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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
dependent variable
Face validity
Criterion-referenced tests
Walter Mischel
2. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
cohort effect
statistically significant
3. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Descriptive statistics (+types)
statistics
interval variables
4. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Z-scores
Null hypothesis
within subject
Internal validity
5. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Meta-analysis
Null hypothesis
Linear regression
6. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Linear regression
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Type I and II errors
Z-scores
7. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
cohort effect
statistics
dependent variable
Achievement tests
8. Process in testing concurrent validity
Cross validation
quasi-experimental design
Reactance
Reliability (+types)
9. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Discrete data
Draw-A-Person Test
variance and standard deviation
percentiles
10. How the score are spread out overall
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Julian Rotter
Variability
Alfred Binet
11. Knowing how to do something
Robert Zajonc
Fluid intelligence
Validity (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
12. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Correlational relationships
Julian Rotter
Criterion-referenced tests
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
13. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Alpha levels
median
Demand characteristic
Correlational relationships
14. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
histogram
random sampling
Anne Anastasi
Longitudinal design
15. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Type I and II errors
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
dependent variable
16. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
Draw-A-Person Test
predictive value
Internal validity
cross-sectional design
17. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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18. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
within subject
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Experimental design
19. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
research design
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Draw-A-Person Test
Aptitude tests
20. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
within subject
Lie detector tests
T-score
standard deviation (calculation)
21. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Cross validation
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
statistically significant
Learn the shape of different distributions
22. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
Validity (+types)
mode
ratio variables
Achievement tests
23. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
dependent variable
Population & related
Test-retest reliability
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
24. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Anne Anastasi
Face validity
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
25. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Standard normal distributions
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
standard error of mean
One-way ANOVA
26. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
social desirability
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
stratified sampling
independent variable
27. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Alfred Binet
Selective attrition
dependent variable
Vocational tests
28. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
within subject
Crystallized intelligence
Field study
variance (calculation)
29. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Draw-A-Person Test
Alpha levels
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
30. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
External validity (+types)
nominal variables
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
31. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Hawthorne effect
Concurrent validity
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Selective attrition
32. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Chi-square test
Experimenter bias
Curvilinear relationship
placebo
33. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
random sampling
Face validity
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Test-retest reliability
34. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
between subject
35. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
quasi-experimental design
Z-scores
median
nominal variables
36. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Curvilinear relationship
cross-sectional design
37. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Face validity
Content validity
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
38. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
range
Reactance
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
39. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
mental age
Reliability (+types)
Correlational relationships
Demand characteristic
40. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
nominal variables
Criterion-referenced tests
Acquiescence
Achievement tests
41. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Face validity
social desirability
Graphs (types)
Curvilinear relationship
42. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Selective attrition
Longitudinal design
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Frequency distributions (+variables)
43. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Q-sort/measure
Construct validity
social desirability
Robert Zajonc
44. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
cohort effect
range
Test-retest reliability
between subject
45. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Nonequivalent control group
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Mean IQ
Longitudinal design
46. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
Intelligence
Objective tests (+types)
frequency polygon
47. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
cohort-sequential design
Experimenter bias
statistically significant
48. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms
Discrete data
placebo effect
double-blind experiment
predictive value
49. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Reactance
Domain-referenced tests
Variability
Population & related
50. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
Intelligence
Selective attrition
mental age
normal distribution(+characteristic)