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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Memory
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Grouping items can increase STM capacity
Recall (+types)
Forgetting theories
Interference theory
Chunking
2. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Tachistoscope
Serial-anticipation learning
3. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud
LTM not subject to
Zeigarnik effect
Donald Hebb
Free recall
4. Termed icon for brief visual memory
Generation-recognition model
Free recall
Frederick Bartlett
Ulric Neisser
5. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies
Donald Hebb
Clustering
Zeigarnik effect
George Miller
6. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did
Allan Paivio
Implicit memory
Zeigarnik effect
Long-term memory
7. Recall without any cue
Semantic memory
Icon
Procedural memory
Free recall
8. Primary and recency effects
Cued recall
E.R. Kandel
LTM not subject to
Savings
9. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Generation-recognition model
LTM not subject to
Sensory memory (+types)
10. Details - events - discrete knowledge
Episodic memory
George Miller
Forgetting curve
Flashbulb memories
11. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage
Backward masking
Forgetting curve
Free recall
Encoding specificity principle
12. Sensory memory for auditory sensations
Echoic memory
Declarative memory
State-dependent memory
LTM not subject to
13. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments
Flashbulb memories
Icon
Tachistoscope
Allan Paivio
14. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition
Chunking
Flashbulb memories
Frederick Bartlett
Short-term memory
15. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second
Icon
Free recall
State-dependent memory
Paired-associate learning
16. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word
State-dependent memory
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Ulric Neisser
Paired-associate learning
17. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Flashbulb memories
Frederick Bartlett
Recall (+types)
18. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Free-recall learning
Rehearsal (+types)
Explicit memory
Recognition
19. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)
Interference theory
Sensory memory (+types)
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Forgetting curve
20. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time
Recall task involving order of items on a list
Echoic memory
George Sperling
Decay (or trace) theory
21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact
E.R. Kandel
Explicit memory
Free-recall learning
Recognition
22. General knowledge of the world
Eidetic imagery
Free recall
Incidental learning
Semantic memory
23. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning
Clustering
Zeigarnik effect
Incidental learning
Savings
24. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment
Episodic memory
Working memory
Donald Hebb
Chunking
25. Decay (or trace) and interference theory
George Sperling
Declarative memory
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Forgetting theories
26. Sensory - short term - long term
Incidental learning
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Short-term memory
Stages of memory
27. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)
Mnemonics
Paired-associate learning
Savings
Echoic memory
28. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test
Mnemonics
Savings
Recognition
Free-recall learning
29. Knowing a fact
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
State-dependent memory
Declarative memory
Stages of memory
30. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another
Proactive interference
Episodic memory
Mnemonics
Paired-associate learning
31. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables
Backward masking
Tachistoscope
Savings
Forgetting curve
32. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time
Declarative memory
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Serial-anticipation learning
Procedural memory
33. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.
Free-recall learning
Echoic memory
Elizabeth Loftus
Clustering
34. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)
Semantic memory
Association between picture vs. words
Dual code hypothesis
Eidetic imagery
35. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time
Recognition
Free-recall learning
Cued recall
Savings
36. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree
Donald Hebb
Free-recall learning
Ulric Neisser
Proactive interference
37. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition
Chunking
Flashbulb memories
Interference types
E.R. Kandel
38. Generate information on their own; cued and free
Recall (+types)
Short-term memory
Clustering
Eidetic imagery
39. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural
Paired-associate learning
Implicit memory
Frederick Bartlett
Eidetic imagery
40. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Dual code hypothesis
Working memory
41. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember
George Sperling
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Echoic memory
Working memory
42. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented
Retroactive interference
Karl Lashley
Recognition
Recall (+types)
43. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects
Savings
Chunking
Clustering
Long-term memory
44. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay
Sensory memory (+types)
Interference types
Decay (or trace) theory
Primacy and recency effects
45. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject
Tachistoscope
Declarative memory
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Interference theory
46. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)
Donald Hebb
Brenda Milner
Episodic memory
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
47. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Incidental learning
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
48. Dual code hypothesis
Interference types
Allan Paivio
Recall task involving order of items on a list
Backward masking
49. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down
Paired-associate learning
Free recall
Primacy and recency effects
Iconic memory
50. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol
State-dependent memory
Clustering
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Iconic memory