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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Knowing how to do something






2. Primary and recency effects






3. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






4. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






5. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






6. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






7. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






8. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






9. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






10. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






11. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






12. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






13. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






14. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






15. Knowing a fact






16. Recall without any cue






17. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






18. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






19. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






20. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






21. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






22. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






23. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






24. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






25. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






26. Termed icon for brief visual memory






27. Details - events - discrete knowledge






28. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






29. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






30. Generate information on their own; cued and free






31. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






32. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






33. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






34. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






35. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






36. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






37. Sensory - short term - long term






38. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






39. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






40. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






41. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






42. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






43. General knowledge of the world






44. Repeating material to hold in STM






45. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






46. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






47. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






48. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






49. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






50. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word