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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






2. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






3. STM capacity of 7±2






4. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






5. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






6. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






7. Sensory - short term - long term






8. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






9. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






10. Repeating material to hold in STM






11. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






12. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






13. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






14. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






15. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






16. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






17. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






18. Generate information on their own; cued and free






19. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






20. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






21. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






22. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






23. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






24. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






25. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






26. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






27. Knowing how to do something






28. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






29. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






30. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






31. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






32. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






33. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






34. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






35. Recall without any cue






36. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






37. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






38. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






39. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






40. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






41. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






42. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






43. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






44. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






45. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






46. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






47. Knowing a fact






48. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






49. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






50. Termed icon for brief visual memory