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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Ventricles
Parasympathetic nervous system
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Occipital lobe
2. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Sham rage
Neuromodulators
Reticular formation
Sleep spindles
3. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Frontal lobe
Forebrain (division)
Limbic system
Hippocampus
4. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Stereotaxic instruments
postsynaptic potentials
Reticular formation
Relative refractory period
5. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Efferent fibers
Neuromodulators
Vasopressin
Glutamate
6. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Agraphia
Oligodendrocytes
7. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Myelencephalon
8. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Electroencephalogram
Oligodendrocytes
Efferent fibers
Glutamate
9. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Acetylcholine
Sulci
Glial cells
Dendrites
10. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Sulci
Meninges
Frontal lobe
11. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Reticular formation
Theta waves
Tegmentum
Cell membrane
12. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Somatic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Stereotaxic instruments
13. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
White matter
Cortical association areas
Nodes of Ranvier
Myelencephalon
14. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Somatic nervous system
Hormones (type)
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Blood-brain barrier
15. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Hyperphagia
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Superior colliculus
Neuromodulators
16. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
fMRI
androgens (example)
17. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Myelin sheath
Hormones (type)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
18. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Activational hormones
Saltatory conduction
Presynaptic cell
Autonomic nervous system
19. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Neuron
Alexia
Vasopressin
Hippocampus
20. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Alpha waves
Neuromodulators
menarche
Synaptic vessels
21. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Delta waves
All-or-none law
Sulci
Relative refractory period
22. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Nodes of Ranvier
menarche
Hormones (type)
Gray matter
23. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Cingulate gyrus
Antagonists
Hormones (type)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
24. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Dendrites
Amygdala
Telencephalon
Saltatory conduction
25. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Metencephalon
Apraxia
Theta waves
Tectum
26. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Absolute refractory period
Autonomic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
White Matter
27. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
PET
Nodes of Ranvier
Temporal lobe
Central Nervous System (CNS)
28. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Hormones (type)
Glial cells
Blooming and pruning
29. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Sulci
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Hypothalamus
Metencephalon
30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Soma
Alexia
Axon
reuptake
31. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Sham rage
Inferior colliculus
fMRI
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
32. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Steps in neural transmission
Indolamines
Tegmentum
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
33. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Cingulate gyrus
fMRI
Ventricles
PET
34. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Blood-brain barrier
Sulci
Frontal lobe
Electroencephalogram
35. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Presynaptic cell
resting potential
Soma
36. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
H-Y antigen
estrogen
Afferent fibers
Broca'S aphasia
37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Synaptic vessels
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Forebrain (division)
Agnosia
38. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Autonomic nervous system
Afferent fibers
Hindbrain
Gray matter
39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Relative refractory period
Wernicke'S aphasia
Agraphia
reuptake
40. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Theta waves
Neural synchrony
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Sleep cycles
41. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Activational hormones
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Myelencephalon
42. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Neural synchrony
Basal ganglia
Synapse gap
White Matter
43. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Terminal buttons
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Hormones (type)
postsynaptic potentials
44. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Neuron
Nodes of Ranvier
Activational hormones
Brain evolution
45. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Forebrain (division)
Monoamines
Sulci
Glutamate
46. Holds neurotransmitters
Synaptic vessels
Neuromodulators
Cingulate gyrus
Oligodendrocytes
47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Sympathetic nervous system
Delta waves
White Matter
48. Gray matter - white matter
Hormones (type)
Saltatory conduction
Spine (subsystem)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
49. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
White matter
Endorphins
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Temporal lobe
50. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Glial cells
Terminal buttons
Telencephalon
Central Nervous System (CNS)