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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






2. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






3. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






4. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






5. Recall without any cue






6. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






7. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






8. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






9. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






10. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






11. Primary and recency effects






12. General knowledge of the world






13. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






14. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






15. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






16. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






17. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






18. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






19. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






20. Termed icon for brief visual memory






21. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






22. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






23. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






24. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






25. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






26. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






27. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






28. Dual code hypothesis






29. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






30. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






31. On the verge of retrieval






32. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






33. Knowing a fact






34. Sensory - short term - long term






35. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






36. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






37. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






38. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






39. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






40. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






41. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






42. Knowing how to do something






43. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






44. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






45. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






46. STM capacity of 7±2






47. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






48. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






49. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






50. Details - events - discrete knowledge