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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






2. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






3. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






4. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






5. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






6. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






7. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






8. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






9. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






10. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






11. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






12. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






13. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






14. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






15. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






16. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






17. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






18. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






19. Gray matter - white matter






20. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






21. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






22. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






23. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






24. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






25. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






26. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






27. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






28. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






29. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






30. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






31. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






32. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






33. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






34. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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36. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






37. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






38. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






39. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






40. Provide myelin in central nervous system






41. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






42. Holds neurotransmitters






43. Connections between brain and spine






44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






45. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






46. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






47. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






48. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






49. Bumps seen on cortex surface






50. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed