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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






2. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






3. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






4. Termed icon for brief visual memory






5. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






6. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






7. Recall without any cue






8. Primary and recency effects






9. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






10. Details - events - discrete knowledge






11. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






12. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






13. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






14. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






15. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






16. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






17. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






18. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






19. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






20. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






22. General knowledge of the world






23. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






24. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






25. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






26. Sensory - short term - long term






27. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






28. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






29. Knowing a fact






30. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






31. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






32. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






33. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






34. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






35. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






36. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






37. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






38. Generate information on their own; cued and free






39. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






40. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






41. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






42. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






43. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






44. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






45. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






46. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






47. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






48. Dual code hypothesis






49. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






50. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol