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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
Illusory correlation
bar graph
Validity (+types)
2. Process in testing concurrent validity
Discrete data
Spearman r correlation coefficient
standard deviation (calculation)
Cross validation
3. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Word Association Test
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Test-retest reliability
T-score
4. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Julian Rotter
bar graph
Standard normal distributions
Correlational relationships
5. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Construct validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Cross validation
6. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
bar graph
confounding variable
variance (calculation)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
7. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Scientific approach
Null hypothesis
Julian Rotter
One-way ANOVA
8. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Hawthorne effect
interval variables
placebo
statistics
9. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Nonequivalent control group
Illusory correlation
variance and standard deviation
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
10. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
External validity (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
11. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
nominal variables
cohort-sequential design
12. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
statistically significant
Crystallized intelligence
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Two-way ANOVA
13. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
External validity (+types)
Statistical regression
14. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
placebo
median
One-way ANOVA
social desirability
15. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
social desirability
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
16. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
range
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Illusory correlation
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
17. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Selective attrition
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Type I and II errors
ordinal variables
18. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Correlational relationships
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Experimental design
19. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Field study
variance (calculation)
ratio variables
Fluid intelligence
20. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Frequency distributions (+variables)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Nonequivalent control group
21. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Validity (+types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Field study
Two-way ANOVA
22. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Variability
Objective tests (+types)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Intelligence
23. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Correlational relationships
IQ Binet'S equation
Field study
variance (calculation)
24. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
range
External validity (+types)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
25. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Factorial analysis of variance
Standard normal distributions
median
nominal variables
26. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Anne Anastasi
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Chi-square test
Demand characteristic
27. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Rosenthal effect
Experimenter bias
variance (calculation)
28. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Statistical regression
Cross validation
Lie detector tests
Nonequivalent control group
29. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
quasi-experimental design
cross-sectional design
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
30. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
confounding variable
standard error of mean
within subject
Anne Anastasi
31. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
Curvilinear relationship
Internal validity
Fluid intelligence
32. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
Discrete data
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Population & related
33. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
frequency polygon
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
34. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Construct validity
Chi-square test
standard error of mean
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
35. How the score are spread out overall
Population & related
nominal variables
Variability
between subject
36. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
stratified sampling
Linear regression
T-score
Frequency distributions (+variables)
37. Knowing a fact
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Crystallized intelligence
quasi-experimental design
Frequency distributions (+variables)
38. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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39. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
dependent variable
Longitudinal design
between subject
40. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Z-scores
between subject
percentiles
Learn the shape of different distributions
41. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
T-score
Curvilinear relationship
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Construct validity
42. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Scientific approach
Pearson r correlation coefficient
placebo effect
research design
43. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Alfred Binet
Item analysis (reliability)
standard deviation (calculation)
within subject
44. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Field study
Z-scores
Illusory correlation
45. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
median
Face validity
Criterion-referenced tests
dependent variable
46. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Reactance
Continuous data
F-scale or F-ratio
Factorial analysis of variance
47. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Continuous data
Null hypothesis
One-way ANOVA
48. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Objective tests (+types)
49. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Discrete data
Type I and II errors
quasi-experimental design
Acquiescence
50. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Discrete data
Demand characteristic
cross-sectional design
research design