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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






2. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






3. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






4. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






5. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






6. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






7. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






8. STM capacity of 7±2






9. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






10. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






11. Details - events - discrete knowledge






12. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






13. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






14. Knowing a fact






15. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






16. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






17. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






18. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






19. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






20. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






21. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






22. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






23. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






24. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






25. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






26. Knowing how to do something






27. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






28. On the verge of retrieval






29. Generate information on their own; cued and free






30. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






31. Recall without any cue






32. Sensory - short term - long term






33. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






34. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






35. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






36. General knowledge of the world






37. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






38. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






39. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






40. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






41. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






42. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






43. Termed icon for brief visual memory






44. Dual code hypothesis






45. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






46. Primary and recency effects






47. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






48. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






49. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






50. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)