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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
frequency polygon
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
2. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Alfred Binet
cohort effect
cross-sectional design
independent variable
3. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Crystallized intelligence
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Construct validity
4. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Item analysis (reliability)
5. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Alpha levels
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
random sampling
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
6. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
cohort-sequential design
Frequency distributions (+variables)
mental age
Spearman r correlation coefficient
7. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Longitudinal design
Vocational tests
Face validity
within subject
8. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Criterion-referenced tests
Discrete data
Achievement tests
Reliability (+types)
9. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Continuous data
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Standard normal distributions
histogram
10. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Field study
Two-way ANOVA
Internal validity
cohort effect
11. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Mean IQ
double-blind experiment
ordinal variables
interval variables
12. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Alpha levels
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Split-half reliability
13. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
mental age
Illusory correlation
Objective tests (+types)
Population & related
14. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
variance (calculation)
IQ Binet'S equation
cohort-sequential design
15. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
statistics
Robert Zajonc
Fluid intelligence
Acquiescence
16. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Face validity
histogram
cross-sectional design
cohort-sequential design
17. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Statistical regression
Experimenter bias
Achievement tests
18. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Correlational relationships
placebo effect
IQ Binet'S equation
Hawthorne effect
19. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Reactance
20. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
cross-sectional design
standard deviation (calculation)
21. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
quasi-experimental design
Reactance
Curvilinear relationship
22. Knowing how to do something
Population & related
double-blind experiment
Fluid intelligence
research design
23. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Variability
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
independent variable
24. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Anne Anastasi
Walter Mischel
Face validity
One-way ANOVA
25. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
Linear regression
within subject
Objective tests (+types)
26. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Factorial analysis of variance
predictive value
cross-sectional design
Achievement tests
27. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Internal validity
Hawthorne effect
28. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Content validity
Learn the shape of different distributions
29. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
T-score
Variability
Criterion-referenced tests
30. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
range
Frequency distributions (+variables)
31. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Experimenter bias
Demand characteristic
32. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
Word Association Test
range
research design
33. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
stratified sampling
Correlational relationships
Julian Rotter
T-test
34. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Field study
Z-scores
statistics
Reactance
35. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Content validity
ratio variables
Experimenter bias
Face validity
36. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
One-way ANOVA
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Standard normal distributions
37. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Cross validation
Field study
Domain-referenced tests
within subject
38. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Statistical regression
Construct validity
Curvilinear relationship
39. Used most commonly on standardized test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Pearson r correlation coefficient
percentiles
range
40. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
Projective tests (+types)
Two-way ANOVA
between subject
41. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
placebo
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Linear regression
Split-half reliability
42. The most frequently occurring value
Frequency distributions (+variables)
mode
Experimental design
Illusory correlation
43. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
One-way ANOVA
interval variables
percentiles
44. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
placebo
T-score
predictive value
median
45. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Draw-A-Person Test
Continuous data
46. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Standard normal distributions
median
nominal variables
placebo effect
47. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Lewis Terman
statistically significant
48. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Crystallized intelligence
Mean IQ
Descriptive statistics (+types)
49. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Walter Mischel
Aptitude tests
F-scale or F-ratio
Cross validation
50. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
Learn the shape of different distributions
Experimental design
range
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