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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Recall without any cue






2. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






3. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






4. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






5. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






6. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






7. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






8. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






9. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






10. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






11. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






12. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






13. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






14. Knowing a fact






15. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






16. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






17. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






18. Primary and recency effects






19. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






20. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






21. Details - events - discrete knowledge






22. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






23. Repeating material to hold in STM






24. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






25. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






26. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






27. Generate information on their own; cued and free






28. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






29. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






30. Dual code hypothesis






31. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






32. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






33. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






34. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






35. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






36. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






37. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






38. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






39. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






40. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






41. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






42. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






43. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






44. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






45. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






46. STM capacity of 7±2






47. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






48. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






49. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






50. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test