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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Julian Rotter
Construct validity
Criterion-referenced tests
2. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Selective attrition
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
frequency polygon
3. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Linear regression
placebo
4. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
Construct validity
Graphs (types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
5. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Intelligence
cohort-sequential design
Alpha levels
statistically significant
6. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Cross validation
Vocational tests
Construct validity
statistically significant
7. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Standard normal distributions
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Concurrent validity
Julian Rotter
8. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
One-way ANOVA
T-score
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Rorschach Inkblot Test
9. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Objective tests (+types)
double-blind experiment
Criterion-referenced tests
10. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
cross-sectional design
Intelligence
11. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Variability
mental age
Illusory correlation
confounding variable
12. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Rosenthal effect
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Scientific approach
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
13. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Meta-analysis
standard deviation (calculation)
14. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Walter Mischel
Projective tests (+types)
15. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Statistical regression
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Item analysis (reliability)
16. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Criterion-referenced tests
Q-sort/measure
ratio variables
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
17. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Scientific approach
Two-way ANOVA
Alpha levels
18. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
median
standard deviation (calculation)
Face validity
bar graph
19. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
research design
Reactance
random sampling
20. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Intelligence
Factorial analysis of variance
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Draw-A-Person Test
21. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Validity (+types)
Concurrent validity
Longitudinal design
22. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
standard deviation (calculation)
research design
stratified sampling
Learn the shape of different distributions
23. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Curvilinear relationship
Discrete data
24. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
ratio variables
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
25. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
random sampling
External validity (+types)
Crystallized intelligence
Split-half reliability
26. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Aptitude tests
ratio variables
mental age
Meta-analysis
27. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
ordinal variables
Content validity
Meta-analysis
Standard normal distributions
28. Knowing a fact
Alfred Binet
Field study
Robert Zajonc
Crystallized intelligence
29. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Frequency distributions (+variables)
percentiles
Validity (+types)
30. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
cohort effect
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
T-test
Item analysis (reliability)
31. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
within subject
Lie detector tests
between subject
cohort-sequential design
32. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Demand characteristic
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Crystallized intelligence
variance (calculation)
33. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
Chi-square test
Lie detector tests
double-blind experiment
34. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Standard normal distributions
mode
within subject
F-scale or F-ratio
35. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Intelligence
Internal validity
Variability
36. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Null hypothesis
predictive value
median
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
37. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Linear regression
Validity (+types)
Meta-analysis
Domain-referenced tests
38. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
dependent variable
Acquiescence
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Vocational tests
39. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Cross validation
normal distribution(+characteristic)
standard deviation (calculation)
Q-sort/measure
40. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Alfred Binet
Experimenter bias
Two-way ANOVA
Anne Anastasi
41. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
IQ Binet'S equation
ratio variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
42. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
histogram
statistics
F-scale or F-ratio
43. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Alfred Binet
Z-scores
Walter Mischel
cross-sectional design
44. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Construct validity
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Factorial analysis of variance
45. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Learn the shape of different distributions
Illusory correlation
Population & related
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
46. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Julian Rotter
statistics
Acquiescence
47. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Z-scores
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Null hypothesis
Population & related
48. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Longitudinal design
Z-scores
bar graph
Aptitude tests
49. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Spearman r correlation coefficient
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
standard deviation (calculation)
50. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
One-way ANOVA
Achievement tests
Walter Mischel
dependent variable