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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






2. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






3. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






4. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






5. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






6. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






7. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






8. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






9. Details - events - discrete knowledge






10. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






11. Recall without any cue






12. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






13. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






14. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






15. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






16. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






17. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






18. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






19. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






20. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






21. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






22. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






23. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






24. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






25. Termed icon for brief visual memory






26. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






27. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






28. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






29. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






30. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






31. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






32. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






33. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






34. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






35. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






36. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






37. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






38. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






39. On the verge of retrieval






40. Generate information on their own; cued and free






41. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






42. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






43. General knowledge of the world






44. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






45. STM capacity of 7±2






46. Knowing how to do something






47. Sensory - short term - long term






48. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






49. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






50. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented