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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Alpha waves
Soma
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Endorphins
2. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Dendrites
Limbic system
Diencephalon
oxytocin
3. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Thalamus
Tegmentum
Apraxia
Alpha waves
4. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
menarche
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Hindbrain
Tegmentum
5. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Indolamines
Relative refractory period
oxytocin
Hyperphagia
6. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Pituitary gland
Sulci
Dendrites
Thyroid stimulating hormone
7. Holds neurotransmitters
Blooming and pruning
Sham rage
Synaptic vessels
Autonomic nervous system
8. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Inferior colliculus
Cortical association areas
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Organizational hormones
9. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Gyri
Meninges
Antagonists
10. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Steps in neural transmission
Vasopressin
Sympathetic nervous system
Cortical association areas
11. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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12. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Corticospinal tract
Glial cells
Reticular formation
13. Connections between brain and spine
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Sleep cycles
Rebound effect
Corticospinal tract
14. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
PET
Superior colliculus
Hindbrain
Hyperphagia
15. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Synaptic vessels
White matter
Parasympathetic nervous system
Soma
16. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Terminal buttons
Oligodendrocytes
Synaptic vessels
resting potential
17. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Brain evolution
Relative refractory period
oxytocin
Steps in neural transmission
18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Diencephalon
Wernicke'S aphasia
Alexia
Hindbrain
19. Organizational and activational
Cingulate gyrus
Wernicke'S aphasia
Axon hillock
Hormones (type)
20. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Organizational hormones
Neuron
fMRI
Parietal lobe
21. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Soma
Myelencephalon
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
22. Where soma and axon connect
Diencephalon
Pituitary gland
Axon hillock
Gyri
23. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Theta waves
Tegmentum
Telencephalon
Synapse gap
24. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Reticular formation
Rebound effect
Absolute refractory period
Thyroid stimulating hormone
25. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Blood-brain barrier
Thalamus
Broca'S aphasia
26. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Relative refractory period
Blood-brain barrier
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
reuptake
27. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Endorphins
Theta waves
Amino acids
Sulci
28. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Sleep spindles
Forebrain (division)
Axon hillock
Diencephalon
29. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Forebrain (division)
Somatic nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Indolamines
30. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Amygdala
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Relative refractory period
Agraphia
31. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Indolamines
Absolute refractory period
Afferent fibers
32. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Sympathetic nervous system
Frontal lobe
Sleep cycles
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
33. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Blood-brain barrier
Frontal lobe
Relative refractory period
Postsynaptic cell
34. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Vasopressin
Frontal lobe
postsynaptic potentials
35. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Gyri
Monoamines
Delta waves
Blood-brain barrier
36. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Oligodendrocytes
Occipital lobe
Vasopressin
Postsynaptic cell
37. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Endorphins
Nodes of Ranvier
oxytocin
Metencephalon
38. Inactivated state of a neuron
resting potential
Cortical association areas
Blood-brain barrier
Endorphins
39. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Cell membrane
Limbic system
menarche
Synaptic vessels
40. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Stereotaxic instruments
Tegmentum
Synapse gap
Schwann cells
41. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Myelencephalon
Tegmentum
postsynaptic potentials
Mesencephalon
42. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Absolute refractory period
fMRI
Autonomic nervous system
Neurotransmitters
43. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Postsynaptic cell
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Presynaptic cell
44. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Myelencephalon
Temporal lobe
Glutamate
Autonomic nervous system
45. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Broca'S aphasia
Metencephalon
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Alpha waves
46. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Synaptic vessels
Cingulate gyrus
Basal ganglia
Reticular formation
47. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Axon
Wernicke'S aphasia
Oligodendrocytes
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
48. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
Spine (subsystem)
Agnosia
H-Y antigen
estrogen
49. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Myelin sheath
Amino acids
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Axon
50. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Thalamus
Steps in neural transmission
Activational hormones