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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






2. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






3. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






4. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






5. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






6. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






7. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






8. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






9. Recall without any cue






10. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






11. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






12. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






13. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






14. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






15. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






16. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






17. Generate information on their own; cued and free






18. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






19. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






20. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






21. Knowing a fact






22. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






23. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






24. Details - events - discrete knowledge






25. Repeating material to hold in STM






26. Sensory - short term - long term






27. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






28. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






29. Primary and recency effects






30. Termed icon for brief visual memory






31. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






32. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






33. Knowing how to do something






34. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






35. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






36. Dual code hypothesis






37. STM capacity of 7±2






38. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






39. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






40. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






41. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






42. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






43. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






44. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






45. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






46. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






47. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






48. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






49. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






50. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down