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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Q-sort/measure
Null hypothesis
Hawthorne effect
2. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Lie detector tests
bar graph
Word Association Test
Graphs (types)
3. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
Reactance
ordinal variables
stratified sampling
4. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
generalizability
social desirability
Scientific approach
variance and standard deviation
5. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
6. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Chi-square test
Experimenter bias
Alpha levels
7. Used most commonly on standardized test
Validity (+types)
percentiles
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Curvilinear relationship
8. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
Objective tests (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Acquiescence
9. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Demand characteristic
Null hypothesis
Standard normal distributions
10. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Test-retest reliability
variance and standard deviation
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
11. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
median
Construct validity
Reactance
Null hypothesis
12. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
variance (calculation)
Charles Spearmen
percentiles
13. The most frequently occurring value
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Population & related
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
mode
14. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
IQ Binet'S equation
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Split-half reliability
Spearman r correlation coefficient
15. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Validity (+types)
Concurrent validity
Graphs (types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
16. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
Content validity
Scientific approach
ordinal variables
17. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Fluid intelligence
range
Discrete data
18. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Anne Anastasi
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Reactance
Mean IQ
19. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
between subject
Split-half reliability
F-scale or F-ratio
double-blind experiment
20. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
cross-sectional design
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Null hypothesis
standard deviation (calculation)
21. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Continuous data
T-test
confounding variable
22. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Word Association Test
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
23. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
between subject
ANOVA/analysis of variance
standard deviation (calculation)
Anne Anastasi
24. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Internal validity
Correlational relationships
dependent variable
Population & related
25. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
percentiles
mental age
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Anne Anastasi
26. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
between subject
Fluid intelligence
Word Association Test
27. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
cohort effect
Population & related
T-score
28. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Continuous data
mental age
Lewis Terman
bar graph
29. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
statistically significant
Experimental design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
bar graph
30. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
External validity (+types)
Type I and II errors
Charles Spearmen
31. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
variance and standard deviation
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Frequency distributions (+variables)
within subject
32. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Longitudinal design
Nonequivalent control group
Experimenter bias
Draw-A-Person Test
33. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
mode
Intelligence
Scientific approach
Linear regression
34. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Vocational tests
Demand characteristic
Null hypothesis
Descriptive statistics (+types)
35. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Descriptive statistics (+types)
mental age
median
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
36. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistically significant
Achievement tests
Domain-referenced tests
Z-scores
37. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
placebo
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Word Association Test
38. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
interval variables
ratio variables
Continuous data
placebo
39. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Reliability (+types)
Face validity
Population & related
40. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Walter Mischel
social desirability
Construct validity
41. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
research design
statistically significant
placebo
42. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Crystallized intelligence
T-score
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Longitudinal design
43. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Variability
cohort effect
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
44. For children 4-6
One-way ANOVA
Fluid intelligence
Standard normal distributions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
45. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
ordinal variables
Discrete data
Split-half reliability
46. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Alpha levels
Face validity
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
47. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Statistical regression
Rosenthal effect
nominal variables
Lie detector tests
48. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
mode
Cross validation
variance (calculation)
49. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
cohort effect
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Face validity
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
50. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
bar graph
Criterion-referenced tests
Experimenter bias
mental age