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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






2. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






3. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






4. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






5. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






6. Recall without any cue






7. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






8. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






9. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






10. Primary and recency effects






11. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






12. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






13. Knowing a fact






14. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






15. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






16. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






17. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






18. General knowledge of the world






19. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






20. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






21. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






22. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






23. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






24. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






25. On the verge of retrieval






26. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






27. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






28. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






29. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






30. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






31. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






32. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






33. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






34. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






35. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






36. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






37. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






38. Dual code hypothesis






39. Details - events - discrete knowledge






40. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






41. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






42. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






43. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






44. Generate information on their own; cued and free






45. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






46. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






47. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






48. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






49. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






50. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test