Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






2. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






3. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






4. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






5. Details - events - discrete knowledge






6. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






7. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






8. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






9. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






10. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






11. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






12. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






13. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






14. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






15. General knowledge of the world






16. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






17. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






18. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






19. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






20. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






21. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






22. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






23. Knowing a fact






24. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






25. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






26. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






27. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






28. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






29. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






30. Generate information on their own; cued and free






31. Sensory - short term - long term






32. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






33. Primary and recency effects






34. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






35. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






36. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






37. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






38. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






39. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






40. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






41. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






42. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






43. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






44. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






45. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






46. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






47. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






48. On the verge of retrieval






49. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






50. STM capacity of 7±2