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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Domain-referenced tests
One-way ANOVA
2. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Factorial analysis of variance
frequency polygon
cross-sectional design
Hawthorne effect
3. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Nonequivalent control group
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
between subject
Fluid intelligence
4. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Cross validation
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Split-half reliability
5. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Longitudinal design
variance and standard deviation
Z-scores
Charles Spearmen
6. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Graphs (types)
Reactance
Frequency distributions (+variables)
variance (calculation)
7. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Anne Anastasi
Alfred Binet
8. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
T-score
quasi-experimental design
dependent variable
Criterion-referenced tests
9. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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10. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Descriptive statistics (+types)
statistically significant
Rosenthal effect
within subject
11. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Lewis Terman
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Spearman r correlation coefficient
histogram
12. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Robert Zajonc
standard error of mean
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
13. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
standard deviation (calculation)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Alpha levels
mode
14. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
cohort effect
Learn the shape of different distributions
stratified sampling
15. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
standard deviation (calculation)
ratio variables
Graphs (types)
Q-sort/measure
16. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
Cross validation
Item analysis (reliability)
cohort-sequential design
17. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
research design
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
18. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Reactance
Fluid intelligence
19. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Curvilinear relationship
predictive value
Factorial analysis of variance
confounding variable
20. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
random sampling
percentiles
Alpha levels
Descriptive statistics (+types)
21. Used most commonly on standardized test
Experimental design
Inferential statistics
percentiles
Nonequivalent control group
22. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Continuous data
percentiles
Descriptive statistics (+types)
statistically significant
23. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Draw-A-Person Test
Julian Rotter
histogram
24. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
research design
Learn the shape of different distributions
random sampling
Frequency distributions (+variables)
25. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
ratio variables
percentiles
Q-sort/measure
Experimental design
26. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Learn the shape of different distributions
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
double-blind experiment
Validity (+types)
27. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Concurrent validity
median
Statistical regression
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
28. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
F-scale or F-ratio
statistically significant
Longitudinal design
Projective tests (+types)
29. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
median
Test-retest reliability
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Lewis Terman
30. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
range
Concurrent validity
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
31. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Criterion-referenced tests
Robert Zajonc
ANOVA/analysis of variance
ratio variables
32. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Alfred Binet
social desirability
Test-retest reliability
Projective tests (+types)
33. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Acquiescence
Alpha levels
Correlational relationships
34. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Domain-referenced tests
One-way ANOVA
stratified sampling
Linear regression
35. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Reactance
placebo effect
Construct validity
nominal variables
36. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Longitudinal design
generalizability
Lie detector tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
37. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Projective tests (+types)
predictive value
histogram
range
38. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
percentiles
Field study
placebo
histogram
39. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
Scientific approach
random sampling
bar graph
40. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Cross validation
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Acquiescence
41. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Population & related
Objective tests (+types)
Curvilinear relationship
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
42. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rosenthal effect
43. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Criterion-referenced tests
Julian Rotter
T-score
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
44. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Correlational relationships
Anne Anastasi
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
cohort-sequential design
45. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Meta-analysis
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Item analysis (reliability)
46. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Validity (+types)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Fluid intelligence
47. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Demand characteristic
Face validity
Illusory correlation
IQ Binet'S equation
48. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Factorial analysis of variance
F-scale or F-ratio
research design
49. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
confounding variable
dependent variable
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
50. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
stratified sampling
mental age
Lie detector tests