Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






2. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






3. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






4. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






5. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






6. Details - events - discrete knowledge






7. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






8. Recall without any cue






9. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






10. Repeating material to hold in STM






11. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






12. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






13. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






14. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






15. Knowing how to do something






16. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






17. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






18. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






19. STM capacity of 7±2






20. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






22. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






23. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






24. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






25. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






26. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






27. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






28. Generate information on their own; cued and free






29. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






30. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






31. Sensory - short term - long term






32. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






33. Knowing a fact






34. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






35. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






36. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






37. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






38. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






39. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






40. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






41. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






42. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






43. On the verge of retrieval






44. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






45. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






46. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






47. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






48. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






49. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






50. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition