Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






2. Details - events - discrete knowledge






3. STM capacity of 7±2






4. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






5. Primary and recency effects






6. Recall without any cue






7. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






8. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






9. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






10. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






11. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






12. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






13. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






14. Dual code hypothesis






15. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






16. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






17. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






18. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






19. On the verge of retrieval






20. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






21. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






22. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






23. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






24. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






25. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






26. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






27. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






28. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






29. Repeating material to hold in STM






30. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






31. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






32. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






33. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






34. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






35. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






36. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






37. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






38. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






39. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






40. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






41. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






42. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






43. Knowing how to do something






44. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






45. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






46. Generate information on their own; cued and free






47. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






48. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






49. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






50. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136