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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






2. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






3. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






4. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






5. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






6. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






7. Termed icon for brief visual memory






8. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






9. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






10. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






11. Details - events - discrete knowledge






12. Generate information on their own; cued and free






13. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






14. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






15. Knowing how to do something






16. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






17. Primary and recency effects






18. Knowing a fact






19. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






20. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






21. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






22. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






23. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






24. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






25. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






26. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






27. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






28. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






29. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






30. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






31. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






32. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






33. Sensory - short term - long term






34. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






35. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






36. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






37. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






38. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






39. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






40. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






41. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






42. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






43. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






44. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






45. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






46. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






47. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






48. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






49. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






50. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time