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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Intelligence
Robert Zajonc
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
cohort-sequential design
2. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
External validity (+types)
Discrete data
Demand characteristic
Inferential statistics
3. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
within subject
Split-half reliability
Population & related
Reactance
4. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Walter Mischel
Pearson r correlation coefficient
5. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Standard normal distributions
median
Anne Anastasi
Field study
6. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Two-way ANOVA
Hawthorne effect
Achievement tests
7. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Continuous data
Test-retest reliability
8. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
independent variable
Graphs (types)
standard deviation (calculation)
9. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Intelligence
Lie detector tests
mental age
Continuous data
10. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
statistics
generalizability
Julian Rotter
mental age
11. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Julian Rotter
Discrete data
Graphs (types)
12. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
placebo effect
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Correlational relationships
ratio variables
13. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
interval variables
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
variance and standard deviation
14. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Standard normal distributions
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Continuous data
Alfred Binet
15. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Projective tests (+types)
social desirability
Z-scores
16. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Julian Rotter
Criterion-referenced tests
histogram
bar graph
17. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
ANOVA/analysis of variance
frequency polygon
18. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Vocational tests
Anne Anastasi
frequency polygon
Word Association Test
19. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Learn the shape of different distributions
Concurrent validity
Objective tests (+types)
statistics
20. Knowing a fact
Descriptive statistics (+types)
variance (calculation)
Crystallized intelligence
Pearson r correlation coefficient
21. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
External validity (+types)
placebo effect
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Statistical regression
22. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Hawthorne effect
Scientific approach
IQ Binet'S equation
Fluid intelligence
23. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Objective tests (+types)
Selective attrition
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
cohort effect
24. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Scientific approach
Construct validity
Alpha levels
Face validity
25. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
mental age
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
random sampling
cohort effect
26. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Aptitude tests
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Split-half reliability
Correlational relationships
27. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Construct validity
Curvilinear relationship
social desirability
cross-sectional design
28. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Experimental design
confounding variable
cohort effect
Longitudinal design
29. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
One-way ANOVA
Statistical regression
Cross validation
Acquiescence
30. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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31. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
research design
ordinal variables
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
32. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
mental age
Draw-A-Person Test
Standard normal distributions
Hawthorne effect
33. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Mean IQ
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
frequency polygon
Field study
34. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
standard deviation (calculation)
35. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Demand characteristic
Draw-A-Person Test
Intelligence
quasi-experimental design
36. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
interval variables
predictive value
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
37. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Descriptive statistics (+types)
T-score
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Chi-square test
38. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Robert Zajonc
Content validity
Reactance
39. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
predictive value
Julian Rotter
Crystallized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
40. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Population & related
bar graph
Acquiescence
Correlational relationships
41. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Learn the shape of different distributions
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Domain-referenced tests
42. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Curvilinear relationship
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Demand characteristic
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
43. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
ordinal variables
Split-half reliability
Domain-referenced tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
44. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Q-sort/measure
Experimenter bias
T-test
stratified sampling
45. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Discrete data
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Correlational relationships
Objective tests (+types)
46. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Alfred Binet
T-test
Construct validity
47. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Reactance
Standard normal distributions
Correlational relationships
placebo effect
48. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
Continuous data
Walter Mischel
Internal validity
49. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
interval variables
normal distribution(+characteristic)
stratified sampling
Criterion-referenced tests
50. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Selective attrition
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Continuous data