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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






2. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






3. Generate information on their own; cued and free






4. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






5. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






6. Repeating material to hold in STM






7. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






8. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






9. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






10. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






11. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






12. Knowing a fact






13. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






14. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






15. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






16. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






17. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






18. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






19. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






20. Details - events - discrete knowledge






21. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






22. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






23. On the verge of retrieval






24. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






25. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






26. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






27. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






28. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






29. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






30. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






31. Sensory - short term - long term






32. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






33. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






34. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






35. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






36. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






37. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






38. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






39. Knowing how to do something






40. Primary and recency effects






41. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






42. Termed icon for brief visual memory






43. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






44. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






45. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






46. STM capacity of 7±2






47. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






48. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






49. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






50. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables