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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
generalizability
Reactance
range
Rorschach Inkblot Test
2. Fluid intelligence declines with old age while crystallized intelligence does not
Hawthorne effect
Longitudinal design
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Experimental design
3. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Draw-A-Person Test
Construct validity
Rosenthal effect
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
4. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Crystallized intelligence
Factorial analysis of variance
predictive value
5. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Face validity
ordinal variables
double-blind experiment
One-way ANOVA
6. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
generalizability
Longitudinal design
Demand characteristic
within subject
7. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Reliability (+types)
within subject
Criterion-referenced tests
Meta-analysis
8. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
variance (calculation)
frequency polygon
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
9. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Objective tests (+types)
Hawthorne effect
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
10. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
Standard normal distributions
cross-sectional design
standard error of mean
Internal validity
11. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Nonequivalent control group
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Q-sort/measure
Face validity
12. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Continuous data
Pearson r correlation coefficient
statistics
13. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
cross-sectional design
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Selective attrition
standard error of mean
14. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Split-half reliability
Charles Spearmen
independent variable
Frequency distributions (+variables)
15. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
social desirability
Julian Rotter
median
16. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Scientific approach
Vocational tests
Graphs (types)
Robert Zajonc
17. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
confounding variable
Lewis Terman
ordinal variables
Population & related
18. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
predictive value
Draw-A-Person Test
Population & related
Variability
19. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
social desirability
Hawthorne effect
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
20. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Test-retest reliability
social desirability
Field study
Face validity
21. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Statistical regression
statistically significant
cohort-sequential design
Crystallized intelligence
22. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Discrete data
Field study
variance and standard deviation
cohort-sequential design
23. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
confounding variable
Correlational relationships
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Nonequivalent control group
24. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Two-way ANOVA
Type I and II errors
Fluid intelligence
normal distribution(+characteristic)
25. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
T-score
Linear regression
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Null hypothesis
26. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Face validity
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Reliability (+types)
double-blind experiment
27. Knowing how to do something
Fluid intelligence
dependent variable
Alpha levels
Two-way ANOVA
28. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Charles Spearmen
Graphs (types)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Projective tests (+types)
29. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
independent variable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Alfred Binet
statistics
30. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Two-way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA
External validity (+types)
nominal variables
31. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
statistics
Q-sort/measure
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
32. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
frequency polygon
Experimenter bias
Anne Anastasi
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
33. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
dependent variable
cohort effect
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Test-retest reliability
34. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Selective attrition
Graphs (types)
Split-half reliability
Two-way ANOVA
35. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
F-scale or F-ratio
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
cross-sectional design
36. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
variance and standard deviation
percentiles
independent variable
Reliability (+types)
37. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Graphs (types)
Split-half reliability
Scientific approach
mode
38. Process in testing concurrent validity
Test-retest reliability
Alfred Binet
Cross validation
Reliability (+types)
39. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
predictive value
Selective attrition
quasi-experimental design
Rorschach Inkblot Test
40. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
median
One-way ANOVA
Julian Rotter
confounding variable
41. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Test-retest reliability
histogram
Content validity
42. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Statistical regression
double-blind experiment
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Julian Rotter
43. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Vocational tests
stratified sampling
Hawthorne effect
44. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
Chi-square test
Longitudinal design
cohort-sequential design
Pearson r correlation coefficient
45. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Standard normal distributions
interval variables
quasi-experimental design
random sampling
46. Tests the same person at multiple time points and looks at changes within that person
Aptitude tests
Content validity
within subject
standard deviation (calculation)
47. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
Achievement tests
Reliability (+types)
Linear regression
48. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Chi-square test
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Null hypothesis
Field study
49. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
IQ Binet'S equation
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
variance (calculation)
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
50. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Mean IQ
placebo effect
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
stratified sampling