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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






2. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






3. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






4. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






5. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






6. Details - events - discrete knowledge






7. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






8. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






9. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






10. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






11. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






12. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






13. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






14. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






15. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






16. General knowledge of the world






17. Sensory - short term - long term






18. Generate information on their own; cued and free






19. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






20. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






21. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






22. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






23. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






24. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






25. Knowing a fact






26. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






27. Primary and recency effects






28. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






29. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






30. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






31. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






32. Dual code hypothesis






33. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






34. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






35. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






36. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






37. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






38. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






39. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






40. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






41. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






42. On the verge of retrieval






43. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






44. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






45. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






46. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






47. Recall without any cue






48. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






49. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






50. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time







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