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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






2. Details - events - discrete knowledge






3. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






4. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






5. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






6. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






7. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






8. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






9. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






10. Repeating material to hold in STM






11. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






12. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






13. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






14. Recall without any cue






15. On the verge of retrieval






16. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






17. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






18. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






19. Termed icon for brief visual memory






20. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






21. Knowing how to do something






22. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






23. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






24. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






25. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






26. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






27. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






28. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






29. General knowledge of the world






30. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






31. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






32. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






33. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






34. Primary and recency effects






35. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






36. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






37. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






38. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






39. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






40. Knowing a fact






41. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






42. Dual code hypothesis






43. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






44. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






45. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






46. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






47. STM capacity of 7±2






48. Sensory - short term - long term






49. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






50. Generate information on their own; cued and free