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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Construct validity
percentiles
Achievement tests
2. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Acquiescence
dependent variable
between subject
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
3. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
Null hypothesis
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Q-sort/measure
4. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
T-test
Item analysis (reliability)
Aptitude tests
5. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Item analysis (reliability)
Projective tests (+types)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Lewis Terman
6. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Linear regression
Type I and II errors
7. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Walter Mischel
Curvilinear relationship
Population & related
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
8. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Alpha levels
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Meta-analysis
9. Knowing how to do something
predictive value
placebo effect
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Fluid intelligence
10. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Graphs (types)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
double-blind experiment
11. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
T-score
cohort-sequential design
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
12. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
ordinal variables
T-test
13. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Mean IQ
Statistical regression
Intelligence
Reliability (+types)
14. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
cohort-sequential design
Vocational tests
Two-way ANOVA
dependent variable
15. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Concurrent validity
Cross validation
Selective attrition
16. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Null hypothesis
Demand characteristic
Learn the shape of different distributions
Spearman r correlation coefficient
17. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
social desirability
Validity (+types)
Discrete data
18. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Linear regression
predictive value
Hawthorne effect
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
19. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
quasi-experimental design
Chi-square test
Vocational tests
Null hypothesis
20. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Rorschach Inkblot Test
cohort effect
Q-sort/measure
Population & related
21. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Reliability (+types)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
interval variables
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
22. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Domain-referenced tests
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Julian Rotter
Aptitude tests
23. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Statistical regression
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Validity (+types)
24. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
social desirability
IQ Binet'S equation
Learn the shape of different distributions
25. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
frequency polygon
Chi-square test
variance (calculation)
26. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
standard deviation (calculation)
Objective tests (+types)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Illusory correlation
27. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Reactance
Scientific approach
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Criterion-referenced tests
28. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Statistical regression
Standard normal distributions
ANOVA/analysis of variance
interval variables
29. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
cross-sectional design
Selective attrition
dependent variable
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
30. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Meta-analysis
Lie detector tests
Q-sort/measure
Experimenter bias
31. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Robert Zajonc
Objective tests (+types)
Hawthorne effect
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
32. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Demand characteristic
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Walter Mischel
33. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Walter Mischel
Experimental design
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
random sampling
34. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Statistical regression
double-blind experiment
Demand characteristic
mental age
35. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
mental age
nominal variables
placebo
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
36. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Alpha levels
generalizability
Test-retest reliability
37. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Field study
Statistical regression
Hawthorne effect
Julian Rotter
38. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
percentiles
External validity (+types)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
39. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
histogram
Construct validity
Word Association Test
Meta-analysis
40. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
cross-sectional design
bar graph
Anne Anastasi
Discrete data
41. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Learn the shape of different distributions
Julian Rotter
42. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Aptitude tests
Anne Anastasi
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Alfred Binet
43. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Intelligence
Continuous data
cohort-sequential design
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
44. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Crystallized intelligence
Validity (+types)
IQ Binet'S equation
45. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Criterion-referenced tests
placebo effect
Domain-referenced tests
Content validity
46. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
cross-sectional design
Statistical regression
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
47. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
nominal variables
dependent variable
Crystallized intelligence
Content validity
48. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
predictive value
Chi-square test
standard error of mean
Learn the shape of different distributions
49. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Rorschach Inkblot Test
percentiles
Split-half reliability
Correlational relationships
50. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
research design
Discrete data
Z-scores
Hawthorne effect