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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Analyses how a large group responded to each item on the measure; weeds out problematic questions with low discriminatory value; increases internal consistency
Item analysis (reliability)
statistics
Illusory correlation
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
2. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Intelligence
Variability
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
Concurrent validity
3. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
double-blind experiment
4. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
One-way ANOVA
Anne Anastasi
Alfred Binet
5. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
between subject
normal distribution(+characteristic)
interval variables
T-test
6. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Charles Spearmen
Statistical regression
confounding variable
Construct validity
7. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Z-scores
Domain-referenced tests
T-score
Type I and II errors
8. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Two-way ANOVA
Fluid intelligence
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
9. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
frequency polygon
cohort-sequential design
between subject
Factorial analysis of variance
10. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
Demand characteristic
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Content validity
11. Revised Binet scale to Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale; also studied gifted children - those with higher IQs better adjusted
Null hypothesis
placebo effect
Population & related
Lewis Terman
12. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
dependent variable
Q-sort/measure
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Domain-referenced tests
13. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
quasi-experimental design
Statistical regression
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Type I and II errors
14. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Anne Anastasi
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Alpha levels
15. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Alpha levels
IQ Binet'S equation
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
cross-sectional design
16. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Longitudinal design
frequency polygon
Rosenthal effect
Reactance
17. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
Illusory correlation
range
Validity (+types)
Robert Zajonc
18. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
External validity (+types)
Nonequivalent control group
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
histogram
19. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Continuous data
cross-sectional design
Item analysis (reliability)
Z-scores
20. For ranks; determining the line that describes a linear relationship
placebo effect
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
21. When people agree with opposing statements; giving tacit agreement
Acquiescence
Internal validity
Anne Anastasi
Test-retest reliability
22. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Standard normal distributions
23. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Q-sort/measure
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
24. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Field study
Selective attrition
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Reliability (+types)
25. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Meta-analysis
placebo
Chi-square test
T-score
26. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
Anne Anastasi
Content validity
Rosenthal effect
Scientific approach
27. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
cross-sectional design
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
interval variables
Continuous data
28. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
Draw-A-Person Test
Illusory correlation
Acquiescence
29. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
F-scale or F-ratio
Anne Anastasi
30. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
placebo effect
interval variables
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Vocational tests
31. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
standard error of mean
Factorial analysis of variance
ordinal variables
Two-way ANOVA
32. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Anne Anastasi
Rosenthal effect
F-scale or F-ratio
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
33. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Projective tests (+types)
research design
Achievement tests
Face validity
34. Knowing how to do something
Experimenter bias
Fluid intelligence
range
normal distribution(+characteristic)
35. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
standard error of mean
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
nominal variables
placebo effect
36. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Content validity
Mean IQ
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
37. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Construct validity
ANOVA/analysis of variance
placebo effect
Descriptive statistics (+types)
38. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Longitudinal design
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
variance (calculation)
bar graph
39. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
independent variable
Charles Spearmen
Field study
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
40. The most frequently occurring value
Experimental design
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
social desirability
mode
41. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Continuous data
Word Association Test
Crystallized intelligence
42. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
dependent variable
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
median
percentiles
43. Process in testing concurrent validity
Descriptive statistics (+types)
independent variable
Cross validation
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
44. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Julian Rotter
Factorial analysis of variance
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Rosenthal effect
45. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Longitudinal design
independent variable
Word Association Test
Mean IQ
46. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Illusory correlation
Concurrent validity
External validity (+types)
47. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Reactance
Selective attrition
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
48. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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49. Compares 2 groups of people like an experiment - but this is used when it is not feasible or ethical to use random assignment ex: smoker vs. cancer
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Selective attrition
normal distribution(+characteristic)
quasi-experimental design
50. How well a test measures a construct; multitrait-multimethod technique determines validity; internal - external: concurrent - construct - content - face
mental age
Fluid intelligence
dependent variable
Validity (+types)