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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Alpha levels
Aptitude tests
Longitudinal design
2. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
IQ Binet'S equation
Rosenthal effect
Variability
standard deviation (calculation)
3. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
cross-sectional design
Concurrent validity
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
One-way ANOVA
4. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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5. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Illusory correlation
Hawthorne effect
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
6. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
variance and standard deviation
Reliability (+types)
Achievement tests
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
7. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Graphs (types)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Alpha levels
Linear regression
8. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Vocational tests
Domain-referenced tests
Test-retest reliability
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
9. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Nonequivalent control group
Curvilinear relationship
Internal validity
10. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Split-half reliability
median
standard error of mean
Walter Mischel
11. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
cohort-sequential design
stratified sampling
12. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
cohort effect
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
quasi-experimental design
13. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Construct validity
Projective tests (+types)
bar graph
independent variable
14. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Achievement tests
Split-half reliability
research design
Aptitude tests
15. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Walter Mischel
frequency polygon
mental age
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
16. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Charles Spearmen
Type I and II errors
Anne Anastasi
histogram
17. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Spearman r correlation coefficient
interval variables
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Word Association Test
18. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Concurrent validity
Two-way ANOVA
statistically significant
T-score
19. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
standard error of mean
Learn the shape of different distributions
20. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
One-way ANOVA
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
generalizability
21. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Word Association Test
research design
Domain-referenced tests
normal distribution(+characteristic)
22. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Julian Rotter
Learn the shape of different distributions
Continuous data
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
23. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
cohort effect
nominal variables
double-blind experiment
predictive value
24. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
median
Q-sort/measure
Item analysis (reliability)
Continuous data
25. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
histogram
Correlational relationships
26. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
T-score
Draw-A-Person Test
27. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Objective tests (+types)
social desirability
Reactance
28. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
cohort-sequential design
Construct validity
Discrete data
Split-half reliability
29. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Illusory correlation
Meta-analysis
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Content validity
30. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
Internal validity
within subject
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
31. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Achievement tests
Pearson r correlation coefficient
cohort-sequential design
32. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Curvilinear relationship
ratio variables
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
33. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
placebo effect
Continuous data
Experimental design
Draw-A-Person Test
34. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Two-way ANOVA
Criterion-referenced tests
Reactance
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
35. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Descriptive statistics (+types)
stratified sampling
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
generalizability
36. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Robert Zajonc
Anne Anastasi
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
37. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Test-retest reliability
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
social desirability
Validity (+types)
38. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
normal distribution(+characteristic)
random sampling
Content validity
Scientific approach
39. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Julian Rotter
Standard normal distributions
Robert Zajonc
Graphs (types)
40. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
placebo effect
Lie detector tests
Learn the shape of different distributions
Q-sort/measure
41. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Charles Spearmen
Anne Anastasi
Statistical regression
42. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
cross-sectional design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Standard normal distributions
43. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Experimental design
independent variable
Domain-referenced tests
Internal validity
44. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
stratified sampling
standard deviation (calculation)
Aptitude tests
45. Process in testing concurrent validity
T-test
cohort effect
Cross validation
Longitudinal design
46. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Robert Zajonc
Experimental design
Curvilinear relationship
Reliability (+types)
47. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
Curvilinear relationship
Variability
Internal validity
48. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Learn the shape of different distributions
independent variable
ratio variables
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
49. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
range
stratified sampling
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
50. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
variance (calculation)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Null hypothesis