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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On the verge of retrieval






2. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






3. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






4. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






5. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






6. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






7. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






8. Knowing a fact






9. Knowing how to do something






10. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






11. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






12. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






13. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






14. Repeating material to hold in STM






15. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






16. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






17. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






18. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






19. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






20. Details - events - discrete knowledge






21. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






22. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






23. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






24. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






25. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






26. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






27. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






28. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






29. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






30. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






31. Generate information on their own; cued and free






32. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






33. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






34. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






35. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






36. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






37. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






38. Sensory - short term - long term






39. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






40. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






41. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






42. Termed icon for brief visual memory






43. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






44. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






45. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






46. STM capacity of 7±2






47. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






48. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






49. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






50. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones







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