Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






2. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






3. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






4. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






5. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






6. General knowledge of the world






7. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






8. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






9. Recall without any cue






10. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






11. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






12. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






13. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






14. Sensory - short term - long term






15. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






16. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






17. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






18. Repeating material to hold in STM






19. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






20. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






21. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






22. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






23. On the verge of retrieval






24. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






25. Knowing a fact






26. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






27. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






28. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






29. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






30. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






31. Generate information on their own; cued and free






32. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






33. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






34. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






35. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






36. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






37. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






38. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






39. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






40. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






41. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






42. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






43. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






44. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






45. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






46. Knowing how to do something






47. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






48. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






49. Dual code hypothesis






50. Termed icon for brief visual memory