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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
social desirability
cohort effect
Two-way ANOVA
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
2. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
mode
ratio variables
Z-scores
Null hypothesis
3. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Vocational tests
Spearman r correlation coefficient
cohort-sequential design
4. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Longitudinal design
Correlational relationships
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Factorial analysis of variance
5. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
T-test
double-blind experiment
statistically significant
random sampling
6. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Vocational tests
Nonequivalent control group
mental age
Longitudinal design
7. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
mental age
social desirability
Graphs (types)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
8. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
standard error of mean
Split-half reliability
Acquiescence
Descriptive statistics (+types)
9. Knowing a fact
dependent variable
Selective attrition
Crystallized intelligence
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
10. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
histogram
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Lie detector tests
11. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Vocational tests
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
T-score
Linear regression
12. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Draw-A-Person Test
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Mean IQ
13. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
cohort-sequential design
Lie detector tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
14. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
nominal variables
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Longitudinal design
15. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
random sampling
Variability
normal distribution(+characteristic)
statistics
16. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
cohort effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
17. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
Intelligence
Correlational relationships
standard error of mean
dependent variable
18. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Construct validity
Inferential statistics
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
19. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
stratified sampling
standard error of mean
20. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
variance and standard deviation
ordinal variables
Factorial analysis of variance
Experimental design
21. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
interval variables
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
ratio variables
ordinal variables
22. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Criterion-referenced tests
Rosenthal effect
standard deviation (calculation)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
23. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
range
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Domain-referenced tests
standard deviation (calculation)
24. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Fluid intelligence
Domain-referenced tests
25. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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26. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Test-retest reliability
nominal variables
Robert Zajonc
27. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
ordinal variables
stratified sampling
Item analysis (reliability)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
28. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Domain-referenced tests
cross-sectional design
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Vocational tests
29. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Lie detector tests
bar graph
Rosenthal effect
histogram
30. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Descriptive statistics (+types)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Robert Zajonc
stratified sampling
31. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
F-scale or F-ratio
random sampling
cohort-sequential design
Experimenter bias
32. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
standard deviation (calculation)
Variability
External validity (+types)
percentiles
33. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Lie detector tests
bar graph
Internal validity
34. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Linear regression
Lie detector tests
Reliability (+types)
F-scale or F-ratio
35. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Alpha levels
histogram
Experimental design
Lewis Terman
36. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Validity (+types)
Experimental design
cross-sectional design
ordinal variables
37. How the score are spread out overall
Achievement tests
Variability
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Anne Anastasi
38. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
Discrete data
dependent variable
Experimental design
39. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Experimental design
Hawthorne effect
Linear regression
40. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
between subject
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Curvilinear relationship
Experimenter bias
41. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Scientific approach
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Learn the shape of different distributions
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
42. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
research design
Alpha levels
Walter Mischel
43. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Walter Mischel
independent variable
mental age
between subject
44. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Achievement tests
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
Alfred Binet
Julian Rotter
45. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Chi-square test
Experimenter bias
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Scientific approach
46. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
External validity (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Lewis Terman
47. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Alpha levels
Hawthorne effect
Anne Anastasi
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
48. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Acquiescence
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
research design
statistics
49. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Statistical regression
Chi-square test
Inferential statistics
histogram
50. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Type I and II errors
Alfred Binet
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Discrete data