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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Longitudinal design
mode
quasi-experimental design
range
2. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Item analysis (reliability)
cohort effect
Draw-A-Person Test
F-scale or F-ratio
3. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Mean IQ
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
median
4. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
Vocational tests
Anne Anastasi
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
5. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Item analysis (reliability)
Nonequivalent control group
Illusory correlation
Objective tests (+types)
6. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
bar graph
Test-retest reliability
Population & related
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
7. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Linear regression
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
standard error of mean
Rosenthal effect
8. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
One-way ANOVA
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Lie detector tests
9. For children 6-16
variance and standard deviation
Draw-A-Person Test
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Alpha levels
10. How the score are spread out overall
Intelligence
Variability
Crystallized intelligence
Domain-referenced tests
11. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
Criterion-referenced tests
Content validity
Curvilinear relationship
12. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
confounding variable
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Spearman r correlation coefficient
median
13. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
random sampling
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Word Association Test
14. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
statistically significant
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Null hypothesis
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
15. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Vocational tests
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
variance (calculation)
Variability
16. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
range
Meta-analysis
median
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
17. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Experimental design
Rosenthal effect
Inferential statistics
Crystallized intelligence
18. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Chi-square test
Face validity
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
19. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Intelligence
Correlational relationships
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Acquiescence
20. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
stratified sampling
Fluid intelligence
ratio variables
Intelligence
21. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
Field study
Achievement tests
social desirability
22. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
placebo
between subject
Construct validity
nominal variables
23. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Illusory correlation
Test-retest reliability
Vocational tests
Continuous data
24. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
Mean IQ
median
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
25. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Inferential statistics
Charles Spearmen
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Chi-square test
26. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Acquiescence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
External validity (+types)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
27. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
28. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Statistical regression
random sampling
dependent variable
predictive value
29. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
cross-sectional design
Two-way ANOVA
Item analysis (reliability)
Chi-square test
30. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Q-sort/measure
social desirability
within subject
31. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
histogram
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Concurrent validity
cohort-sequential design
32. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Split-half reliability
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
social desirability
33. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Longitudinal design
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
34. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Concurrent validity
Anne Anastasi
Internal validity
Chi-square test
35. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Selective attrition
Rosenthal effect
Charles Spearmen
ANOVA/analysis of variance
36. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Lewis Terman
median
Projective tests (+types)
37. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
percentiles
Charles Spearmen
Concurrent validity
38. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
placebo
Reactance
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
39. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Domain-referenced tests
frequency polygon
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
40. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Selective attrition
quasi-experimental design
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Intelligence
41. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
nominal variables
Hawthorne effect
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Two-way ANOVA
42. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
ordinal variables
research design
Content validity
Validity (+types)
43. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Concurrent validity
Demand characteristic
bar graph
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
44. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Projective tests (+types)
quasi-experimental design
variance and standard deviation
Anne Anastasi
45. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Field study
mode
social desirability
Split-half reliability
46. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Criterion-referenced tests
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
47. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
cohort effect
Reliability (+types)
Demand characteristic
48. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
within subject
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Crystallized intelligence
49. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Acquiescence
dependent variable
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
50. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Internal validity
T-test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)