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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Perception Sensation
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The way that a single point of light viewed in darkness will appear to shake or move. the reason for this is the movement of our own eyes
McCollough Effect
Autokinetic effect
Figure-Ground Reversal Patterns (illusion)
James Gibson
2. Consists of one optic nerve connection each eye to the brain.
Visual Pathway
Correct Rejection
Sensation
Visual Acuity
3. Correctly sensing a stimulus
Structuralist Theory
Symmetry
texture gradient
Hit
4. Allow the cornea to bend (accommodate) in order to focus an image of the outside world onto the retina
apparent size
Hue
Ciliary Muscles
The visual pathway
5. Is when two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of two vertical lines that slant inward
Tri-color Theory (component theory)
Ponzo Illusion
Gestalt Psychology
Moon Illusion
6. Asserts that perception is the sum total of sensory input. The world is understood through bottom-up processing
Prosopagnosia
Gestat Ideas
Structuralist Theory
Opponent Color or Opponent Process Theory
7. Is the tendency to create a whole or detailed figure based on our expectations rather than what is seen
Moon Illusion
Continuation
binoculary disparity
Nativist Theory
8. We see objects because of the light they reflect
Vision
Visual Cliff
Robert Frantz
Weber'S Law
9. The most famous of all visual illusions. Two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of the orientation of the arrow marks at the end. Inward facing arrow marks make the line appear shorter than another line of the same length with ou
interposition
Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk
Muller-Lyer Illusion
Lens
10. Best at seeing fine details
Minimum principle
Striate cortex to the visual association areas of the cortex
Opponent Color or Opponent Process Theory
Visual Acuity
11. 1. closure 2. Proximity 3. Continuation or good continuation 4. Symmetry 5. Constancy 6. Minimum principle
Pragnanz
Gestat Ideas
Linear perspective
Hermann Von Hemholtz
12. humans best hear at
False alarm
texture gradient
Closure
1000hz
13. Is gained by features we are familiar with - such as two seemingly parallel lines that converge with distance
Frequency
Linear perspective
Continuation
Depth perception
14. It travels through the horizontal cells to the bipolar cells to the amacrine cells. Finally the information heads to the ganglion cells.
After light passes through receptors
Ewald Hering
J.A. Swet'S Theory of Single Detection (TSD)
Continuation
15. 1. Reception 2. Sensory Transduction 3. Neural Pathways
binoculary disparity
Pragnanz
Continuation
3 steps involving sensation
16. Are particularly sensitive to dim light and are used for night vision. They are also concentrated along the sides of the retina - making them extremely important for peripheral vision
Rods
Frequency
Purkinje shift
False alarm
17. Suggests that subjects detect stimuli not only because they can but also because they want to. TSD factors motivation into the picture.
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18. Curces are graphical representations of a subject'S sensitivity to a stimulus
Receiver operating characteristic
Receptive Field
Pragnanz
Amplitude
19. The physical intensity of a sound wave largely determines loudness
Amplitude
Rods
Nativist Theory
Phi Phenomenon
20. Where half of all fibers from the optic nerve of each eye cross over and join the optic nerve from the other eye. This insures input from each eye will be put together in a full picture in the brain.
Optic Chasm
There are fewer cones per ganglion cells
Continuation
False alarm
21. Is the tendency to see what is easiest or logical to see
Minimum principle
Outer ear
Rods
Figure and ground relationship
22. How people perceive objects in the way that they are familiar with them - regardless of changes in the actual retinal image. A book - for example - is perceived as rectangular in shape no matter what angle it is seen from.
