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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






2. Knowing how to do something






3. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






4. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






5. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






6. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






7. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






8. Dual code hypothesis






9. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






10. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






11. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






12. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






13. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






14. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






15. Knowing a fact






16. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






17. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






18. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






19. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






20. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






21. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






22. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






23. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






24. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






25. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






26. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






27. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






28. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






29. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






30. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






31. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






32. Termed icon for brief visual memory






33. On the verge of retrieval






34. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






35. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






36. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






37. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






38. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






39. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






40. Sensory - short term - long term






41. STM capacity of 7±2






42. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






43. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






44. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






45. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






46. Repeating material to hold in STM






47. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






48. Generate information on their own; cued and free






49. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






50. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time