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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
placebo effect
independent variable
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Internal validity
2. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Pearson r correlation coefficient
ordinal variables
Internal validity
Experimental design
3. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lie detector tests
Scientific approach
Discrete data
Nonequivalent control group
4. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Intelligence
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
frequency polygon
5. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Test-retest reliability
Population & related
F-scale or F-ratio
Selective attrition
6. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
within subject
Anne Anastasi
Inferential statistics
Crystallized intelligence
7. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Alpha levels
generalizability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
social desirability
8. Process in testing concurrent validity
Cross validation
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
cross-sectional design
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
9. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Achievement tests
research design
F-scale or F-ratio
percentiles
10. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Cross validation
Experimenter bias
quasi-experimental design
Frequency distributions (+variables)
11. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Charles Spearmen
Spearman r correlation coefficient
12. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
One-way ANOVA
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Construct validity
13. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Cross validation
placebo effect
Vocational tests
research design
14. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Continuous data
predictive value
Graphs (types)
15. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Descriptive statistics (+types)
cross-sectional design
quasi-experimental design
variance and standard deviation
16. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
variance and standard deviation
confounding variable
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
17. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Test-retest reliability
Type I and II errors
Inferential statistics
18. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Q-sort/measure
histogram
Lewis Terman
Construct validity
19. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
Crystallized intelligence
Rosenthal effect
Split-half reliability
20. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Draw-A-Person Test
generalizability
Achievement tests
Face validity
21. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
between subject
ordinal variables
standard deviation (calculation)
generalizability
22. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
mental age
Inferential statistics
Population & related
23. For children 4-6
frequency polygon
Meta-analysis
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
cross-sectional design
24. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Longitudinal design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Discrete data
25. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Face validity
histogram
T-score
Word Association Test
26. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Mean IQ
27. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
One-way ANOVA
double-blind experiment
Alpha levels
28. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Aptitude tests
Validity (+types)
T-score
29. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Null hypothesis
between subject
mental age
30. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
ordinal variables
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Nonequivalent control group
Cross validation
31. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Achievement tests
Lewis Terman
placebo
Face validity
32. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Lie detector tests
Descriptive statistics (+types)
T-test
statistics
33. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Meta-analysis
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Lewis Terman
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
34. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Curvilinear relationship
Chi-square test
Charles Spearmen
interval variables
35. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Population & related
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Reliability (+types)
F-scale or F-ratio
36. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Alfred Binet
One-way ANOVA
Construct validity
Projective tests (+types)
37. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Cross validation
Projective tests (+types)
Reliability (+types)
38. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Alpha levels
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
double-blind experiment
Julian Rotter
39. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
within subject
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
mode
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
40. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Reactance
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
41. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Frequency distributions (+variables)
random sampling
External validity (+types)
Curvilinear relationship
42. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Reactance
social desirability
T-score
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
43. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Mean IQ
Descriptive statistics (+types)
44. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
frequency polygon
Concurrent validity
Field study
Scientific approach
45. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
statistically significant
quasi-experimental design
stratified sampling
random sampling
46. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
stratified sampling
histogram
Alfred Binet
47. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
median
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
dependent variable
Test-retest reliability
48. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Mean IQ
Fluid intelligence
Experimenter bias
Hawthorne effect
49. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Rosenthal effect
Illusory correlation
50. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Z-scores
double-blind experiment
Learn the shape of different distributions
Concurrent validity
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