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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






2. Sensory - short term - long term






3. STM capacity of 7±2






4. Knowing how to do something






5. Knowing a fact






6. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






7. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






8. On the verge of retrieval






9. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






10. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






11. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






12. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






13. Generate information on their own; cued and free






14. Repeating material to hold in STM






15. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






16. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






17. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






18. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






19. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






20. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






21. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






22. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






23. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






24. Dual code hypothesis






25. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






26. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






27. General knowledge of the world






28. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






29. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






30. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






31. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






32. Primary and recency effects






33. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






34. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






35. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






36. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






37. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






38. Termed icon for brief visual memory






39. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






40. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






41. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






42. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






43. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






44. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






45. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






46. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






47. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






48. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






49. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






50. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage