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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Content validity
Statistical regression
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Hawthorne effect
2. Process in testing concurrent validity
Correlational relationships
Robert Zajonc
Statistical regression
Cross validation
3. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Q-sort/measure
Content validity
cohort-sequential design
Rosenthal effect
4. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
nominal variables
Experimental design
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
5. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Longitudinal design
bar graph
6. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Acquiescence
Charles Spearmen
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
7. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
quasi-experimental design
Walter Mischel
statistically significant
8. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
median
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Continuous data
Acquiescence
9. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
Concurrent validity
between subject
Cross validation
10. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Mean IQ
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Null hypothesis
generalizability
11. The most frequently occurring value
histogram
mode
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Learn the shape of different distributions
12. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
One-way ANOVA
between subject
13. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Lewis Terman
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
T-test
Concurrent validity
14. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Rosenthal effect
Selective attrition
Reliability (+types)
ratio variables
15. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Projective tests (+types)
16. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Null hypothesis
Cross validation
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Learn the shape of different distributions
17. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Vocational tests
Internal validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
standard deviation (calculation)
18. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
ANOVA/analysis of variance
independent variable
placebo
Chi-square test
19. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
variance and standard deviation
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Acquiescence
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
20. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
independent variable
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
placebo
21. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
T-score
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Field study
22. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
research design
confounding variable
Learn the shape of different distributions
Correlational relationships
23. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Nonequivalent control group
Reliability (+types)
Chi-square test
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
24. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Meta-analysis
interval variables
Rosenthal effect
25. Knowing how to do something
Achievement tests
Fluid intelligence
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
26. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
Validity (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
cross-sectional design
27. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Achievement tests
Construct validity
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Crystallized intelligence
28. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
double-blind experiment
Hawthorne effect
percentiles
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
29. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
External validity (+types)
placebo
Type I and II errors
30. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Criterion-referenced tests
Acquiescence
Nonequivalent control group
normal distribution(+characteristic)
31. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Reactance
T-test
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Test-retest reliability
32. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Aptitude tests
Inferential statistics
standard deviation (calculation)
Face validity
33. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Anne Anastasi
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Variability
Face validity
34. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
Graphs (types)
mental age
T-test
35. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Face validity
Scientific approach
ratio variables
histogram
36. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
cross-sectional design
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Variability
Anne Anastasi
37. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
Face validity
standard error of mean
Population & related
38. For children 4-6
Split-half reliability
standard deviation (calculation)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Experimenter bias
39. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
confounding variable
Continuous data
Type I and II errors
Factorial analysis of variance
40. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
statistics
cohort effect
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Graphs (types)
41. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Linear regression
Construct validity
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Meta-analysis
42. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Selective attrition
variance (calculation)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Item analysis (reliability)
43. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Field study
Word Association Test
double-blind experiment
44. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Field study
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Projective tests (+types)
IQ Binet'S equation
45. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
One-way ANOVA
Test-retest reliability
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
46. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
variance and standard deviation
Field study
confounding variable
frequency polygon
47. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Correlational relationships
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Curvilinear relationship
Graphs (types)
48. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
quasi-experimental design
Lie detector tests
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Vocational tests
49. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Spearman r correlation coefficient
One-way ANOVA
Meta-analysis
50. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Walter Mischel
Graphs (types)
dependent variable
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
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