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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






2. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






3. STM capacity of 7±2






4. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






5. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






6. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






7. Details - events - discrete knowledge






8. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






9. Knowing how to do something






10. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






11. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






12. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






13. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






14. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






15. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






16. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






17. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






18. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






19. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






20. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






21. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






22. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






23. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






24. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






25. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






26. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






27. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






28. Sensory - short term - long term






29. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






30. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






31. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






32. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






33. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






34. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






35. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






36. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






37. Termed icon for brief visual memory






38. Dual code hypothesis






39. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






40. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






41. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






42. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






43. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






44. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






45. On the verge of retrieval






46. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






47. Recall without any cue






48. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






49. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






50. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM