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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process






2. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach






3. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind






4. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed






5. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution






6. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none






7. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters






8. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent






9. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency






10. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample






11. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group






12. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity






13. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half






14. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions






15. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution






16. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%






17. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)






18. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable






19. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory






20. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once






21. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out






22. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable






23. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s






24. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc






25. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)






26. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)






27. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions






28. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'






29. How the score are spread out overall






30. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'






31. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes






32. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence






33. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation






34. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance






35. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face






36. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not






37. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age






38. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period






39. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured






40. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability






41. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not






42. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature






43. Knowing how to do something






44. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set






45. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality






46. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups






47. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)






48. Used most commonly on standardized test






49. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space






50. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data