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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






2. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






3. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






4. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






5. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






6. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






7. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






8. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






9. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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10. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






11. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






12. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






13. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






14. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






15. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






16. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






17. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






18. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






19. Where soma and axon connect






20. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






21. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






22. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






23. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






24. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






25. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






26. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






27. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






28. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






29. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






30. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






31. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






32. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






33. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






34. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






35. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






36. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






37. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






39. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






40. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






41. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






42. Holds neurotransmitters






43. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






44. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






45. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






46. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






47. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






48. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






49. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






50. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone