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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Walter Mischel
random sampling
double-blind experiment
Item analysis (reliability)
2. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Meta-analysis
Variability
dependent variable
3. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
range
Vocational tests
Linear regression
cohort-sequential design
4. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Experimenter bias
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
interval variables
Two-way ANOVA
5. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
cohort effect
variance (calculation)
Anne Anastasi
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
6. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Cross validation
Nonequivalent control group
Learn the shape of different distributions
Discrete data
7. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Concurrent validity
Reliability (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
8. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
placebo effect
Criterion-referenced tests
statistically significant
9. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Correlational relationships
between subject
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Item analysis (reliability)
10. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
ratio variables
Linear regression
Robert Zajonc
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
11. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Scientific approach
One-way ANOVA
Discrete data
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
12. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Longitudinal design
Inferential statistics
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
IQ Binet'S equation
13. Process in testing concurrent validity
Acquiescence
Cross validation
Learn the shape of different distributions
Type I and II errors
14. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Projective tests (+types)
ratio variables
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
15. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
within subject
statistics
Z-scores
Discrete data
16. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Type I and II errors
frequency polygon
Split-half reliability
17. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
cross-sectional design
statistically significant
Nonequivalent control group
ordinal variables
18. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Lewis Terman
Linear regression
T-test
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
19. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Reliability (+types)
Nonequivalent control group
range
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
20. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
ratio variables
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Achievement tests
Correlational relationships
21. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Rosenthal effect
Discrete data
Concurrent validity
22. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Longitudinal design
Projective tests (+types)
Cross validation
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
23. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
bar graph
Illusory correlation
statistics
Factorial analysis of variance
24. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Illusory correlation
Graphs (types)
histogram
T-test
25. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
range
generalizability
Lie detector tests
26. Knowing how to do something
Internal validity
Fluid intelligence
Julian Rotter
Anne Anastasi
27. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
histogram
Graphs (types)
T-test
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
28. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
social desirability
Content validity
Standard normal distributions
Correlational relationships
29. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
independent variable
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Rorschach Inkblot Test
30. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
percentiles
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Split-half reliability
31. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
cohort-sequential design
statistically significant
Chi-square test
32. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Objective tests (+types)
Aptitude tests
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Intelligence
33. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
cohort-sequential design
nominal variables
cohort effect
34. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Field study
Longitudinal design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
cohort-sequential design
35. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Population & related
variance (calculation)
Validity (+types)
36. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Vocational tests
Standard normal distributions
37. The most frequently occurring value
random sampling
cross-sectional design
mode
Split-half reliability
38. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Correlational relationships
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
T-test
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
39. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Learn the shape of different distributions
statistics
Q-sort/measure
normal distribution(+characteristic)
40. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Construct validity
T-score
Field study
Meta-analysis
41. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Type I and II errors
Domain-referenced tests
Charles Spearmen
ratio variables
42. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Standard normal distributions
Alfred Binet
External validity (+types)
43. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Type I and II errors
standard deviation (calculation)
Q-sort/measure
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
44. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Selective attrition
Meta-analysis
Correlational relationships
45. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
statistics
range
Null hypothesis
One-way ANOVA
46. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Demand characteristic
Q-sort/measure
IQ Binet'S equation
Content validity
47. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Demand characteristic
Intelligence
Z-scores
Concurrent validity
48. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Mean IQ
Criterion-referenced tests
quasi-experimental design
Illusory correlation
49. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Q-sort/measure
Nonequivalent control group
T-test
Internal validity
50. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
median
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Validity (+types)