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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. STM capacity of 7±2






2. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






3. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






4. Generate information on their own; cued and free






5. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






6. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






7. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






8. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






9. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






10. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






11. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






12. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






13. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






14. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






15. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






16. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






17. Primary and recency effects






18. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






19. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






20. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






21. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






22. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






23. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






24. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






25. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






26. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






27. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






28. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






29. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






30. Recall without any cue






31. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






32. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






33. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






34. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






35. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






36. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






37. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






38. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






39. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






40. Repeating material to hold in STM






41. Details - events - discrete knowledge






42. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






43. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






44. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






45. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






46. Termed icon for brief visual memory






47. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






48. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






49. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






50. General knowledge of the world