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GRE Psychology: Perception Sensation

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Also known as just noticeable difference. The minimum difference that must occur between two stimuli - in order for them to be perceived as having different intensities.






2. The physical intensity of a sound wave largely determines loudness






3. Is the tendency to complete incomplete figures






4. The tendency to perceive a smooth motion. This explains why motion is perceived when there is none - often by the use of flashing lights or rapidly shown still-fram pictures - such as in the perception of cartoons. This is apparent motion






5. Rods and cones on the retina that are responsible for sensory transduction.






6. Is when two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of two vertical lines that slant inward






7. All the things a person sees trains them to perceive






8. Discovered that cells in the visual cortex were so complex and specialized that they respond to certain types of stimuli. For example - some cells only respond to vertical lines - whereas some respond to only right angles.






9. Located by the cornea






10. Knowing that an elephant is large no matter how it might appear






11. Factors into why we see what we expect to see






12. Takes place when receptors for a particular sense detect a stimulus.






13. Is the tendency to create a whole or detailed figure based on our expectations rather than what is seen






14. Suggests that there are three types of receptors in the retina: cones that respond to red - blue - or green






15. It travels through the horizontal cells to the bipolar cells to the amacrine cells. Finally the information heads to the ganglion cells.






16. Along the visual pathway is the...






17. Asserts that perception and cognition are largely innate






18. The most famous of all visual illusions. Two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of the orientation of the arrow marks at the end. Inward facing arrow marks make the line appear shorter than another line of the same length with ou






19. Begins with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) which is stretch across the auditory canal. Behind this membrane are the Ossicles (3 small bones) - the last of which is the stapes. Sound vibrations bump against the tympanic membrane - causing the ossicl






20. The feeling that results from physical stimulation






21. He tendency to group together items that are near each other






22. humans best hear at






23. Asserts that perception is the sum total of sensory input. The world is understood through bottom-up processing






24. Allow the cornea to bend (accommodate) in order to focus an image of the outside world onto the retina






25. After images are perceived because of fatigued receptors. Because our eyes have a partially oppositional system for seeing colors - such as red-green or black-white - once on side is overstimulated and fatigued - it can no longer respond and is overs






26. Is the upper limit above which the stimuli can no longer be perceived. -The highest pitch sound a human could hear






27. Has been called the most important depth cue. Our eyes view objects from two slightly different angles - which allows us to create a 3-dimensional figure






28. Allows the eyes to see contrast and prevents repetitive information from being sent to the brain. Once the receptor cell is stimulated - the others nearby are inhibited.






29. Involves both innate/sensory and is partially learned/conceptual






30. The eyes are connected to the cerebral cortex by...






31. Refers to the relationship between the meaningful part of a picture and the background






32. Refers to the entire span that can be perceived or detected by the eye at a given moment.






33. 1. closure 2. Proximity 3. Continuation or good continuation 4. Symmetry 5. Constancy 6. Minimum principle






34. Developed the visual cliff to study whether depth perception was innate






35. How movement is perceived though the displacement of objects over time - and how this motion takes place at seemingly different paces for nearby or faraway objects. Ships far away seem to move more slowly than ships moving at the same speed.






36. Found that infants prefer relatively complex and sensational displays






37. Is gained by features we are familiar with - such as two seemingly parallel lines that converge with distance






38. Also known as color - is the dominant wavelength of light






39. Proposed the tri-color theory - research shows that the opponent-process theory seems to be at work in the Lateral geniculate body - research shows that the tri-color theory seems to be at work in the Retina






40. Says that the strength of a stimulus must be significantly increased to produce a slight difference in sensation

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41. The chemical that aids the receptor cells in transduction






42. The center of the retina; has the greatest visual acuity






43. Is the result of regeneration of retinal pigment






44. Is composed of photons and waves measured by brightness and wavelengths






45. Famous for the theory of color blindness






46. How people perceive objects in the way that they are familiar with them - regardless of changes in the actual retinal image. A book - for example - is perceived as rectangular in shape no matter what angle it is seen from.






47. Ambiguous figures - such as the Rubin vase. They can be perceived as two different things depending on which part you see as the figure and which part you see as the background.






48. Is knowing the color of an object even with tinted glasses on






49. Applies to all senses but only to a limited range of intensities. The law states that a stimulus needs to be increased by a constant fraction of its original value in order to be noticeably different

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50. The clear protective coating on the outside of the eye







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