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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -






2. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%






3. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated






4. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P






5. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female






6. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms






7. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group






8. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data






9. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed






10. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by






11. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it






12. Knowing a fact






13. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set






14. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half






15. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach






16. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)






17. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person






18. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation






19. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face






20. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group






21. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent






22. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type






23. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition






24. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)






25. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field






26. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer






27. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)






28. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)






29. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them






30. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u






31. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable






32. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers






33. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance






34. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)






35. How the score are spread out overall






36. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature






37. Whether test items look like they measure the construct






38. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point






39. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association






40. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups






41. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status






42. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)






43. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability






44. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety






45. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value






46. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc






47. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects






48. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50






49. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis






50. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution