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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Field study
2. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Continuous data
Julian Rotter
Item analysis (reliability)
Linear regression
3. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Inferential statistics
Validity (+types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
External validity (+types)
4. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
generalizability
F-scale or F-ratio
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
range
5. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Illusory correlation
Population & related
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Objective tests (+types)
6. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Walter Mischel
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
confounding variable
7. For children 6-16
ratio variables
Scientific approach
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Rosenthal effect
8. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
within subject
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Hawthorne effect
9. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Achievement tests
Discrete data
One-way ANOVA
Demand characteristic
10. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Longitudinal design
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Charles Spearmen
Aptitude tests
11. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
interval variables
12. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
ordinal variables
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Z-scores
13. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Achievement tests
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Validity (+types)
14. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
predictive value
Alfred Binet
confounding variable
T-test
15. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
interval variables
Field study
Scientific approach
T-score
16. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Test-retest reliability
Two-way ANOVA
Pearson r correlation coefficient
stratified sampling
17. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
ratio variables
Draw-A-Person Test
percentiles
18. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
External validity (+types)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
social desirability
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
19. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Lie detector tests
Linear regression
Charles Spearmen
Objective tests (+types)
20. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
histogram
Q-sort/measure
Item analysis (reliability)
21. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
variance (calculation)
histogram
statistically significant
nominal variables
22. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Curvilinear relationship
cross-sectional design
F-scale or F-ratio
ordinal variables
23. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
interval variables
Construct validity
ratio variables
Hawthorne effect
24. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lie detector tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
cohort-sequential design
Mean IQ
25. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
ANOVA/analysis of variance
random sampling
Type I and II errors
Draw-A-Person Test
26. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Experimenter bias
Mean IQ
Domain-referenced tests
Frequency distributions (+variables)
27. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
mode
double-blind experiment
quasi-experimental design
28. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Criterion-referenced tests
Chi-square test
social desirability
Alpha levels
29. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
confounding variable
Spearman r correlation coefficient
F-scale or F-ratio
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
30. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
Draw-A-Person Test
Graphs (types)
One-way ANOVA
31. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
placebo
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Intelligence
32. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Correlational relationships
Crystallized intelligence
Two-way ANOVA
33. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Inferential statistics
independent variable
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
34. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Projective tests (+types)
Demand characteristic
social desirability
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
35. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Meta-analysis
variance and standard deviation
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
bar graph
36. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Domain-referenced tests
predictive value
Charles Spearmen
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
37. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Word Association Test
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Field study
38. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Population & related
bar graph
39. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Projective tests (+types)
Domain-referenced tests
T-test
40. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
Criterion-referenced tests
Frequency distributions (+variables)
variance (calculation)
41. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Acquiescence
ratio variables
42. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Factorial analysis of variance
variance and standard deviation
Null hypothesis
interval variables
43. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Face validity
Standard normal distributions
Inferential statistics
Field study
44. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
One-way ANOVA
cohort-sequential design
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Item analysis (reliability)
45. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Rorschach Inkblot Test
nominal variables
dependent variable
One-way ANOVA
46. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
mental age
independent variable
within subject
Acquiescence
47. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Projective tests (+types)
quasi-experimental design
48. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
between subject
Curvilinear relationship
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Q-sort/measure
49. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
variance and standard deviation
Concurrent validity
Anne Anastasi
Selective attrition
50. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Content validity
Validity (+types)
T-test
Test-retest reliability