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GRE Psychology: Perception Sensation

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Proposed the perceptual development and optic array






2. A theory for color vision. It suggests that two types of color sensitive cells exist: Cones that respond to blue-yellow colors and cones that respond to red-green. When one color of the cone is stimulated - the other is inhibited.






3. All the things a person sees trains them to perceive






4. humans best hear at






5. Asserts that perception and cognition are largely innate






6. Is the tendency to make figures out of symmetrical images






7. Also known as just noticeable difference. The minimum difference that must occur between two stimuli - in order for them to be perceived as having different intensities.






8. We see objects because of the light they reflect






9. Knowing that an elephant is large no matter how it might appear






10. Found that infants prefer relatively complex and sensational displays






11. Is when two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of two vertical lines that slant inward






12. The way that a single point of light viewed in darkness will appear to shake or move. the reason for this is the movement of our own eyes






13. Factors into why we see what we expect to see






14. Consists of the bony labyrinth - a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: The cochlea - dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electroc






15. Comes from the complexity of the sound wave






16. Proposed the opponent color/process theory






17. Is the tendency to create a whole or detailed figure based on our expectations rather than what is seen






18. After images are perceived because of fatigued receptors. Because our eyes have a partially oppositional system for seeing colors - such as red-green or black-white - once on side is overstimulated and fatigued - it can no longer respond and is overs






19. Is composed of photons and waves measured by brightness and wavelengths






20. Ambiguous figures - such as the Rubin vase. They can be perceived as two different things depending on which part you see as the figure and which part you see as the background.






21. Can be perceived as two different things depending on how you look at them






22. Is the way that perceived color brightness changes with the level of illumination in the room. With lower levels of illumination - the extremes of the color spectrum (especially red) are seen as less bright






23. Allow the cornea to bend (accommodate) in order to focus an image of the outside world onto the retina






24. The tendency to perceive a smooth motion. This explains why motion is perceived when there is none - often by the use of flashing lights or rapidly shown still-fram pictures - such as in the perception of cartoons. This is apparent motion






25. Is the upper limit above which the stimuli can no longer be perceived. -The highest pitch sound a human could hear






26. Begins with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) which is stretch across the auditory canal. Behind this membrane are the Ossicles (3 small bones) - the last of which is the stapes. Sound vibrations bump against the tympanic membrane - causing the ossicl






27. 1. closure 2. Proximity 3. Continuation or good continuation 4. Symmetry 5. Constancy 6. Minimum principle






28. Is the tendency to complete incomplete figures






29. Curces are graphical representations of a subject'S sensitivity to a stimulus






30. The optic nerve is made up of...






31. Has been explained as the increasing ability of a child to make finer discriminations among stimuli.






32. Has monocular and binocular cues






33. Is knowing the color of an object even with tinted glasses on






34. Developed the visual cliff to study whether depth perception was innate






35. How movement is perceived though the displacement of objects over time - and how this motion takes place at seemingly different paces for nearby or faraway objects. Ships far away seem to move more slowly than ships moving at the same speed.






36. Objects that have been drawn and can be perceived but are geometrically impossible






37. Is the minimum amount of stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time






38. 1. Reception 2. Sensory Transduction 3. Neural Pathways






39. Are concentrated in the center of the retina. They are sensitive to color and daylight vision.






40. Located in the back of the eye - receives light images from the lens. It is composed of about 30 million photoreceptor cells and of other cell layers that process information






41. Is gained by features we are familiar with - such as two seemingly parallel lines that converge with distance






42. The clear protective coating on the outside of the eye






43. Are particularly sensitive to dim light and are used for night vision. They are also concentrated along the sides of the retina - making them extremely important for peripheral vision






44. The moon looks larger when we see it on the horizon than when we see it in the sky. This is because the horizon contains visual cues that make the moon seem more distant than the overhead sky.






45. Consists of one optic nerve connection each eye to the brain.






46. Failing to detect a present stimulus






47. Allows the eyes to see contrast and prevents repetitive information from being sent to the brain. Once the receptor cell is stimulated - the others nearby are inhibited.






48. Asserts that perception is the sum total of sensory input. The world is understood through bottom-up processing






49. Refers to how we see texture or fine detail differently from different distances






50. Has been called the most important depth cue. Our eyes view objects from two slightly different angles - which allows us to create a 3-dimensional figure







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