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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






2. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






3. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






4. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






5. Knowing a fact






6. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






7. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






8. General knowledge of the world






9. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






10. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






11. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






12. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






13. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






14. Sensory - short term - long term






15. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






16. Termed icon for brief visual memory






17. On the verge of retrieval






18. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






19. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






20. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






21. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






22. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






23. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






24. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






25. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






26. Primary and recency effects






27. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






28. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






29. Knowing how to do something






30. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






31. Recall without any cue






32. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






33. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






34. Generate information on their own; cued and free






35. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






36. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






37. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






38. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






39. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






40. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






41. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






42. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






43. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






44. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






45. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






46. Details - events - discrete knowledge






47. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






48. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






49. STM capacity of 7±2






50. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time