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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






2. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






3. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






4. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






5. Dual code hypothesis






6. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






7. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






8. Knowing a fact






9. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






10. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






11. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






12. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






13. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






14. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






15. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






16. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






17. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






18. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






19. Repeating material to hold in STM






20. Termed icon for brief visual memory






21. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






22. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






23. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






24. Generate information on their own; cued and free






25. Details - events - discrete knowledge






26. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






27. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






28. Sensory - short term - long term






29. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






30. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






31. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






32. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






33. On the verge of retrieval






34. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






35. STM capacity of 7±2






36. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






37. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






38. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






39. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






40. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






41. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






42. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






43. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






44. Knowing how to do something






45. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






46. Recall without any cue






47. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






48. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






49. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






50. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments