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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Alfred Binet
Pearson r correlation coefficient
dependent variable
Q-sort/measure
2. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
variance (calculation)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Field study
Projective tests (+types)
3. The most frequently occurring value
mode
External validity (+types)
Linear regression
Projective tests (+types)
4. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Word Association Test
Field study
T-score
5. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
variance and standard deviation
Julian Rotter
Mean IQ
Fluid intelligence
6. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Walter Mischel
statistics
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
7. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
Draw-A-Person Test
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Q-sort/measure
8. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
placebo effect
Word Association Test
random sampling
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
9. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Hawthorne effect
variance (calculation)
Construct validity
10. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Word Association Test
Type I and II errors
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
11. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
percentiles
Scientific approach
Charles Spearmen
12. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
interval variables
Meta-analysis
Split-half reliability
13. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Intelligence
F-scale or F-ratio
standard error of mean
Graphs (types)
14. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
cohort effect
IQ Binet'S equation
Julian Rotter
Achievement tests
15. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Lie detector tests
statistically significant
Lewis Terman
T-test
16. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Learn the shape of different distributions
bar graph
17. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Null hypothesis
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
statistics
Two-way ANOVA
18. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Acquiescence
mental age
Demand characteristic
independent variable
19. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
statistically significant
Illusory correlation
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Rorschach Inkblot Test
20. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
T-score
mode
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
21. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Population & related
Alpha levels
Concurrent validity
22. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Reliability (+types)
cohort effect
Curvilinear relationship
Frequency distributions (+variables)
23. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Demand characteristic
Criterion-referenced tests
placebo effect
standard error of mean
24. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
between subject
Intelligence
Julian Rotter
25. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
ordinal variables
Reactance
statistically significant
Illusory correlation
26. Knowing how to do something
Q-sort/measure
cohort-sequential design
Fluid intelligence
Type I and II errors
27. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
social desirability
mode
External validity (+types)
28. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
social desirability
between subject
cross-sectional design
Lewis Terman
29. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Objective tests (+types)
Alpha levels
Content validity
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
30. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Longitudinal design
Julian Rotter
Mean IQ
Descriptive statistics (+types)
31. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Linear regression
statistics
mental age
32. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Nonequivalent control group
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
social desirability
Word Association Test
33. For children 6-16
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
nominal variables
34. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Z-scores
Q-sort/measure
Meta-analysis
F-scale or F-ratio
35. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
standard deviation (calculation)
IQ Binet'S equation
Vocational tests
Pearson r correlation coefficient
36. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
variance and standard deviation
Meta-analysis
Correlational relationships
37. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Aptitude tests
mode
Robert Zajonc
38. Process in testing concurrent validity
Cross validation
median
Aptitude tests
Selective attrition
39. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Continuous data
Projective tests (+types)
histogram
cohort-sequential design
40. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Construct validity
Z-scores
F-scale or F-ratio
Projective tests (+types)
41. Knowing a fact
Split-half reliability
Crystallized intelligence
Curvilinear relationship
variance and standard deviation
42. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Criterion-referenced tests
Linear regression
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Factorial analysis of variance
43. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Discrete data
Test-retest reliability
Correlational relationships
44. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Inferential statistics
Construct validity
45. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
T-test
Factorial analysis of variance
Lie detector tests
Mean IQ
46. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
cross-sectional design
independent variable
mode
Alfred Binet
47. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
External validity (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Selective attrition
Statistical regression
48. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Objective tests (+types)
predictive value
ratio variables
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
49. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
independent variable
Population & related
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Split-half reliability
50. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
One-way ANOVA
Hawthorne effect
histogram
research design