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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






2. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






3. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






4. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






5. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






6. Sensory - short term - long term






7. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






8. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






9. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






10. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






11. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






12. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






13. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






14. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






15. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






16. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






17. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






18. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






19. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






20. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






21. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






22. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






23. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






24. On the verge of retrieval






25. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






26. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






27. Repeating material to hold in STM






28. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






29. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






30. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






31. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






32. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






33. Termed icon for brief visual memory






34. Recall without any cue






35. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






36. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






37. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






38. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






39. Knowing a fact






40. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






41. General knowledge of the world






42. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






43. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






44. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






45. Knowing how to do something






46. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






47. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






48. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






49. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






50. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test