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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






2. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






3. Sensory - short term - long term






4. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






5. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






6. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






7. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






8. Primary and recency effects






9. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






10. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






11. Termed icon for brief visual memory






12. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






13. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






14. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






15. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






16. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






17. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






18. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






19. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






20. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






21. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






22. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






23. Dual code hypothesis






24. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






25. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






26. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






27. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






28. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






29. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






30. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






31. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






32. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






33. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






34. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






35. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






36. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






37. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






38. On the verge of retrieval






39. General knowledge of the world






40. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






41. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






42. STM capacity of 7±2






43. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






44. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






45. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






46. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






47. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






48. Repeating material to hold in STM






49. Knowing how to do something






50. Recall without any cue