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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Criterion-referenced tests
Charles Spearmen
cross-sectional design
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
2. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Reactance
Graphs (types)
3. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Aptitude tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Robert Zajonc
Acquiescence
4. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
mode
predictive value
Alfred Binet
F-scale or F-ratio
5. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
nominal variables
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Robert Zajonc
Reliability (+types)
6. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
mode
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Experimental design
7. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Julian Rotter
Graphs (types)
Discrete data
independent variable
8. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Lie detector tests
nominal variables
Meta-analysis
Linear regression
9. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Cross validation
double-blind experiment
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
10. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Acquiescence
Crystallized intelligence
Item analysis (reliability)
Standard normal distributions
11. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Scientific approach
Nonequivalent control group
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Cross validation
12. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
One-way ANOVA
Frequency distributions (+variables)
cohort effect
IQ Binet'S equation
13. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Demand characteristic
Intelligence
14. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
between subject
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Content validity
15. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
histogram
statistically significant
Robert Zajonc
range
16. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
double-blind experiment
frequency polygon
Q-sort/measure
17. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
random sampling
dependent variable
Linear regression
Alfred Binet
18. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
percentiles
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
19. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
random sampling
Split-half reliability
Internal validity
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
20. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
cross-sectional design
ordinal variables
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
ratio variables
21. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
IQ Binet'S equation
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Type I and II errors
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
22. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
quasi-experimental design
T-test
Criterion-referenced tests
Rorschach Inkblot Test
23. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
statistics
Field study
Experimental design
standard deviation (calculation)
24. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Projective tests (+types)
frequency polygon
External validity (+types)
25. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
bar graph
ratio variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Face validity
26. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Reactance
Illusory correlation
Standard normal distributions
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
27. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
placebo
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
28. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Graphs (types)
Alpha levels
T-score
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
29. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
ordinal variables
Walter Mischel
Nonequivalent control group
Domain-referenced tests
30. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
Domain-referenced tests
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Factorial analysis of variance
31. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Acquiescence
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
normal distribution(+characteristic)
32. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Field study
variance (calculation)
Anne Anastasi
independent variable
33. Knowing how to do something
Factorial analysis of variance
Fluid intelligence
Standard normal distributions
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
34. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Mean IQ
histogram
social desirability
Population & related
35. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
External validity (+types)
Aptitude tests
36. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Validity (+types)
External validity (+types)
Construct validity
37. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Standard normal distributions
Pearson r correlation coefficient
confounding variable
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
38. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Longitudinal design
nominal variables
confounding variable
Alpha levels
39. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Criterion-referenced tests
Objective tests (+types)
Z-scores
Projective tests (+types)
40. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Type I and II errors
Charles Spearmen
cohort-sequential design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
41. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
42. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Alpha levels
Julian Rotter
Split-half reliability
Nonequivalent control group
43. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
bar graph
Longitudinal design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
frequency polygon
44. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Aptitude tests
Two-way ANOVA
Z-scores
Illusory correlation
45. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
nominal variables
histogram
interval variables
F-scale or F-ratio
46. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Achievement tests
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
median
Illusory correlation
47. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Vocational tests
Longitudinal design
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
48. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
mode
Learn the shape of different distributions
frequency polygon
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
49. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Q-sort/measure
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Criterion-referenced tests
F-scale or F-ratio
50. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Meta-analysis
variance and standard deviation
Walter Mischel
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)