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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Organizational and activational
Hormones (type)
H-Y antigen
Acetylcholine
Myelencephalon
2. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Catecholamines
Glutamate
Mesencephalon
Organizational hormones
3. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Oligodendrocytes
Amino acids
androgens (example)
Dendrites
4. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Reticular formation
Parietal lobe
Basal ganglia
Blood-brain barrier
5. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Sleep spindles
Electroencephalogram
Neurotransmitters
White matter
6. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
White Matter
Hindbrain
Blooming and pruning
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
7. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Blood-brain barrier
Dendrites
estrogen
Temporal lobe
8. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Efferent fibers
Indolamines
Superior colliculus
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
9. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Tectum
Axon
Axon hillock
All-or-none law
10. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Agonists
Spine (subsystem)
Gray matter
Monoamines
11. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Apraxia
Organizational hormones
menarche
Stereotaxic instruments
12. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Endorphins
resting potential
Terminal buttons
Amygdala
13. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Cingulate gyrus
Alpha waves
Sleep spindles
Amygdala
14. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Agonists
fMRI
Schwann cells
Indolamines
15. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Steps in neural transmission
Reticular formation
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
White matter
16. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Relative refractory period
Hormones (type)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
All-or-none law
17. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
oxytocin
Occipital lobe
Endorphins
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
18. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
All-or-none law
Nodes of Ranvier
postsynaptic potentials
Cortical association areas
19. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Terminal buttons
Parasympathetic nervous system
Alexia
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
20. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Catecholamines
Amino acids
Frontal lobe
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
21. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Nodes of Ranvier
H-Y antigen
Steps in neural transmission
Thalamus
22. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Oligodendrocytes
postsynaptic potentials
PET
Presynaptic cell
23. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Ventricles
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Presynaptic cell
Telencephalon
24. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Gyri
Tectum
Neurotransmitters
Cell membrane
25. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Activational hormones
Spine (subsystem)
Temporal lobe
oxytocin
26. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Axon
Parasympathetic nervous system
Tegmentum
Brain evolution
27. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Hypothalamus
Afferent fibers
Agnosia
Meninges
28. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Postsynaptic cell
Cell membrane
Inferior colliculus
Agonists
29. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Hyperphagia
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Basal ganglia
30. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
All-or-none law
Parietal lobe
Alpha waves
31. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Brain evolution
Efferent fibers
reuptake
Acetylcholine
32. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Gyri
fMRI
Postsynaptic cell
Catecholamines
33. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Afferent fibers
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Endorphins
reuptake
34. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Postsynaptic cell
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Electroencephalogram
Glial cells
35. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Schwann cells
Blooming and pruning
Superior colliculus
36. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Myelencephalon
fMRI
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Sympathetic nervous system
37. Gray matter - white matter
Electroencephalogram
Agonists
Axon
Spine (subsystem)
38. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Electroencephalogram
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Amygdala
Limbic system
39. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Temporal lobe
Parasympathetic nervous system
Basal ganglia
Somatic nervous system
40. Holds neurotransmitters
Neural synchrony
Afferent fibers
Synaptic vessels
Blooming and pruning
41. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Presynaptic cell
Soma
Alexia
Agonists
42. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Diencephalon
Glial cells
Metencephalon
Nodes of Ranvier
43. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Broca'S aphasia
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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45. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Frontal lobe
Pituitary gland
46. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Antagonists
Frontal lobe
Autonomic nervous system
Agonists
47. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Reticular formation
Alexia
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
48. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
androgens (example)
Saltatory conduction
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
49. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Cingulate gyrus
Schwann cells
Metencephalon
Hyperphagia
50. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Corticospinal tract
Reticular formation
Presynaptic cell
Nodes of Ranvier