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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






2. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






3. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






4. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






5. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






6. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






7. Dual code hypothesis






8. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






9. Sensory - short term - long term






10. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






11. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






12. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






13. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






14. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






15. On the verge of retrieval






16. Knowing how to do something






17. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






18. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






19. STM capacity of 7±2






20. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






21. Repeating material to hold in STM






22. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






23. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






24. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






25. Knowing a fact






26. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






27. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






28. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






29. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






30. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






31. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






32. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






33. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






34. Primary and recency effects






35. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






36. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






37. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






38. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






39. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






40. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






41. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






42. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






43. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






44. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






45. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






46. Recall without any cue






47. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






48. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






49. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






50. Generate information on their own; cued and free