Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






2. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






3. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






4. Details - events - discrete knowledge






5. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






6. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






7. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






8. Recall without any cue






9. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






10. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






11. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






12. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






13. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






14. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






15. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






16. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






17. On the verge of retrieval






18. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






19. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






20. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






21. Sensory - short term - long term






22. Dual code hypothesis






23. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






24. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






25. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






26. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






27. Knowing how to do something






28. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






29. STM capacity of 7±2






30. General knowledge of the world






31. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






32. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






33. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






34. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






35. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






36. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






37. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






38. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






41. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






42. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






43. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






44. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






45. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






46. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






47. Repeating material to hold in STM






48. Generate information on their own; cued and free






49. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






50. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning