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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Knowing how to do something






2. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






3. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






4. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






5. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






6. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






7. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






8. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






9. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






10. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






11. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






12. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






13. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






14. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






15. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






16. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






17. Knowing a fact






18. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






19. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






20. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






21. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






22. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






23. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






24. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






25. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






26. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






27. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






28. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






29. Recall without any cue






30. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






31. Termed icon for brief visual memory






32. Repeating material to hold in STM






33. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






34. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






35. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






36. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






37. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






38. STM capacity of 7±2






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. Primary and recency effects






41. General knowledge of the world






42. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






43. On the verge of retrieval






44. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






45. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






46. Details - events - discrete knowledge






47. Generate information on their own; cued and free






48. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






49. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






50. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented