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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
ANOVA/analysis of variance
range
Q-sort/measure
Hawthorne effect
2. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
predictive value
standard deviation (calculation)
Alpha levels
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
3. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Aptitude tests
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
interval variables
stratified sampling
4. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Face validity
Variability
Alpha levels
5. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Item analysis (reliability)
Cross validation
ratio variables
cohort effect
6. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Discrete data
nominal variables
between subject
frequency polygon
7. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Mean IQ
frequency polygon
Curvilinear relationship
percentiles
8. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Demand characteristic
generalizability
Concurrent validity
9. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
independent variable
F-scale or F-ratio
research design
10. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
predictive value
Concurrent validity
11. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Crystallized intelligence
Rosenthal effect
Alfred Binet
normal distribution(+characteristic)
12. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
histogram
Type I and II errors
median
13. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Statistical regression
mental age
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
14. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Statistical regression
Lewis Terman
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
15. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
interval variables
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
double-blind experiment
Internal validity
16. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Nonequivalent control group
Walter Mischel
variance (calculation)
Factorial analysis of variance
17. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Acquiescence
Anne Anastasi
statistics
Standard normal distributions
18. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
within subject
Hawthorne effect
19. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Experimenter bias
Achievement tests
variance and standard deviation
20. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
quasi-experimental design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
placebo effect
Correlational relationships
21. How the score are spread out overall
independent variable
Variability
Construct validity
Z-scores
22. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Face validity
23. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
statistics
Robert Zajonc
External validity (+types)
24. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
double-blind experiment
Reactance
Aptitude tests
25. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
One-way ANOVA
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
T-score
Crystallized intelligence
26. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Alfred Binet
Discrete data
stratified sampling
Inferential statistics
27. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Scientific approach
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Curvilinear relationship
28. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
ordinal variables
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
placebo
29. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
mode
Face validity
Curvilinear relationship
Hawthorne effect
30. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Achievement tests
Z-scores
Word Association Test
31. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
mode
Walter Mischel
Anne Anastasi
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
32. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Hawthorne effect
Reactance
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
median
33. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
percentiles
Graphs (types)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Population & related
34. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Continuous data
Reliability (+types)
variance and standard deviation
standard deviation (calculation)
35. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Alfred Binet
Standard normal distributions
36. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Demand characteristic
Test-retest reliability
Construct validity
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
37. For children 6-16
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
percentiles
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
between subject
38. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Variability
Word Association Test
Internal validity
39. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
generalizability
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
between subject
Continuous data
40. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
placebo
41. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Continuous data
within subject
cohort-sequential design
research design
42. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
standard error of mean
Test-retest reliability
within subject
43. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Experimenter bias
Word Association Test
Anne Anastasi
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
44. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
standard deviation (calculation)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Word Association Test
Projective tests (+types)
45. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Null hypothesis
confounding variable
cross-sectional design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
46. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Reliability (+types)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Concurrent validity
47. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Continuous data
One-way ANOVA
48. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
placebo effect
Construct validity
Internal validity
predictive value
49. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Acquiescence
generalizability
standard error of mean
50. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
range
Q-sort/measure
Correlational relationships