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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
standard deviation (calculation)
Cross validation
Alfred Binet
normal distribution(+characteristic)
2. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
standard deviation (calculation)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
dependent variable
Two-way ANOVA
3. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Experimental design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
range
4. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
within subject
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
confounding variable
5. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Intelligence
cohort effect
placebo
dependent variable
6. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Content validity
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Rosenthal effect
7. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Statistical regression
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Rosenthal effect
Charles Spearmen
8. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Lewis Terman
Content validity
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Vocational tests
9. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Domain-referenced tests
F-scale or F-ratio
confounding variable
One-way ANOVA
10. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
mode
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
quasi-experimental design
11. For children 4-6
cohort effect
ANOVA/analysis of variance
cross-sectional design
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
12. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
range
Lie detector tests
13. For children 6-16
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
ratio variables
Construct validity
between subject
14. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Chi-square test
Concurrent validity
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
15. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Longitudinal design
Aptitude tests
Curvilinear relationship
placebo effect
16. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Test-retest reliability
Construct validity
Pearson r correlation coefficient
17. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Internal validity
Q-sort/measure
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
18. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Lie detector tests
Word Association Test
Continuous data
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
19. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
social desirability
Reliability (+types)
standard error of mean
standard deviation (calculation)
20. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
placebo effect
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
One-way ANOVA
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
21. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Inferential statistics
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
median
placebo
22. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
T-score
Standard normal distributions
23. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Intelligence
F-scale or F-ratio
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
24. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Draw-A-Person Test
Split-half reliability
External validity (+types)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
25. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
ratio variables
Mean IQ
between subject
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
26. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
variance and standard deviation
Illusory correlation
stratified sampling
Two-way ANOVA
27. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Vocational tests
nominal variables
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
28. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
Lewis Terman
cohort-sequential design
Population & related
29. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
standard error of mean
Statistical regression
Two-way ANOVA
30. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
standard deviation (calculation)
Construct validity
Draw-A-Person Test
Population & related
31. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Construct validity
Test-retest reliability
F-scale or F-ratio
Robert Zajonc
32. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
quasi-experimental design
Reactance
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
33. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Split-half reliability
cohort-sequential design
Linear regression
Word Association Test
34. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Hawthorne effect
Alfred Binet
range
Two-way ANOVA
35. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Continuous data
frequency polygon
T-test
36. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Content validity
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Statistical regression
37. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Test-retest reliability
bar graph
38. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Split-half reliability
Julian Rotter
Experimental design
39. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
generalizability
Objective tests (+types)
Acquiescence
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
40. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Content validity
placebo
Type I and II errors
stratified sampling
41. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
cross-sectional design
double-blind experiment
Meta-analysis
Continuous data
42. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
mode
Z-scores
Experimenter bias
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
43. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Alfred Binet
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Content validity
44. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Linear regression
Continuous data
45. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
statistics
Reliability (+types)
Nonequivalent control group
placebo effect
46. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
F-scale or F-ratio
placebo effect
Draw-A-Person Test
47. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Intelligence
Robert Zajonc
median
48. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Charles Spearmen
Rorschach Inkblot Test
placebo
interval variables
49. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Alfred Binet
standard deviation (calculation)
dependent variable
Walter Mischel
50. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Discrete data