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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






2. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






3. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






4. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






5. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






6. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






7. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






8. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






9. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






10. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






11. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






12. STM capacity of 7±2






13. General knowledge of the world






14. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






15. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






16. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






17. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






18. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






19. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






20. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






21. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






22. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






23. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






24. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






25. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






26. Primary and recency effects






27. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






28. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






29. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






30. On the verge of retrieval






31. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






32. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






33. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






34. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






35. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






36. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






37. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






38. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






39. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






40. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






41. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






42. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






43. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






44. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






45. Details - events - discrete knowledge






46. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






47. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






48. Dual code hypothesis






49. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






50. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word