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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Neuromodulators
Acetylcholine
Brain evolution
Monoamines
2. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Spine (subsystem)
Agraphia
Corticospinal tract
Efferent fibers
3. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Apraxia
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Antagonists
Beta waves
4. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Neurotransmitters
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Sleep spindles
Oligodendrocytes
5. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Corticospinal tract
Sleep cycles
Absolute refractory period
Catecholamines
6. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Agraphia
Basal ganglia
Hyperphagia
Stereotaxic instruments
7. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Stereotaxic instruments
Amygdala
Axon
Parietal lobe
8. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Nodes of Ranvier
Hindbrain
Oligodendrocytes
Synapse gap
9. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Apraxia
Superior colliculus
fMRI
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
10. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Theta waves
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Oligodendrocytes
11. Bumps seen on cortex surface
White Matter
Stereotaxic instruments
postsynaptic potentials
Gyri
12. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Terminal buttons
Axon hillock
Activational hormones
13. Where soma and axon connect
Axon hillock
Apraxia
Wernicke'S aphasia
Rebound effect
14. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Parasympathetic nervous system
White matter
Glial cells
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
15. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Forebrain (division)
Theta waves
Hypothalamus
Ventricles
16. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Electroencephalogram
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Terminal buttons
estrogen
17. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Brain evolution
Axon
Monoamines
Metencephalon
18. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Neuromodulators
Synapse gap
Acetylcholine
19. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
postsynaptic potentials
oxytocin
Myelin sheath
Presynaptic cell
20. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Gyri
oxytocin
Neuron
Vasopressin
21. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Afferent fibers
postsynaptic potentials
Delta waves
All-or-none law
22. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Amygdala
oxytocin
Sleep spindles
Rebound effect
23. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
reuptake
Organizational hormones
Stereotaxic instruments
Acetylcholine
24. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Occipital lobe
Sleep spindles
Alexia
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
25. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Presynaptic cell
Basal ganglia
Superior colliculus
fMRI
26. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Synaptic vessels
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Saltatory conduction
Limbic system
27. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Afferent fibers
menarche
Forebrain (division)
Sleep spindles
28. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
All-or-none law
Apraxia
Amino acids
Limbic system
29. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Myelencephalon
Brain evolution
Sham rage
H-Y antigen
30. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Blooming and pruning
Stereotaxic instruments
Gray matter
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
31. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Soma
Parasympathetic nervous system
Diencephalon
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
32. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
PET
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Delta waves
33. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
estrogen
Thalamus
Relative refractory period
Theta waves
34. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Neuron
Diencephalon
Agraphia
Agnosia
35. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Sympathetic nervous system
Thalamus
Sulci
Forebrain (division)
36. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Alpha waves
Myelin sheath
Broca'S aphasia
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
37. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Presynaptic cell
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Absolute refractory period
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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39. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Sham rage
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Schwann cells
Sleep cycles
40. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Myelencephalon
Hypothalamus
Reticular formation
Gyri
41. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Sleep cycles
Acetylcholine
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Tegmentum
42. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Neural synchrony
Neuron
Cingulate gyrus
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
43. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
androgens (example)
44. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Antagonists
reuptake
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Relative refractory period
45. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Nodes of Ranvier
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Delta waves
46. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Neuron
Nodes of Ranvier
Thalamus
Limbic system
47. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
H-Y antigen
fMRI
48. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Myelin sheath
Axon
Postsynaptic cell
H-Y antigen
49. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Efferent fibers
Monoamines
Meninges
Spine (subsystem)
50. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Blooming and pruning
Neurotransmitters
Amygdala
Catecholamines