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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
histogram
Mean IQ
Two-way ANOVA
Meta-analysis
2. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
range
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
dependent variable
3. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Fluid intelligence
Z-scores
4. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Domain-referenced tests
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
ordinal variables
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
5. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
T-score
nominal variables
dependent variable
6. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Statistical regression
Cross validation
Type I and II errors
7. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
interval variables
Anne Anastasi
Content validity
between subject
8. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Descriptive statistics (+types)
T-test
random sampling
9. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
mental age
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Intelligence
Acquiescence
10. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Two-way ANOVA
generalizability
Population & related
Construct validity
11. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Split-half reliability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Correlational relationships
Chi-square test
12. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
random sampling
Mean IQ
Linear regression
Demand characteristic
13. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Variability
social desirability
Achievement tests
Draw-A-Person Test
14. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Population & related
Alpha levels
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
15. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Scientific approach
IQ Binet'S equation
random sampling
predictive value
16. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
Meta-analysis
Mean IQ
Demand characteristic
17. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Field study
frequency polygon
Mean IQ
Learn the shape of different distributions
18. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Construct validity
Acquiescence
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Lie detector tests
19. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
predictive value
interval variables
Field study
Discrete data
20. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Rosenthal effect
Scientific approach
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
T-score
21. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Correlational relationships
Aptitude tests
Curvilinear relationship
Alpha levels
22. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
cohort effect
Fluid intelligence
placebo
Learn the shape of different distributions
23. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Split-half reliability
Inferential statistics
Content validity
stratified sampling
24. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
cohort-sequential design
stratified sampling
nominal variables
predictive value
25. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
nominal variables
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
random sampling
26. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
mode
generalizability
ordinal variables
Item analysis (reliability)
27. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Scientific approach
Split-half reliability
Charles Spearmen
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
28. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Crystallized intelligence
Z-scores
Aptitude tests
Word Association Test
29. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
Discrete data
Validity (+types)
social desirability
30. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
random sampling
31. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Statistical regression
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Scientific approach
statistics
32. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
F-scale or F-ratio
standard deviation (calculation)
Hawthorne effect
33. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Criterion-referenced tests
Scientific approach
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
research design
34. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
nominal variables
35. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
interval variables
cross-sectional design
random sampling
dependent variable
36. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Null hypothesis
Nonequivalent control group
Lie detector tests
37. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
variance (calculation)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
cohort effect
Alpha levels
38. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
variance and standard deviation
Intelligence
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
39. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Draw-A-Person Test
Fluid intelligence
bar graph
Demand characteristic
40. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
bar graph
independent variable
Projective tests (+types)
Curvilinear relationship
41. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
Domain-referenced tests
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
research design
42. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
between subject
Factorial analysis of variance
Type I and II errors
Intelligence
43. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Q-sort/measure
research design
One-way ANOVA
Nonequivalent control group
44. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
cross-sectional design
statistically significant
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
45. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
percentiles
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Lewis Terman
Hawthorne effect
46. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Fluid intelligence
Validity (+types)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
F-scale or F-ratio
47. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
statistics
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
quasi-experimental design
Julian Rotter
48. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
variance (calculation)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Crystallized intelligence
Internal validity
49. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Continuous data
Criterion-referenced tests
Meta-analysis
Face validity
50. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
stratified sampling
variance and standard deviation
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Pearson r correlation coefficient