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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






2. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






3. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






4. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






5. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






6. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






7. Sensory - short term - long term






8. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






9. Knowing how to do something






10. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






11. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






12. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






13. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






14. Primary and recency effects






15. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






16. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






17. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






18. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






19. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






20. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






21. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






22. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






23. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






24. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






25. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






26. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






27. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






28. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






29. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






30. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






31. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






32. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






33. Recall without any cue






34. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






35. Termed icon for brief visual memory






36. On the verge of retrieval






37. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






38. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






39. STM capacity of 7±2






40. Generate information on their own; cued and free






41. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






42. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






43. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






44. Knowing a fact






45. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






46. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






47. Repeating material to hold in STM






48. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






49. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






50. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented