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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






2. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






3. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






4. Grouping items can increase STM capacity






5. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






6. Subjects more easily state the order of two items far apart on the list than two items close together - Comparing 7 & 597 vs. comparing 133 vs. 136






7. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






8. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






9. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






10. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






11. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






12. General knowledge of the world






13. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






14. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






15. Termed icon for brief visual memory






16. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






17. Sensory - short term - long term






18. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






19. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






20. A list of items is learned - and then must be recalled in any order with no cue.






21. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






22. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






23. Knowing a fact






24. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






25. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






26. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






27. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






28. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






29. Generate information on their own; cued and free






30. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






31. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






32. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






33. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






34. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






35. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






36. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






37. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






38. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






39. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






40. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






41. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






42. Details - events - discrete knowledge






43. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






44. Primary and recency effects






45. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






46. Forgetting curve; lists of nonsense syllables to study STM






47. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






48. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






49. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






50. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects