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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






2. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






3. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






4. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






5. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






6. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






7. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






8. Provide myelin in central nervous system






9. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






11. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






12. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






13. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






14. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






15. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






16. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






17. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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19. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






20. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






21. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






22. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






23. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






24. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






25. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






26. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






27. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






28. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






29. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






30. Holds neurotransmitters






31. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






32. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






33. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






34. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






35. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






36. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






37. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






38. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






39. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






41. Organizational and activational






42. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






43. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






44. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






45. Gray matter - white matter






46. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






47. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






48. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






49. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






50. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity