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GRE Psychology: Perception Sensation

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Is the minimum amount of stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time






2. The most famous of all visual illusions. Two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of the orientation of the arrow marks at the end. Inward facing arrow marks make the line appear shorter than another line of the same length with ou






3. 1. Reception 2. Sensory Transduction 3. Neural Pathways






4. Also known as color - is the dominant wavelength of light






5. Revolves around perception and asserts that people tend to see the world as comprised of organized wholes. The world is understood through top-down processing.






6. The physical intensity of a sound wave largely determines loudness






7. Best at seeing fine details






8. Rightly stating that no stimulus exists






9. Consists of the parts you see called the pinna and the auditory canal. Vibrations from sound move down this canal to the middle ear.






10. Consists of one optic nerve connection each eye to the brain.






11. Refers to how we see texture or fine detail differently from different distances






12. Famous for the theory of color blindness






13. It travels through the horizontal cells to the bipolar cells to the amacrine cells. Finally the information heads to the ganglion cells.






14. The tendency to perceive a smooth motion. This explains why motion is perceived when there is none - often by the use of flashing lights or rapidly shown still-fram pictures - such as in the perception of cartoons. This is apparent motion






15. The chemical that aids the receptor cells in transduction






16. The physical intensity of light






17. The overarching Gestalt idea that experience will be organized as meaningful - symmetrical - and simple whenever possible.






18. humans best hear at






19. Individuals are partly motivated by rewards and costs in detection. The interplay between response bias and stimulus intensity determines responses






20. He tendency to group together items that are near each other






21. Is the upper limit above which the stimuli can no longer be perceived. -The highest pitch sound a human could hear






22. Failing to detect a present stimulus






23. The pace of vibrations or sound waves per second for a particular sound - determines pitch. Frequencies are measured in Hertz






24. Applies to all senses but only to a limited range of intensities. The law states that a stimulus needs to be increased by a constant fraction of its original value in order to be noticeably different

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25. Involves both innate/sensory and is partially learned/conceptual






26. Defined the Just Noticeable Difference






27. Proposed the perceptual development and optic array






28. Suggests that there are three types of receptors in the retina: cones that respond to red - blue - or green






29. Are concentrated in the center of the retina. They are sensitive to color and daylight vision.






30. All the things a person sees trains them to perceive






31. Allows the eyes to see contrast and prevents repetitive information from being sent to the brain. Once the receptor cell is stimulated - the others nearby are inhibited.






32. Is the result of regeneration of retinal pigment






33. Comes from the complexity of the sound wave






34. Is the tendency to make figures out of symmetrical images






35. Gives us clues about how far away an object is if we know about how big the object should be






36. Are particularly sensitive to dim light and are used for night vision. They are also concentrated along the sides of the retina - making them extremely important for peripheral vision






37. Begins with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) which is stretch across the auditory canal. Behind this membrane are the Ossicles (3 small bones) - the last of which is the stapes. Sound vibrations bump against the tympanic membrane - causing the ossicl






38. Asserts that perception and cognition are largely innate






39. How movement is perceived though the displacement of objects over time - and how this motion takes place at seemingly different paces for nearby or faraway objects. Ships far away seem to move more slowly than ships moving at the same speed.






40. Is the way that perceived color brightness changes with the level of illumination in the room. With lower levels of illumination - the extremes of the color spectrum (especially red) are seen as less bright






41. The optic nerve is made up of...






42. Has been called the most important depth cue. Our eyes view objects from two slightly different angles - which allows us to create a 3-dimensional figure






43. After images are perceived because of fatigued receptors. Because our eyes have a partially oppositional system for seeing colors - such as red-green or black-white - once on side is overstimulated and fatigued - it can no longer respond and is overs






44. Factors into why we see what we expect to see






45. Has been explained as the increasing ability of a child to make finer discriminations among stimuli.






46. Also known as just noticeable difference. The minimum difference that must occur between two stimuli - in order for them to be perceived as having different intensities.






47. Where half of all fibers from the optic nerve of each eye cross over and join the optic nerve from the other eye. This insures input from each eye will be put together in a full picture in the brain.






48. Why do cones see better than rods?






49. Saying you detect a stimulus that is not there






50. The part of the world that triggers a particular neuron







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