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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. On the verge of retrieval






2. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






3. Knowing a fact






4. Termed icon for brief visual memory






5. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






6. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






7. Dual code hypothesis






8. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






9. Knowing how to do something






10. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






11. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






12. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






13. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






14. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






15. Sensory - short term - long term






16. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






17. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






18. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






19. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






20. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






21. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






22. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






23. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






24. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






25. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






26. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






27. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






28. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






29. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






30. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






31. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






32. General knowledge of the world






33. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






34. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






35. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






36. Details - events - discrete knowledge






37. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






38. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






39. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






40. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






41. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






42. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






43. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






44. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






45. Repeating material to hold in STM






46. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






47. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






48. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






49. Primary and recency effects






50. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects