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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






2. Dual code hypothesis






3. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






4. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






5. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






6. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






7. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






8. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






9. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






10. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






11. Termed icon for brief visual memory






12. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






13. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






14. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






15. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






16. Knowing a fact






17. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






18. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






19. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






20. Details - events - discrete knowledge






21. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






22. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






23. STM capacity of 7±2






24. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






25. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






26. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






27. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






28. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






29. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






30. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






31. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






32. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






33. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






34. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






35. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






36. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






37. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






38. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






39. Sensory - short term - long term






40. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






41. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






42. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






43. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






44. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






45. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






46. Repeating material to hold in STM






47. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






48. Primary and recency effects






49. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






50. Knowing how to do something