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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sensory - short term - long term






2. Termed icon for brief visual memory






3. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






4. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






5. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






6. Repeating material to hold in STM






7. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






8. General knowledge of the world






9. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






10. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






11. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






12. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






13. STM capacity of 7±2






14. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






15. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






16. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






17. Dual code hypothesis






18. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






19. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






20. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






21. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






22. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






23. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






24. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






25. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






26. Primary and recency effects






27. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






28. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






29. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






30. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






31. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






32. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






33. Generate information on their own; cued and free






34. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






35. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






36. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






37. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






38. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






39. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






40. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






41. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






42. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






43. Details - events - discrete knowledge






44. Knowing how to do something






45. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






46. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






47. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






48. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






49. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






50. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)