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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Generate information on their own; cued and free






2. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






3. Knowing a fact






4. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






5. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






6. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






7. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






8. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






9. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






10. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






11. Knowing how to do something






12. Primary and recency effects






13. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






14. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






15. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






16. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






17. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






18. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






19. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






20. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






21. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






22. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






23. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






24. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






25. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






26. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






27. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






28. On the verge of retrieval






29. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






30. Recall without any cue






31. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






32. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






33. Sensory - short term - long term






34. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






35. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






36. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






37. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






38. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






39. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






40. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






41. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






42. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






43. General knowledge of the world






44. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






45. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






46. Details - events - discrete knowledge






47. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






48. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






49. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






50. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree