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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






2. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






3. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






4. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






5. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






6. Recall without any cue






7. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






8. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






9. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






10. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






11. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






12. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






13. Dual code hypothesis






14. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






15. Sensory - short term - long term






16. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






17. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






18. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






19. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






20. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






21. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






22. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






23. Repeating material to hold in STM






24. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






25. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






26. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






27. STM capacity of 7±2






28. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






29. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






30. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






31. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






32. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






33. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






34. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






35. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






36. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






37. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






38. On the verge of retrieval






39. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






40. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






41. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






42. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






43. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






44. General knowledge of the world






45. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






46. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






47. Knowing a fact






48. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






49. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






50. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did