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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
variance (calculation)
Alpha levels
Hawthorne effect
2. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Graphs (types)
standard deviation (calculation)
3. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
One-way ANOVA
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Word Association Test
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
4. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
cohort effect
Curvilinear relationship
Julian Rotter
5. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Type I and II errors
variance (calculation)
within subject
6. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
ratio variables
ordinal variables
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
7. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Null hypothesis
Q-sort/measure
cross-sectional design
Construct validity
8. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Graphs (types)
Word Association Test
normal distribution(+characteristic)
9. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Graphs (types)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
quasi-experimental design
confounding variable
10. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
placebo effect
mode
Criterion-referenced tests
11. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
mode
Learn the shape of different distributions
predictive value
Lewis Terman
12. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
standard deviation (calculation)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Anne Anastasi
dependent variable
13. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Criterion-referenced tests
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Variability
14. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Validity (+types)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Split-half reliability
15. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
percentiles
Test-retest reliability
16. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Lie detector tests
Face validity
within subject
Experimenter bias
17. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Linear regression
nominal variables
Test-retest reliability
18. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Fluid intelligence
Alfred Binet
Inferential statistics
19. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Graphs (types)
Projective tests (+types)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
20. How the score are spread out overall
One-way ANOVA
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Robert Zajonc
Variability
21. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Aptitude tests
nominal variables
Robert Zajonc
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
22. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
generalizability
Julian Rotter
predictive value
Lie detector tests
23. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Anne Anastasi
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
double-blind experiment
24. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
between subject
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Z-scores
25. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Variability
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Construct validity
Lie detector tests
26. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
mental age
placebo
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
27. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Criterion-referenced tests
bar graph
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
28. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Experimenter bias
External validity (+types)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Illusory correlation
29. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
IQ Binet'S equation
variance and standard deviation
Crystallized intelligence
random sampling
30. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Learn the shape of different distributions
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
F-scale or F-ratio
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
31. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Concurrent validity
Z-scores
Curvilinear relationship
random sampling
32. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
social desirability
stratified sampling
Linear regression
33. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Lewis Terman
Selective attrition
IQ Binet'S equation
34. Knowing a fact
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
range
Face validity
Crystallized intelligence
35. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
dependent variable
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Test-retest reliability
Chi-square test
36. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Learn the shape of different distributions
Concurrent validity
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
37. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
variance (calculation)
Objective tests (+types)
Charles Spearmen
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
38. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
One-way ANOVA
Meta-analysis
variance and standard deviation
39. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Selective attrition
Demand characteristic
nominal variables
Reactance
40. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Anne Anastasi
within subject
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Chi-square test
41. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
social desirability
interval variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Rosenthal effect
42. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
generalizability
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Word Association Test
43. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
ratio variables
mode
Item analysis (reliability)
Vocational tests
44. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
placebo effect
range
variance and standard deviation
Inferential statistics
45. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
percentiles
F-scale or F-ratio
Continuous data
predictive value
46. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
histogram
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Content validity
47. Knowing how to do something
Aptitude tests
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Fluid intelligence
Charles Spearmen
48. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Robert Zajonc
Criterion-referenced tests
percentiles
Standard normal distributions
49. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Reactance
variance (calculation)
Standard normal distributions
Word Association Test
50. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
Rosenthal effect
Criterion-referenced tests
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
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