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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Knowing a fact






2. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






3. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






4. Recall without any cue






5. Primary and recency effects






6. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






7. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






8. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






9. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






10. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






11. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






12. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






13. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






14. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






15. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






16. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






17. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






18. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






19. Repeating material to hold in STM






20. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






21. Termed icon for brief visual memory






22. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






23. Dual code hypothesis






24. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






25. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






26. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






27. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






28. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






29. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






30. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






31. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






32. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






33. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






34. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






35. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






36. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






37. On the verge of retrieval






38. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






39. General knowledge of the world






40. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






41. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






42. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






43. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






44. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






45. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






46. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






47. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






48. Details - events - discrete knowledge






49. Knowing how to do something






50. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented







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