Correct Rejection
Prosopagnosia
Visual Cliff
Constancy
23. Proposed the tri-color theory - research shows that the opponent-process theory seems to be at work in the Lateral geniculate body - research shows that the tri-color theory seems to be at work in the Retina
Lateral Inhibition
Opponent Color or Opponent Process Theory
Thomas Young and Hermann von Hemholtz
Receptor Cells
24. Knowing that an elephant is large no matter how it might appear
Constancy
Correct Rejection
Phi Phenomenon
Size Constancy
25. Can be perceived as two different things depending on how you look at them
Striate cortex to the visual association areas of the cortex
Phi Phenomenon
Ambiguous Figures (illusion)
Timbre
26. Is the tendency to make figures out of symmetrical images
Symmetry
Impossible Objects
The visual pathway
J.A. Swet'S Theory of Single Detection (TSD)
27. Also known as color - is the dominant wavelength of light
Receiver operating characteristic
Absolute threshold
Hue
Receptive Field
28. Is composed of photons and waves measured by brightness and wavelengths
Current thinking about sensation and perception
Amplitude
Light
apparent size
29. Proposed the opponent color/process theory
Ewald Hering
Constancy
Gestat Ideas
Visual Acuity
30. Begins with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) which is stretch across the auditory canal. Behind this membrane are the Ossicles (3 small bones) - the last of which is the stapes. Sound vibrations bump against the tympanic membrane - causing the ossicl
Rods
Middle ear
Muller-Lyer Illusion
Opponent Color or Opponent Process Theory
31. The pace of vibrations or sound waves per second for a particular sound - determines pitch. Frequencies are measured in Hertz
Frequency
Mental set
J.A. Swet'S Theory of Single Detection (TSD)
Thomas Young and Hermann von Hemholtz
32. All the things a person sees trains them to perceive
Optic Array
Ewald Hering
Ambiguous Figures (illusion)
Differential Threshold
33. The chemical that aids the receptor cells in transduction
Autokinetic effect
Constancy
Photopigments
False alarm
34. Allows the eyes to see contrast and prevents repetitive information from being sent to the brain. Once the receptor cell is stimulated - the others nearby are inhibited.
Lateral Inhibition
Ewald Hering
Hermann Von Hemholtz
Moon Illusion
35. Electrical impulses travel down these to the brain - where the information is understood
Depth perception
Ambiguous Figures (illusion)
Neural Pathways
Robert Frantz
36. The moon looks larger when we see it on the horizon than when we see it in the sky. This is because the horizon contains visual cues that make the moon seem more distant than the overhead sky.
The visual pathway
After light passes through receptors
Thomas Young and Hermann von Hemholtz
Moon Illusion
37. Consists of the parts you see called the pinna and the auditory canal. Vibrations from sound move down this canal to the middle ear.
Brightness
Outer ear
Terminal Threshold
Dark adaptation
38. Revolves around perception and asserts that people tend to see the world as comprised of organized wholes. The world is understood through top-down processing.
Gestalt Psychology
Visual Acuity
Striate cortex to the visual association areas of the cortex
Hit
39. Failing to detect a present stimulus
Phi Phenomenon
Robert Frantz
Miss
Terminal Threshold
40. Has monocular and binocular cues
Impossible Objects
J.A. Swet'S Theory of Single Detection (TSD)
Depth perception
Structuralist Theory
41. Consists of the bony labyrinth - a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: The cochlea - dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electroc
Inner ear
Cones
Ambiguous Figures (illusion)
Figure and ground relationship
42. Takes place when receptors for a particular sense detect a stimulus.
Prosopagnosia
Inner ear
Reception
Linear perspective
43. The tendency to perceive a smooth motion. This explains why motion is perceived when there is none - often by the use of flashing lights or rapidly shown still-fram pictures - such as in the perception of cartoons. This is apparent motion
Response Bias
Phi Phenomenon
Cones
Minimum principle
44. Along the visual pathway is the...
Optic Chasm
Timbre
Brightness
Outer ear
45. Objects that have been drawn and can be perceived but are geometrically impossible
Visual Field
Gestat Ideas
Impossible Objects
Retina
46. Refers to the relationship between the meaningful part of a picture and the background
Structuralist Theory
Receiver operating characteristic
Amplitude
Figure and ground relationship
47. After the optic chasm - information travels to the...
Striate cortex to the visual association areas of the cortex
Autokinetic effect
Receiver operating characteristic
False alarm
48. How movement is perceived though the displacement of objects over time - and how this motion takes place at seemingly different paces for nearby or faraway objects. Ships far away seem to move more slowly than ships moving at the same speed.
motion parallax
Optic Chasm
interposition
binoculary disparity
49. Is the inability to recognize faces
Size Constancy
Prosopagnosia
Nativist Theory
Dark adaptation
50. Defined the Just Noticeable Difference
E.H. Weber
1000hz
Differential Threshold
Receptive Field
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