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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
cross-sectional design
variance and standard deviation
Acquiescence
Demand characteristic
2. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
cohort effect
Anne Anastasi
Validity (+types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
3. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Q-sort/measure
Chi-square test
Julian Rotter
4. Knowing a fact
Z-scores
Crystallized intelligence
variance (calculation)
statistics
5. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
interval variables
Internal validity
between subject
Acquiescence
6. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
Internal validity
Standard normal distributions
Charles Spearmen
7. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Robert Zajonc
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
dependent variable
standard error of mean
8. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
Acquiescence
cross-sectional design
One-way ANOVA
9. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
T-score
ordinal variables
placebo effect
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
10. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Alfred Binet
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
random sampling
11. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Population & related
independent variable
Two-way ANOVA
12. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Hawthorne effect
13. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Two-way ANOVA
Inferential statistics
cohort effect
14. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
range
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Alfred Binet
15. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
independent variable
Reactance
statistically significant
16. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Experimental design
Projective tests (+types)
Nonequivalent control group
Experimenter bias
17. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Spearman r correlation coefficient
T-test
Statistical regression
Projective tests (+types)
18. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
ordinal variables
Reliability (+types)
Hawthorne effect
Pearson r correlation coefficient
19. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Statistical regression
dependent variable
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Content validity
20. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
generalizability
Null hypothesis
standard error of mean
nominal variables
21. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Item analysis (reliability)
research design
Concurrent validity
quasi-experimental design
22. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reactance
Reliability (+types)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
median
23. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Reactance
Reliability (+types)
standard deviation (calculation)
Statistical regression
24. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
placebo
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Acquiescence
Rosenthal effect
25. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Null hypothesis
Vocational tests
Split-half reliability
cohort-sequential design
26. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Charles Spearmen
Cross validation
Fluid intelligence
27. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
within subject
statistically significant
random sampling
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
28. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Split-half reliability
Chi-square test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
One-way ANOVA
29. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Nonequivalent control group
Population & related
Linear regression
Rosenthal effect
30. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Rosenthal effect
Illusory correlation
Criterion-referenced tests
31. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
placebo
Field study
Reactance
32. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Linear regression
Alfred Binet
Null hypothesis
Fluid intelligence
33. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
predictive value
standard error of mean
independent variable
Split-half reliability
34. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Scientific approach
histogram
35. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
ratio variables
generalizability
36. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
T-test
histogram
Walter Mischel
Robert Zajonc
37. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
nominal variables
confounding variable
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Reactance
38. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Experimental design
Type I and II errors
Construct validity
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
39. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
normal distribution(+characteristic)
T-score
social desirability
40. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
variance and standard deviation
dependent variable
social desirability
41. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Objective tests (+types)
Vocational tests
42. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Intelligence
Vocational tests
research design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
43. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
cohort-sequential design
Word Association Test
standard error of mean
Selective attrition
44. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
IQ Binet'S equation
statistically significant
Criterion-referenced tests
ratio variables
45. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
double-blind experiment
Mean IQ
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
46. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Alpha levels
Reactance
statistically significant
dependent variable
47. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Descriptive statistics (+types)
predictive value
independent variable
Acquiescence
48. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Scientific approach
statistically significant
Fluid intelligence
bar graph
49. The most frequently occurring value
ordinal variables
Criterion-referenced tests
mode
Internal validity
50. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Scientific approach
Nonequivalent control group
Draw-A-Person Test
Standard normal distributions