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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






2. Details - events - discrete knowledge






3. Knowing how to do something






4. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






5. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






6. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






7. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






8. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






9. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






10. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






11. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






12. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






13. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






14. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






15. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






16. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






17. STM capacity of 7±2






18. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






19. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






20. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






21. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






22. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






23. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






24. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






25. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






26. Dual code hypothesis






27. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






28. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






29. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






30. Primary and recency effects






31. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






32. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






33. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






34. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






35. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






36. Recall without any cue






37. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






38. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






39. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






40. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






41. Termed icon for brief visual memory






42. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






43. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






44. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






45. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






46. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






47. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






48. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






49. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






50. Knowing a fact







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