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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
double-blind experiment
between subject
Cross validation
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
2. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Curvilinear relationship
Robert Zajonc
Inferential statistics
3. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
within subject
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Item analysis (reliability)
Standard normal distributions
4. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Split-half reliability
Aptitude tests
ANOVA/analysis of variance
standard deviation (calculation)
5. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Two-way ANOVA
median
cross-sectional design
Robert Zajonc
6. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
T-test
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
percentiles
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
7. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Rosenthal effect
Factorial analysis of variance
generalizability
Alfred Binet
8. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Illusory correlation
Curvilinear relationship
Lie detector tests
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
9. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
Inferential statistics
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Vocational tests
10. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
variance and standard deviation
Internal validity
Walter Mischel
11. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Learn the shape of different distributions
Illusory correlation
research design
Draw-A-Person Test
12. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Concurrent validity
Achievement tests
Test-retest reliability
Two-way ANOVA
13. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Lie detector tests
Descriptive statistics (+types)
range
Content validity
14. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Learn the shape of different distributions
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Continuous data
statistics
15. Knowing a fact
Word Association Test
Crystallized intelligence
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
16. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
Alfred Binet
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Scientific approach
17. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Linear regression
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
generalizability
Z-scores
18. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
range
Inferential statistics
Learn the shape of different distributions
Rosenthal effect
19. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Validity (+types)
interval variables
Learn the shape of different distributions
20. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
predictive value
Lewis Terman
Content validity
cohort-sequential design
21. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Statistical regression
Julian Rotter
Type I and II errors
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
22. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Standard normal distributions
placebo effect
Criterion-referenced tests
23. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
placebo effect
Hawthorne effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Lie detector tests
24. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Split-half reliability
stratified sampling
within subject
quasi-experimental design
25. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Pearson r correlation coefficient
between subject
stratified sampling
Crystallized intelligence
26. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
cohort-sequential design
variance and standard deviation
random sampling
Scientific approach
27. Process in testing concurrent validity
Cross validation
generalizability
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Z-scores
28. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Test-retest reliability
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Correlational relationships
Concurrent validity
29. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Population & related
ANOVA/analysis of variance
cross-sectional design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
30. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Continuous data
independent variable
Selective attrition
F-scale or F-ratio
31. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
statistically significant
ratio variables
32. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Population & related
dependent variable
stratified sampling
33. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rosenthal effect
Face validity
Factorial analysis of variance
34. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
ratio variables
External validity (+types)
Charles Spearmen
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
35. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Cross validation
Selective attrition
Projective tests (+types)
Linear regression
36. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
variance and standard deviation
random sampling
Scientific approach
Q-sort/measure
37. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Rosenthal effect
Discrete data
Selective attrition
38. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
T-test
dependent variable
Lie detector tests
39. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Graphs (types)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Longitudinal design
confounding variable
40. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Item analysis (reliability)
Cross validation
placebo
research design
41. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Selective attrition
Alpha levels
statistics
Acquiescence
42. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Inferential statistics
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Population & related
43. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
T-score
bar graph
mental age
statistically significant
44. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Experimental design
Frequency distributions (+variables)
generalizability
45. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
double-blind experiment
46. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
interval variables
Achievement tests
cohort-sequential design
ordinal variables
47. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Factorial analysis of variance
Experimenter bias
Reactance
Reliability (+types)
48. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
One-way ANOVA
Fluid intelligence
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Robert Zajonc
49. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Content validity
Chi-square test
bar graph
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
50. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
IQ Binet'S equation
Validity (+types)
Internal validity
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study