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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured






2. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology






3. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)






4. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist






5. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%






6. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample






7. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data






8. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation






9. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s






10. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale






11. Used most commonly on standardized test






12. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind






13. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach






14. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured






15. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none






16. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough






17. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning






18. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups






19. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50






20. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16


21. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant






22. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance






23. For children 6-16






24. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value






25. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable






26. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions






27. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable






28. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier






29. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated






30. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc






31. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P






32. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%






33. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group






34. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them






35. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable






36. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not






37. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group






38. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -






39. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors






40. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds






41. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by






42. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting






43. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters






44. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it






45. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer






46. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable






47. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field






48. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale






49. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove






50. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type