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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Test-retest reliability
Validity (+types)
2. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
social desirability
independent variable
cohort-sequential design
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
3. For children 6-16
T-score
Mean IQ
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
4. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Concurrent validity
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Linear regression
double-blind experiment
5. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Split-half reliability
Longitudinal design
Selective attrition
double-blind experiment
6. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Lie detector tests
histogram
Test-retest reliability
Learn the shape of different distributions
7. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Draw-A-Person Test
Descriptive statistics (+types)
frequency polygon
Concurrent validity
8. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Experimental design
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
9. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Alfred Binet
research design
Concurrent validity
F-scale or F-ratio
10. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
random sampling
Continuous data
Robert Zajonc
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
11. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Q-sort/measure
Objective tests (+types)
dependent variable
Intelligence
12. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Longitudinal design
between subject
Field study
Rosenthal effect
13. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
T-test
cohort effect
frequency polygon
14. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Variability
Two-way ANOVA
interval variables
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
15. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Walter Mischel
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
16. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
confounding variable
Rosenthal effect
standard error of mean
quasi-experimental design
17. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
confounding variable
interval variables
Internal validity
18. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Population & related
Test-retest reliability
19. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Criterion-referenced tests
Nonequivalent control group
20. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Lewis Terman
Meta-analysis
Charles Spearmen
Discrete data
21. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
variance and standard deviation
Z-scores
Walter Mischel
Rorschach Inkblot Test
22. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
Selective attrition
within subject
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
23. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Illusory correlation
Correlational relationships
bar graph
Spearman r correlation coefficient
24. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
mode
median
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
statistics
25. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
cross-sectional design
Discrete data
Anne Anastasi
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
26. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
cohort effect
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Two-way ANOVA
27. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Field study
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
standard deviation (calculation)
28. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Word Association Test
cohort-sequential design
Alpha levels
29. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
Vocational tests
ANOVA/analysis of variance
within subject
30. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
quasi-experimental design
Variability
31. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
F-scale or F-ratio
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Meta-analysis
Type I and II errors
32. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
cohort effect
F-scale or F-ratio
frequency polygon
Projective tests (+types)
33. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Z-scores
Projective tests (+types)
Criterion-referenced tests
Learn the shape of different distributions
34. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Alpha levels
35. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
generalizability
cohort effect
Descriptive statistics (+types)
confounding variable
36. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Illusory correlation
mental age
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
37. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Julian Rotter
between subject
within subject
Acquiescence
38. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
External validity (+types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Illusory correlation
F-scale or F-ratio
39. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
placebo
Anne Anastasi
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
40. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Continuous data
Two-way ANOVA
Julian Rotter
nominal variables
41. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Domain-referenced tests
Crystallized intelligence
mental age
42. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Pearson r correlation coefficient
independent variable
IQ Binet'S equation
Anne Anastasi
43. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Reactance
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Content validity
Scientific approach
44. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
frequency polygon
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Face validity
Spearman r correlation coefficient
45. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
standard deviation (calculation)
Mean IQ
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
46. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Learn the shape of different distributions
Linear regression
research design
Reliability (+types)
47. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Projective tests (+types)
Construct validity
48. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Domain-referenced tests
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Reactance
normal distribution(+characteristic)
49. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Experimenter bias
Learn the shape of different distributions
Vocational tests
Test-retest reliability
50. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Anne Anastasi
Statistical regression
Concurrent validity
Cross validation
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