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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Termed icon for brief visual memory






2. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






3. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






4. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






5. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






6. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






7. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






8. Generate information on their own; cued and free






9. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






10. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






11. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






12. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






13. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






14. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






15. Sensory - short term - long term






16. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






17. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






18. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






19. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






20. General knowledge of the world






21. Dual code hypothesis






22. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






23. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






24. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






25. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






26. Knowing how to do something






27. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






28. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






29. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






30. Repeating material to hold in STM






31. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






32. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






33. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






34. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






35. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






36. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






37. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






38. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






41. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






42. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






43. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






44. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






45. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






46. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






47. Details - events - discrete knowledge






48. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






49. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






50. Decay (or trace) and interference theory