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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






2. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






3. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






4. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






5. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






6. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






7. Repeating material to hold in STM






8. General knowledge of the world






9. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






10. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






11. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






12. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






13. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






14. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






15. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






16. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






17. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






18. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






19. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






20. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






21. Knowing a fact






22. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






23. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






24. STM capacity of 7±2






25. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






26. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






27. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






28. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






29. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






30. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






31. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






32. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






33. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






34. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






35. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






36. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






37. Termed icon for brief visual memory






38. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






41. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






42. Dual code hypothesis






43. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






44. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






45. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






46. Knowing how to do something






47. Sensory - short term - long term






48. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






49. Recall without any cue






50. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject