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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






2. Termed icon for brief visual memory






3. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






4. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






5. Primary and recency effects






6. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






7. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






8. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






9. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






10. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






11. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






12. Generate information on their own; cued and free






13. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






14. Repeating material to hold in STM






15. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






16. General knowledge of the world






17. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






18. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






19. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






20. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






21. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






22. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






23. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






24. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






25. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






26. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






27. Sensory - short term - long term






28. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






29. On the verge of retrieval






30. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






31. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






32. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






33. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






34. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






35. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






36. Recall without any cue






37. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






38. Knowing how to do something






39. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






40. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






41. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






42. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






43. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






44. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






45. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






46. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






47. Details - events - discrete knowledge






48. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






49. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






50. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar