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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






2. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






3. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






4. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






5. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






6. Details - events - discrete knowledge






7. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






8. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






9. Recall without any cue






10. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






11. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






12. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






13. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






14. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






15. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






16. STM capacity of 7±2






17. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






18. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






19. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






20. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






21. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






22. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






23. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






24. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






25. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






26. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






27. Generate information on their own; cued and free






28. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






29. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






30. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






31. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






32. Termed icon for brief visual memory






33. Dual code hypothesis






34. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






35. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






36. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






37. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






38. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






39. Sensory - short term - long term






40. General knowledge of the world






41. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






42. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






43. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






44. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






45. Knowing how to do something






46. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






47. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






48. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






49. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






50. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.