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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






2. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






3. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






4. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






5. Generate information on their own; cued and free






6. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






7. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






8. On the verge of retrieval






9. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






10. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






11. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






12. Knowing a fact






13. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






14. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






15. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






16. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






17. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






18. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






19. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






20. Repeating material to hold in STM






21. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






22. Termed icon for brief visual memory






23. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






24. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






25. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






26. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






27. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






28. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






29. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






30. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






31. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






32. Primary and recency effects






33. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






34. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






35. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






36. Sensory - short term - long term






37. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






38. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






41. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






42. Details - events - discrete knowledge






43. STM capacity of 7±2






44. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






45. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






46. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






47. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






48. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






49. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






50. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented