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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






2. Termed icon for brief visual memory






3. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






4. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






5. Dual code hypothesis






6. Knowing a fact






7. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






8. STM capacity of 7±2






9. Knowing how to do something






10. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






11. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






12. Sensory - short term - long term






13. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






14. General knowledge of the world






15. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






16. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






17. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






18. Primary and recency effects






19. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






20. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






21. On the verge of retrieval






22. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






23. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






24. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






25. Repeating material to hold in STM






26. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






27. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






28. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






29. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






30. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






31. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






32. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






33. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






34. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






35. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






36. Details - events - discrete knowledge






37. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






38. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






39. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






40. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






41. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






42. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






43. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






44. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






45. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






46. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






47. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






48. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






49. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






50. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment