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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






2. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






3. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






4. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






5. On the verge of retrieval






6. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






7. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






8. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






9. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






10. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






11. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






12. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






13. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






14. Primary and recency effects






15. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






16. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






17. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






18. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






19. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






20. Recall without any cue






21. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






22. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






23. Dual code hypothesis






24. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






25. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






26. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






27. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






28. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






29. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






30. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






31. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






32. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






33. Knowing a fact






34. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






35. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






36. General knowledge of the world






37. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






38. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






39. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






40. Knowing how to do something






41. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






42. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






43. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






44. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






45. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






46. Details - events - discrete knowledge






47. STM capacity of 7±2






48. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






49. Sensory - short term - long term






50. Generate information on their own; cued and free