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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Z-scores
Objective tests (+types)
Factorial analysis of variance
variance and standard deviation
2. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
dependent variable
Field study
3. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Word Association Test
Continuous data
Construct validity
Inferential statistics
4. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
Experimental design
social desirability
Demand characteristic
stratified sampling
5. Use correlation coefficients in order to predict one variable y from another variable x - let you define a line on graph that describes the relationship between x and y - when the least-square line or regression line is fit to the data - basically: u
Linear regression
cohort effect
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
range
6. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
F-scale or F-ratio
Julian Rotter
Draw-A-Person Test
Content validity
7. Measure arousal of sympathetic nervous system - stimulated by lying and anxiety
Lie detector tests
Robert Zajonc
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
8. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Scientific approach
Face validity
Test-retest reliability
Mean IQ
9. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Inferential statistics
Concurrent validity
Walter Mischel
10. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
research design
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
standard deviation (calculation)
Lewis Terman
11. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
standard error of mean
interval variables
Validity (+types)
12. Measure mastery in a particular area (e.g. final exam)
Draw-A-Person Test
Item analysis (reliability)
Criterion-referenced tests
Mean IQ
13. Experimenter bias; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
variance (calculation)
Rosenthal effect
Inferential statistics
cohort-sequential design
14. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
Experimental design
placebo effect
Criterion-referenced tests
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
15. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Standard normal distributions
Concurrent validity
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
cohort-sequential design
16. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Reliability (+types)
Anne Anastasi
cohort-sequential design
histogram
17. Draw a person of each sex and tell a story about them
Achievement tests
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Longitudinal design
Draw-A-Person Test
18. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Variability
double-blind experiment
F-scale or F-ratio
Type I and II errors
19. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Type I and II errors
Curvilinear relationship
Anne Anastasi
cross-sectional design
20. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
independent variable
bar graph
One-way ANOVA
Selective attrition
21. Mean is 0 - and SD=1 - This with Z-score allow you to compare one person'S score on two different distributions
Face validity
Standard normal distributions
cohort effect
bar graph
22. Most commonly used for adults 16+ - organized by subtests with subscales and identify problem areas; current is WAIS-IV
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Cross validation
Nonequivalent control group
23. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
median
Longitudinal design
Spearman r correlation coefficient
24. Number of SD a score is from the mean - For normal distribution - (-3 to +3)
Type I and II errors
Word Association Test
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Z-scores
25. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
External validity (+types)
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Split-half reliability
26. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Vocational tests
within subject
27. If it is significant - same finding can be generalized to the population - use test of significant to reject null hypothesis
Population & related
Learn the shape of different distributions
Alfred Binet
statistically significant
28. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
IQ Binet'S equation
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Continuous data
29. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Lie detector tests
cohort-sequential design
Z-scores
Nonequivalent control group
30. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Alfred Binet
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Achievement tests
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
31. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Alfred Binet
Split-half reliability
between subject
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
32. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Nonequivalent control group
cross-sectional design
Demand characteristic
generalizability
33. Tell you the average extent to which scores were different from the mean - if average standard deviation is large - then scores were highly dispersed
Pearson r correlation coefficient
standard deviation (calculation)
Reactance
Population & related
34. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Robert Zajonc
Intelligence
Objective tests (+types)
Statistical regression
35. Normal curve - negatively skewed distribution - positively sknewed distribution - bimodal distribution - platykuric distribution
Alfred Binet
Discrete data
median
Learn the shape of different distributions
36. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Chi-square test
Statistical regression
Discrete data
Alpha levels
37. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
generalizability
Meta-analysis
Curvilinear relationship
Internal validity
38. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Correlational relationships
Illusory correlation
Projective tests (+types)
39. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
Demand characteristic
Internal validity
Chi-square test
cohort effect
40. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
research design
Q-sort/measure
Validity (+types)
41. For children 4-6
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Selective attrition
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
within subject
42. Subjects alter behaviour because they are being observed
Hawthorne effect
Face validity
Concurrent validity
cohort effect
43. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
IQ Binet'S equation
mental age
frequency polygon
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
44. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
Demand characteristic
Learn the shape of different distributions
T-score
ANOVA/analysis of variance
45. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
percentiles
Construct validity
Word Association Test
dependent variable
46. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Domain-referenced tests
External validity (+types)
Nonequivalent control group
Test-retest reliability
47. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
ratio variables
Nonequivalent control group
Type I and II errors
standard error of mean
48. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
Intelligence
interval variables
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Discrete data
49. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Continuous data
percentiles
research design
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
50. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Alpha levels
Correlational relationships
bar graph
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory