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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
ratio variables
statistics
variance and standard deviation
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
2. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Demand characteristic
Word Association Test
Meta-analysis
Learn the shape of different distributions
3. For children 4-6
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Meta-analysis
4. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Curvilinear relationship
Vocational tests
Charles Spearmen
ordinal variables
5. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
Internal validity
Nonequivalent control group
ANOVA/analysis of variance
6. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Linear regression
range
Spearman r correlation coefficient
7. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
F-scale or F-ratio
One-way ANOVA
IQ Binet'S equation
8. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
variance and standard deviation
Longitudinal design
Null hypothesis
median
9. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
standard deviation (calculation)
within subject
Scientific approach
10. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Crystallized intelligence
stratified sampling
Content validity
Meta-analysis
11. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
confounding variable
Linear regression
Aptitude tests
12. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
frequency polygon
Walter Mischel
independent variable
cohort-sequential design
13. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Standard normal distributions
Demand characteristic
Julian Rotter
nominal variables
14. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Field study
Z-scores
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
15. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Cross validation
placebo effect
Chi-square test
interval variables
16. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Aptitude tests
generalizability
17. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
Content validity
Learn the shape of different distributions
Lie detector tests
18. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
placebo effect
stratified sampling
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Graphs (types)
19. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Q-sort/measure
statistics
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
20. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Lie detector tests
Chi-square test
Projective tests (+types)
21. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Content validity
Item analysis (reliability)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
22. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Statistical regression
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
23. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Standard normal distributions
Field study
Experimenter bias
24. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
independent variable
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Robert Zajonc
25. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
social desirability
Draw-A-Person Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Type I and II errors
26. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Linear regression
Discrete data
F-scale or F-ratio
Face validity
27. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Experimental design
Lie detector tests
Acquiescence
Factorial analysis of variance
28. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Experimental design
Split-half reliability
placebo
Alpha levels
29. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Descriptive statistics (+types)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Word Association Test
30. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Variability
Factorial analysis of variance
Intelligence
Correlational relationships
31. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Validity (+types)
confounding variable
Two-way ANOVA
Fluid intelligence
32. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Reactance
ordinal variables
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Intelligence
33. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Spearman r correlation coefficient
double-blind experiment
Graphs (types)
External validity (+types)
34. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
stratified sampling
IQ Binet'S equation
35. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Mean IQ
Null hypothesis
nominal variables
Achievement tests
36. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Fluid intelligence
predictive value
generalizability
Two-way ANOVA
37. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Alpha levels
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
38. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
mental age
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Scientific approach
39. Knowing a fact
Selective attrition
Crystallized intelligence
Inferential statistics
cohort-sequential design
40. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
variance and standard deviation
mental age
Descriptive statistics (+types)
IQ Binet'S equation
41. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Julian Rotter
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
ordinal variables
within subject
42. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Internal validity
cross-sectional design
generalizability
43. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
ratio variables
Criterion-referenced tests
Validity (+types)
Scientific approach
44. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Criterion-referenced tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Charles Spearmen
45. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
variance and standard deviation
Domain-referenced tests
Hawthorne effect
46. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Type I and II errors
Reliability (+types)
Discrete data
Chi-square test
47. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Discrete data
quasi-experimental design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
48. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Reactance
Discrete data
Julian Rotter
Scientific approach
49. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Fluid intelligence
Draw-A-Person Test
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
50. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Projective tests (+types)
Null hypothesis
Experimental design
Construct validity
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