Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






2. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






3. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






4. On the verge of retrieval






5. Primary and recency effects






6. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






7. Generate information on their own; cued and free






8. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






9. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






10. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






11. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






12. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






13. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






14. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






15. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






16. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






17. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






18. Knowing how to do something






19. General knowledge of the world






20. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






21. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






22. Termed icon for brief visual memory






23. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






24. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






25. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






26. Knowing a fact






27. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






28. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






29. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






30. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






31. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






32. Recall without any cue






33. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






34. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






35. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






36. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






37. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






38. Sensory - short term - long term






39. Details - events - discrete knowledge






40. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






41. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






42. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






43. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






44. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






45. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






46. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






47. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






48. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






49. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






50. Dual code hypothesis