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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Q-sort/measure
Inferential statistics
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
range
2. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Inferential statistics
random sampling
Continuous data
IQ Binet'S equation
3. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
nominal variables
Objective tests (+types)
Criterion-referenced tests
research design
4. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Learn the shape of different distributions
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Type I and II errors
dependent variable
5. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Anne Anastasi
double-blind experiment
random sampling
Item analysis (reliability)
6. Process in testing concurrent validity
External validity (+types)
Lie detector tests
Internal validity
Cross validation
7. Tests the effects of two independent variables or treatment conditions at once
Factorial analysis of variance
Two-way ANOVA
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
8. When relationship inferred when there is none - ex: many people think there is a relationship between physical and personality characteristics - when evidence show there is none
One-way ANOVA
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
Illusory correlation
Scientific approach
9. How stable measure is; test-retest - split-half
Z-scores
range
ratio variables
Reliability (+types)
10. How a researcher attempts to examine a hypothesis - different questions call for different approaches - some approaches are more scientific than others
Word Association Test
research design
Spearman r correlation coefficient
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
11. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Walter Mischel
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Selective attrition
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
12. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
confounding variable
Content validity
cohort-sequential design
variance (calculation)
13. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
Scientific approach
histogram
Linear regression
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
14. The age level of a person'S functioning according to the IQ test
Inferential statistics
mental age
Reliability (+types)
bar graph
15. Step beyond correlations; allows not only identification of relationship between 2 variables - also make predictions
Field study
dependent variable
Face validity
Statistical regression
16. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Charles Spearmen
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
independent variable
Split-half reliability
17. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Walter Mischel
Standard normal distributions
18. Used most commonly on standardized test
between subject
percentiles
Discrete data
Factorial analysis of variance
19. How the score are spread out overall
bar graph
Standard normal distributions
Variability
Robert Zajonc
20. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
F-scale or F-ratio
independent variable
double-blind experiment
cohort effect
21. Knowing a fact
Crystallized intelligence
Content validity
confounding variable
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
22. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
quasi-experimental design
Null hypothesis
T-score
Linear regression
23. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
mental age
Reliability (+types)
variance (calculation)
interval variables
24. When subjects act in ways they think experimenter wants or expects
T-score
Experimenter bias
Demand characteristic
Longitudinal design
25. Revised Binet'S version - used with children - organized by age level - Best known predictor of future academic achievement
standard deviation (calculation)
Linear regression
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
mode
26. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Variability
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
histogram
placebo
27. Naturalistic setting - less control over environment than in lab; generates more hypotheses than able to prove
interval variables
Item analysis (reliability)
Field study
independent variable
28. Not simple and linear - looks like a curved line - ex: arousal and perfomance - high A --> low P - Low A --> low P - medium A --> high P
Julian Rotter
Field study
Curvilinear relationship
Hawthorne effect
29. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Meta-analysis
Construct validity
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
30. Consist of vertical bars in which the sides of the vertical bars touch - useful for discrete variables that have clear boundaries - interval variables in which there is some order
External validity (+types)
Charles Spearmen
Objective tests (+types)
histogram
31. Created multitrait-multimethod technique to determine validity of tests
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
Discrete data
Correlational relationships
percentiles
32. Similar to word association - finish incomplete sentences
Demand characteristic
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
33. Sorting cards into a normal distribution; each has a different statement on it about personality; to one end is 'least like self' - other is 'most like self' - and middle is neutral; factor analysis to reduce viewpoints into a few factors
ratio variables
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Content validity
Q-sort/measure
34. Notable for cross-cultural application and simple directions - to make the best picture of a man - scored based on detail and accuracy - not artistic talent
Aptitude tests
One-way ANOVA
confounding variable
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
35. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Cross validation
Standard normal distributions
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
36. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
predictive value
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Pearson r correlation coefficient
ANOVA/analysis of variance
37. compares means of 2 different groups to see if the two groups are truly different - analyze differences between means on continuous data - particularly useful with small n - cannot test for difference between more than 2 groups
Fluid intelligence
Linear regression
T-test
Two-way ANOVA
38. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Graphs (types)
Domain-referenced tests
Charles Spearmen
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
39. For even number of values in the set - take the average of the two middle value
statistics
Frequency distributions (+variables)
median
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
40. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Validity (+types)
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
Anne Anastasi
Domain-referenced tests
41. The degree to which the result from an experiment can be applied to the population and the real world
Julian Rotter
histogram
generalizability
Inferential statistics
42. Describe what is seen in each of 10 inkblots; scoring is complex; validity questionable
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Population & related
T-test
Objective tests (+types)
43. Tests whether the means on one outcome or dependent variable are significantly different across groups - height or level of anxiety from anxiety scale
Factorial analysis of variance
statistics
One-way ANOVA
Pearson r correlation coefficient
44. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
cross-sectional design
dependent variable
T-score
Experimenter bias
45. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
independent variable
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
F-scale or F-ratio
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
46. Not IQ - It is unlikely IQ captures all facets of it
between subject
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Population & related
Intelligence
47. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
ratio variables
Population & related
Concurrent validity
double-blind experiment
48. Cartoons in which one person is frustrating another; asked to describe how the frustrated person responds
Reactance
Acquiescence
mode
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
49. Order - variables need to be arranged by order (not necessarily equally spaced) - ex: maranthon finishers
ordinal variables
Acquiescence
Objective tests (+types)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
50. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Q-sort/measure
Alpha levels
Content validity
between subject