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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)






2. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period






3. Used most commonly on standardized test






4. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face






5. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters






6. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status






7. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by






8. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'






9. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects






10. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face






11. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc






12. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point






13. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not






14. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured






15. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent






16. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out






17. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)






18. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment






19. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors






20. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis






21. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)






22. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency






23. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence






24. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s






25. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind






26. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling






27. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'






28. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests






29. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation






30. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition






31. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type






32. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship






33. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups






34. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half






35. Knowing a fact






36. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not






37. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship






38. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer






39. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once






40. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%






41. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers






42. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50






43. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)






44. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV






45. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none






46. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences






47. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample






48. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind






49. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions






50. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale