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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Repeating material to hold in STM






2. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






3. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






4. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






5. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






6. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






7. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






8. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






9. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






10. Dual code hypothesis






11. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






12. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






13. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






14. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






15. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






16. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






17. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






18. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






19. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






20. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






21. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






22. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






23. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






24. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






25. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






26. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






27. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






28. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






29. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






30. Knowing how to do something






31. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






32. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






33. Details - events - discrete knowledge






34. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






35. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






36. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






37. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






38. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






39. Generate information on their own; cued and free






40. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






41. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






42. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






43. STM capacity of 7±2






44. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






45. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






46. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






47. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






48. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






49. On the verge of retrieval






50. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)