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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Telencephalon
Theta waves
postsynaptic potentials
PET
2. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Amino acids
Neural synchrony
White matter
3. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Alpha waves
Indolamines
Frontal lobe
Agraphia
4. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Nodes of Ranvier
Glial cells
Tectum
Postsynaptic cell
5. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Limbic system
Gyri
Sleep spindles
fMRI
6. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
H-Y antigen
Efferent fibers
Superior colliculus
Absolute refractory period
7. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Mesencephalon
Efferent fibers
Amino acids
Schwann cells
8. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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9. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Electroencephalogram
Delta waves
Limbic system
10. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Neuron
Agnosia
White matter
11. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Antagonists
Apraxia
Relative refractory period
Gray matter
12. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
oxytocin
Pituitary gland
Antagonists
Hormones (type)
13. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cell membrane
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
PET
Alpha waves
14. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Pituitary gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thalamus
Cell membrane
15. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Hyperphagia
Telencephalon
PET
Soma
16. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Electroencephalogram
postsynaptic potentials
Terminal buttons
17. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Neuromodulators
Cell membrane
All-or-none law
Thyroid stimulating hormone
18. Fissures seen on cortex surface
fMRI
Hypothalamus
Afferent fibers
Sulci
19. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Myelencephalon
All-or-none law
Electroencephalogram
Spine (subsystem)
20. Organizational and activational
Broca'S aphasia
Hormones (type)
Indolamines
Alpha waves
21. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Catecholamines
Indolamines
Agraphia
Axon
22. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
fMRI
Tegmentum
reuptake
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
23. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Indolamines
Saltatory conduction
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
H-Y antigen
24. Where soma and axon connect
Hypothalamus
menarche
Hippocampus
Axon hillock
25. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Alexia
Stereotaxic instruments
Mesencephalon
26. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Hippocampus
Agnosia
Cingulate gyrus
Parietal lobe
27. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Rebound effect
Nodes of Ranvier
28. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Apraxia
Mesencephalon
Neural synchrony
Synapse gap
29. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Terminal buttons
Organizational hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Agonists
30. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Saltatory conduction
oxytocin
Electroencephalogram
Meninges
31. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Nodes of Ranvier
Hormones (type)
Superior colliculus
Activational hormones
32. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Efferent fibers
Stereotaxic instruments
Glial cells
reuptake
33. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Forebrain (division)
Hyperphagia
Presynaptic cell
34. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Postsynaptic cell
White Matter
Broca'S aphasia
35. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Alexia
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Autonomic nervous system
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
36. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Relative refractory period
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Blood-brain barrier
Cortical association areas
37. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Neuromodulators
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Reticular formation
Temporal lobe
38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Saltatory conduction
Glutamate
Parietal lobe
Alexia
39. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Parietal lobe
White matter
Postsynaptic cell
Electroencephalogram
40. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Neural synchrony
Inferior colliculus
Catecholamines
41. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Sham rage
Myelencephalon
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Central Nervous System (CNS)
42. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Hindbrain
Acetylcholine
Sleep spindles
43. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Neurotransmitters
H-Y antigen
Parietal lobe
44. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Blood-brain barrier
Occipital lobe
PET
Myelencephalon
45. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Hypothalamus
Saltatory conduction
Catecholamines
46. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Tectum
Hindbrain
Schwann cells
Parietal lobe
47. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Steps in neural transmission
Axon hillock
All-or-none law
48. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Occipital lobe
Amygdala
Sham rage
androgens (example)
49. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Hippocampus
reuptake
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Beta waves
50. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Amino acids
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Stereotaxic instruments
Nodes of Ranvier