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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
stratified sampling
mode
percentiles
placebo effect
2. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Cross validation
Lewis Terman
Meta-analysis
statistically significant
3. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Test-retest reliability
Null hypothesis
Correlational relationships
4. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Experimenter bias
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
5. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Graphs (types)
cohort-sequential design
double-blind experiment
cohort effect
6. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
T-score
bar graph
social desirability
7. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
random sampling
Two-way ANOVA
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Draw-A-Person Test
8. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
cross-sectional design
Standard normal distributions
9. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
social desirability
cohort-sequential design
Curvilinear relationship
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
10. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
quasi-experimental design
Experimenter bias
normal distribution(+characteristic)
11. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
standard error of mean
Objective tests (+types)
Aptitude tests
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
12. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Null hypothesis
Q-sort/measure
nominal variables
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
13. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Fluid intelligence
F-scale or F-ratio
Reactance
14. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
percentiles
Demand characteristic
Cross validation
Longitudinal design
15. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
External validity (+types)
Alpha levels
Word Association Test
double-blind experiment
16. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
statistically significant
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
17. Used most commonly on standardized test
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
percentiles
random sampling
18. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Two-way ANOVA
19. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
20. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Projective tests (+types)
mental age
T-score
Lewis Terman
21. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
research design
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
quasi-experimental design
22. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Domain-referenced tests
social desirability
dependent variable
T-score
23. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Internal validity
Vocational tests
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
confounding variable
24. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
quasi-experimental design
Crystallized intelligence
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Learn the shape of different distributions
25. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
One-way ANOVA
Longitudinal design
Vocational tests
range
26. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Factorial analysis of variance
between subject
Alpha levels
Walter Mischel
27. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Curvilinear relationship
placebo
Vocational tests
Walter Mischel
28. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
Correlational relationships
One-way ANOVA
Type I and II errors
29. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Intelligence
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
confounding variable
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
30. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Criterion-referenced tests
placebo
median
31. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Lewis Terman
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Fluid intelligence
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
32. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Aptitude tests
placebo effect
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
random sampling
33. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Cross validation
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Null hypothesis
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
34. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Rosenthal effect
random sampling
35. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Validity (+types)
Chi-square test
Word Association Test
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
36. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Linear regression
Crystallized intelligence
Draw-A-Person Test
Learn the shape of different distributions
37. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Longitudinal design
Robert Zajonc
External validity (+types)
38. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Fluid intelligence
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Illusory correlation
Experimental design
39. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
standard deviation (calculation)
random sampling
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Criterion-referenced tests
40. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Correlational relationships
41. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
median
42. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Split-half reliability
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
stratified sampling
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
43. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Chi-square test
F-scale or F-ratio
Spearman r correlation coefficient
range
44. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
double-blind experiment
Hawthorne effect
median
Projective tests (+types)
45. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
ratio variables
Intelligence
46. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
within subject
ordinal variables
Alfred Binet
Criterion-referenced tests
47. How the score are spread out overall
independent variable
Variability
Walter Mischel
mode
48. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
variance and standard deviation
Robert Zajonc
Charles Spearmen
49. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
random sampling
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
predictive value
50. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Continuous data
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Selective attrition
Cross validation