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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Sleep cycles
Catecholamines
2. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Vasopressin
menarche
Hippocampus
Synapse gap
3. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Steps in neural transmission
Thalamus
Soma
Alpha waves
4. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Schwann cells
Amygdala
Saltatory conduction
Pituitary gland
5. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Wernicke'S aphasia
Gray matter
Sham rage
Blooming and pruning
6. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Organizational hormones
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Apraxia
7. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Postsynaptic cell
White Matter
Vasopressin
Beta waves
8. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
reuptake
All-or-none law
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Postsynaptic cell
9. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Forebrain (division)
Sympathetic nervous system
resting potential
Efferent fibers
10. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Axon hillock
Myelin sheath
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
postsynaptic potentials
11. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Cingulate gyrus
androgens (example)
Hypothalamus
Amino acids
12. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Electroencephalogram
Catecholamines
Blood-brain barrier
reuptake
13. Where soma and axon connect
Axon hillock
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Telencephalon
Presynaptic cell
14. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
estrogen
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Monoamines
Myelencephalon
15. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Saltatory conduction
Basal ganglia
Inferior colliculus
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
16. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Cell membrane
Basal ganglia
Agraphia
Agonists
17. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Postsynaptic cell
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Synapse gap
Relative refractory period
18. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Stereotaxic instruments
oxytocin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Acetylcholine
19. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Autonomic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Steps in neural transmission
Central Nervous System (CNS)
20. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Dendrites
Beta waves
Pituitary gland
H-Y antigen
21. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
PET
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
H-Y antigen
menarche
22. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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23. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Sleep spindles
Activational hormones
Acetylcholine
Absolute refractory period
24. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Sulci
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
Axon
25. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
Cortical association areas
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Glial cells
26. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Tectum
Saltatory conduction
Absolute refractory period
Activational hormones
27. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Superior colliculus
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Central Nervous System (CNS)
estrogen
28. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Delta waves
Nodes of Ranvier
Gray matter
Mesencephalon
29. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
All-or-none law
Thalamus
Gray matter
Wernicke'S aphasia
30. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
oxytocin
Sleep cycles
Meninges
Antagonists
31. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Amygdala
Corticospinal tract
Synaptic vessels
Thalamus
32. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Vasopressin
Sham rage
Hyperphagia
33. Organizational and activational
Hormones (type)
Agnosia
Occipital lobe
Hypothalamus
34. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Myelencephalon
PET
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Steps in neural transmission
35. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Metencephalon
Beta waves
Sleep spindles
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
36. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Acetylcholine
Saltatory conduction
Gray matter
Catecholamines
37. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Inferior colliculus
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Oligodendrocytes
Axon
38. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Axon hillock
Saltatory conduction
Monoamines
Blood-brain barrier
39. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Cortical association areas
Gray matter
Vasopressin
Stereotaxic instruments
40. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Sham rage
White matter
Sleep spindles
Gyri
41. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Diencephalon
reuptake
Blood-brain barrier
42. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Agnosia
Amygdala
Catecholamines
43. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Amino acids
Hyperphagia
Postsynaptic cell
H-Y antigen
44. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
postsynaptic potentials
Sulci
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
45. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Dendrites
Sleep spindles
Mesencephalon
Presynaptic cell
46. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Neuron
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
androgens (example)
Hindbrain
47. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Agnosia
Pituitary gland
Alexia
48. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Indolamines
Hindbrain
androgens (example)
49. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Afferent fibers
Sulci
Nodes of Ranvier
Endorphins
50. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Synapse gap
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
All-or-none law
fMRI