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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
social desirability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Experimental design
2. Knowing how to do something
generalizability
mode
within subject
Fluid intelligence
3. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Cross validation
Alfred Binet
Inferential statistics
Discrete data
4. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Intelligence
Content validity
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Robert Zajonc
5. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
confounding variable
predictive value
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Julian Rotter
6. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
ratio variables
Discrete data
dependent variable
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
7. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
standard deviation (calculation)
Reactance
Reliability (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
8. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Field study
Experimental design
9. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Q-sort/measure
Null hypothesis
generalizability
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
10. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Domain-referenced tests
Correlational relationships
Z-scores
Frequency distributions (+variables)
11. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Longitudinal design
Illusory correlation
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Variability
12. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Split-half reliability
Cross validation
dependent variable
predictive value
13. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Pearson r correlation coefficient
nominal variables
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Criterion-referenced tests
14. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Content validity
Field study
Construct validity
15. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
social desirability
Objective tests (+types)
Statistical regression
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
16. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
range
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Mean IQ
17. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Test-retest reliability
Statistical regression
18. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
mode
within subject
nominal variables
placebo
19. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
ratio variables
Lewis Terman
External validity (+types)
Scientific approach
20. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Meta-analysis
Concurrent validity
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Validity (+types)
21. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
generalizability
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
percentiles
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
22. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Population & related
bar graph
Illusory correlation
Learn the shape of different distributions
23. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Anne Anastasi
standard error of mean
Achievement tests
Linear regression
24. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Variability
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
25. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Linear regression
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Domain-referenced tests
Cross validation
26. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Null hypothesis
Descriptive statistics (+types)
research design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
27. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Hawthorne effect
predictive value
Spearman r correlation coefficient
28. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
variance and standard deviation
Curvilinear relationship
Test-retest reliability
Aptitude tests
29. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
frequency polygon
ratio variables
T-test
30. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
between subject
T-test
Draw-A-Person Test
Demand characteristic
31. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Population & related
Walter Mischel
Null hypothesis
32. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
standard deviation (calculation)
frequency polygon
Spearman r correlation coefficient
cohort-sequential design
33. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Content validity
Charles Spearmen
Item analysis (reliability)
34. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
dependent variable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Nonequivalent control group
Meta-analysis
35. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Alfred Binet
Vocational tests
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Graphs (types)
36. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
Split-half reliability
mode
Walter Mischel
37. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
cohort effect
Learn the shape of different distributions
median
Concurrent validity
38. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Alpha levels
Internal validity
Correlational relationships
mental age
39. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Alfred Binet
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
stratified sampling
Experimenter bias
40. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
variance and standard deviation
Q-sort/measure
Longitudinal design
Selective attrition
41. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Split-half reliability
quasi-experimental design
42. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
statistics
Charles Spearmen
Robert Zajonc
Lewis Terman
43. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Vocational tests
Construct validity
One-way ANOVA
Nonequivalent control group
44. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Rosenthal effect
Construct validity
Acquiescence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
45. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
within subject
interval variables
normal distribution(+characteristic)
placebo effect
46. The most frequently occurring value
mode
F-scale or F-ratio
Alpha levels
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
47. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
frequency polygon
Null hypothesis
48. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Graphs (types)
Rosenthal effect
Scientific approach
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
49. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Reactance
Linear regression
Pearson r correlation coefficient
cohort-sequential design
50. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Meta-analysis
Q-sort/measure
cross-sectional design
between subject