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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






2. Dual code hypothesis






3. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






4. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






5. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






6. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






7. Termed icon for brief visual memory






8. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






9. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






10. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






11. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






12. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






13. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






14. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






15. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






16. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






17. Details - events - discrete knowledge






18. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






19. Repeating material to hold in STM






20. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






21. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






22. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






23. STM capacity of 7±2






24. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






25. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






26. General knowledge of the world






27. Knowing how to do something






28. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






29. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






30. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






31. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






32. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






33. Recall without any cue






34. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






35. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






36. On the verge of retrieval






37. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






38. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






39. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






40. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






41. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






42. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






43. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






44. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






45. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






46. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






47. Generate information on their own; cued and free






48. Sensory - short term - long term






49. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






50. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time