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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






2. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






3. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






4. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






5. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






6. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






7. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






8. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






9. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






10. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






11. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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12. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






13. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






14. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






15. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






16. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






17. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






18. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






19. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






20. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






21. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






22. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






23. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






24. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






25. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






26. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






27. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






28. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






29. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






30. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






31. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






32. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






33. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






34. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






35. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






36. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






37. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






38. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






39. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






40. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






41. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






42. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






43. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






44. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






45. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






46. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






47. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






48. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






49. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






50. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)