Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






2. Generate information on their own; cued and free






3. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






4. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






5. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






6. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






7. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






8. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






9. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






10. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






11. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






12. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






13. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






14. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






15. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






16. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






17. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






18. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






19. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






20. Primary and recency effects






21. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






22. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






23. General knowledge of the world






24. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






25. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






26. Recall without any cue






27. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






28. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






29. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






30. Knowing a fact






31. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






32. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






33. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






34. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






35. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






36. Details - events - discrete knowledge






37. Repeating material to hold in STM






38. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






39. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






40. STM capacity of 7±2






41. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






42. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






43. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






44. Knowing how to do something






45. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






46. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






47. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






48. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






49. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






50. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall