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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






2. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






3. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






4. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






5. Dual code hypothesis






6. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






7. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






8. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






9. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






10. Details - events - discrete knowledge






11. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






12. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






13. Generate information on their own; cued and free






14. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






15. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






16. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






17. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






18. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






19. Sensory - short term - long term






20. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






21. Primary and recency effects






22. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






23. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






24. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






25. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






26. Repeating material to hold in STM






27. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






28. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






29. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






30. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






31. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






32. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






33. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






34. On the verge of retrieval






35. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






36. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






37. STM capacity of 7±2






38. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






39. Recall without any cue






40. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






41. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






42. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






43. Termed icon for brief visual memory






44. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






45. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






46. General knowledge of the world






47. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






48. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






49. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






50. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory