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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Inferential statistics
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
2. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Face validity
Julian Rotter
confounding variable
Variability
3. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
IQ Binet'S equation
Meta-analysis
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Type I and II errors
4. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
variance (calculation)
Field study
Correlational relationships
Vocational tests
5. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
mode
Inferential statistics
Graphs (types)
between subject
6. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
interval variables
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Standard normal distributions
Split-half reliability
7. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
ordinal variables
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
8. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
dependent variable
Aptitude tests
median
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
9. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Achievement tests
double-blind experiment
Lewis Terman
ordinal variables
10. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
double-blind experiment
Curvilinear relationship
ANOVA/analysis of variance
11. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
standard error of mean
double-blind experiment
12. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
statistically significant
Chi-square test
double-blind experiment
13. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Type I and II errors
predictive value
14. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Intelligence
research design
T-test
15. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
statistics
Discrete data
Objective tests (+types)
16. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
histogram
Variability
Frequency distributions (+variables)
within subject
17. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Scientific approach
Chi-square test
interval variables
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
18. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Scientific approach
Construct validity
F-scale or F-ratio
19. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Correlational relationships
Linear regression
nominal variables
normal distribution(+characteristic)
20. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
T-score
Frequency distributions (+variables)
T-test
21. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Selective attrition
Illusory correlation
Standard normal distributions
ANOVA/analysis of variance
22. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Crystallized intelligence
Achievement tests
stratified sampling
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
23. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Rosenthal effect
Intelligence
Hawthorne effect
24. For children 4-6
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
standard error of mean
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
25. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Acquiescence
double-blind experiment
Anne Anastasi
Internal validity
26. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Split-half reliability
Demand characteristic
interval variables
Meta-analysis
27. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
predictive value
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Intelligence
28. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Experimenter bias
social desirability
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Null hypothesis
29. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Nonequivalent control group
Domain-referenced tests
Standard normal distributions
Chi-square test
30. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Illusory correlation
Rorschach Inkblot Test
ratio variables
31. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
nominal variables
range
F-scale or F-ratio
32. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
bar graph
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Illusory correlation
33. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Standard normal distributions
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
T-score
Fluid intelligence
34. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Statistical regression
histogram
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Robert Zajonc
35. Used most commonly on standardized test
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
percentiles
Acquiescence
frequency polygon
36. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
mode
Charles Spearmen
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
random sampling
37. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
cohort-sequential design
Lewis Terman
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Robert Zajonc
38. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Reactance
nominal variables
Rosenthal effect
Test-retest reliability
39. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Selective attrition
predictive value
Meta-analysis
Field study
40. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
IQ Binet'S equation
Hawthorne effect
ratio variables
41. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
percentiles
Validity (+types)
Factorial analysis of variance
Cross validation
42. For children 6-16
Projective tests (+types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Reliability (+types)
Inferential statistics
43. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Reactance
44. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Split-half reliability
placebo effect
45. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Population & related
variance (calculation)
Hawthorne effect
46. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
percentiles
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
interval variables
47. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
stratified sampling
Content validity
generalizability
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
48. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
normal distribution(+characteristic)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
standard error of mean
49. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Descriptive statistics (+types)
dependent variable
Field study
50. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
standard error of mean
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Alfred Binet
ratio variables