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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Selective attrition
Standard normal distributions
Draw-A-Person Test
between subject
2. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
interval variables
confounding variable
Reliability (+types)
Lie detector tests
3. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
T-score
Vocational tests
Validity (+types)
Draw-A-Person Test
4. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
ordinal variables
Experimental design
Charles Spearmen
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
5. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
placebo
mode
Content validity
6. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
ratio variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
ordinal variables
7. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Construct validity
Anne Anastasi
placebo
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
8. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Correlational relationships
Learn the shape of different distributions
Internal validity
9. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
ANOVA/analysis of variance
variance (calculation)
Discrete data
Reliability (+types)
10. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Item analysis (reliability)
Illusory correlation
Q-sort/measure
ANOVA/analysis of variance
11. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
interval variables
placebo effect
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
between subject
12. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Linear regression
Content validity
Lie detector tests
statistically significant
13. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Crystallized intelligence
social desirability
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
bar graph
14. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
15. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
double-blind experiment
quasi-experimental design
mental age
16. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Scientific approach
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Reliability (+types)
17. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
nominal variables
cross-sectional design
Robert Zajonc
Lewis Terman
18. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
IQ Binet'S equation
Learn the shape of different distributions
random sampling
Vocational tests
19. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Acquiescence
Graphs (types)
Correlational relationships
frequency polygon
20. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
confounding variable
within subject
dependent variable
Validity (+types)
21. Used most commonly on standardized test
Graphs (types)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Vocational tests
percentiles
22. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Face validity
Construct validity
Statistical regression
Split-half reliability
23. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Pearson r correlation coefficient
confounding variable
One-way ANOVA
cross-sectional design
24. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Experimental design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
standard error of mean
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
25. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Curvilinear relationship
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Face validity
Experimenter bias
26. Knowing how to do something
bar graph
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Fluid intelligence
independent variable
27. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
F-scale or F-ratio
Experimenter bias
Mean IQ
placebo effect
28. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Rosenthal effect
mental age
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Word Association Test
29. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Type I and II errors
Selective attrition
Inferential statistics
Internal validity
30. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Graphs (types)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
variance (calculation)
Criterion-referenced tests
31. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Achievement tests
Crystallized intelligence
Field study
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
32. The most frequently occurring value
Z-scores
mode
Internal validity
Objective tests (+types)
33. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Field study
Demand characteristic
histogram
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
34. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
Lewis Terman
generalizability
F-scale or F-ratio
35. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Reactance
range
Acquiescence
placebo effect
36. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
cohort effect
mental age
Face validity
37. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Type I and II errors
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Reactance
Rosenthal effect
38. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
mental age
random sampling
Julian Rotter
quasi-experimental design
39. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Concurrent validity
placebo effect
generalizability
40. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Graphs (types)
Item analysis (reliability)
Concurrent validity
Acquiescence
41. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Chi-square test
Robert Zajonc
percentiles
Concurrent validity
42. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Robert Zajonc
mode
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Intelligence
43. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Illusory correlation
generalizability
confounding variable
Scientific approach
44. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
ordinal variables
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
One-way ANOVA
45. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Type I and II errors
ratio variables
dependent variable
Z-scores
46. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Curvilinear relationship
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Objective tests (+types)
Achievement tests
47. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
48. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Reliability (+types)
External validity (+types)
Experimental design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
49. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Learn the shape of different distributions
Longitudinal design
Null hypothesis
Frequency distributions (+variables)
50. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Vocational tests
cohort-sequential design
Z-scores
Field study