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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Standard normal distributions
mode
between subject
percentiles
2. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Correlational relationships
ordinal variables
Lewis Terman
3. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Reliability (+types)
Acquiescence
T-test
Validity (+types)
4. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Factorial analysis of variance
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
5. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Achievement tests
Reactance
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Anne Anastasi
6. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Q-sort/measure
Statistical regression
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
7. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Q-sort/measure
standard deviation (calculation)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
8. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
histogram
Lie detector tests
Vocational tests
quasi-experimental design
9. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenthal effect
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Nonequivalent control group
predictive value
10. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Selective attrition
ratio variables
Achievement tests
Hawthorne effect
11. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Fluid intelligence
bar graph
ANOVA/analysis of variance
12. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Test-retest reliability
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Experimenter bias
13. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Projective tests (+types)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
14. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
generalizability
Charles Spearmen
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Draw-A-Person Test
15. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Fluid intelligence
Learn the shape of different distributions
Scientific approach
16. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Field study
Pearson r correlation coefficient
T-test
Robert Zajonc
17. How the score are spread out overall
bar graph
Experimental design
Aptitude tests
Variability
18. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Alpha levels
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
One-way ANOVA
Descriptive statistics (+types)
19. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
Concurrent validity
between subject
Q-sort/measure
20. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Charles Spearmen
Cross validation
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
independent variable
21. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
predictive value
cross-sectional design
double-blind experiment
Rosenthal effect
22. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
confounding variable
Longitudinal design
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Content validity
23. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Nonequivalent control group
Meta-analysis
range
24. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Alfred Binet
stratified sampling
Variability
Z-scores
25. Knowing a fact
Intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
mental age
statistics
26. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Meta-analysis
Reactance
double-blind experiment
Vocational tests
27. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Alpha levels
range
External validity (+types)
confounding variable
28. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
standard error of mean
Type I and II errors
within subject
Alpha levels
29. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Spearman r correlation coefficient
T-score
Inferential statistics
dependent variable
30. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Discrete data
Intelligence
T-score
Acquiescence
31. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Alfred Binet
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Word Association Test
Face validity
32. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Item analysis (reliability)
Validity (+types)
Discrete data
variance (calculation)
33. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Standard normal distributions
cohort effect
34. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
confounding variable
Field study
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
One-way ANOVA
35. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Alpha levels
standard deviation (calculation)
36. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
placebo
Word Association Test
Reactance
research design
37. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Criterion-referenced tests
statistics
double-blind experiment
38. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
variance and standard deviation
mental age
range
39. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Criterion-referenced tests
Construct validity
median
Content validity
40. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Concurrent validity
range
Lewis Terman
F-scale or F-ratio
41. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Experimenter bias
cross-sectional design
Face validity
Longitudinal design
42. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
statistically significant
mental age
Factorial analysis of variance
Learn the shape of different distributions
43. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Reactance
within subject
Concurrent validity
T-score
44. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Julian Rotter
Hawthorne effect
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Null hypothesis
45. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Learn the shape of different distributions
Linear regression
Experimenter bias
External validity (+types)
46. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
interval variables
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Objective tests (+types)
Alpha levels
47. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
IQ Binet'S equation
Intelligence
cohort effect
Fluid intelligence
48. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Robert Zajonc
Z-scores
cohort-sequential design
placebo effect
49. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Discrete data
Experimenter bias
T-test
Word Association Test
50. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
within subject
Discrete data
Hawthorne effect