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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






2. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






3. Details - events - discrete knowledge






4. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






5. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






6. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






7. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






8. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






9. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






10. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






11. Termed icon for brief visual memory






12. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






13. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






14. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






15. STM capacity of 7±2






16. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






17. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






18. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






19. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






20. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






21. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






22. Knowing a fact






23. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






24. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






25. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






26. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






27. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






28. On the verge of retrieval






29. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






30. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






31. Primary and recency effects






32. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






33. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






34. Recall without any cue






35. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






36. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






37. Generate information on their own; cued and free






38. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






39. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






40. General knowledge of the world






41. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






42. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






43. Repeating material to hold in STM






44. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






45. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






46. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






47. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






48. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






49. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






50. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning







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