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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






2. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






3. Details - events - discrete knowledge






4. Primary and recency effects






5. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






6. General knowledge of the world






7. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






8. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






9. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






10. Knowing how to do something






11. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






12. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






13. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






14. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






15. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






16. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






17. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






18. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






19. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






20. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






21. Recall without any cue






22. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






23. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






24. STM capacity of 7±2






25. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






26. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






27. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






28. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






29. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






30. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






31. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






32. Dual code hypothesis






33. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






34. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






35. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






36. Knowing a fact






37. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






38. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






39. Sensory - short term - long term






40. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






41. On the verge of retrieval






42. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






43. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






44. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






45. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






46. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






47. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






48. Termed icon for brief visual memory






49. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






50. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments