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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






2. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






3. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






4. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






5. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






6. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






7. Sensory - short term - long term






8. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






9. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






10. General knowledge of the world






11. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






12. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






13. Repeating material to hold in STM






14. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






15. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






16. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






17. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






18. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






19. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






20. Dual code hypothesis






21. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






22. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






23. Termed icon for brief visual memory






24. STM capacity of 7±2






25. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






26. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






27. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






28. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






29. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






30. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






31. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






32. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






33. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






34. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






35. Recall without any cue






36. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






37. Generate information on their own; cued and free






38. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






39. Knowing how to do something






40. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






41. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






42. Knowing a fact






43. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






44. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






45. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






46. On the verge of retrieval






47. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






48. Details - events - discrete knowledge






49. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






50. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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