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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generate information on their own; cued and free






2. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






3. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






4. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






5. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






6. Recall without any cue






7. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






8. General knowledge of the world






9. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






10. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






11. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






12. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






13. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






14. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






15. Knowing a fact






16. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






17. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






18. Details - events - discrete knowledge






19. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






20. STM capacity of 7±2






21. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






22. Primary and recency effects






23. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






24. On the verge of retrieval






25. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






26. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






27. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






28. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






29. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






30. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






31. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






32. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






33. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






34. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






35. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






36. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






37. Sensory - short term - long term






38. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






39. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






40. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






41. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






42. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






43. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






44. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






45. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






46. Dual code hypothesis






47. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






48. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






49. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






50. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did