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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






2. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






3. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






4. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






5. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






6. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






7. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






8. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






9. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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10. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






11. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






12. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






13. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






14. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






15. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






16. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






17. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






18. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






20. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






21. Gray matter - white matter






22. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






23. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






24. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






25. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






26. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






27. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






28. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






29. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






30. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






31. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






32. Bumps seen on cortex surface






33. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






34. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






35. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






36. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






37. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






38. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






39. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






40. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






41. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






42. Fissures seen on cortex surface






43. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






44. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






45. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






46. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






47. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






48. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






49. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






50. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system