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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






2. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






3. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






4. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






5. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






6. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






7. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






8. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






9. General knowledge of the world






10. Primary and recency effects






11. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






12. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






13. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






14. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






15. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






16. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






17. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






18. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






19. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






20. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






21. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






22. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






23. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






24. Details - events - discrete knowledge






25. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






26. Sensory - short term - long term






27. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






28. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






29. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






30. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






31. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






32. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






33. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






34. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






35. STM capacity of 7±2






36. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






37. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






38. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






39. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






40. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






41. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






42. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






43. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






44. Knowing a fact






45. Knowing how to do something






46. Termed icon for brief visual memory






47. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






48. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






49. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






50. Sensory memory for auditory sensations