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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






2. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






3. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






4. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






5. Repeating material to hold in STM






6. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






7. STM capacity of 7±2






8. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






9. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






10. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






11. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






12. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






13. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






14. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






15. Primary and recency effects






16. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






17. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






18. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






19. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






20. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






21. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






22. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






23. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






24. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






25. Knowing a fact






26. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






27. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






28. Termed icon for brief visual memory






29. Knowing how to do something






30. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






31. Details - events - discrete knowledge






32. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






33. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






34. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






35. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






36. Sensory - short term - long term






37. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






38. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






39. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






40. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






41. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






42. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






43. Recall without any cue






44. General knowledge of the world






45. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






46. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






47. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






48. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






49. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






50. Generate information on their own; cued and free