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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






2. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






3. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






4. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






5. Dual code hypothesis






6. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






7. Repeating material to hold in STM






8. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






9. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






10. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






11. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






12. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






13. Generate information on their own; cued and free






14. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






15. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






16. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






17. General knowledge of the world






18. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






19. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






20. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






21. Sensory - short term - long term






22. Knowing how to do something






23. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






24. Details - events - discrete knowledge






25. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






26. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






27. Recall without any cue






28. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






29. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






30. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






31. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






32. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






33. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






34. Primary and recency effects






35. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






36. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






37. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






38. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






39. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






40. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






41. STM capacity of 7±2






42. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






43. On the verge of retrieval






44. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






45. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






46. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






47. Termed icon for brief visual memory






48. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






49. Knowing a fact






50. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural