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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






2. General knowledge of the world






3. Knowing a fact






4. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






5. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






6. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






7. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






8. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






9. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






10. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






11. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






12. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






13. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






14. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






15. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






16. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






17. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






18. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






19. Generate information on their own; cued and free






20. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






21. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






22. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






23. On the verge of retrieval






24. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






25. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






26. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






27. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






28. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






29. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






30. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






31. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






32. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






33. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






34. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






35. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






36. Knowing how to do something






37. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






38. Repeating material to hold in STM






39. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






40. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






41. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






42. Recall without any cue






43. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






44. STM capacity of 7±2






45. Details - events - discrete knowledge






46. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






47. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






48. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






49. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






50. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)