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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






2. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






3. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






4. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






5. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






6. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






7. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






8. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






9. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






11. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






12. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






13. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






14. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






15. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






16. Inactivated state of a neuron






17. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






18. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






19. Provide myelin in central nervous system






20. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






21. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






22. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






23. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






24. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






25. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






26. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






27. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






28. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






29. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






31. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






32. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






33. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






34. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






35. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






36. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






38. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






39. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






40. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






41. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






42. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






43. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






44. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






45. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






46. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






47. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






48. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






49. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






50. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus