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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Memory
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sensory memory for auditory sensations
George Sperling
Interference theory
Echoic memory
Association between picture vs. words
2. Dual code hypothesis
Primacy and recency effects
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Rehearsal (+types)
Allan Paivio
3. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones
Flashbulb memories
Semantic memory
Recall task involving order of items on a list
George Miller
4. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second
Icon
LTM not subject to
Savings
Encoding specificity principle
5. Grouping items can increase STM capacity
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
Chunking
Sensory memory (+types)
Forgetting theories
6. Decay (or trace) and interference theory
Forgetting theories
Primacy and recency effects
Explicit memory
Recall (+types)
7. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased
Backward masking
Interference types
George Miller
Cued recall
8. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory
Dual code hypothesis
Recall (+types)
Allan Paivio
E.R. Kandel
9. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word
Savings
Paired-associate learning
Interference theory
Eidetic imagery
10. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural
Iconic memory
Echoic memory
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Eidetic imagery
11. Termed icon for brief visual memory
Ulric Neisser
Generation-recognition model
Interference types
Serial-anticipation learning
12. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment
Eidetic imagery
Working memory
George Sperling
Donald Hebb
13. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage
Paired-associate learning
Encoding specificity principle
Tachistoscope
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
14. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time
Retroactive interference
Tachistoscope
Decay (or trace) theory
Short-term memory
15. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition
Serial-anticipation learning
Short-term memory
Stages of memory
Interference types
16. Knowing a fact
LTM not subject to
Declarative memory
Allan Paivio
Semantic memory
17. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Decay (or trace) theory
Clustering
Procedural memory
18. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning
Incidental learning
Forgetting theories
Brenda Milner
Ulric Neisser
19. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test
Allan Paivio
Generation-recognition model
Clustering
Hermann Ebbinghaus
20. Details - events - discrete knowledge
Primacy and recency effects
Frederick Bartlett
Episodic memory
Recognition
21. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)
Dual code hypothesis
Recall (+types)
Rehearsal (+types)
Mnemonics
22. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar
Chunking
Implicit memory
Frederick Bartlett
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
23. STM capacity of 7±2
Interference theory
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Clustering
George Miller
24. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall
Sensory memory (+types)
Rehearsal (+types)
Donald Hebb
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
25. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test
Eidetic imagery
Serial learning/recall (memory effects)
Retroactive interference
Cued recall
26. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Encoding specificity principle
State-dependent memory
Paired-associate learning
27. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.
Free-recall learning
Recall task involving order of items on a list
Elizabeth Loftus
Recognition
28. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time
Savings
Interference theory
Recall (+types)
Dual code hypothesis
29. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory
Chunking
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Sensory memory (+types)
Savings
30. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Generation-recognition model
Iconic memory
Donald Hebb
Rehearsal (+types)
31. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)
Mnemonics
Savings
Recall (+types)
Iconic memory
32. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember
Cued recall
Procedural memory
Sensory memory (+types)
George Sperling
33. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did
Primacy and recency effects
Interference types
Implicit memory
Chunking
34. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject
Serial-anticipation learning
Tachistoscope
Dual code hypothesis
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
35. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables
Forgetting curve
George Miller
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Long-term memory
36. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM
Paired-associate learning
Serial-anticipation learning
Secondary (elaborative) rehearsal
Forgetting curve
37. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test
Retroactive interference
Recognition
Elizabeth Loftus
Tachistoscope
38. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented
Declarative memory
Retroactive interference
Proactive interference
Rehearsal (+types)
39. Sensory - short term - long term
Allan Paivio
Echoic memory
Stages of memory
Retroactive interference
40. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay
Icon
Recall task involving order of items on a list
Semantic memory
Primacy and recency effects
41. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)
Retroactive interference
E.R. Kandel
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Interference theory
42. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact
Factors that make a list easier to learn and retrieve
Chunking
Encoding specificity principle
Explicit memory
43. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Recall (+types)
Dual code hypothesis
Karl Lashley
44. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Association between picture vs. words
Paired-associate learning
Allan Paivio
45. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)
Tachistoscope
Brenda Milner
Decay (or trace) theory
Elizabeth Loftus
46. Repeating material to hold in STM
Working memory
Interference theory
Donald Hebb
Primary (maintenance) rehearsal
47. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time
Serial-anticipation learning
Declarative memory
Short-term memory
Tachistoscope
48. Primary and recency effects
LTM not subject to
Retroactive interference
Clustering
Declarative memory
49. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning
Forgetting theories
Types of verbal learning and memory tasks
Dual code hypothesis
George Sperling
50. Knowing how to do something
Icon
Procedural memory
Recognition
Ulric Neisser