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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






2. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






3. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






4. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






5. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






6. Knowing how to do something






7. Termed icon for brief visual memory






8. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






9. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






10. Generate information on their own; cued and free






11. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






12. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






13. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






14. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






15. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






16. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






17. STM capacity of 7±2






18. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






19. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






20. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






21. Details - events - discrete knowledge






22. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






23. Primary and recency effects






24. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






25. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






26. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






27. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






28. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






29. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






30. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






31. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






32. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






33. Sensory - short term - long term






34. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






35. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






36. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






37. Recall without any cue






38. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






39. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






40. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






41. General knowledge of the world






42. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






43. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






44. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






45. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






46. Knowing a fact






47. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






48. Repeating material to hold in STM






49. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






50. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning