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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






2. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






3. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






4. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






5. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






6. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






7. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






8. Knowing a fact






9. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






10. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






11. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






12. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






13. Knowing how to do something






14. Details - events - discrete knowledge






15. Sensory - short term - long term






16. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






17. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






18. Primary and recency effects






19. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






20. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






21. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






22. Dual code hypothesis






23. General knowledge of the world






24. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






25. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






26. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






27. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






28. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






29. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






30. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






31. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






32. Repeating material to hold in STM






33. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






34. Generate information on their own; cued and free






35. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






36. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






37. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






38. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






39. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






40. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






41. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






42. Recall without any cue






43. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






44. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






45. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






46. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






47. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






48. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






49. STM capacity of 7±2






50. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory