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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Anne Anastasi
statistically significant
Two-way ANOVA
Alpha levels
2. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Aptitude tests
One-way ANOVA
Cross validation
generalizability
3. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Item analysis (reliability)
Factorial analysis of variance
Mean IQ
Face validity
4. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
variance and standard deviation
confounding variable
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
quasi-experimental design
5. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
cohort effect
T-test
Graphs (types)
standard error of mean
6. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Learn the shape of different distributions
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
histogram
Discrete data
7. For children 4-6
Content validity
Domain-referenced tests
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
8. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
standard error of mean
generalizability
Fluid intelligence
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
9. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Domain-referenced tests
double-blind experiment
Demand characteristic
Frequency distributions (+variables)
10. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Null hypothesis
Face validity
IQ Binet'S equation
11. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Z-scores
statistics
cohort effect
12. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
percentiles
13. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Projective tests (+types)
Meta-analysis
Split-half reliability
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
14. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Z-scores
Objective tests (+types)
Rosenthal effect
15. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Charles Spearmen
Spearman r correlation coefficient
ratio variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
16. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
dependent variable
Lie detector tests
Discrete data
17. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
statistically significant
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Cross validation
18. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Draw-A-Person Test
Achievement tests
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
19. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
cohort effect
Objective tests (+types)
Cross validation
Statistical regression
20. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
Hawthorne effect
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Charles Spearmen
21. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Two-way ANOVA
Julian Rotter
Robert Zajonc
quasi-experimental design
22. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
random sampling
Statistical regression
placebo
Julian Rotter
23. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
Experimental design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
nominal variables
24. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
cohort effect
nominal variables
interval variables
Split-half reliability
25. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
standard deviation (calculation)
Alpha levels
Charles Spearmen
26. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Fluid intelligence
placebo
ratio variables
27. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Demand characteristic
IQ Binet'S equation
28. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Charles Spearmen
29. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
research design
Test-retest reliability
Cross validation
Achievement tests
30. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Experimenter bias
Selective attrition
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Continuous data
31. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Criterion-referenced tests
Field study
predictive value
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
32. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Field study
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Anne Anastasi
stratified sampling
33. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Lewis Terman
Internal validity
independent variable
Domain-referenced tests
34. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Aptitude tests
Charles Spearmen
Lie detector tests
35. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Acquiescence
cohort-sequential design
Factorial analysis of variance
Learn the shape of different distributions
36. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Graphs (types)
median
Draw-A-Person Test
bar graph
37. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
statistically significant
Experimenter bias
Two-way ANOVA
38. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Linear regression
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Illusory correlation
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
39. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
confounding variable
Chi-square test
Internal validity
40. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Alpha levels
Construct validity
Meta-analysis
Validity (+types)
41. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Statistical regression
normal distribution(+characteristic)
research design
variance and standard deviation
42. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Illusory correlation
Draw-A-Person Test
Correlational relationships
standard deviation (calculation)
43. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Acquiescence
External validity (+types)
Robert Zajonc
Scientific approach
44. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Factorial analysis of variance
Population & related
normal distribution(+characteristic)
45. For children 6-16
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
histogram
placebo
Standard normal distributions
46. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
frequency polygon
Fluid intelligence
variance and standard deviation
Experimenter bias
47. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Domain-referenced tests
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Draw-A-Person Test
between subject
48. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
mode
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Criterion-referenced tests
Demand characteristic
49. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
ordinal variables
Robert Zajonc
Pearson r correlation coefficient
quasi-experimental design
50. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Z-scores
Bayley Scales of Infant Development