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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organizational and activational






2. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






3. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






4. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






5. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






6. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






7. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






8. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






9. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






10. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






11. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






12. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






13. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






14. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






15. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






16. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






17. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






18. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






19. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






20. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






21. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






22. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






23. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






24. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






25. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






26. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






27. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






28. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






29. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






30. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






31. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






32. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






33. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






34. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






35. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






36. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






37. Gray matter - white matter






38. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






39. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






40. Holds neurotransmitters






41. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






42. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






43. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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45. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






46. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






47. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






48. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






49. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






50. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)