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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






2. STM capacity of 7±2






3. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






4. Details - events - discrete knowledge






5. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






6. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






7. Generate information on their own; cued and free






8. Dual code hypothesis






9. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






10. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






11. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






12. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






13. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






14. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






15. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






16. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






17. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






18. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






19. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






20. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






21. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






22. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






23. Knowing how to do something






24. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






25. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






26. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






27. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






28. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






29. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






30. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






31. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






32. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






33. Sensory - short term - long term






34. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






35. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






36. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






37. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






38. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






39. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






40. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






41. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






42. Primary and recency effects






43. Termed icon for brief visual memory






44. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






45. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






46. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






47. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






48. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






49. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






50. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test