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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Details - events - discrete knowledge






2. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






3. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






4. Termed icon for brief visual memory






5. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






6. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






7. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






8. Recall without any cue






9. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






10. Knowing how to do something






11. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






12. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






13. Knowing a fact






14. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






15. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






16. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






17. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






18. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






19. General knowledge of the world






20. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






21. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






22. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






23. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






24. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






25. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






26. Repeating material to hold in STM






27. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






28. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






29. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






30. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






31. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






32. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






33. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






34. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






35. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






36. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






37. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






38. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






39. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






40. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






41. Dual code hypothesis






42. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






43. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






44. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






45. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






46. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






47. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






48. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






49. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






50. STM capacity of 7±2