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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
frequency polygon
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
independent variable
Graphs (types)
2. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Aptitude tests
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Item analysis (reliability)
bar graph
3. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
frequency polygon
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Experimenter bias
mental age
4. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Population & related
generalizability
5. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Continuous data
research design
within subject
placebo
6. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
placebo
Face validity
Hawthorne effect
Descriptive statistics (+types)
7. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
Experimenter bias
ordinal variables
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Longitudinal design
8. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Intelligence
Concurrent validity
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Correlational relationships
9. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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10. Personality test from Jung'S theory; 93 questions 2 answers each; 4-letter personality type - each letter 1 of 2 possible opposing characteristics: Introverted vs. Extraverted - Sensing vs. Intuition - Feeling vs. Thinking - and - Judgment vs. Percep
Scientific approach
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Nonequivalent control group
Factorial analysis of variance
11. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Standard normal distributions
Two-way ANOVA
Aptitude tests
Type I and II errors
12. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Two-way ANOVA
predictive value
13. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Item analysis (reliability)
Type I and II errors
Projective tests (+types)
Z-scores
14. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
statistically significant
bar graph
Experimental design
15. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Validity (+types)
Experimenter bias
Alpha levels
Aptitude tests
16. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Population & related
random sampling
quasi-experimental design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
17. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
Correlational relationships
Achievement tests
Learn the shape of different distributions
18. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
predictive value
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
19. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
standard deviation (calculation)
Two-way ANOVA
20. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Concurrent validity
Split-half reliability
mental age
variance and standard deviation
21. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
standard deviation (calculation)
T-test
statistically significant
External validity (+types)
22. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
research design
Standard normal distributions
Selective attrition
23. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Graphs (types)
histogram
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Criterion-referenced tests
24. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Projective tests (+types)
standard error of mean
Learn the shape of different distributions
25. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
histogram
Linear regression
Nonequivalent control group
26. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alfred Binet
Criterion-referenced tests
Curvilinear relationship
Field study
27. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
predictive value
Lewis Terman
Mean IQ
Spearman r correlation coefficient
28. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Alpha levels
Charles Spearmen
Reactance
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
29. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Factorial analysis of variance
Alpha levels
Z-scores
cross-sectional design
30. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Experimenter bias
Discrete data
Statistical regression
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
31. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
percentiles
Continuous data
Standard normal distributions
standard deviation (calculation)
32. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
statistically significant
Correlational relationships
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Discrete data
33. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Content validity
34. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
percentiles
Z-scores
T-score
ANOVA/analysis of variance
35. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
Spearman r correlation coefficient
between subject
generalizability
36. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Rosenthal effect
Lewis Terman
37. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
social desirability
Graphs (types)
bar graph
Split-half reliability
38. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Aptitude tests
research design
Walter Mischel
Intelligence
39. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Test-retest reliability
One-way ANOVA
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
T-test
40. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
predictive value
Inferential statistics
bar graph
Demand characteristic
41. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Projective tests (+types)
social desirability
42. For children 6-16
F-scale or F-ratio
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Achievement tests
histogram
43. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Selective attrition
Descriptive statistics (+types)
confounding variable
Continuous data
44. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
Hawthorne effect
Construct validity
percentiles
45. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Graphs (types)
Selective attrition
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
46. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
predictive value
percentiles
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
placebo effect
47. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
nominal variables
48. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Domain-referenced tests
Objective tests (+types)
cohort effect
49. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
confounding variable
mental age
Null hypothesis
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
50. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Type I and II errors
Objective tests (+types)
Intelligence
confounding variable