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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sensory - short term - long term






2. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






3. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






4. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






5. Generate information on their own; cued and free






6. Recall without any cue






7. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






8. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






9. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






10. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






11. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






12. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






13. STM capacity of 7±2






14. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






15. Dual code hypothesis






16. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






17. Details - events - discrete knowledge






18. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






19. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






20. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






21. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






22. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






23. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






24. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






25. Termed icon for brief visual memory






26. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






27. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






28. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






29. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






30. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






31. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






32. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






33. On the verge of retrieval






34. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






35. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






36. General knowledge of the world






37. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






38. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






39. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






40. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






41. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






42. Primary and recency effects






43. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






44. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






45. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






46. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






47. Knowing how to do something






48. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






49. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






50. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)