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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Reactance
double-blind experiment
Inferential statistics
Charles Spearmen
2. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Item analysis (reliability)
Alpha levels
Factorial analysis of variance
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
3. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Nonequivalent control group
Illusory correlation
frequency polygon
Longitudinal design
4. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Robert Zajonc
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Reactance
Construct validity
5. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Test-retest reliability
Vocational tests
social desirability
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
6. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Graphs (types)
placebo effect
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Variability
7. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Illusory correlation
Achievement tests
standard deviation (calculation)
Walter Mischel
8. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
nominal variables
Construct validity
ratio variables
9. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
IQ Binet'S equation
cross-sectional design
Julian Rotter
within subject
10. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Scientific approach
11. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Scientific approach
External validity (+types)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Objective tests (+types)
12. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
predictive value
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Cross validation
13. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
mode
Lie detector tests
Type I and II errors
Continuous data
14. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
Discrete data
histogram
Rosenthal effect
15. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Robert Zajonc
frequency polygon
cohort effect
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
16. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Cross validation
Word Association Test
Graphs (types)
Fluid intelligence
17. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Nonequivalent control group
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
cohort-sequential design
18. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
cohort-sequential design
Descriptive statistics (+types)
predictive value
Two-way ANOVA
19. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Split-half reliability
Word Association Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Anne Anastasi
20. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Face validity
variance and standard deviation
quasi-experimental design
statistics
21. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Curvilinear relationship
External validity (+types)
within subject
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
22. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
between subject
T-score
statistically significant
Criterion-referenced tests
23. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Word Association Test
variance and standard deviation
Achievement tests
Walter Mischel
24. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Intelligence
ordinal variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
25. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Fluid intelligence
random sampling
interval variables
between subject
26. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Linear regression
Lewis Terman
Content validity
standard deviation (calculation)
27. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
placebo effect
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Illusory correlation
Construct validity
28. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Null hypothesis
Q-sort/measure
Pearson r correlation coefficient
29. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alfred Binet
Type I and II errors
percentiles
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
30. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Curvilinear relationship
Pearson r correlation coefficient
predictive value
External validity (+types)
31. Used most commonly on standardized test
generalizability
percentiles
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
32. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Julian Rotter
Aptitude tests
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Lie detector tests
33. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
T-score
Chi-square test
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
34. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Draw-A-Person Test
independent variable
IQ Binet'S equation
social desirability
35. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Aptitude tests
stratified sampling
Z-scores
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
36. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
External validity (+types)
Experimental design
Construct validity
Criterion-referenced tests
37. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
stratified sampling
Mean IQ
placebo
Spearman r correlation coefficient
38. Knowing how to do something
Vocational tests
Fluid intelligence
Reactance
Population & related
39. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Aptitude tests
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
40. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
placebo effect
range
ordinal variables
Null hypothesis
41. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Longitudinal design
Experimenter bias
Draw-A-Person Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
42. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Acquiescence
statistics
ratio variables
Word Association Test
43. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Vocational tests
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Julian Rotter
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
44. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Field study
Criterion-referenced tests
T-score
Reactance
45. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Curvilinear relationship
variance (calculation)
Experimental design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
46. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
statistically significant
Walter Mischel
range
47. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Test-retest reliability
Cross validation
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Face validity
48. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Hawthorne effect
T-test
Null hypothesis
49. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
interval variables
Acquiescence
Lewis Terman
dependent variable
50. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Julian Rotter
dependent variable
Discrete data
generalizability
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