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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






2. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






3. Primary and recency effects






4. STM capacity of 7±2






5. General knowledge of the world






6. Recall without any cue






7. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






8. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






9. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






10. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






11. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






12. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






13. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






14. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






15. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






16. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






17. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






18. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






19. On the verge of retrieval






20. Details - events - discrete knowledge






21. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






22. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






23. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






24. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






25. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






26. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






27. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






28. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






29. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






30. Knowing a fact






31. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






32. Repeating material to hold in STM






33. Sensory - short term - long term






34. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






35. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






36. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






37. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






38. Knowing how to do something






39. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






40. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






41. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






42. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






43. Dual code hypothesis






44. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






45. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






46. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






47. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






48. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






49. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






50. Grouping items can increase STM capacity