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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






2. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






3. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






4. Primary and recency effects






5. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






6. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






7. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






8. Termed icon for brief visual memory






9. Repeating material to hold in STM






10. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






11. STM capacity of 7±2






12. Sensory - short term - long term






13. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






14. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






15. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






16. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






17. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






18. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






19. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






20. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






21. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






22. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






23. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






24. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






25. Generate information on their own; cued and free






26. Knowing a fact






27. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






28. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






29. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






30. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






31. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






32. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






33. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






34. On the verge of retrieval






35. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






36. General knowledge of the world






37. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






38. Knowing how to do something






39. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






40. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






41. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






42. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






43. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






44. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






45. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






46. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






47. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






48. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






49. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






50. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented