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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
histogram
social desirability
range
placebo
2. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
social desirability
cohort-sequential design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
3. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Draw-A-Person Test
statistics
Correlational relationships
Word Association Test
4. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Criterion-referenced tests
Longitudinal design
Mean IQ
Frequency distributions (+variables)
5. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
standard deviation (calculation)
Reliability (+types)
between subject
Field study
6. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Z-scores
Internal validity
Experimenter bias
7. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
nominal variables
Hawthorne effect
T-score
interval variables
8. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Alpha levels
Content validity
Walter Mischel
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
9. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
IQ Binet'S equation
Anne Anastasi
10. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
variance and standard deviation
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
standard error of mean
11. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
placebo effect
12. For children 4-6
cohort-sequential design
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
quasi-experimental design
Vocational tests
13. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Word Association Test
Illusory correlation
range
14. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Aptitude tests
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Split-half reliability
range
15. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Content validity
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
T-test
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
16. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistically significant
Achievement tests
cohort effect
Reactance
17. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Mean IQ
Graphs (types)
Robert Zajonc
Intelligence
18. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Concurrent validity
Standard normal distributions
T-score
19. Process in testing concurrent validity
confounding variable
IQ Binet'S equation
Cross validation
Illusory correlation
20. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Content validity
One-way ANOVA
Charles Spearmen
within subject
21. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
mode
Demand characteristic
Null hypothesis
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
22. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Content validity
Fluid intelligence
23. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Projective tests (+types)
Illusory correlation
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
24. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
cohort effect
histogram
Scientific approach
25. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Fluid intelligence
Hawthorne effect
26. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Anne Anastasi
percentiles
Two-way ANOVA
27. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
research design
statistically significant
Curvilinear relationship
28. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Anne Anastasi
Linear regression
bar graph
Pearson r correlation coefficient
29. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
within subject
nominal variables
Validity (+types)
bar graph
30. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Vocational tests
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
cross-sectional design
Walter Mischel
31. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
variance (calculation)
Intelligence
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Q-sort/measure
32. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Reactance
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Projective tests (+types)
Objective tests (+types)
33. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Experimenter bias
Meta-analysis
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Mean IQ
34. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
quasi-experimental design
Longitudinal design
IQ Binet'S equation
35. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Test-retest reliability
Factorial analysis of variance
Crystallized intelligence
36. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Longitudinal design
Test-retest reliability
Z-scores
37. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Alpha levels
independent variable
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
38. Knowing a fact
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Crystallized intelligence
frequency polygon
Anne Anastasi
39. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Alfred Binet
Pearson r correlation coefficient
placebo effect
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
40. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Experimenter bias
Criterion-referenced tests
41. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lie detector tests
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Correlational relationships
42. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Split-half reliability
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Objective tests (+types)
43. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
stratified sampling
Field study
Intelligence
44. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Experimenter bias
Frequency distributions (+variables)
independent variable
Learn the shape of different distributions
45. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Pearson r correlation coefficient
bar graph
Two-way ANOVA
46. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Alfred Binet
Construct validity
standard deviation (calculation)
Crystallized intelligence
47. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
interval variables
Statistical regression
social desirability
standard error of mean
48. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Acquiescence
Field study
Curvilinear relationship
49. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
placebo effect
Pearson r correlation coefficient
social desirability
Graphs (types)
50. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Julian Rotter
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Factorial analysis of variance
Face validity