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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured






2. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)






3. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution






4. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition






5. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person






6. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach






7. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis






8. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers






9. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it






10. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -






11. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale






12. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier






13. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted






14. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out






15. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale






16. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety






17. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition






18. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point






19. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)






20. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)






21. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment






22. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u






23. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms






24. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors






25. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value






26. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test






27. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting






28. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions






29. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P






30. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them






31. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory






32. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random






33. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions






34. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space






35. For children 6-16






36. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes






37. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50






38. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship






39. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind






40. The most frequently occurring value






41. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set






42. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind






43. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV






44. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable






45. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face






46. For children 4-6






47. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group






48. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)






49. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order






50. Knowing how to do something







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