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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






2. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






3. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






4. Recall without any cue






5. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






6. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






7. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






8. Knowing a fact






9. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






10. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






11. Details - events - discrete knowledge






12. Termed icon for brief visual memory






13. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






14. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






15. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






16. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






17. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






18. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






19. Primary and recency effects






20. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






22. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






23. Sensory - short term - long term






24. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






25. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






26. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






27. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






28. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






29. Knowing how to do something






30. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






31. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






32. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






33. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






34. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






35. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






36. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






37. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






38. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






39. Repeating material to hold in STM






40. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






41. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






42. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






43. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






44. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






45. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






46. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






47. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






48. Dual code hypothesis






49. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






50. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject