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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






2. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






3. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






4. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






5. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






6. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






7. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






8. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






9. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






10. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






11. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






12. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






13. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






14. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






15. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






16. STM capacity of 7±2






17. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






18. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






19. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






20. Generate information on their own; cued and free






21. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






22. General knowledge of the world






23. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






24. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






25. Termed icon for brief visual memory






26. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






27. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






28. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






29. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






30. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






31. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






32. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






33. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






34. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






35. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






36. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






37. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






38. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






39. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






40. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






41. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






42. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






43. Primary and recency effects






44. Repeating material to hold in STM






45. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






46. On the verge of retrieval






47. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






48. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






49. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






50. Sensory - short term - long term