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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
cohort-sequential design
Selective attrition
Frequency distributions (+variables)
social desirability
2. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
F-scale or F-ratio
bar graph
Continuous data
mental age
3. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Achievement tests
Type I and II errors
predictive value
research design
4. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
5. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Lewis Terman
generalizability
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Frequency distributions (+variables)
6. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Draw-A-Person Test
Intelligence
Concurrent validity
confounding variable
7. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
median
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Content validity
8. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
placebo
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
predictive value
stratified sampling
9. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
within subject
standard error of mean
variance (calculation)
10. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Rosenthal effect
generalizability
Concurrent validity
Internal validity
11. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Experimenter bias
Intelligence
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
12. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
standard error of mean
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Item analysis (reliability)
Longitudinal design
13. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
predictive value
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
quasi-experimental design
Illusory correlation
14. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Null hypothesis
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Two-way ANOVA
cohort effect
15. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Cross validation
Acquiescence
range
IQ Binet'S equation
16. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Aptitude tests
confounding variable
variance (calculation)
Learn the shape of different distributions
17. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
stratified sampling
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Spearman r correlation coefficient
18. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Chi-square test
Continuous data
range
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
19. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Continuous data
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Illusory correlation
nominal variables
20. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Q-sort/measure
Null hypothesis
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
21. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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22. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Population & related
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Face validity
double-blind experiment
23. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
histogram
Variability
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
24. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
nominal variables
Word Association Test
Walter Mischel
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
25. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Content validity
research design
Julian Rotter
26. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
dependent variable
social desirability
Test-retest reliability
research design
27. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Factorial analysis of variance
Validity (+types)
within subject
T-test
28. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
Descriptive statistics (+types)
confounding variable
Reliability (+types)
29. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
cross-sectional design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Mean IQ
Content validity
30. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Achievement tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Chi-square test
standard deviation (calculation)
31. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
cohort-sequential design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Objective tests (+types)
Longitudinal design
32. The most frequently occurring value
Mean IQ
dependent variable
mode
T-test
33. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Curvilinear relationship
Projective tests (+types)
bar graph
stratified sampling
34. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Two-way ANOVA
Null hypothesis
Demand characteristic
Construct validity
35. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Reactance
Nonequivalent control group
Experimental design
36. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
standard error of mean
ANOVA/analysis of variance
37. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Lewis Terman
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Vocational tests
38. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Rosenthal effect
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
random sampling
39. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Projective tests (+types)
Longitudinal design
Vocational tests
Alpha levels
40. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Q-sort/measure
Chi-square test
T-score
Field study
41. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Correlational relationships
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Split-half reliability
Validity (+types)
42. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
standard deviation (calculation)
Objective tests (+types)
Vocational tests
43. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Factorial analysis of variance
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
44. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
bar graph
Learn the shape of different distributions
dependent variable
45. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Construct validity
Achievement tests
range
Continuous data
46. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
stratified sampling
Internal validity
Rosenthal effect
47. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
research design
Null hypothesis
Inferential statistics
social desirability
48. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
IQ Binet'S equation
Experimental design
Cross validation
Continuous data
49. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Null hypothesis
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
One-way ANOVA
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
50. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
median
One-way ANOVA
California Personality Inventory (CPI)