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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inactivated state of a neuron






2. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






3. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






4. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






5. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






6. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






7. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






8. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






9. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






10. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






11. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






12. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






13. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






14. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






15. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






16. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






17. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






18. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






19. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






20. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






21. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






22. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






23. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






24. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






25. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






26. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






27. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






28. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






29. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






30. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






31. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






32. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






33. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






34. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






35. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






36. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






37. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






38. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






39. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






41. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






42. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






43. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






44. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






45. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






46. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






47. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






48. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






49. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






50. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon