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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Measurement And Methodology
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Subjects
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gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Overall range or spread - most basic measure of variability - subtracts the lowest value from the highest value in a data set
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
histogram
Achievement tests
range
2. Takes place in controlled setting must be able to control for: independent variable - dependent variable - and confounding variable
interval variables
Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study
Experimental design
Field study
3. Neither the subject nor the experimenter know whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or the control group
Selective attrition
Curvilinear relationship
double-blind experiment
Robert Zajonc
4. Different subjects of different ages are compared - faster - easier
generalizability
External validity (+types)
Experimenter bias
cross-sectional design
5. Measured by the same individual taking the same test more than once
Test-retest reliability
IQ Binet'S equation
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
within subject
6. Not to diagnose depression but assess severity of depressive symptoms; used by researcher or clinician to track course of depressive symptoms
Nonequivalent control group
Lewis Terman
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Draw-A-Person Test
7. Population --> sample/subgroup --> representative and unbiased --> achieved through random sampling --> if it'S not feasible - use convenience sampling instead or stratified sampling
Population & related
Charles Spearmen
Meta-analysis
Experimental design
8. A level of <0.05or <0.01 means that chance that seemingly significant errors are due to random variation rather than to true systematic variance is less than 5% or 1%
Spearman r correlation coefficient
within subject
Alpha levels
generalizability
9. Might show how often different variables appear; nominal - ordinal - interval - ratio (real zero)
Vocational tests
External validity (+types)
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Robert Zajonc
10. When subject behave differently just because they thing that they have received the treatment substance or condition
placebo effect
Variability
Anne Anastasi
ANOVA/analysis of variance
11. 31 cards (1 blank and 30 pictures) with interpersonal scenes (2 people facing each other); subject tells story about each which reveals aspects of personality; often measure need for achievement; interpreting terms include needs - press - personology
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach
Spearman r correlation coefficient
cross-sectional design
12. Anything that is measured such as height or depression score on a depression scale
Fluid intelligence
Z-scores
Continuous data
mode
13. Critical of personality trait-theory and personality tests; felt situations (not traits) decide actions
Intelligence
Domain-referenced tests
Walter Mischel
social desirability
14. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample
Linear regression
social desirability
random sampling
John Horn and Raymond Cattell
15. For children 4-6
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
histogram
within subject
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
16. When subjects do and say what they think puts them in a favorable light -ex: reporting they are not racist even if they really are
range
Field study
Donald Campbell and Donald Fiske
social desirability
17. Allows own answer: expression of conflicts - needs - impulses; content interpreted by administrator - some more objective than others; Rorschach Inkblot Test - Thematic Apperception Test - Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study - Word Association
variance (calculation)
Experimental design
Projective tests (+types)
Fluid intelligence
18. Developed concept of IQ and first intelligence test (Binet Scale)
stratified sampling
range
Alfred Binet
Curvilinear relationship
19. Structured - do not allow own answers; more objective than projective tests; not completely objective because most self-reported; Q-sort - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - California Personality Inventory (CPI) - Myers-Brigg Type
Demand characteristic
Alfred Binet
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Objective tests (+types)
20. Compares 2 groups of people at the same time point
Rosenthal effect
Pearson r correlation coefficient
between subject
Illusory correlation
21. Give descriptive names - No order or relationship among the variables other than to separate them into groups - ex: male-female
Q-sort/measure
nominal variables
social desirability
ordinal variables
22. Includes: testable hypothesis - reproducible experiment - operationalized definition (observable and measurable)
percentiles
Split-half reliability
Scientific approach
Word Association Test
23. Mathematically combines and summarizes overall effects or findings for a topic; best known for consolidating effectiveness of psychotherapy - can calculate overall effect size or conclusion drawn from a collection of studies; needed when conflicting
Lie detector tests
Meta-analysis
mode
T-score
24. Neither purely descriptive nor purely inferential - can only show relationship - not causality - positive and negative correlation
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Charles Spearmen
Correlational relationships
T-score
25. Studying the same objects at different points in the lifespan and provides better - more valid results than most other methods - costly - time commitment
Field study
IQ Binet'S equation
Longitudinal design
Curvilinear relationship
26. Measures the extent to which items in a measure 'hang together' and test the same thing
Content validity
Type I and II errors
Internal validity
Longitudinal design
27. Organize data by showing it in a meaningful way; do not allow conclusions to be drawn beyond the sample; percentiles - frequency distributions - graphs - measures of central tendency - variability
Descriptive statistics (+types)
Achievement tests
Cross validation
Julian Rotter
28. Measure of fascism or authoritarian personality
double-blind experiment
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test
F-scale or F-ratio
Statistical regression
29. Attempt to measure less-defined properties (e.g. intelligence) - check for reliability and validity
Reactance
quasi-experimental design
Domain-referenced tests
Demand characteristic
30. Whether scores on a new measure correlate with other measures known to test the same construct; cross validation process
Pearson r correlation coefficient
Alfred Binet
Concurrent validity
Experimental design
31. figure out how much each score differs (deviates) from the mean by subtracting the mean from each score - square each of these deviation values (to get rid of negative value) - add all these squared deviations to get the sum of square - divide sum by
standard deviation (calculation)
Walter Mischel
variance (calculation)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
32. Attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited; e.g. dislike experiment and intentionally behaving unnaturally - or being set on a certain flavour of ice cream as soon as told it is sold out
Vocational tests
Reactance
statistics
Robert Zajonc
33. There is a general factor in intelligence 'g'
Content validity
Charles Spearmen
Rosenthal effect
Criterion-referenced tests
34. How much variation there is among n number of scores in a distribution
Lie detector tests
Scientific approach
variance and standard deviation
Chi-square test
35. (Mental age/chronological age)/100 - Highest age = 16
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36. Transformation of a z-score - mean is 50 and the SD is 10 - T=10(Z)+50
T-score
Type I and II errors
Reliability (+types)
percentiles
37. Empirical-keying or criterion-keying approach; to determine of subject is like a particular group or not
generalizability
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
ratio variables
Hawthorne effect
38. Assess extent interests and strengths match those found by professionals in a particular job field
Learn the shape of different distributions
Frequency distributions (+variables)
Vocational tests
Spearman r correlation coefficient
39. Used when n-cases in a sample are classified into categories or cells - tell us whether the groups are significantly different in size - look at the pattern or distributions - not difference between mean - ex:intro psych class categorized into race -
Chi-square test
range
Linear regression
Alfred Binet
40. Has plotted points connected by lines - used to plot variables that are continuous (categories without clear boundaries)
Content validity
Validity (+types)
frequency polygon
variance and standard deviation
41. Aims to match demographic characteristics to population (i.e. 50% female - etc)
Statistical regression
Robert Zajonc
stratified sampling
Selective attrition
42. Originally used with free association techniques; word called out - subject says next word in mind
Objective tests (+types)
Word Association Test
Fluid intelligence
predictive value
43. Interest in the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable - often manipulated by applying it in experimental or treatment condition and withholding it from control condition
Mean IQ
independent variable
External validity (+types)
Type I and II errors
44. The effect that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period
Alfred Binet
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
cohort effect
Rosenthal effect
45. Have order - equal intervals and a real zero ex: age
percentiles
Q-sort/measure
Lie detector tests
ratio variables
46. The hypothesis that no real differences or pattern exist
Spearman r correlation coefficient
Null hypothesis
range
Word Association Test
47. Originally to determine mental illness - now for personality; more clinical than CPI; 550 T/F/unsure questions (e.g. 'I would like to ride a horse'); discriminates between disorders; high validity because highly discriminatory items and 3 validity sc
Meta-analysis
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Draw-A-Person Test
Two-way ANOVA
48. I when incorrectly reject null - thought significant but chance; II when incorrectly accept null - thought chance but significant
Intelligence
range
Experimental design
Type I and II errors
49. Used when equivalent one cannot be isolated
Nonequivalent control group
Q-sort/measure
F-scale or F-ratio
ratio variables
50. Personality measure for 'normal' / less clinical groups than MMPI - by Harrison Gough
Alfred Binet
median
California Personality Inventory (CPI)
stratified sampling