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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On the verge of retrieval






2. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






3. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






4. Primary and recency effects






5. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






6. Repeating material to hold in STM






7. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






8. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






9. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






10. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






11. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






12. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






13. Recall without any cue






14. STM capacity of 7±2






15. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






16. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






17. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






18. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






19. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






20. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






21. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






22. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






23. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






24. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






25. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






26. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






27. Dual code hypothesis






28. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






29. General knowledge of the world






30. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






31. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






32. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






33. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






34. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






35. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






36. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






37. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






38. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






39. Knowing a fact






40. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






41. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






42. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






43. Sensory - short term - long term






44. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






45. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






46. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






47. Details - events - discrete knowledge






48. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






49. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






50. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning