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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






2. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






3. Sensory - short term - long term






4. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






5. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






6. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






7. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






8. Knowing a fact






9. Details - events - discrete knowledge






10. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






11. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






12. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






13. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






14. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






15. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






16. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






17. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






18. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






19. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






20. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






21. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






22. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






23. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






24. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






25. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






26. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






27. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






28. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






29. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






30. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






31. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






32. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






33. Knowing how to do something






34. STM capacity of 7±2






35. Generate information on their own; cued and free






36. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






37. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






38. Recall without any cue






39. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






40. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






41. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






42. Primary and recency effects






43. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






44. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






45. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






46. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






47. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






48. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






49. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






50. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down