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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






2. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






3. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






4. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






5. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






6. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






7. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






8. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






9. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






10. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






11. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






12. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






13. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






14. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






15. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






16. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






17. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






18. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






19. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






20. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






21. Inactivated state of a neuron






22. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






23. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






24. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






25. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






26. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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28. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






29. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






30. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






31. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






32. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






33. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






34. Organizational and activational






35. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






36. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






37. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






38. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






39. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






40. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






41. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






42. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






43. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






44. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






45. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






46. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






48. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






49. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






50. Bumps seen on cortex surface