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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






2. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






3. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






4. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






5. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






6. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






7. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






8. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






9. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






10. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






11. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






12. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






13. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






14. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






15. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






16. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






17. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






18. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






19. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






20. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






21. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






22. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






23. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






24. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






25. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






26. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






27. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






28. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






29. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






30. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






31. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






32. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






33. Gray matter - white matter






34. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






35. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






36. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






37. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






38. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






39. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






40. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






41. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






42. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






43. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






44. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






45. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






46. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






48. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






49. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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50. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles