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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On the verge of retrieval






2. Primary and recency effects






3. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






4. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






5. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






6. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






7. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






8. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






9. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






10. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






11. Knowing how to do something






12. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






13. Sensory - short term - long term






14. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






15. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






16. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






17. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






18. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






19. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






20. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






21. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






22. Generate information on their own; cued and free






23. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






24. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






25. Recall without any cue






26. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






27. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






28. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






29. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






30. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






31. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






32. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






33. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






34. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






35. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






36. Knowing a fact






37. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






38. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






39. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






40. Details - events - discrete knowledge






41. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






42. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






43. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






44. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






45. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






46. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






47. Termed icon for brief visual memory






48. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






49. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






50. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments







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