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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






2. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






3. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






4. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






5. Termed icon for brief visual memory






6. Generate information on their own; cued and free






7. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






8. Knowing a fact






9. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






10. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






11. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






12. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






13. On the verge of retrieval






14. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






15. STM capacity of 7±2






16. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






17. General knowledge of the world






18. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






19. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






20. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






21. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






22. Details - events - discrete knowledge






23. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






24. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






25. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






26. Knowing how to do something






27. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






28. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






29. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






30. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






31. Sensory - short term - long term






32. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






33. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






34. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






35. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






36. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






37. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






38. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






39. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






40. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






41. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






42. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






43. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






44. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






45. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






46. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






47. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






48. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






49. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






50. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall