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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Sleep cycles
Spine (subsystem)
Sulci
Frontal lobe
2. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Dendrites
Hyperphagia
3. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
PET
Rebound effect
fMRI
Temporal lobe
4. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Glutamate
Sympathetic nervous system
Monoamines
Basal ganglia
5. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Cingulate gyrus
Postsynaptic cell
postsynaptic potentials
Acetylcholine
6. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
PET
Frontal lobe
Tectum
7. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Synaptic vessels
Reticular formation
Hyperphagia
Myelin sheath
8. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Agnosia
Activational hormones
Meninges
9. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Synaptic vessels
estrogen
Thalamus
Sulci
10. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Diencephalon
Efferent fibers
Apraxia
11. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Stereotaxic instruments
Steps in neural transmission
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Spine (subsystem)
12. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Axon
Organizational hormones
Catecholamines
Blooming and pruning
13. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Theta waves
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Autonomic nervous system
Spine (subsystem)
14. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Myelin sheath
Cortical association areas
Agonists
15. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Thalamus
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Neurotransmitters
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
16. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Relative refractory period
Hypothalamus
Temporal lobe
Tegmentum
17. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Saltatory conduction
Parietal lobe
Cingulate gyrus
Terminal buttons
18. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Terminal buttons
Brain evolution
All-or-none law
resting potential
19. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Efferent fibers
Frontal lobe
oxytocin
Neural synchrony
20. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
postsynaptic potentials
Spine (subsystem)
Catecholamines
Sympathetic nervous system
21. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Glial cells
Rebound effect
H-Y antigen
Gyri
22. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Gray matter
Gyri
reuptake
Cell membrane
23. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Oligodendrocytes
Saltatory conduction
Ventricles
Vasopressin
24. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Wernicke'S aphasia
Blooming and pruning
White matter
25. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Sleep spindles
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Neuromodulators
26. Holds neurotransmitters
Alexia
Postsynaptic cell
Stereotaxic instruments
Synaptic vessels
27. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Cortical association areas
Hormones (type)
Myelencephalon
28. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Autonomic nervous system
Theta waves
Sleep spindles
Cell membrane
29. Where soma and axon connect
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Organizational hormones
Axon hillock
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
30. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Efferent fibers
Sleep cycles
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
androgens (example)
31. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Superior colliculus
Parietal lobe
Neuron
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
32. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Corticospinal tract
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Myelencephalon
menarche
33. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Myelin sheath
Sulci
Activational hormones
34. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Ventricles
Hyperphagia
Vasopressin
Brain evolution
35. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Mesencephalon
Neural synchrony
Steps in neural transmission
Myelencephalon
36. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Sham rage
Cell membrane
Efferent fibers
Gray matter
37. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
estrogen
Meninges
Neural synchrony
Forebrain (division)
38. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Apraxia
Cell membrane
Electroencephalogram
Sham rage
39. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Vasopressin
Beta waves
Cortical association areas
Steps in neural transmission
40. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
White Matter
Acetylcholine
androgens (example)
41. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
H-Y antigen
Blooming and pruning
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
42. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Hippocampus
Alexia
Hormones (type)
PET
43. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Alpha waves
Tegmentum
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Catecholamines
44. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
Neural synchrony
Rebound effect
Terminal buttons
45. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Beta waves
Gray matter
Monoamines
Frontal lobe
46. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Soma
PET
Brain evolution
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
47. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Autonomic nervous system
PET
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Neuromodulators
48. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Absolute refractory period
Agraphia
androgens (example)
All-or-none law
49. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Endorphins
Alpha waves
Amino acids
Metencephalon
50. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Sulci
Temporal lobe