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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Illusory correlation
mode
Anne Anastasi
between subject
2. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
generalizability
Vocational tests
Hawthorne effect
Q-sort/measure
3. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Discrete data
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Acquiescence
Curvilinear relationship
4. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Robert Zajonc
between subject
ratio variables
5. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Inferential statistics
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Charles Spearmen
Aptitude tests
6. Knowing a fact
Reliability (+types)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
mental age
Crystallized intelligence
7. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Robert Zajonc
Word Association Test
within subject
8. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
Concurrent validity
Factorial analysis of variance
Population & related
9. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Lie detector tests
Item analysis (reliability)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
10. Knowing how to do something
statistics
Objective tests (+types)
Reliability (+types)
Fluid intelligence
11. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Standard normal distributions
range
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Chi-square test
12. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Intelligence
Null hypothesis
social desirability
variance and standard deviation
13. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
nominal variables
mental age
histogram
Curvilinear relationship
14. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
cross-sectional design
Q-sort/measure
Vocational tests
Lewis Terman
15. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
between subject
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Construct validity
16. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Achievement tests
Chi-square test
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Test-retest reliability
17. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Scientific approach
Face validity
Walter Mischel
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
18. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Hawthorne effect
social desirability
stratified sampling
Domain-referenced tests
19. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Hawthorne effect
Factorial analysis of variance
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
20. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Q-sort/measure
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Curvilinear relationship
21. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
within subject
Discrete data
cohort-sequential design
Continuous data
22. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Type I and II errors
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
23. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Spearman r correlation coefficient
statistically significant
nominal variables
24. The most frequently occurring value
histogram
percentiles
Lie detector tests
mode
25. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
social desirability
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Field study
Cross validation
26. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Projective tests (+types)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Intelligence
27. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Factorial analysis of variance
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
generalizability
28. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
IQ Binet'S equation
standard error of mean
Charles Spearmen
Anne Anastasi
29. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Rorschach Inkblot Test
variance (calculation)
Standard normal distributions
Lie detector tests
30. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Inferential statistics
stratified sampling
variance and standard deviation
predictive value
31. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
ratio variables
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
dependent variable
32. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
random sampling
Learn the shape of different distributions
Content validity
Face validity
33. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Draw-A-Person Test
mode
cohort-sequential design
34. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
External validity (+types)
Word Association Test
Learn the shape of different distributions
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
35. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Standard normal distributions
confounding variable
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Validity (+types)
36. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Nonequivalent control group
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
F-scale or F-ratio
ordinal variables
37. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
variance and standard deviation
Demand characteristic
Q-sort/measure
38. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
Pearson r correlation coefficient
ordinal variables
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
39. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Criterion-referenced tests
Nonequivalent control group
Factorial analysis of variance
placebo effect
40. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Crystallized intelligence
quasi-experimental design
random sampling
Spearman r correlation coefficient
41. For children 6-16
social desirability
within subject
frequency polygon
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
42. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Selective attrition
Alpha levels
Aptitude tests
social desirability
43. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
double-blind experiment
between subject
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Z-scores
44. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
predictive value
Experimenter bias
ratio variables
Construct validity
45. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Experimenter bias
Validity (+types)
Robert Zajonc
normal distribution(+characteristic)
46. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
standard error of mean
Charles Spearmen
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Reactance
47. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Reactance
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
48. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Discrete data
IQ Binet'S equation
49. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
cohort effect
Selective attrition
ordinal variables
Rorschach Inkblot Test
50. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Two-way ANOVA
standard error of mean
Statistical regression