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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






2. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






3. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






4. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






5. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






6. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






7. Gray matter - white matter






8. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






9. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






10. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






11. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






12. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






13. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






14. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






15. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






16. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






17. Connections between brain and spine






18. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






19. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






20. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






21. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






22. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






23. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






24. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






25. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






26. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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28. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






29. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






30. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






31. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






32. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






33. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






34. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






35. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






36. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






37. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






38. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






39. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






40. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






41. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






42. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






43. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






44. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






45. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






46. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






47. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






48. Organizational and activational






49. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






50. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves