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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Details - events - discrete knowledge






2. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






3. Repeating material to hold in STM






4. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






5. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






6. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






7. Termed icon for brief visual memory






8. Knowing a fact






9. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






10. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






11. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






12. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






13. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






14. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






15. Dual code hypothesis






16. Knowing how to do something






17. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






18. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






19. Generate information on their own; cued and free






20. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






21. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






22. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






23. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






24. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






25. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






26. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






27. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






28. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






29. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






30. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






31. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






32. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






33. Sensory - short term - long term






34. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






35. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






36. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






37. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






38. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






39. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






40. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






41. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






42. General knowledge of the world






43. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






44. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






45. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






46. STM capacity of 7±2






47. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






48. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






49. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






50. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud