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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






2. General knowledge of the world






3. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






4. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






5. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






6. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






7. Generate information on their own; cued and free






8. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






9. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






10. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






11. Details - events - discrete knowledge






12. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






13. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






14. Sensory - short term - long term






15. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






16. Repeating material to hold in STM






17. Primary and recency effects






18. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






19. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






20. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






21. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






22. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






23. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






24. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






25. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






26. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






27. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






28. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






29. On the verge of retrieval






30. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






31. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






32. Dual code hypothesis






33. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






34. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






35. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






36. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






37. STM capacity of 7±2






38. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






39. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






40. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






41. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






42. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






43. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






44. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






45. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






46. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






47. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






48. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






49. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






50. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar