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GRE Psychology: Memory

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Details - events - discrete knowledge






2. Dual code hypothesis






3. Learned and recalled in order; primacy and recency effects; serial-position U-curve demonstrates savings






4. Knowing how to do something






5. Acoustic dissimilarity - semantic dissimilarity - brevity - familiarity - concreteness - meaning - importance to subject






6. Allan Paivio - items better remembered if encoded both visually and semantically (icons/images+understanding)






7. Tendency to recall pursued but incomplete tasks better than completed ones - Students who suspend their study - during which they do unrelated activities (such as studying unrelated subjects or playing games) - will remember material better than stud






8. Capable of permanent retention - most learned semantically for meaning - measured by recognition - recall - and savings - Subject to encoding specificity principle - but not primacy/recency effects






9. Similar to serial learning but asked to recall one item at a time






10. When subjects are exposed to bright flash or new pattern before the iconic image fades - the 1st image will be erased






11. The way behaviourists explain memory; one item learned with - then cues the recall of - another






12. Iconic memory people could see more than they can remember






13. Generate information on their own; cued and free






14. Last seconds - connects perception and memory - includes iconic and echoic memory






15. Temporary - seconds or minutes - largely auditory - items coded phonologically - 7+/- 2 capacity - chunking - subjective to interference and inhibition






16. Sperling - sensory memory for vision - people could see more than they can remember - a partial report in an experiment involving random letters showed people forgot other letters by the time they wrote first ones down






17. Decay (or trace) and interference theory






18. Recall begins with task Ex: fill-in-the-blank' test






19. Sensory - short term - long term






20. General knowledge of the world






21. The first and last few items learned are easiest to remember. first items are due to the benefit of most rehearsal and exposure. last item is easy to remember because there has been less time for decay






22. LTM is subject to...material is easier to be remembered if retrieved in same context as learning/storage






23. Knowing something without being aware of knowing it 'HM' --> cannot remember anything he did






24. Learning and recall depend on depth of processing; from most superficial phonological (pronunciation) to deep semantic level - the deeper the easier to learn and recall






25. Organizing and understanding material to transfer to LTM






26. Key to transferring items to LTM; primary (maintenance) rehearsal - secondary (elaborative) rehearsal






27. Forgetting theory - competing information blocks retrieval (study: memorize list - one group sleeps while other group solves riddles for same amount of time - slept is likelier to remember more)






28. Memory cues that aid learning and recall (e.g. OCEAN for the Big Five factors of personality...)






29. Measured through presenting subjects with items they are not supposed to try to memorize - then test for learning






30. Disrupting information that was learned prior to new items were presented






31. It takes longer to make association between pictures than between words --> Pictures must be mentally put into words before associations can be made






32. Sensory memory for auditory sensations






33. Measures how much info remains in LTM (information retention) by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time






34. Proactive interference causes proactive inhibition - retroactive interference causes retroactive inhibition






35. Ebbinghaus - sharp drop in savings immediately after learning then levels off downwards; but some psychologists doubt generalization from nonsense syllables






36. Memory involves changes in synpases and neural pathways to make a memory tree






37. Tendency to group similar items in memory whether learned together or not - often into conceptual or semantic hierarchies






38. Requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past - Multiple choice test






39. Termed icon for brief visual memory






40. Memories are stored diffusely in the brain






41. Knowing a fact






42. Recall without any cue






43. On the verge of retrieval






44. By studying sea slug Aplysia - similar ideas to Donald Hebb involving synaptic and neural pathway changes in memory; young chicks brains are altered with learning and memory






45. Serial learning Serial-anticipation learning Paired-associate learning Free-recall learning






46. Repeating material to hold in STM






47. Photographic memory - more common in children and rural






48. Disrupting information that was learned after new items were presented






49. Temporary memory needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment






50. Memory is reconstructive rather than rote - People are more likely to remember ideas/semantics more than details/grammar