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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generate information on their own; cued and free






2. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






3. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






4. Dual code hypothesis






5. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






6. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






7. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






8. Repeating material to hold in STM






9. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






10. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






11. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






12. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






13. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






14. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






15. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






16. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






17. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






18. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






19. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






20. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






21. General knowledge of the world






22. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






23. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






24. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






25. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






26. Sensory - short term - long term






27. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






28. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






29. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






30. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






31. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






32. STM capacity of 7±2






33. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






34. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






35. Termed icon for brief visual memory






36. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






37. Knowing how to do something






38. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






39. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






40. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






41. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






42. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






43. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






44. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






45. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






46. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






47. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






48. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






49. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






50. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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