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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Illusory correlation
Aptitude tests
Walter Mischel
frequency polygon
2. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
Alfred Binet
placebo
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
3. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
bar graph
mode
Meta-analysis
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
4. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
ratio variables
Field study
5. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
histogram
mode
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
variance and standard deviation
6. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Nonequivalent control group
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Two-way ANOVA
Standard normal distributions
7. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Robert Zajonc
Illusory correlation
Alfred Binet
bar graph
8. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Acquiescence
Objective tests (+types)
mode
9. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
variance and standard deviation
statistics
Variability
Face validity
10. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
stratified sampling
independent variable
Alfred Binet
Draw-A-Person Test
11. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alfred Binet
dependent variable
Field study
Aptitude tests
12. For children 6-16
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Z-scores
Criterion-referenced tests
range
13. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
within subject
Population & related
Null hypothesis
placebo effect
14. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Crystallized intelligence
Validity (+types)
histogram
ratio variables
15. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Q-sort/measure
research design
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
16. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
double-blind experiment
mode
Projective tests (+types)
Correlational relationships
17. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
within subject
Internal validity
Item analysis (reliability)
F-scale or F-ratio
18. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
Type I and II errors
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
19. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Alfred Binet
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Graphs (types)
Null hypothesis
20. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Inferential statistics
random sampling
Population & related
21. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
dependent variable
Inferential statistics
22. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Split-half reliability
Projective tests (+types)
Construct validity
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
23. The most frequently occurring value
Lewis Terman
mode
Validity (+types)
Illusory correlation
24. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
F-scale or F-ratio
Reliability (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
25. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Alfred Binet
placebo
26. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Field study
Objective tests (+types)
Continuous data
27. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
mental age
cross-sectional design
Objective tests (+types)
median
28. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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29. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Field study
random sampling
30. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Learn the shape of different distributions
Hawthorne effect
percentiles
Linear regression
31. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Curvilinear relationship
cross-sectional design
Two-way ANOVA
32. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Statistical regression
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Fluid intelligence
33. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Word Association Test
Anne Anastasi
Nonequivalent control group
34. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
variance and standard deviation
Illusory correlation
variance (calculation)
Scientific approach
35. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Anne Anastasi
Scientific approach
Concurrent validity
Content validity
36. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Content validity
Frequency distributions (+variables)
predictive value
Vocational tests
37. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Linear regression
Field study
ratio variables
38. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
double-blind experiment
Item analysis (reliability)
Factorial analysis of variance
histogram
39. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Null hypothesis
frequency polygon
social desirability
generalizability
40. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Inferential statistics
placebo
Field study
nominal variables
41. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
interval variables
T-score
T-test
Demand characteristic
42. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
standard deviation (calculation)
variance (calculation)
43. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Mean IQ
Hawthorne effect
Type I and II errors
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
44. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Learn the shape of different distributions
T-test
Vocational tests
Test-retest reliability
45. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Julian Rotter
Q-sort/measure
stratified sampling
46. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Walter Mischel
social desirability
Charles Spearmen
Discrete data
47. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
Illusory correlation
Fluid intelligence
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
48. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
One-way ANOVA
variance and standard deviation
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Longitudinal design
49. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Validity (+types)
50. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Reliability (+types)
bar graph
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)