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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Standard normal distributions
Learn the shape of different distributions
Mean IQ
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
2. Knowing how to do something
Correlational relationships
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Test-retest reliability
Fluid intelligence
3. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Word Association Test
frequency polygon
standard deviation (calculation)
placebo effect
4. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
Concurrent validity
One-way ANOVA
bar graph
5. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Demand characteristic
standard deviation (calculation)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
within subject
6. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
Variability
Two-way ANOVA
Reactance
7. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Inferential statistics
8. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Demand characteristic
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
confounding variable
Criterion-referenced tests
9. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Scientific approach
ratio variables
Aptitude tests
ANOVA/analysis of variance
10. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
Robert Zajonc
Experimental design
social desirability
11. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Selective attrition
Meta-analysis
Walter Mischel
T-test
12. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
External validity (+types)
Item analysis (reliability)
Aptitude tests
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
13. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
placebo effect
Fluid intelligence
Intelligence
14. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Meta-analysis
Longitudinal design
range
15. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Domain-referenced tests
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Factorial analysis of variance
Continuous data
16. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
research design
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
cohort-sequential design
Field study
17. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Crystallized intelligence
percentiles
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
cohort effect
18. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Objective tests (+types)
Rosenthal effect
Population & related
19. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
within subject
median
random sampling
20. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Objective tests (+types)
External validity (+types)
Rosenthal effect
nominal variables
21. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Learn the shape of different distributions
Word Association Test
Walter Mischel
ratio variables
22. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
median
Charles Spearmen
Experimental design
Correlational relationships
23. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Statistical regression
Z-scores
Demand characteristic
confounding variable
24. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Graphs (types)
predictive value
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Vocational tests
25. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
Split-half reliability
Alpha levels
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
26. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
standard deviation (calculation)
Mean IQ
normal distribution(+characteristic)
27. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Illusory correlation
Anne Anastasi
generalizability
Crystallized intelligence
28. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
cross-sectional design
mental age
social desirability
29. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
External validity (+types)
Curvilinear relationship
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Projective tests (+types)
30. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
statistics
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Reliability (+types)
Variability
31. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Continuous data
mode
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Discrete data
32. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Z-scores
frequency polygon
Acquiescence
mental age
33. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Item analysis (reliability)
Lie detector tests
cross-sectional design
between subject
34. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
placebo
Experimenter bias
statistically significant
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
35. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Anne Anastasi
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Item analysis (reliability)
Alpha levels
36. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Population & related
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Experimental design
37. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
placebo
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Correlational relationships
38. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Meta-analysis
ANOVA/analysis of variance
39. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
External validity (+types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Two-way ANOVA
Item analysis (reliability)
40. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Standard normal distributions
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Inferential statistics
41. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
mental age
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Learn the shape of different distributions
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
42. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Graphs (types)
random sampling
Charles Spearmen
Descriptive statistics (+types)
43. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Criterion-referenced tests
Factorial analysis of variance
standard deviation (calculation)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
44. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
IQ Binet'S equation
quasi-experimental design
Achievement tests
Item analysis (reliability)
45. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Word Association Test
Experimenter bias
Julian Rotter
Q-sort/measure
46. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
quasi-experimental design
Content validity
Aptitude tests
External validity (+types)
47. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
statistically significant
variance and standard deviation
Julian Rotter
Projective tests (+types)
48. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Standard normal distributions
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Robert Zajonc
research design
49. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Domain-referenced tests
standard error of mean
cross-sectional design
Vocational tests
50. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Projective tests (+types)
range
percentiles