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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






2. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






3. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






4. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






5. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






6. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






7. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






8. STM capacity of 7±2






9. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






10. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






11. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






12. Generate information on their own; cued and free






13. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






14. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






15. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






16. Knowing how to do something






17. Knowing a fact






18. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






19. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






20. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






21. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






22. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






23. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






24. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






25. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






26. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






27. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






28. Recall without any cue






29. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






30. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






31. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






32. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






33. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






34. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






35. Details - events - discrete knowledge






36. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






37. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






38. Sensory - short term - long term






39. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






40. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






41. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






42. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






43. Termed icon for brief visual memory






44. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






45. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






46. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






47. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






48. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






49. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






50. On the verge of retrieval