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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Criterion-referenced tests
Q-sort/measure
Julian Rotter
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
2. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
statistics
dependent variable
Alpha levels
Rosenthal effect
3. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
ratio variables
variance and standard deviation
predictive value
Charles Spearmen
4. The most frequently occurring value
mode
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
double-blind experiment
placebo
5. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
stratified sampling
generalizability
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Content validity
6. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Draw-A-Person Test
between subject
Z-scores
Crystallized intelligence
7. For children 6-16
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Graphs (types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Curvilinear relationship
8. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
Lewis Terman
Scientific approach
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
9. For children 4-6
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Longitudinal design
Criterion-referenced tests
Illusory correlation
10. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
T-score
Alfred Binet
cohort-sequential design
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
11. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Meta-analysis
Linear regression
Chi-square test
Acquiescence
12. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Z-scores
Anne Anastasi
variance (calculation)
Two-way ANOVA
13. Whether content covers a good sample of construct being measured
predictive value
Content validity
Selective attrition
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
14. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
ratio variables
Intelligence
Inferential statistics
percentiles
15. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
Construct validity
Field study
Q-sort/measure
Illusory correlation
16. Created to determine whether a person feels responsible for things that happen (internal) or no control over events in life (external)
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Linear regression
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
17. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Intelligence
Curvilinear relationship
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
T-score
18. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Draw-A-Person Test
random sampling
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
19. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
frequency polygon
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Achievement tests
Z-scores
20. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
cross-sectional design
histogram
Pearson r correlation coefficient
21. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Scientific approach
T-test
Correlational relationships
statistics
22. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
Field study
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
histogram
Criterion-referenced tests
23. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Selective attrition
Fluid intelligence
percentiles
24. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Intelligence
Criterion-referenced tests
Population & related
25. Used when an experiment involves more than one independent variable - can separate the effects of different levels of different variables - can isolate main effects - can identify interaction effects - ex: studying effect of brain lesion on problem s
Test-retest reliability
Q-sort/measure
Factorial analysis of variance
IQ Binet'S equation
26. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Criterion-referenced tests
Longitudinal design
Anne Anastasi
predictive value
27. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Inferential statistics
cohort effect
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Q-sort/measure
28. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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29. The degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable
between subject
ordinal variables
T-score
predictive value
30. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lie detector tests
Word Association Test
Reactance
Graphs (types)
31. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Curvilinear relationship
Internal validity
between subject
Vocational tests
32. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Rorschach Inkblot Test
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Inferential statistics
Reliability (+types)
33. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
variance and standard deviation
Mean IQ
Selective attrition
Internal validity
34. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
Experimental design
Selective attrition
Spearman r correlation coefficient
variance and standard deviation
35. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Robert Zajonc
placebo effect
normal distribution(+characteristic)
Spearman r correlation coefficient
36. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
research design
Factorial analysis of variance
Lewis Terman
Validity (+types)
37. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Field study
independent variable
38. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
median
Longitudinal design
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Factorial analysis of variance
39. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Item analysis (reliability)
Acquiescence
Null hypothesis
Chi-square test
40. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Test-retest reliability
bar graph
Demand characteristic
Inferential statistics
41. Birth order vs. intelligence; the older - the more intelligent; the more children - the less intelligent; the greater spacing - the more intelligent
placebo effect
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Robert Zajonc
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
42. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Walter Mischel
variance (calculation)
quasi-experimental design
statistically significant
43. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Population & related
Experimenter bias
Anne Anastasi
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
44. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
cohort effect
frequency polygon
Type I and II errors
Internal validity
45. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Rosenthal effect
Correlational relationships
Criterion-referenced tests
T-score
46. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Null hypothesis
Experimenter bias
variance and standard deviation
External validity (+types)
47. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
Internal validity
ANOVA/analysis of variance
F-scale or F-ratio
Inferential statistics
48. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Type I and II errors
Alfred Binet
Demand characteristic
Learn the shape of different distributions
49. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
stratified sampling
Draw-A-Person Test
Hawthorne effect
Crystallized intelligence
50. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Reactance
median
Objective tests (+types)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
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