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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






2. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






3. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






4. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






5. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






6. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






7. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






8. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






9. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






10. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






11. On the verge of retrieval






12. Knowing how to do something






13. STM capacity of 7±2






14. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






15. Knowing a fact






16. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






17. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






18. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






19. Termed icon for brief visual memory






20. Dual code hypothesis






21. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






22. Generate information on their own; cued and free






23. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






24. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






25. Recall without any cue






26. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






27. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






28. Sensory - short term - long term






29. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






30. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






31. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






32. Repeating material to hold in STM






33. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






34. General knowledge of the world






35. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






36. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






37. Primary and recency effects






38. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






41. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






42. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






43. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






44. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






45. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






46. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






47. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






48. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






49. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






50. Sensory memory for auditory sensations