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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On the verge of retrieval






2. Repeating material to hold in STM






3. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






4. Primary and recency effects






5. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






6. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






7. Generate information on their own; cued and free






8. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






9. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






10. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






11. STM capacity of 7±2






12. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






13. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






14. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






15. General knowledge of the world






16. Termed icon for brief visual memory






17. Knowing how to do something






18. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






19. Details - events - discrete knowledge






20. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






21. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






22. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






23. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






24. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






25. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






26. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






27. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






28. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






29. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






30. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






31. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






32. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






33. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






34. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






35. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






36. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






37. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






38. Sensory - short term - long term






39. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






40. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






41. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






42. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






43. Knowing a fact






44. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






45. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






46. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






47. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






48. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






49. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






50. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment