SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Memory
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies
Backward masking
Interference types
Clustering
Savings
2. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time
LTM not subject to
Proactive interference
Serial-anticipation learning
Mnemonics
3. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented
Proactive interference
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
Paired-associate learning
Sensory memory (+types)
4. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain
Karl Lashley
Frederick Bartlett
Implicit memory
E.R. Kandel
5. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did
George Sperling
Generation-recognition model
Savings
Implicit memory
6. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones
Recognition
Explicit memory
Flashbulb memories
Cued recall
7. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made
Association between picture vs. words
Chunking
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Interference theory
8. Decay (or trace) and interference theory
Declarative memory
Flashbulb memories
Forgetting theories
Backward masking
9. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember
George Miller
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
George Sperling
Decay (or trace) theory
10. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM
Declarative memory
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Recognition
Forgetting theories
11. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Eidetic imagery
Declarative memory
Short-term memory
12. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall
Generation-recognition model
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Icon
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
13. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented
Retroactive interference
Episodic memory
Frederick Bartlett
Eidetic imagery
14. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition
Eidetic imagery
LTM not subject to
Interference types
Forgetting theories
15. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning
Interference types
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Decay (or trace) theory
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
16. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects
Free recall
Chunking
Long-term memory
Implicit memory
17. Termed icon for brief visual memory
Recognition
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Ulric Neisser
Paired-associate learning
18. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136
Eidetic imagery
Free-recall learning
Recall task involving order of items on a list
Echoic memory
19. Repeating material to hold in STM
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
Recognition
Working memory
Hermann Ebbinghaus
20. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud
Cued recall
Savings
Zeigarnik effect
Chunking
21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact
Explicit memory
Free-recall learning
Chunking
LTM not subject to
22. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
LTM not subject to
Donald Hebb
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
23. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree
Free-recall learning
Donald Hebb
Backward masking
Icon
24. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Interference types
Savings
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
25. Sensory memory for auditory sensations
Proactive interference
Echoic memory
George Miller
Recall task involving order of items on a list
26. STM capacity of 7±2
Paired-associate learning
Free recall
George Miller
Decay (or trace) theory
27. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test
Free recall
Generation-recognition model
Procedural memory
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
28. General knowledge of the world
Semantic memory
Serial-anticipation learning
Interference types
Ulric Neisser
29. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time
State-dependent memory
Decay (or trace) theory
Chunking
Iconic memory
30. Recall without any cue
Long-term memory
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Free recall
Primacy and recency effects
31. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment
Paired-associate learning
Forgetting theories
Retroactive interference
Working memory
32. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Episodic memory
Association between picture vs. words
Incidental learning
33. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)
Dual code hypothesis
Interference types
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
34. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Zeigarnik effect
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Episodic memory
35. Generate information on their own; cued and free
Dual code hypothesis
State-dependent memory
Recall (+types)
Recognition
36. Sensory - short term - long term
Paired-associate learning
Stages of memory
E.R. Kandel
Savings
37. Knowing how to do something
Procedural memory
Interference theory
Serial-anticipation learning
Encoding specificity principle
38. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony
Elizabeth Loftus
Chunking
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Semantic memory
39. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test
Paired-associate learning
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Cued recall
Savings
40. Knowing a fact
Working memory
E.R. Kandel
Retroactive interference
Declarative memory
41. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning
Free-recall learning
George Miller
Recognition
Incidental learning
42. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.
Backward masking
Eidetic imagery
Free-recall learning
Forgetting curve
43. Primary and recency effects
LTM not subject to
Semantic memory
Icon
Rehearsal (+types)
44. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)
Free-recall learning
Backward masking
Icon
Brenda Milner
45. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
Forgetting curve
Recall (+types)
Semantic memory
46. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another
Working memory
Long-term memory
Paired-associate learning
Donald Hebb
47. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test
Interference types
Allan Paivio
Recognition
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
48. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay
Paired-associate learning
Primacy and recency effects
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Working memory
49. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second
Episodic memory
Encoding specificity principle
Mnemonics
Icon
50. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar
Retroactive interference
Recall (+types)
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Frederick Bartlett