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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






2. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






3. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






4. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






5. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






6. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






7. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






8. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






9. Gray matter - white matter






10. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






11. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






12. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






13. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






14. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






15. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






16. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






17. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






18. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






19. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






20. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






21. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






22. Connections between brain and spine






23. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






24. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






25. Fissures seen on cortex surface






26. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






27. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






28. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






29. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






30. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






31. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






32. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






33. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






34. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






35. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






36. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






37. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






38. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






39. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






40. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






41. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






42. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






43. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






44. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






45. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






46. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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47. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






48. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






49. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






50. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation