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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Factorial analysis of variance
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Rosenthal effect
quasi-experimental design
2. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Inferential statistics
dependent variable
Concurrent validity
3. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Linear regression
Curvilinear relationship
Selective attrition
4. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
Learn the shape of different distributions
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Z-scores
5. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Variability
Two-way ANOVA
6. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
ratio variables
Construct validity
Scientific approach
Continuous data
7. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
interval variables
statistics
Lewis Terman
8. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
research design
standard deviation (calculation)
Crystallized intelligence
ordinal variables
9. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Objective tests (+types)
Rosenthal effect
Lewis Terman
standard error of mean
10. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Discrete data
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
mental age
independent variable
11. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Continuous data
Two-way ANOVA
Standard normal distributions
interval variables
12. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
social desirability
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
standard deviation (calculation)
frequency polygon
13. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
cross-sectional design
random sampling
interval variables
double-blind experiment
14. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Statistical regression
placebo
Demand characteristic
One-way ANOVA
15. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
ordinal variables
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
statistically significant
Correlational relationships
16. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
percentiles
Frequency distributions (+variables)
variance and standard deviation
Field study
17. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
mode
Validity (+types)
Julian Rotter
nominal variables
18. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alfred Binet
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
cohort-sequential design
19. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
median
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Criterion-referenced tests
frequency polygon
20. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Nonequivalent control group
placebo
21. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Meta-analysis
Lie detector tests
cross-sectional design
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
22. The most frequently occurring value
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
mode
23. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Standard normal distributions
Julian Rotter
percentiles
social desirability
24. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Reliability (+types)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
ordinal variables
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
25. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
double-blind experiment
Hawthorne effect
interval variables
Fluid intelligence
26. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Population & related
Concurrent validity
standard deviation (calculation)
Illusory correlation
27. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
independent variable
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Q-sort/measure
Robert Zajonc
28. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Construct validity
Objective tests (+types)
Intelligence
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
29. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Robert Zajonc
Validity (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Criterion-referenced tests
30. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Robert Zajonc
placebo effect
Spearman r correlation coefficient
31. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
Word Association Test
T-test
Face validity
32. Process in testing concurrent validity
histogram
statistics
Cross validation
Reliability (+types)
33. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
One-way ANOVA
predictive value
Word Association Test
Learn the shape of different distributions
34. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Statistical regression
Vocational tests
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
35. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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36. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Reactance
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Lie detector tests
37. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
predictive value
dependent variable
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Null hypothesis
38. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
Robert Zajonc
Item analysis (reliability)
Crystallized intelligence
39. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Longitudinal design
Draw-A-Person Test
placebo
Two-way ANOVA
40. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
statistics
Charles Spearmen
between subject
Scientific approach
41. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Fluid intelligence
Lie detector tests
random sampling
42. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
stratified sampling
mode
cross-sectional design
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
43. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Criterion-referenced tests
IQ Binet'S equation
Inferential statistics
44. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
dependent variable
Robert Zajonc
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Vocational tests
45. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Achievement tests
range
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Vocational tests
46. How the score are spread out overall
Variability
random sampling
Q-sort/measure
Objective tests (+types)
47. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Reactance
Draw-A-Person Test
Objective tests (+types)
Q-sort/measure
48. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Item analysis (reliability)
Mean IQ
interval variables
49. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Split-half reliability
One-way ANOVA
Q-sort/measure
Null hypothesis
50. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Face validity
Discrete data
Selective attrition
placebo
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