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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






2. Recall without any cue






3. Knowing how to do something






4. Sensory - short term - long term






5. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






6. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






7. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






8. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






9. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






10. Generate information on their own; cued and free






11. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






12. Repeating material to hold in STM






13. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






14. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






15. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






16. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






17. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






18. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






19. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






20. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






21. On the verge of retrieval






22. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






23. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






24. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






25. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






26. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






27. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






28. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






29. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






30. Knowing a fact






31. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






32. Primary and recency effects






33. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






34. Termed icon for brief visual memory






35. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






36. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






37. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






38. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






39. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






40. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






41. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






42. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






43. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






44. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






45. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






46. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






47. STM capacity of 7±2






48. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






49. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






50. Grouping items can increase STM capacity