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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Details - events - discrete knowledge






2. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






3. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






4. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






5. Dual code hypothesis






6. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






7. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






8. Recall without any cue






9. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






10. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






11. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






12. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






13. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






14. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






15. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






16. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






17. Termed icon for brief visual memory






18. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






19. Primary and recency effects






20. STM capacity of 7±2






21. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






22. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






23. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






24. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






25. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






26. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






27. General knowledge of the world






28. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






29. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






30. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






31. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






32. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






33. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






34. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






35. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






36. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






37. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






38. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






39. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






40. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






41. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






42. Generate information on their own; cued and free






43. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






44. Knowing how to do something






45. On the verge of retrieval






46. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






47. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






48. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






49. Repeating material to hold in STM






50. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down