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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






2. Details - events - discrete knowledge






3. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






4. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






5. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






6. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






7. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






8. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






9. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






10. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






11. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






12. On the verge of retrieval






13. Recall without any cue






14. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






15. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






16. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






17. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






18. STM capacity of 7±2






19. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






20. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






21. Termed icon for brief visual memory






22. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






23. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






24. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






25. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






26. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






27. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






28. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






29. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






30. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






31. Knowing a fact






32. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






33. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






34. Primary and recency effects






35. Repeating material to hold in STM






36. Dual code hypothesis






37. General knowledge of the world






38. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






39. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






40. Knowing how to do something






41. Generate information on their own; cued and free






42. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






43. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






44. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






45. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






46. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






47. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






48. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






49. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






50. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM