Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






2. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






3. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






4. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






5. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






6. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






7. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






8. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






9. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






10. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






11. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






12. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






13. Termed icon for brief visual memory






14. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






15. General knowledge of the world






16. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






17. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






18. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






19. On the verge of retrieval






20. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






21. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






22. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






23. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






24. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






25. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






26. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






27. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






28. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






29. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






30. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






31. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






32. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






33. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






34. Primary and recency effects






35. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






36. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






37. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






38. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






39. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






40. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






41. Details - events - discrete knowledge






42. Repeating material to hold in STM






43. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






44. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






45. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






46. STM capacity of 7±2






47. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






48. Sensory - short term - long term






49. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






50. Dual code hypothesis