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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
dependent variable
Hawthorne effect
Objective tests (+types)
Meta-analysis
2. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
between subject
random sampling
independent variable
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
3. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
cohort effect
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Mean IQ
4. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
generalizability
Two-way ANOVA
Z-scores
Standard normal distributions
5. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Cross validation
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
6. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Walter Mischel
between subject
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
7. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Walter Mischel
Test-retest reliability
normal distribution(+characteristic)
nominal variables
8. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Correlational relationships
Content validity
stratified sampling
Projective tests (+types)
9. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
frequency polygon
Walter Mischel
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
standard error of mean
10. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Mean IQ
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Concurrent validity
11. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
median
F-scale or F-ratio
Concurrent validity
Population & related
12. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
F-scale or F-ratio
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
standard deviation (calculation)
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
13. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
Julian Rotter
Aptitude tests
percentiles
14. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
social desirability
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Frequency distributions (+variables)
cohort-sequential design
15. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Chi-square test
Curvilinear relationship
Linear regression
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
16. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Aptitude tests
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Cross validation
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
17. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Statistical regression
Curvilinear relationship
variance (calculation)
Content validity
18. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Internal validity
mode
Demand characteristic
ANOVA/analysis of variance
19. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Construct validity
Vocational tests
20. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Null hypothesis
Chi-square test
Reliability (+types)
21. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
independent variable
One-way ANOVA
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Frequency distributions (+variables)
22. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Validity (+types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Anne Anastasi
23. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Test-retest reliability
Z-scores
Illusory correlation
External validity (+types)
24. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Fluid intelligence
research design
Learn the shape of different distributions
Item analysis (reliability)
25. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Null hypothesis
Criterion-referenced tests
Illusory correlation
26. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
dependent variable
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
placebo effect
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
27. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
placebo effect
normal distribution(+characteristic)
bar graph
Hawthorne effect
28. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Experimental design
External validity (+types)
Z-scores
Draw-A-Person Test
29. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Factorial analysis of variance
standard deviation (calculation)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
T-test
30. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
predictive value
mode
Anne Anastasi
Robert Zajonc
31. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Learn the shape of different distributions
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Item analysis (reliability)
32. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Linear regression
Internal validity
Item analysis (reliability)
Experimenter bias
33. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Criterion-referenced tests
Item analysis (reliability)
Demand characteristic
Q-sort/measure
34. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
Word Association Test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Scientific approach
35. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Q-sort/measure
Nonequivalent control group
Field study
36. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Aptitude tests
standard deviation (calculation)
Lie detector tests
Continuous data
37. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Hawthorne effect
cohort-sequential design
Selective attrition
cohort effect
38. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Demand characteristic
Word Association Test
ratio variables
39. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
dependent variable
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
ordinal variables
Two-way ANOVA
40. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Correlational relationships
Population & related
41. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
independent variable
variance and standard deviation
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
histogram
42. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Criterion-referenced tests
Spearman r correlation coefficient
43. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Null hypothesis
Construct validity
IQ Binet'S equation
Frequency distributions (+variables)
44. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
generalizability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Face validity
Draw-A-Person Test
45. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Null hypothesis
Face validity
cohort effect
Concurrent validity
46. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
ANOVA/analysis of variance
range
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
47. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
statistics
Domain-referenced tests
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
48. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Achievement tests
Statistical regression
variance and standard deviation
49. Used most commonly on standardized test
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Descriptive statistics (+types)
percentiles
Field study
50. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Chi-square test
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Aptitude tests