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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






2. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






3. Knowing a fact






4. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






5. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






6. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






7. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






8. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






9. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






10. Details - events - discrete knowledge






11. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






12. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






13. Recall without any cue






14. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






15. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






16. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






17. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






18. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






19. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






20. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






21. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






22. Repeating material to hold in STM






23. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






24. Knowing how to do something






25. Sensory - short term - long term






26. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






27. Generate information on their own; cued and free






28. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






29. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






30. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






31. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






32. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






33. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






34. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






35. STM capacity of 7±2






36. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






37. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






38. General knowledge of the world






39. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






40. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






41. Termed icon for brief visual memory






42. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






43. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






44. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






45. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






46. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






47. On the verge of retrieval






48. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






49. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






50. Primary and recency effects