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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






2. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






3. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






4. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






5. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






6. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






7. STM capacity of 7±2






8. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






9. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






10. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






11. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






12. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






13. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






14. Dual code hypothesis






15. Recall without any cue






16. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






17. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






18. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






19. General knowledge of the world






20. Sensory - short term - long term






21. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






22. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






23. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






24. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






25. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






26. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






27. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






28. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






29. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






30. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






31. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






32. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






33. On the verge of retrieval






34. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






35. Repeating material to hold in STM






36. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






37. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






38. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






39. Knowing a fact






40. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






41. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






42. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






43. Termed icon for brief visual memory






44. Knowing how to do something






45. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






46. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






47. Generate information on their own; cued and free






48. Primary and recency effects






49. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






50. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time







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