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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






2. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






3. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






4. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






5. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






6. Made up of brain and spinal cord






7. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






8. Provide myelin in central nervous system






9. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






10. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






11. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






12. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






13. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






14. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






15. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






16. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






17. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






18. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






19. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






20. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






21. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






22. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






23. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






24. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






25. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






26. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






27. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






28. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






29. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






31. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






32. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






33. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






34. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






35. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






36. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






38. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






40. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






41. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






42. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






43. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






44. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






45. Fissures seen on cortex surface






46. Holds neurotransmitters






47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






48. Gray matter - white matter






49. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






50. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters