Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






2. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






3. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






4. Recall without any cue






5. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






6. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






7. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






8. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






9. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






10. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






11. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






12. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






13. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






14. Knowing a fact






15. Details - events - discrete knowledge






16. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






17. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






18. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






19. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






20. Repeating material to hold in STM






21. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






22. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






23. Generate information on their own; cued and free






24. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






25. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






26. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






27. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






28. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






29. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






30. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






31. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






32. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






33. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






34. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






35. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






36. On the verge of retrieval






37. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






38. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






39. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






40. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






41. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






42. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






43. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






44. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






45. Termed icon for brief visual memory






46. General knowledge of the world






47. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






48. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






49. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






50. Primary and recency effects