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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






2. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






3. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






4. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






5. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






6. Generate information on their own; cued and free






7. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






8. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






9. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






10. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






11. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






12. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






13. On the verge of retrieval






14. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






15. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






16. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






17. Primary and recency effects






18. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






19. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






20. Sensory - short term - long term






21. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






22. Termed icon for brief visual memory






23. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






24. Knowing a fact






25. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






26. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






27. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






28. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






29. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






30. Repeating material to hold in STM






31. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






32. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






33. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






34. General knowledge of the world






35. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






36. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






37. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






38. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






39. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






40. Knowing how to do something






41. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






42. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






43. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






44. Dual code hypothesis






45. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






46. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






47. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






48. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






49. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






50. Recall without any cue