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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
stratified sampling
Achievement tests
Z-scores
2. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Item analysis (reliability)
stratified sampling
One-way ANOVA
Anne Anastasi
3. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
IQ Binet'S equation
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
4. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Intelligence
Crystallized intelligence
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
random sampling
5. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Item analysis (reliability)
Split-half reliability
range
dependent variable
6. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Lie detector tests
Experimenter bias
Projective tests (+types)
Inferential statistics
7. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
range
Criterion-referenced tests
variance and standard deviation
Mean IQ
8. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
median
random sampling
social desirability
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
9. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Factorial analysis of variance
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
variance and standard deviation
10. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
ordinal variables
Continuous data
Mean IQ
11. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Discrete data
predictive value
12. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
External validity (+types)
research design
Linear regression
Hawthorne effect
13. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Word Association Test
ordinal variables
Achievement tests
Experimental design
14. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Validity (+types)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Selective attrition
Acquiescence
15. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Two-way ANOVA
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Aptitude tests
Demand characteristic
16. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Graphs (types)
Acquiescence
statistically significant
17. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
histogram
Robert Zajonc
cross-sectional design
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
18. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
generalizability
Curvilinear relationship
Acquiescence
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
19. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
quasi-experimental design
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Content validity
20. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
variance and standard deviation
Pearson r correlation coefficient
statistics
21. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Mean IQ
Frequency distributions (+variables)
variance (calculation)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
22. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Null hypothesis
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Continuous data
Validity (+types)
23. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Factorial analysis of variance
interval variables
Z-scores
Inferential statistics
24. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
frequency polygon
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Demand characteristic
25. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
predictive value
Q-sort/measure
26. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Nonequivalent control group
Objective tests (+types)
social desirability
27. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Lewis Terman
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Chi-square test
Linear regression
28. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
within subject
Experimenter bias
Achievement tests
F-scale or F-ratio
29. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Nonequivalent control group
Q-sort/measure
quasi-experimental design
Achievement tests
30. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Two-way ANOVA
Type I and II errors
bar graph
31. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Continuous data
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Null hypothesis
32. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
cohort-sequential design
Scientific approach
bar graph
33. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
between subject
statistics
Rosenthal effect
Two-way ANOVA
34. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Mean IQ
normal distribution(+characteristic)
35. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
range
Longitudinal design
Julian Rotter
double-blind experiment
36. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Reactance
statistically significant
social desirability
37. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
Factorial analysis of variance
mental age
Correlational relationships
38. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Z-scores
Domain-referenced tests
Validity (+types)
39. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Cross validation
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Objective tests (+types)
Acquiescence
40. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
interval variables
Meta-analysis
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
frequency polygon
41. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
frequency polygon
Nonequivalent control group
Hawthorne effect
42. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Graphs (types)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Alfred Binet
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
43. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Construct validity
quasi-experimental design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
44. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
bar graph
Projective tests (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Linear regression
45. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
cross-sectional design
Factorial analysis of variance
Experimental design
between subject
46. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Discrete data
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Inferential statistics
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
47. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
Intelligence
Rosenthal effect
Two-way ANOVA
48. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
range
T-score
Concurrent validity
Scientific approach
49. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
stratified sampling
Meta-analysis
Alfred Binet
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
50. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Selective attrition
Continuous data
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Statistical regression