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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Longitudinal design
Type I and II errors
Hawthorne effect
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
2. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
3. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Aptitude tests
Hawthorne effect
Two-way ANOVA
4. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Robert Zajonc
double-blind experiment
Alpha levels
social desirability
5. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lewis Terman
Fluid intelligence
Lie detector tests
Graphs (types)
6. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Fluid intelligence
cohort-sequential design
Graphs (types)
cohort effect
7. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
independent variable
Two-way ANOVA
Test-retest reliability
T-test
8. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Julian Rotter
research design
Graphs (types)
Standard normal distributions
9. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
Concurrent validity
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
interval variables
10. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
predictive value
Inferential statistics
mental age
statistics
11. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Lie detector tests
Scientific approach
Construct validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
12. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Projective tests (+types)
Achievement tests
predictive value
13. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
median
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
variance (calculation)
Linear regression
14. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Walter Mischel
Split-half reliability
Frequency distributions (+variables)
dependent variable
15. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
bar graph
Concurrent validity
dependent variable
standard error of mean
16. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Concurrent validity
Chi-square test
standard error of mean
standard deviation (calculation)
17. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Alfred Binet
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
18. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Reactance
F-scale or F-ratio
Selective attrition
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
19. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
Intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
nominal variables
20. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Domain-referenced tests
bar graph
21. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenthal effect
Fluid intelligence
Aptitude tests
Graphs (types)
22. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Null hypothesis
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
23. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Charles Spearmen
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Validity (+types)
percentiles
24. Knowing a fact
Validity (+types)
Crystallized intelligence
Correlational relationships
Alpha levels
25. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Continuous data
mode
social desirability
26. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Test-retest reliability
Anne Anastasi
range
27. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
random sampling
Charles Spearmen
T-score
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
28. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
quasi-experimental design
Achievement tests
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Draw-A-Person Test
29. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
stratified sampling
Population & related
30. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
statistically significant
histogram
Alpha levels
Type I and II errors
31. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Achievement tests
Selective attrition
variance (calculation)
social desirability
32. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
mode
nominal variables
Mean IQ
Anne Anastasi
33. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
dependent variable
histogram
generalizability
Q-sort/measure
34. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Hawthorne effect
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Alpha levels
Draw-A-Person Test
35. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Alpha levels
Aptitude tests
Curvilinear relationship
Chi-square test
36. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Discrete data
Robert Zajonc
cross-sectional design
median
37. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Chi-square test
F-scale or F-ratio
Scientific approach
38. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Q-sort/measure
Curvilinear relationship
research design
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
39. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Meta-analysis
research design
Cross validation
Test-retest reliability
40. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Robert Zajonc
Split-half reliability
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
41. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Hawthorne effect
cross-sectional design
Intelligence
statistically significant
42. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Z-scores
median
43. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
bar graph
Julian Rotter
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Word Association Test
44. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
T-score
Selective attrition
independent variable
Discrete data
45. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
cross-sectional design
Longitudinal design
Fluid intelligence
46. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
random sampling
Statistical regression
Lewis Terman
47. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
between subject
T-score
Reliability (+types)
confounding variable
48. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
between subject
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Acquiescence
49. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Discrete data
within subject
social desirability
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
50. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
standard error of mean
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Vocational tests
between subject