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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






2. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






3. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






4. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






5. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






6. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






7. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






8. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






9. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






10. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






11. STM capacity of 7±2






12. General knowledge of the world






13. Repeating material to hold in STM






14. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






15. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






16. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






17. Termed icon for brief visual memory






18. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






19. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






20. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






21. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






22. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






23. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






24. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






25. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






26. Knowing a fact






27. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






28. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






29. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






30. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






31. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






32. On the verge of retrieval






33. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






34. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






35. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






36. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






37. Primary and recency effects






38. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






39. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






40. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






41. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






42. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






43. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






44. Sensory - short term - long term






45. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






46. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






47. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






48. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






49. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






50. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall