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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
dependent variable
ANOVA/analysis of variance
placebo
double-blind experiment
2. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Reactance
double-blind experiment
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Illusory correlation
3. How the score are spread out overall
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Variability
One-way ANOVA
Crystallized intelligence
4. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
confounding variable
Cross validation
External validity (+types)
Graphs (types)
5. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Objective tests (+types)
placebo effect
stratified sampling
confounding variable
6. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Experimental design
Standard normal distributions
Reactance
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
7. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Criterion-referenced tests
Variability
Statistical regression
8. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
placebo
T-score
Walter Mischel
Pearson r correlation coefficient
9. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
T-test
Field study
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
10. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
confounding variable
predictive value
Graphs (types)
Acquiescence
11. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
placebo
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Aptitude tests
12. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
standard error of mean
Q-sort/measure
median
independent variable
13. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
confounding variable
interval variables
Julian Rotter
normal distribution(+characteristic)
14. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Acquiescence
research design
Selective attrition
15. Calculates how off the mean might be in either direction
standard error of mean
Reactance
normal distribution(+characteristic)
placebo effect
16. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Anne Anastasi
Type I and II errors
ANOVA/analysis of variance
frequency polygon
17. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Domain-referenced tests
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Lewis Terman
18. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Correlational relationships
Longitudinal design
Draw-A-Person Test
Null hypothesis
19. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Anne Anastasi
Draw-A-Person Test
median
20. Knowing how to do something
range
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Fluid intelligence
21. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Anne Anastasi
Objective tests (+types)
quasi-experimental design
independent variable
22. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
between subject
Crystallized intelligence
Demand characteristic
23. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Face validity
F-scale or F-ratio
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
24. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Anne Anastasi
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Split-half reliability
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
25. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
variance and standard deviation
Inferential statistics
Julian Rotter
26. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Cross validation
Experimenter bias
random sampling
27. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Field study
Hawthorne effect
Anne Anastasi
Experimental design
28. For children 4-6
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
nominal variables
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
T-test
29. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
standard error of mean
Split-half reliability
Julian Rotter
Pearson r correlation coefficient
30. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
Inferential statistics
Word Association Test
Internal validity
Rosenthal effect
31. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
independent variable
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Rorschach Inkblot Test
confounding variable
32. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Variability
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Cross validation
33. Used most commonly on standardized test
Reactance
ordinal variables
percentiles
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
34. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
statistics
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Rosenthal effect
Construct validity
35. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Word Association Test
interval variables
Hawthorne effect
36. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
Robert Zajonc
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Content validity
37. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Experimenter bias
cohort-sequential design
generalizability
nominal variables
38. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Inferential statistics
Lewis Terman
mental age
cross-sectional design
39. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Intelligence
stratified sampling
Scientific approach
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
40. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
nominal variables
Meta-analysis
Null hypothesis
Illusory correlation
41. Whether test really taps abstract concept being measured
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Construct validity
interval variables
Lie detector tests
42. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
Linear regression
Type I and II errors
Alfred Binet
43. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
median
Linear regression
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Achievement tests
44. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Lewis Terman
social desirability
confounding variable
Test-retest reliability
45. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
interval variables
Alfred Binet
46. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Curvilinear relationship
External validity (+types)
between subject
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
47. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Objective tests (+types)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Graphs (types)
Correlational relationships
48. Comparing an individual'S performance on 2 halves of the same test to reveal internal consistency; internal consistency can be increased by item analysis
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Experimenter bias
Split-half reliability
49. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Spearman r correlation coefficient
External validity (+types)
Factorial analysis of variance
Rorschach Inkblot Test
50. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Vocational tests
T-score
double-blind experiment
Aptitude tests