Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






2. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






3. On the verge of retrieval






4. Details - events - discrete knowledge






5. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






6. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






7. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






8. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






9. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






10. Termed icon for brief visual memory






11. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






12. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






13. Generate information on their own; cued and free






14. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






15. Repeating material to hold in STM






16. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






17. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






18. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






19. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






20. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






21. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






22. STM capacity of 7±2






23. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






24. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






25. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






26. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






27. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






28. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






29. General knowledge of the world






30. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






31. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






32. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






33. Knowing a fact






34. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






35. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






36. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






37. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






38. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






39. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






40. Recall without any cue






41. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






42. Primary and recency effects






43. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






44. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






45. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






46. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






47. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






48. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






49. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






50. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects