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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






2. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






3. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






4. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






5. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






6. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






7. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






8. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






9. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






10. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






11. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






12. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






13. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






14. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






15. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






16. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






17. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






18. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






19. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






20. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






21. Inactivated state of a neuron






22. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






23. Fissures seen on cortex surface






24. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






25. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






26. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






27. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






28. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






29. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






30. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






31. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






32. Where soma and axon connect






33. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






34. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






35. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






36. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






37. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






38. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






39. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






40. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






41. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






42. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






43. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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45. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






46. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






47. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






48. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






49. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






50. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum