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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






2. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






3. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






4. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






5. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






6. Termed icon for brief visual memory






7. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






8. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






9. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






10. Knowing a fact






11. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






12. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






13. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






14. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






15. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






16. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






17. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






18. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






19. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






20. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






21. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






22. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






23. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






24. Primary and recency effects






25. Details - events - discrete knowledge






26. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






27. STM capacity of 7±2






28. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






29. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






30. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






31. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






32. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






33. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






34. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






35. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






36. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






37. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






38. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






39. Sensory - short term - long term






40. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






41. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






42. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






43. Generate information on their own; cued and free






44. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






45. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






46. Knowing how to do something






47. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






48. Dual code hypothesis






49. Repeating material to hold in STM






50. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM