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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Reticular formation
Axon
Parietal lobe
Sham rage
2. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Hippocampus
Agonists
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sleep cycles
3. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Blood-brain barrier
Meninges
Metencephalon
Terminal buttons
4. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Antagonists
Corticospinal tract
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
5. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Axon
Afferent fibers
Acetylcholine
Cingulate gyrus
6. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Hyperphagia
Soma
resting potential
Beta waves
7. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
fMRI
Endorphins
Corticospinal tract
Efferent fibers
8. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Nodes of Ranvier
Oligodendrocytes
Soma
reuptake
9. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Cell membrane
Sympathetic nervous system
Tectum
10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Absolute refractory period
resting potential
Inferior colliculus
11. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Neuron
Glutamate
Sleep spindles
Neural synchrony
12. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Cortical association areas
Beta waves
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Sham rage
13. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
PET
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Activational hormones
Autonomic nervous system
14. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Amino acids
Autonomic nervous system
Alpha waves
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
15. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Mesencephalon
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Sleep spindles
postsynaptic potentials
16. Inactivated state of a neuron
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
fMRI
Wernicke'S aphasia
resting potential
17. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Brain evolution
Axon
Monoamines
White matter
18. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Vasopressin
Sleep cycles
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Frontal lobe
19. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Myelencephalon
Oligodendrocytes
Superior colliculus
reuptake
20. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Dendrites
Delta waves
Stereotaxic instruments
Somatic nervous system
21. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Frontal lobe
Presynaptic cell
Ventricles
Inferior colliculus
22. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
androgens (example)
Axon
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Neurotransmitters
23. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Antagonists
Hindbrain
Synapse gap
Blood-brain barrier
24. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Hindbrain
Organizational hormones
Schwann cells
fMRI
25. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Myelin sheath
Sympathetic nervous system
Absolute refractory period
26. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Electroencephalogram
Dendrites
Presynaptic cell
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
27. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Pituitary gland
Occipital lobe
Glial cells
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
28. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Telencephalon
White matter
Corticospinal tract
Tectum
29. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Broca'S aphasia
Diencephalon
Antagonists
Monoamines
30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Indolamines
Organizational hormones
Alexia
Activational hormones
31. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Broca'S aphasia
Sleep cycles
Glial cells
Relative refractory period
32. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
All-or-none law
Indolamines
androgens (example)
Sham rage
33. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Parasympathetic nervous system
Cortical association areas
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Electroencephalogram
34. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Vasopressin
oxytocin
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
35. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Hyperphagia
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Sulci
36. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Blood-brain barrier
Agnosia
Metencephalon
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Agraphia
Acetylcholine
Saltatory conduction
Activational hormones
38. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
PET
Occipital lobe
Spine (subsystem)
39. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Glial cells
Hyperphagia
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Theta waves
40. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Cell membrane
Amino acids
Acetylcholine
Frontal lobe
41. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Corticospinal tract
Schwann cells
Tectum
Steps in neural transmission
42. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Postsynaptic cell
Glial cells
Organizational hormones
Hypothalamus
43. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Glial cells
Terminal buttons
Autonomic nervous system
Neuromodulators
44. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Hormones (type)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Thalamus
H-Y antigen
45. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
oxytocin
Schwann cells
Synapse gap
Apraxia
46. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Ventricles
H-Y antigen
Delta waves
Apraxia
47. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Hippocampus
Catecholamines
Thalamus
Glial cells
48. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Stereotaxic instruments
fMRI
Hypothalamus
49. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Electroencephalogram
Tegmentum
Rebound effect
Autonomic nervous system
50. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
androgens (example)
Soma
Cell membrane
Relative refractory period