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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






2. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






3. On the verge of retrieval






4. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






5. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






6. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






7. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






8. Details - events - discrete knowledge






9. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






10. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






11. Repeating material to hold in STM






12. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






13. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






14. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






15. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






16. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






17. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






18. Dual code hypothesis






19. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






20. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






21. Sensory - short term - long term






22. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






23. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






24. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






25. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






26. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






27. Knowing how to do something






28. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






29. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






30. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






31. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






32. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






33. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






34. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






35. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






36. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






37. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






38. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






39. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






40. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






41. Recall without any cue






42. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






43. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






44. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






45. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






46. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






47. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






48. General knowledge of the world






49. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






50. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test