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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






2. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






3. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






4. Recall without any cue






5. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






6. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






7. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






8. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






9. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






10. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






11. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






12. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






13. Termed icon for brief visual memory






14. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






15. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






16. Primary and recency effects






17. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






18. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






19. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






20. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






21. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






22. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






23. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






24. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






25. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






26. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






27. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






28. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






29. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






30. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






31. General knowledge of the world






32. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






33. On the verge of retrieval






34. Knowing a fact






35. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






36. STM capacity of 7±2






37. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






38. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






39. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






40. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






41. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






42. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






43. Generate information on their own; cued and free






44. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






45. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






46. Knowing how to do something






47. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






48. Details - events - discrete knowledge






49. Dual code hypothesis






50. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables