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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






2. Gray matter - white matter






3. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






4. Provide myelin in central nervous system






5. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






6. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






7. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






8. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






9. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






10. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






11. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






12. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






13. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






14. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






15. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






16. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






17. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






18. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






19. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






20. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






21. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






22. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






23. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






24. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






25. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






26. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






28. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






29. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






30. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






31. Fissures seen on cortex surface






32. Holds neurotransmitters






33. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






34. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






35. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






36. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






37. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






38. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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40. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






41. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






42. Bumps seen on cortex surface






43. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






44. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






45. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






46. Organizational and activational






47. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






48. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






49. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






50. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions