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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
ratio variables
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Split-half reliability
2. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cross-sectional design
cohort effect
social desirability
nominal variables
3. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
Population & related
cross-sectional design
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
4. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Construct validity
nominal variables
Concurrent validity
Validity (+types)
5. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Inferential statistics
Hawthorne effect
Nonequivalent control group
6. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
nominal variables
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Charles Spearmen
7. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
statistics
variance (calculation)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
variance and standard deviation
8. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
Internal validity
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
9. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Field study
Experimenter bias
Demand characteristic
Linear regression
10. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
External validity (+types)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Correlational relationships
11. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Projective tests (+types)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Draw-A-Person Test
12. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
bar graph
histogram
range
between subject
13. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Robert Zajonc
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Validity (+types)
variance and standard deviation
14. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
ordinal variables
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
15. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
range
research design
16. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
between subject
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Scientific approach
Reactance
17. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Vocational tests
Item analysis (reliability)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Alfred Binet
18. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Longitudinal design
Domain-referenced tests
Selective attrition
Construct validity
19. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Mean IQ
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
20. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Longitudinal design
T-score
statistically significant
One-way ANOVA
21. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Criterion-referenced tests
Content validity
random sampling
22. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
IQ Binet'S equation
Item analysis (reliability)
Validity (+types)
generalizability
23. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Internal validity
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
24. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Correlational relationships
range
F-scale or F-ratio
25. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Standard normal distributions
Experimenter bias
mode
Concurrent validity
26. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
generalizability
Population & related
mental age
stratified sampling
27. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Inferential statistics
ratio variables
Q-sort/measure
Anne Anastasi
28. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Type I and II errors
placebo
dependent variable
29. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
social desirability
F-scale or F-ratio
Factorial analysis of variance
30. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
between subject
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
31. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Domain-referenced tests
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Curvilinear relationship
Objective tests (+types)
32. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
percentiles
cohort effect
Spearman r correlation coefficient
statistically significant
33. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Reliability (+types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
T-test
Mean IQ
34. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
Alfred Binet
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Two-way ANOVA
35. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
variance and standard deviation
Correlational relationships
Type I and II errors
36. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Internal validity
Lie detector tests
Test-retest reliability
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
37. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Pearson r correlation coefficient
independent variable
Selective attrition
38. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Achievement tests
bar graph
quasi-experimental design
interval variables
39. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Lewis Terman
Concurrent validity
Test-retest reliability
variance and standard deviation
40. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
mental age
Factorial analysis of variance
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
41. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
ordinal variables
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
double-blind experiment
variance and standard deviation
42. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Meta-analysis
T-score
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Projective tests (+types)
43. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Validity (+types)
ordinal variables
Scientific approach
44. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
mental age
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
histogram
predictive value
45. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Cross validation
Statistical regression
Chi-square test
Illusory correlation
46. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rosenthal effect
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Lewis Terman
histogram
47. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Face validity
Concurrent validity
random sampling
Vocational tests
48. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Fluid intelligence
Reliability (+types)
Word Association Test
Null hypothesis
49. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Statistical regression
50. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
variance and standard deviation
nominal variables
Julian Rotter
Field study