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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
mode
Continuous data
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Achievement tests
2. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Z-scores
mode
IQ Binet'S equation
independent variable
3. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
T-test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Null hypothesis
Robert Zajonc
4. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Field study
Z-scores
cohort effect
5. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Internal validity
Walter Mischel
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
6. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
between subject
Discrete data
Acquiescence
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
7. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Lewis Terman
Content validity
generalizability
8. For children 6-16
Discrete data
mental age
range
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
9. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
histogram
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
10. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Projective tests (+types)
Null hypothesis
Anne Anastasi
Learn the shape of different distributions
11. The most frequently occurring value
interval variables
Experimental design
mode
between subject
12. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
Longitudinal design
predictive value
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
13. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Reactance
Projective tests (+types)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
14. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Reliability (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Q-sort/measure
15. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Criterion-referenced tests
Construct validity
cross-sectional design
dependent variable
16. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
ordinal variables
Rosenthal effect
Spearman r correlation coefficient
ANOVA/analysis of variance
17. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Walter Mischel
Acquiescence
Construct validity
Field study
18. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
independent variable
Selective attrition
Type I and II errors
T-test
19. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Criterion-referenced tests
Concurrent validity
mental age
Test-retest reliability
20. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
frequency polygon
Reactance
Achievement tests
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
21. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
bar graph
Rosenthal effect
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Hawthorne effect
22. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Statistical regression
nominal variables
standard deviation (calculation)
Cross validation
23. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
histogram
Curvilinear relationship
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Field study
24. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
median
placebo
double-blind experiment
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
25. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Vocational tests
Walter Mischel
Q-sort/measure
Statistical regression
26. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Robert Zajonc
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
histogram
Null hypothesis
27. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
research design
Charles Spearmen
statistically significant
28. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Linear regression
Internal validity
Intelligence
29. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Two-way ANOVA
Fluid intelligence
ordinal variables
30. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Nonequivalent control group
Item analysis (reliability)
Charles Spearmen
Lewis Terman
31. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Validity (+types)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
mental age
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
32. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Curvilinear relationship
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
33. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Crystallized intelligence
social desirability
Experimental design
Intelligence
34. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Experimenter bias
Longitudinal design
Alfred Binet
Criterion-referenced tests
35. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
mental age
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
variance and standard deviation
Q-sort/measure
36. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Crystallized intelligence
Experimenter bias
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
37. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
cross-sectional design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Face validity
standard error of mean
38. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Julian Rotter
Split-half reliability
Concurrent validity
39. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Vocational tests
Draw-A-Person Test
statistics
Aptitude tests
40. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Reliability (+types)
Julian Rotter
Longitudinal design
Hawthorne effect
41. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Learn the shape of different distributions
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
cohort-sequential design
Anne Anastasi
42. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Validity (+types)
standard error of mean
Test-retest reliability
43. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Test-retest reliability
mode
Linear regression
Robert Zajonc
44. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Validity (+types)
mode
variance (calculation)
Experimenter bias
45. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
median
nominal variables
One-way ANOVA
Alpha levels
46. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
within subject
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
47. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
ordinal variables
Hawthorne effect
generalizability
Two-way ANOVA
48. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
ANOVA/analysis of variance
predictive value
Rosenthal effect
Domain-referenced tests
49. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
mental age
Robert Zajonc
Face validity
50. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Linear regression
Validity (+types)
Field study
Reactance