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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






2. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






3. Knowing how to do something






4. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






5. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






6. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






7. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






8. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






9. Generate information on their own; cued and free






10. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






11. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






12. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






13. On the verge of retrieval






14. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






15. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






16. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






17. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






18. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






19. Dual code hypothesis






20. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






21. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






22. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






23. Primary and recency effects






24. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






25. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






26. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






27. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






28. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






29. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






30. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






31. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






32. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






33. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






34. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






35. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






36. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






37. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






38. General knowledge of the world






39. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






40. STM capacity of 7±2






41. Repeating material to hold in STM






42. Termed icon for brief visual memory






43. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






44. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






45. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






46. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






47. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






48. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






49. Sensory - short term - long term






50. Knowing a fact