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GRE Psychology: Perception Sensation

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Revolves around perception and asserts that people tend to see the world as comprised of organized wholes. The world is understood through top-down processing.






2. How we organize or experience sensations






3. Located by the cornea






4. Suggests that subjects detect stimuli not only because they can but also because they want to. TSD factors motivation into the picture.

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5. Electrical impulses travel down these to the brain - where the information is understood






6. Begins with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) which is stretch across the auditory canal. Behind this membrane are the Ossicles (3 small bones) - the last of which is the stapes. Sound vibrations bump against the tympanic membrane - causing the ossicl






7. Where half of all fibers from the optic nerve of each eye cross over and join the optic nerve from the other eye. This insures input from each eye will be put together in a full picture in the brain.






8. Consists of the bony labyrinth - a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts: The cochlea - dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electroc






9. Is gained by features we are familiar with - such as two seemingly parallel lines that converge with distance






10. Is the tendency to create a whole or detailed figure based on our expectations rather than what is seen






11. A theory for color vision. It suggests that two types of color sensitive cells exist: Cones that respond to blue-yellow colors and cones that respond to red-green. When one color of the cone is stimulated - the other is inhibited.






12. The clear protective coating on the outside of the eye






13. The overarching Gestalt idea that experience will be organized as meaningful - symmetrical - and simple whenever possible.






14. The tendency to perceive a smooth motion. This explains why motion is perceived when there is none - often by the use of flashing lights or rapidly shown still-fram pictures - such as in the perception of cartoons. This is apparent motion






15. Factors into why we see what we expect to see






16. Asserts that perception is the sum total of sensory input. The world is understood through bottom-up processing






17. Located in the back of the eye - receives light images from the lens. It is composed of about 30 million photoreceptor cells and of other cell layers that process information






18. 1. closure 2. Proximity 3. Continuation or good continuation 4. Symmetry 5. Constancy 6. Minimum principle






19. Developed the visual cliff to study whether depth perception was innate






20. It travels through the horizontal cells to the bipolar cells to the amacrine cells. Finally the information heads to the ganglion cells.






21. The most famous of all visual illusions. Two horizontal lines of equal length appear unequal because of the orientation of the arrow marks at the end. Inward facing arrow marks make the line appear shorter than another line of the same length with ou






22. Also known as just noticeable difference. The minimum difference that must occur between two stimuli - in order for them to be perceived as having different intensities.






23. Is the way that perceived color brightness changes with the level of illumination in the room. With lower levels of illumination - the extremes of the color spectrum (especially red) are seen as less bright






24. Famous for the theory of color blindness






25. Why do cones see better than rods?






26. The pace of vibrations or sound waves per second for a particular sound - determines pitch. Frequencies are measured in Hertz






27. After the optic chasm - information travels to the...






28. Rods and cones on the retina that are responsible for sensory transduction.






29. Can be perceived as two different things depending on how you look at them






30. Asserts that perception and cognition are largely innate






31. A thick layer of glass above a surface that dropped off sharply. The glass provided solid - level ground doe subjects to move across in spite of the cliff below. Animals and babies were used as subjects and both groups avoided moving into the 'cliff'






32. Is composed of photons and waves measured by brightness and wavelengths






33. Are particularly sensitive to dim light and are used for night vision. They are also concentrated along the sides of the retina - making them extremely important for peripheral vision






34. Is the tendency to see what is easiest or logical to see






35. humans best hear at






36. Found that infants prefer relatively complex and sensational displays






37. We see objects because of the light they reflect






38. The optic nerve is made up of...






39. Is the tendency to make figures out of symmetrical images






40. Individuals are partly motivated by rewards and costs in detection. The interplay between response bias and stimulus intensity determines responses






41. Defined the Just Noticeable Difference






42. The physical intensity of a sound wave largely determines loudness






43. How people perceive objects in the way that they are familiar with them - regardless of changes in the actual retinal image. A book - for example - is perceived as rectangular in shape no matter what angle it is seen from.






44. Best at seeing fine details






45. Refers to the relationship between the meaningful part of a picture and the background






46. Suggests that there are three types of receptors in the retina: cones that respond to red - blue - or green






47. He tendency to group together items that are near each other






48. Consists of the parts you see called the pinna and the auditory canal. Vibrations from sound move down this canal to the middle ear.






49. All the things a person sees trains them to perceive






50. Takes place when receptors for a particular sense detect a stimulus.