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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






2. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






3. Knowing how to do something






4. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






5. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






6. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






7. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






8. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






9. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






10. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






11. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






12. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






13. Knowing a fact






14. Repeating material to hold in STM






15. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






16. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






17. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






18. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






19. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






20. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






21. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






22. Sensory - short term - long term






23. On the verge of retrieval






24. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






25. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






26. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






27. Generate information on their own; cued and free






28. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






29. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






30. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






31. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






32. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






33. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






34. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






35. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






36. Recall without any cue






37. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






38. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






39. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






40. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






41. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






42. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






43. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






44. General knowledge of the world






45. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






46. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






47. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






48. Termed icon for brief visual memory






49. Dual code hypothesis






50. Sensory memory for auditory sensations