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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Charles Spearmen
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Julian Rotter
cross-sectional design
2. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Julian Rotter
Frequency distributions (+variables)
variance and standard deviation
3. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
placebo
double-blind experiment
quasi-experimental design
4. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Inferential statistics
Scientific approach
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Continuous data
5. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Cross validation
generalizability
Charles Spearmen
Criterion-referenced tests
6. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
random sampling
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Factorial analysis of variance
7. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Objective tests (+types)
cohort effect
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
frequency polygon
8. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
generalizability
ratio variables
Longitudinal design
9. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Item analysis (reliability)
generalizability
Null hypothesis
Experimental design
10. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Walter Mischel
mode
placebo effect
median
11. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Charles Spearmen
Longitudinal design
Content validity
variance (calculation)
12. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
Domain-referenced tests
Word Association Test
Concurrent validity
13. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
statistically significant
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Crystallized intelligence
14. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Graphs (types)
Curvilinear relationship
Experimenter bias
research design
15. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
random sampling
standard error of mean
Standard normal distributions
16. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
Experimenter bias
Face validity
histogram
17. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Longitudinal design
Domain-referenced tests
IQ Binet'S equation
18. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
social desirability
Fluid intelligence
Continuous data
mode
19. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
ratio variables
Continuous data
Validity (+types)
T-score
20. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
random sampling
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Validity (+types)
21. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
stratified sampling
Scientific approach
Julian Rotter
mental age
22. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
confounding variable
External validity (+types)
placebo
Face validity
23. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Objective tests (+types)
Alfred Binet
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Split-half reliability
24. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Crystallized intelligence
Experimenter bias
External validity (+types)
25. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Pearson r correlation coefficient
variance and standard deviation
Q-sort/measure
Crystallized intelligence
26. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Inferential statistics
ordinal variables
Draw-A-Person Test
Longitudinal design
27. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
nominal variables
One-way ANOVA
variance (calculation)
statistically significant
28. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
cross-sectional design
Nonequivalent control group
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
29. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Two-way ANOVA
Objective tests (+types)
nominal variables
30. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Draw-A-Person Test
Construct validity
Standard normal distributions
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
31. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Lewis Terman
Alpha levels
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
32. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
frequency polygon
Alpha levels
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Robert Zajonc
33. For children 6-16
variance (calculation)
Concurrent validity
Charles Spearmen
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
34. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Demand characteristic
Experimenter bias
between subject
35. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Projective tests (+types)
Anne Anastasi
Face validity
ANOVA/analysis of variance
36. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Chi-square test
Julian Rotter
37. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Selective attrition
Reliability (+types)
Illusory correlation
cohort effect
38. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Experimenter bias
Rosenthal effect
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
39. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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40. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Factorial analysis of variance
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Reliability (+types)
research design
41. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Concurrent validity
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Chi-square test
placebo effect
42. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Experimenter bias
T-test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
43. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
standard error of mean
T-test
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Graphs (types)
44. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Face validity
Concurrent validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
45. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Factorial analysis of variance
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Inferential statistics
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
46. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
social desirability
Selective attrition
confounding variable
nominal variables
47. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
placebo
Field study
48. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
One-way ANOVA
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
dependent variable
Julian Rotter
49. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Z-scores
Experimenter bias
median
50. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
within subject
Demand characteristic
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Learn the shape of different distributions
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