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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dual code hypothesis






2. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






3. General knowledge of the world






4. Retrieval is better if in the same emotional or physical state as encoding - depressed individuals cannot easily recall happy memories - alcoholics often remember details of their last drinking session only when under the influence of alcohol






5. Sensory - short term - long term






6. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






7. Memory of traumatic events altered by event and by the phrasing of questions (e.g. 'how fast were the cars going when they crashed' vs 'what was the rate of the cars upon impact'); relevant in law-psychology such as witness testimony






8. Recollections that seem burned into memory - especially traumatic ones






9. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






10. Anything one might recall is easily recognized - multiple-choice test is easier than essay test






11. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






12. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






13. Repeating material to hold in STM






14. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






15. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






16. Generate information on their own; cued and free






17. Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it - such as knowing a fact






18. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






19. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






20. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






21. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






22. Details - events - discrete knowledge






23. Termed icon for brief visual memory






24. Instrument used to present visual material (words/images) to subjects for a fraction of a second - in cognitive or memory experiments






25. On the verge of retrieval






26. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






27. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






28. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






29. Knowing a fact






30. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






31. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






32. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






33. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






34. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






35. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






36. Knowing how to do something






37. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar






38. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






39. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






40. Patient 'HM' lesion of hippocampus - remembered things before surgery - STM intact - but could not store new LTMs (anterograde amnesia)






41. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






42. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






43. Forgetting theory - memories fade with time






44. Used when studying foreign languages - we pair that language word with English word






45. Primary and recency effects






46. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






47. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






48. Coined by Neisser - --> brief visual memory that lasts about one second






49. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






50. Recall without any cue