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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Experimental design
placebo effect
2. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Charles Spearmen
mode
cohort-sequential design
Continuous data
3. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Experimenter bias
variance (calculation)
statistics
4. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Nonequivalent control group
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
IQ Binet'S equation
5. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Concurrent validity
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Hawthorne effect
cohort effect
6. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Type I and II errors
Internal validity
interval variables
Graphs (types)
7. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Illusory correlation
Selective attrition
histogram
independent variable
8. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Anne Anastasi
independent variable
quasi-experimental design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
9. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Intelligence
frequency polygon
Internal validity
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
10. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Face validity
variance and standard deviation
research design
11. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
dependent variable
nominal variables
quasi-experimental design
Z-scores
12. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Split-half reliability
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Selective attrition
Statistical regression
13. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Julian Rotter
Discrete data
Domain-referenced tests
histogram
14. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Rosenthal effect
Reactance
Descriptive statistics (+types)
mental age
15. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Word Association Test
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
social desirability
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
16. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Anne Anastasi
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
17. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Fluid intelligence
range
Null hypothesis
Factorial analysis of variance
18. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
bar graph
Reactance
Spearman r correlation coefficient
19. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Achievement tests
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Scientific approach
ordinal variables
20. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
External validity (+types)
Cross validation
Achievement tests
cross-sectional design
21. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
cohort-sequential design
One-way ANOVA
Correlational relationships
Split-half reliability
22. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
variance (calculation)
standard error of mean
Item analysis (reliability)
range
23. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Achievement tests
Crystallized intelligence
24. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Statistical regression
Draw-A-Person Test
Alfred Binet
research design
25. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
variance (calculation)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
research design
between subject
26. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Achievement tests
Lewis Terman
bar graph
Crystallized intelligence
27. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Demand characteristic
F-scale or F-ratio
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
28. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
cohort-sequential design
Inferential statistics
placebo
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
29. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Continuous data
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
30. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Inferential statistics
Learn the shape of different distributions
Rosenthal effect
31. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Standard normal distributions
Field study
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Longitudinal design
32. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Meta-analysis
Charles Spearmen
33. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Demand characteristic
Descriptive statistics (+types)
variance and standard deviation
Charles Spearmen
34. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
cross-sectional design
Objective tests (+types)
Discrete data
percentiles
35. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
placebo effect
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Graphs (types)
Criterion-referenced tests
36. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Charles Spearmen
frequency polygon
Intelligence
Discrete data
37. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Validity (+types)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
38. How the score are spread out overall
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Test-retest reliability
Variability
Learn the shape of different distributions
39. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Type I and II errors
Experimental design
Reliability (+types)
Vocational tests
40. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Type I and II errors
median
Reactance
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
41. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
confounding variable
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Mean IQ
42. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
bar graph
Validity (+types)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
43. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Charles Spearmen
median
ratio variables
Concurrent validity
44. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
Alfred Binet
F-scale or F-ratio
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
45. Used most commonly on standardized test
percentiles
Chi-square test
Alfred Binet
Lewis Terman
46. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Lie detector tests
Hawthorne effect
Reliability (+types)
percentiles
47. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Chi-square test
standard deviation (calculation)
Mean IQ
48. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Julian Rotter
IQ Binet'S equation
social desirability
ratio variables
49. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Type I and II errors
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
median
Achievement tests
50. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Lewis Terman
Robert Zajonc
F-scale or F-ratio
One-way ANOVA