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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Numerically calculating and expressing correlation - r range -1 to +1 - 0 = no relationship
Acquiescence
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Construct validity
2. Does not control - but examines how independent variable affects it
generalizability
Cross validation
within subject
dependent variable
3. Rosenthal effect; researchers see what they want to see; minimized in double-blind
Vocational tests
research design
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Experimenter bias
4. The approach to construct assessment instruments - involves selection of items that can discriminate between various groups; responses determine if he is like a particular group or not; e.g. Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Vocational tests
independent variable
Type I and II errors
5. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
Learn the shape of different distributions
Lewis Terman
Criterion-referenced tests
6. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
IQ Binet'S equation
mental age
predictive value
ratio variables
7. Measure innate ability to learn (debatable) - to predict later performance
Aptitude tests
Test-retest reliability
One-way ANOVA
placebo effect
8. Frequency polygon (continuous variables) - histogram/ bar graph (discrete)
Construct validity
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
Q-sort/measure
Graphs (types)
9. Mean (standard error of mean) - median mode; normal and platykuric: equal; positively skewed: mode - med - mean; negatively skewed: mean - med - mode; bimodal: equal mean and med - 2 modes
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Nonequivalent control group
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
Central Tendency (types and distribution differences)
10. Bell curve; larger the sample - greater chance of having a normal distribution
normal distribution(+characteristic)
bar graph
percentiles
quasi-experimental design
11. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Domain-referenced tests
Hawthorne effect
independent variable
12. Capable of showing order and pacing because equal spaces lie between the values - do not include real zero - ex: temperature
Achievement tests
Cross validation
Test-retest reliability
interval variables
13. Measure the extent to which test measures what it intends to; concurrent - construct - content - face
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
External validity (+types)
Longitudinal design
14. The most frequently occurring value
mode
interval variables
standard deviation (calculation)
Longitudinal design
15. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Continuous data
Robert Zajonc
Lewis Terman
16. Tests whether at least 2 groups co-vary - can adjust for preexisting differences between groups
Split-half reliability
Pearson r correlation coefficient
mode
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
17. Mean of Americans is standardized to 100 - with SD 15 or 16 depending on test; correlates most with IQ of biological parents and socioeconomic status
Linear regression
Acquiescence
Alfred Binet
Mean IQ
18. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
ordinal variables
Reactance
Hawthorne effect
Demand characteristic
19. Like a histogram except that the vertical bars do not touch - various columns are separated by space
Q-sort/measure
bar graph
Spearman r correlation coefficient
mode
20. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
variance and standard deviation
variance (calculation)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
One-way ANOVA
21. Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional approach
interval variables
frequency polygon
cohort-sequential design
Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
22. Internal-External Locus of Control Scale
Rorschach Inkblot Test
histogram
Julian Rotter
Myers-Brigg Type Indicator (MBTI)
23. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
IQ Binet'S equation
Word Association Test
frequency polygon
Reactance
24. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
stratified sampling
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Internal validity
Walter Mischel
25. When subjects that drop out are different than those that remain; no longer random
Acquiescence
T-test
Scientific approach
Selective attrition
26. The process of representing or analyzing numerical data
Linear regression
statistics
Longitudinal design
Demand characteristic
27. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Nonequivalent control group
statistically significant
Chi-square test
Content validity
28. Allow generalization from sample to population - statistics (sample) - parameters (population): use statistics to estimate parameters
interval variables
placebo effect
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Inferential statistics
29. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
Achievement tests
Projective tests (+types)
stratified sampling
Experimental design
30. Not intelligence tests; measure sensory and motor development of infants to identify mental retardation; poor predictors of later intelligence
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
median
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Standard normal distributions
31. Knowing how to do something
Variability
percentiles
Fluid intelligence
Graphs (types)
32. Measure how well you know a subject - measure past learning
Projective tests (+types)
Reliability (+types)
Achievement tests
independent variable
33. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
cohort effect
independent variable
Nonequivalent control group
interval variables
34. Similar to T-test - but can measure more than 2 groups
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Concurrent validity
Reactance
Lie detector tests
35. Inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment substance or condition - used to form control group
Robert Zajonc
frequency polygon
placebo
double-blind experiment
36. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Type I and II errors
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Correlational relationships
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
37. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
T-score
nominal variables
Split-half reliability
38. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
Internal validity
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Mean IQ
39. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Achievement tests
Variability
Projective tests (+types)
Null hypothesis
40. Whether test items look like they measure the construct
Statistical regression
median
Face validity
random sampling
41. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Discrete data
Anne Anastasi
standard deviation (calculation)
Nonequivalent control group
42. 34.13% - 13.59% - 2.02% - 0.26% and - +3 99.74% - +2 97.72% - +1 84.13% - 0 50.00% - -1 15.87% - -2 2.28% - -3 0.26%
Percentages under normal distribution based on SDs (from mean to end)
Validity (+types)
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Linear regression
43. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
variance (calculation)
standard deviation (calculation)
Continuous data
44. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
Charles Spearmen
placebo
T-test
cross-sectional design
45. For children 4-6
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Acquiescence
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
cohort-sequential design
46. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Split-half reliability
ANOVA/analysis of variance
Experimental design
47. Attempts to eliminate/minimize these - variables in the environment that might also effect the dependent variable and blue the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable
Rosenthal effect
confounding variable
histogram
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)
48. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Anne Anastasi
Null hypothesis
nominal variables
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
49. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Two-way ANOVA
Achievement tests
Charles Spearmen
range
50. Intelligence in relation to performance; pioneered development of psychometrics - 'no intelligence is culture-free'
Z-scores
ratio variables
Anne Anastasi
statistics
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