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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
androgens (example)
Temporal lobe
Electroencephalogram
Sleep spindles
2. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Soma
Neuromodulators
All-or-none law
3. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Basal ganglia
Neurotransmitters
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Mesencephalon
4. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Beta waves
Diencephalon
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Antagonists
5. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Synapse gap
Hippocampus
Theta waves
Wernicke'S aphasia
6. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Amino acids
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain evolution
7. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Electroencephalogram
Organizational hormones
Steps in neural transmission
Vasopressin
8. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
White matter
Terminal buttons
Beta waves
Amino acids
9. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Amino acids
Sulci
resting potential
10. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Sleep spindles
Hindbrain
estrogen
Pituitary gland
11. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Autonomic nervous system
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Agonists
Hindbrain
12. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Brain evolution
Postsynaptic cell
Neural synchrony
Reticular formation
13. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Axon
Afferent fibers
Blood-brain barrier
Postsynaptic cell
14. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Spine (subsystem)
Indolamines
Cell membrane
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
15. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Blooming and pruning
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
All-or-none law
16. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Cingulate gyrus
Alexia
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Soma
17. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Terminal buttons
Efferent fibers
Relative refractory period
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
18. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Stereotaxic instruments
Steps in neural transmission
Theta waves
Neuron
19. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
White Matter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Delta waves
Activational hormones
20. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Inferior colliculus
Rebound effect
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Vasopressin
21. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Alpha waves
Basal ganglia
Hyperphagia
Steps in neural transmission
22. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
postsynaptic potentials
Axon hillock
Organizational hormones
Delta waves
23. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Meninges
Sympathetic nervous system
Tegmentum
Neural synchrony
24. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Schwann cells
estrogen
Hippocampus
Metencephalon
25. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Steps in neural transmission
Soma
Neural synchrony
Myelencephalon
26. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Glutamate
White matter
Vasopressin
Agnosia
27. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
Basal ganglia
Diencephalon
Autonomic nervous system
28. Inactivated state of a neuron
Blood-brain barrier
Hippocampus
resting potential
Agonists
29. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Glial cells
Schwann cells
Soma
Presynaptic cell
30. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Indolamines
Broca'S aphasia
Telencephalon
Agraphia
31. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Axon hillock
Hormones (type)
Antagonists
estrogen
32. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Parasympathetic nervous system
Wernicke'S aphasia
Axon
Relative refractory period
33. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Hindbrain
Inferior colliculus
Indolamines
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
34. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
PET
Synaptic vessels
Superior colliculus
Endorphins
35. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Hindbrain
Sleep spindles
Oligodendrocytes
resting potential
36. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Blooming and pruning
All-or-none law
Hippocampus
Cell membrane
37. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Brain evolution
Vasopressin
Absolute refractory period
Inferior colliculus
38. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Myelencephalon
oxytocin
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Endorphins
39. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Broca'S aphasia
Beta waves
Mesencephalon
Thalamus
40. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Spine (subsystem)
Nodes of Ranvier
Wernicke'S aphasia
Gyri
41. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Neuromodulators
Metencephalon
Mesencephalon
Delta waves
42. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Relative refractory period
Sleep cycles
Acetylcholine
Beta waves
43. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Afferent fibers
Agonists
Meninges
44. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Blood-brain barrier
Hippocampus
Cortical association areas
45. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Apraxia
Amino acids
Broca'S aphasia
Frontal lobe
46. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Sham rage
Acetylcholine
Metencephalon
Cortical association areas
47. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Endorphins
Telencephalon
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Brain evolution
48. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Antagonists
Gyri
Wernicke'S aphasia
Reticular formation
49. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Axon hillock
White matter
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Sulci
50. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Endorphins
Sham rage
Monoamines