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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)






2. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions






3. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind






4. How the score are spread out overall






5. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them






6. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female






7. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured






8. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc






9. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction






10. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution






11. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none






12. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects






13. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable






14. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests






15. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)






16. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups






17. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world






18. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition






19. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed






20. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random






21. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed






22. Whether test items look like they measure the construct






23. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance






24. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms






25. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers






26. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence






27. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)






28. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement






29. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)






30. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association






31. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not






32. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition






33. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set






34. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group






35. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'






36. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period






37. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type






38. For children 6-16






39. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'






40. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind






41. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process






42. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV






43. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable






44. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency






45. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data






46. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)






47. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -






48. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50






49. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough






50. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)






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