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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Memory
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generate information on their own; cued and free
Recall task involving order of items on a list
Proactive interference
Working memory
Recall (+types)
2. Sensory memory for auditory sensations
Forgetting curve
Incidental learning
George Sperling
Echoic memory
3. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Decay (or trace) theory
Rehearsal (+types)
Long-term memory
Eidetic imagery
4. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact
Procedural memory
Explicit memory
Recall task involving order of items on a list
E.R. Kandel
5. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down
Serial-anticipation learning
Iconic memory
Episodic memory
George Sperling
6. Recall without any cue
Zeigarnik effect
Echoic memory
Free recall
E.R. Kandel
7. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony
Sensory memory (+types)
Eidetic imagery
Long-term memory
Elizabeth Loftus
8. General knowledge of the world
Icon
Recall (+types)
Semantic memory
Incidental learning
9. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second
Generation-recognition model
Icon
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
Implicit memory
10. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory
Stages of memory
LTM not subject to
Mnemonics
E.R. Kandel
11. Grouping items can increase STM capacity
Icon
Donald Hebb
Chunking
Serial-anticipation learning
12. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another
Short-term memory
Elizabeth Loftus
State-dependent memory
Paired-associate learning
13. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test
Generation-recognition model
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Chunking
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
14. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)
Recognition
Dual code hypothesis
Generation-recognition model
Forgetting curve
15. Knowing a fact
Brenda Milner
Echoic memory
Declarative memory
Cued recall
16. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol
Hermann Ebbinghaus
State-dependent memory
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Paired-associate learning
17. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning
George Sperling
Recall (+types)
Incidental learning
Clustering
18. Details - events - discrete knowledge
Free-recall learning
Tachistoscope
Episodic memory
State-dependent memory
19. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made
Serial-anticipation learning
Association between picture vs. words
Allan Paivio
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
20. STM capacity of 7±2
Ulric Neisser
Mnemonics
George Miller
Elizabeth Loftus
21. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Semantic memory
Eidetic imagery
Retroactive interference
22. Primary and recency effects
LTM not subject to
Implicit memory
Forgetting theories
Recognition
23. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject
Brenda Milner
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Interference types
Echoic memory
24. On the verge of retrieval
Sensory memory (+types)
Free-recall learning
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
25. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Cued recall
Short-term memory
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
26. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition
Free recall
Procedural memory
Interference types
George Miller
27. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time
Iconic memory
Decay (or trace) theory
Savings
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
28. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings
Frederick Bartlett
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
29. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember
Forgetting curve
George Sperling
Recall (+types)
Rehearsal (+types)
30. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar
Zeigarnik effect
Long-term memory
Frederick Bartlett
Paired-associate learning
31. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall
Rehearsal (+types)
Paired-associate learning
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Procedural memory
32. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136
Implicit memory
Recall task involving order of items on a list
Eidetic imagery
Primacy and recency effects
33. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word
Paired-associate learning
Forgetting theories
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Hermann Ebbinghaus
34. Decay (or trace) and interference theory
Retroactive interference
Ulric Neisser
Forgetting theories
Procedural memory
35. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented
Proactive interference
Implicit memory
Long-term memory
Decay (or trace) theory
36. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.
Paired-associate learning
Free-recall learning
Zeigarnik effect
Recall (+types)
37. Sensory - short term - long term
Donald Hebb
Ulric Neisser
Stages of memory
Mnemonics
38. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree
Flashbulb memories
Association between picture vs. words
Karl Lashley
Donald Hebb
39. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test
Clustering
Cued recall
Long-term memory
Forgetting theories
40. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Icon
Sensory memory (+types)
Long-term memory
41. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
Sensory memory (+types)
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Paired-associate learning
42. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage
Serial-anticipation learning
Encoding specificity principle
Icon
Brenda Milner
43. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud
Association between picture vs. words
Stages of memory
Zeigarnik effect
Encoding specificity principle
44. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones
Clustering
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Flashbulb memories
Frederick Bartlett
45. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Serial-anticipation learning
Long-term memory
Cued recall
46. Dual code hypothesis
Allan Paivio
Paired-associate learning
George Sperling
Forgetting curve
47. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM
Eidetic imagery
Procedural memory
E.R. Kandel
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
48. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)
Brenda Milner
Association between picture vs. words
Allan Paivio
Free recall
49. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented
Retroactive interference
Eidetic imagery
Flashbulb memories
E.R. Kandel
50. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did
Allan Paivio
LTM not subject to
Brenda Milner
Implicit memory