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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
placebo
Curvilinear relationship
predictive value
social desirability
2. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Statistical regression
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Pearson r correlation coefficient
3. Knowing how to do something
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Construct validity
Scientific approach
Fluid intelligence
4. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Longitudinal design
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Learn the shape of different distributions
5. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
cohort-sequential design
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Nonequivalent control group
6. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Anne Anastasi
histogram
Demand characteristic
confounding variable
7. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
T-score
Learn the shape of different distributions
confounding variable
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
8. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
cross-sectional design
Lewis Terman
Meta-analysis
histogram
9. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Test-retest reliability
cohort-sequential design
Construct validity
10. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
bar graph
statistics
Walter Mischel
11. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Test-retest reliability
Selective attrition
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
predictive value
12. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
ANOVA/analysis of variance
ratio variables
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
13. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Two-way ANOVA
Mean IQ
14. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Test-retest reliability
Scientific approach
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
15. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
T-test
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
16. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Validity (+types)
interval variables
mental age
Chi-square test
17. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
T-score
Linear regression
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Pearson r correlation coefficient
18. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Nonequivalent control group
interval variables
research design
Descriptive statistics (+types)
19. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Anne Anastasi
histogram
20. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Objective tests (+types)
Criterion-referenced tests
statistically significant
Field study
21. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
T-score
standard error of mean
Objective tests (+types)
dependent variable
22. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
frequency polygon
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Alfred Binet
histogram
23. Process in testing concurrent validity
Cross validation
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Rorschach Inkblot Test
24. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Construct validity
Q-sort/measure
random sampling
Lie detector tests
25. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Experimenter bias
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
26. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
mental age
Item analysis (reliability)
Correlational relationships
27. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Frequency distributions (+variables)
histogram
research design
Curvilinear relationship
28. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Reliability (+types)
placebo effect
Rosenthal effect
Charles Spearmen
29. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
variance (calculation)
within subject
Construct validity
research design
30. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Correlational relationships
dependent variable
Content validity
Pearson r correlation coefficient
31. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
independent variable
Face validity
Experimenter bias
Robert Zajonc
32. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Robert Zajonc
median
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
33. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
cross-sectional design
nominal variables
Concurrent validity
34. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Inferential statistics
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Vocational tests
Graphs (types)
35. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Alpha levels
T-score
36. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Acquiescence
Anne Anastasi
double-blind experiment
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
37. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Intelligence
Construct validity
mental age
External validity (+types)
38. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Validity (+types)
confounding variable
dependent variable
Nonequivalent control group
39. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Reactance
random sampling
Objective tests (+types)
Selective attrition
40. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
quasi-experimental design
predictive value
Walter Mischel
Vocational tests
41. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Internal validity
Mean IQ
Crystallized intelligence
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
42. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Field study
Experimenter bias
between subject
Reactance
43. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Criterion-referenced tests
One-way ANOVA
Walter Mischel
Inferential statistics
44. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Item analysis (reliability)
Achievement tests
Standard normal distributions
standard deviation (calculation)
45. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
One-way ANOVA
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Variability
46. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
Acquiescence
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
47. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Discrete data
Construct validity
48. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Split-half reliability
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Domain-referenced tests
Aptitude tests
49. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Alfred Binet
Type I and II errors
Q-sort/measure
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
50. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
random sampling
placebo
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
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