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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






2. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






3. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






4. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






5. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






6. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






7. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






8. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






9. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






10. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






11. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






12. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






13. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






14. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






15. General knowledge of the world






16. Primary and recency effects






17. STM capacity of 7±2






18. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






19. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






20. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






22. Knowing a fact






23. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






24. Dual code hypothesis






25. Knowing how to do something






26. Repeating material to hold in STM






27. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






28. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






29. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






30. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






31. Sensory - short term - long term






32. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






33. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






34. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






35. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






36. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






37. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






38. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






39. Generate information on their own; cued and free






40. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






41. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






42. Termed icon for brief visual memory






43. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






44. On the verge of retrieval






45. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






46. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






47. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






48. Details - events - discrete knowledge






49. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






50. Grouping items can increase STM capacity