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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






2. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






3. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






4. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






5. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






6. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






7. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






8. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






9. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






10. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






11. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






12. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






13. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






14. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






15. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






16. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






17. Made up of brain and spinal cord






18. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






19. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






20. Inactivated state of a neuron






21. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






22. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






23. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






24. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






25. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






26. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






27. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






28. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






29. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






30. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






31. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






32. Connections between brain and spine






33. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






34. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






35. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






36. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






37. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






38. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






39. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






40. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






41. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






42. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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43. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






44. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






45. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






46. Where soma and axon connect






47. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






48. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






49. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






50. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving