic
confounding variable
quasi-experimental design
42. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
statistically significant
Aptitude tests
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
43. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
variance and standard deviation
predictive value
Scientific approach
frequency polygon
44. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Item analysis (reliability)
standard deviation (calculation)
Statistical regression
Frequency distributions (+variables)
45. Process in testing concurrent validity
range
Cross validation
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
dependent variable
46. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
within subject
stratified sampling
Learn the shape of different distributions
Fluid intelligence
47. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Draw-A-Person Test
standard error of mean
Item analysis (reliability)
cohort effect
48. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Selective attrition
Criterion-referenced tests
Concurrent validity
Projective tests (+types)
49. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
predictive value
cohort-sequential design
Crystallized intelligence
50. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Scientific approach
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach