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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






2. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






3. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






4. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






5. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






6. Knowing a fact






7. Sensory - short term - long term






8. STM capacity of 7±2






9. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






10. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






11. Repeating material to hold in STM






12. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






13. Primary and recency effects






14. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






15. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






16. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






17. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






18. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






19. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






20. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






21. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






22. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






23. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






24. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






25. Generate information on their own; cued and free






26. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






27. General knowledge of the world






28. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






29. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






30. Knowing how to do something






31. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






32. On the verge of retrieval






33. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






34. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






35. Recall without any cue






36. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






37. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






38. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






39. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






40. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






41. Details - events - discrete knowledge






42. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






43. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






44. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






45. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






46. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






47. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






48. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






49. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






50. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made