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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






2. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






3. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






4. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






5. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






6. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






7. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






8. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






9. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






10. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






11. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






12. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






13. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






14. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






15. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






16. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






17. Termed icon for brief visual memory






18. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






19. Repeating material to hold in STM






20. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






22. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






23. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






24. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






25. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






26. STM capacity of 7±2






27. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






28. General knowledge of the world






29. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






30. Recall without any cue






31. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






32. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






33. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






34. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






35. Generate information on their own; cued and free






36. Sensory - short term - long term






37. Knowing how to do something






38. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






39. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






40. Knowing a fact






41. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






42. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






43. Primary and recency effects






44. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






45. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






46. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






47. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






48. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






49. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






50. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar