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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Termed icon for brief visual memory






2. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






3. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






4. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






5. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






6. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






7. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






8. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






9. Sensory - short term - long term






10. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






11. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






12. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






13. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






14. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






15. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






16. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






17. Recall without any cue






18. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






19. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






20. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






21. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






22. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






23. Dual code hypothesis






24. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






25. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






26. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






27. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






28. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






29. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






30. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






31. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






32. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






33. Repeating material to hold in STM






34. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






35. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






36. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






37. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






38. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






39. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






40. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






41. STM capacity of 7±2






42. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






43. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






44. Details - events - discrete knowledge






45. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






46. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






47. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






48. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






49. Knowing how to do something






50. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)