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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Glial cells
Pituitary gland
Reticular formation
Basal ganglia
2. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
postsynaptic potentials
Tegmentum
Saltatory conduction
Hyperphagia
3. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Sleep cycles
Indolamines
Neuron
4. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Blooming and pruning
Thalamus
Agnosia
Hyperphagia
5. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Neurotransmitters
Steps in neural transmission
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
6. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Agonists
Cell membrane
Mesencephalon
White matter
7. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
Cortical association areas
Vasopressin
Agnosia
8. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Hindbrain
Catecholamines
Somatic nervous system
Neuromodulators
9. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Gray matter
fMRI
Terminal buttons
Cortical association areas
10. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Sulci
Gray matter
Cortical association areas
11. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
postsynaptic potentials
Tegmentum
Synapse gap
Sham rage
12. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Agraphia
White matter
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Tegmentum
13. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Organizational hormones
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Alexia
14. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Hyperphagia
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Saltatory conduction
Mesencephalon
15. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Organizational hormones
Electroencephalogram
Antagonists
16. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Spine (subsystem)
Sleep cycles
Agnosia
Wernicke'S aphasia
17. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Vasopressin
Neurotransmitters
Sulci
Alexia
18. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Rebound effect
menarche
Presynaptic cell
Neuron
19. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Parasympathetic nervous system
Thalamus
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Metencephalon
20. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Agonists
Neural synchrony
Activational hormones
Forebrain (division)
21. Inactivated state of a neuron
Temporal lobe
Cortical association areas
Soma
resting potential
22. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
All-or-none law
Activational hormones
Corticospinal tract
menarche
23. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Myelin sheath
Spine (subsystem)
Metencephalon
All-or-none law
24. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Steps in neural transmission
Forebrain (division)
Tegmentum
25. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Axon
Neuron
Nodes of Ranvier
Presynaptic cell
26. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Parasympathetic nervous system
androgens (example)
Soma
27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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28. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Theta waves
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Sleep spindles
Steps in neural transmission
29. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Sleep cycles
menarche
Stereotaxic instruments
Blooming and pruning
30. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
postsynaptic potentials
Neuromodulators
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Postsynaptic cell
31. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Organizational hormones
Autonomic nervous system
Dendrites
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
32. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Sleep cycles
Neuron
Nodes of Ranvier
Thyroid stimulating hormone
33. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Vasopressin
Metencephalon
Acetylcholine
Sleep spindles
34. Organizational and activational
Agnosia
Parasympathetic nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Hormones (type)
35. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Gyri
Gray matter
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Hyperphagia
36. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Tectum
Vasopressin
Pituitary gland
Synapse gap
37. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Brain evolution
Afferent fibers
Neurotransmitters
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
38. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Vasopressin
Reticular formation
Hindbrain
Hypothalamus
39. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Oligodendrocytes
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Presynaptic cell
Dendrites
40. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Gyri
Nodes of Ranvier
41. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Axon
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Forebrain (division)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
42. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Axon
Catecholamines
Hyperphagia
Basal ganglia
43. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Alexia
Parietal lobe
Amygdala
Blooming and pruning
44. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Synapse gap
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Cell membrane
45. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
androgens (example)
White Matter
46. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Efferent fibers
androgens (example)
Glutamate
Thalamus
47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Frontal lobe
All-or-none law
Superior colliculus
Organizational hormones
48. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Myelencephalon
Agonists
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Reticular formation
49. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Hypothalamus
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Autonomic nervous system
Gray matter
50. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Gyri
Organizational hormones
Neurotransmitters