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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






2. Recall without any cue






3. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






4. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






5. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






6. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






7. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






8. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






9. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






10. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






11. Termed icon for brief visual memory






12. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






13. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






14. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






15. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






16. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






17. Generate information on their own; cued and free






18. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






19. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






20. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






21. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






22. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






23. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






24. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






25. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






26. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






27. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






28. Knowing a fact






29. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






30. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






31. General knowledge of the world






32. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






33. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






34. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






35. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






36. Knowing how to do something






37. Details - events - discrete knowledge






38. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






39. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






40. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






41. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






42. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






43. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






44. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






45. Dual code hypothesis






46. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






47. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






48. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






49. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






50. Primary and recency effects