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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






2. Primary and recency effects






3. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






4. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






5. Dual code hypothesis






6. Generate information on their own; cued and free






7. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






8. On the verge of retrieval






9. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






10. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






11. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






12. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






13. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






14. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






15. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






16. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






17. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






18. Knowing a fact






19. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






20. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






21. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






22. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






23. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






24. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






25. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






26. Recall without any cue






27. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






28. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






29. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






30. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






31. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






32. Sensory - short term - long term






33. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






34. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






35. STM capacity of 7±2






36. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






37. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






38. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






39. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






40. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






41. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






42. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






43. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






44. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






45. Repeating material to hold in STM






46. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






47. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






48. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






49. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






50. General knowledge of the world