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GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type






2. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier






3. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)






4. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability






5. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning






6. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point






7. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed






8. Process in testing concurrent validity






9. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test






10. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)






11. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer






12. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind






13. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale






14. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it






15. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions






16. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once






17. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent






18. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable






19. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them






20. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not






21. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist






22. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship






23. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data






24. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group






25. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not






26. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment






27. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set






28. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age






29. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'






30. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach






31. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable






32. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement






33. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology






34. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group






35. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space






36. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable






37. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind






38. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting






39. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)






40. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale






41. Data that has been counted rather than measured - usually limited to whole or positive values - ex: group size - number of hospital visit - number of symptoms






42. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person






43. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association






44. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable






45. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance






46. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution






47. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale






48. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status






49. Whether test items look like they measure the construct






50. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)







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