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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Neuron
Acetylcholine
Electroencephalogram
White matter
2. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Frontal lobe
Myelencephalon
Sulci
H-Y antigen
3. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Alexia
fMRI
Schwann cells
4. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Oligodendrocytes
Dendrites
Blood-brain barrier
Steps in neural transmission
5. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Wernicke'S aphasia
Antagonists
6. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Catecholamines
Terminal buttons
postsynaptic potentials
Limbic system
7. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Gray matter
Sleep cycles
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
8. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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9. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Absolute refractory period
fMRI
Tectum
Cell membrane
10. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Acetylcholine
Oligodendrocytes
Pituitary gland
PET
11. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
H-Y antigen
Broca'S aphasia
Myelencephalon
Relative refractory period
12. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Neuron
Agraphia
Alpha waves
Sulci
13. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Hindbrain
Forebrain (division)
Frontal lobe
14. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Glial cells
Blooming and pruning
Hippocampus
Myelin sheath
15. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Antagonists
Tegmentum
androgens (example)
Hindbrain
16. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
PET
Sleep spindles
Tectum
fMRI
17. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Pituitary gland
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Endorphins
18. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Acetylcholine
Apraxia
Frontal lobe
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
19. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Hippocampus
Gray matter
Indolamines
Myelin sheath
20. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Monoamines
Alpha waves
Temporal lobe
21. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Beta waves
Indolamines
Inferior colliculus
White Matter
22. Where soma and axon connect
Agraphia
Saltatory conduction
Axon hillock
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
23. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Beta waves
Frontal lobe
reuptake
Hypothalamus
24. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
H-Y antigen
Axon hillock
Occipital lobe
Postsynaptic cell
25. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
H-Y antigen
Myelin sheath
Hippocampus
26. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Blooming and pruning
White matter
Amygdala
Agonists
27. Organizational and activational
Mesencephalon
postsynaptic potentials
Hormones (type)
Blooming and pruning
28. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Telencephalon
H-Y antigen
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Saltatory conduction
29. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Wernicke'S aphasia
Apraxia
Gyri
fMRI
30. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Gyri
Axon
Parietal lobe
31. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Inferior colliculus
Parietal lobe
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
oxytocin
32. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Afferent fibers
Neuron
Myelencephalon
Electroencephalogram
33. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Presynaptic cell
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Cingulate gyrus
34. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
androgens (example)
Blood-brain barrier
Alpha waves
Limbic system
35. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Telencephalon
Absolute refractory period
Thalamus
PET
36. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Relative refractory period
Blooming and pruning
Superior colliculus
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
37. Inactivated state of a neuron
postsynaptic potentials
Absolute refractory period
Synapse gap
resting potential
38. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Cortical association areas
Theta waves
Alexia
Rebound effect
39. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Neural synchrony
Wernicke'S aphasia
Synaptic vessels
White Matter
40. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Cortical association areas
Sulci
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Axon
41. Connections between brain and spine
Corticospinal tract
Absolute refractory period
Glutamate
Sleep cycles
42. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
All-or-none law
Tegmentum
Beta waves
Neurotransmitters
43. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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44. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Relative refractory period
Presynaptic cell
Neural synchrony
Alpha waves
45. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Sham rage
Agonists
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Blood-brain barrier
46. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Hippocampus
Cell membrane
Parasympathetic nervous system
Terminal buttons
47. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Nodes of Ranvier
Postsynaptic cell
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Basal ganglia
48. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Gray matter
Tegmentum
Axon hillock
49. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Antagonists
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Sleep spindles
Agonists
50. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Postsynaptic cell
postsynaptic potentials
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Parietal lobe