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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






2. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






3. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






4. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






5. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






6. Details - events - discrete knowledge






7. Dual code hypothesis






8. Knowing a fact






9. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






10. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






11. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






12. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






13. Repeating material to hold in STM






14. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






15. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






16. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






17. General knowledge of the world






18. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






19. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






20. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






21. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






22. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






23. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






24. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






25. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






26. STM capacity of 7±2






27. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






28. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






29. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






30. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






31. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






32. Termed icon for brief visual memory






33. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






34. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






35. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






36. Sensory - short term - long term






37. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






38. On the verge of retrieval






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






41. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






42. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






43. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






44. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






45. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






46. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






47. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






48. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






49. Generate information on their own; cued and free






50. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay