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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Agnosia
Telencephalon
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
resting potential
2. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Basal ganglia
Stereotaxic instruments
Theta waves
Antagonists
3. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Mesencephalon
Parietal lobe
Somatic nervous system
White matter
4. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
postsynaptic potentials
Monoamines
Spine (subsystem)
5. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Telencephalon
Neural synchrony
Schwann cells
H-Y antigen
6. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Monoamines
Cortical association areas
Somatic nervous system
7. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Gyri
Synaptic vessels
Agnosia
8. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Synaptic vessels
Glutamate
9. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Tegmentum
Agonists
Saltatory conduction
Agraphia
10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
All-or-none law
Neuron
Reticular formation
Inferior colliculus
11. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Basal ganglia
Brain evolution
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Acetylcholine
12. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Rebound effect
Frontal lobe
13. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Gyri
Diencephalon
Parietal lobe
14. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Autonomic nervous system
Sleep cycles
White matter
15. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Somatic nervous system
Stereotaxic instruments
Pituitary gland
Brain evolution
16. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
White matter
Activational hormones
Neuron
menarche
17. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Axon
Blood-brain barrier
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Postsynaptic cell
18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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19. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
androgens (example)
Alpha waves
Pituitary gland
Oligodendrocytes
20. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Temporal lobe
Gray matter
Neuromodulators
Myelin sheath
21. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Somatic nervous system
Efferent fibers
Limbic system
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
22. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Steps in neural transmission
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Oligodendrocytes
Cortical association areas
23. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Hormones (type)
Spine (subsystem)
Synapse gap
Efferent fibers
24. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Postsynaptic cell
Presynaptic cell
Agonists
Amygdala
25. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Somatic nervous system
Terminal buttons
H-Y antigen
Stereotaxic instruments
26. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Afferent fibers
Hyperphagia
Myelin sheath
Terminal buttons
27. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Terminal buttons
Forebrain (division)
Glial cells
Parietal lobe
28. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Pituitary gland
Reticular formation
Theta waves
Hippocampus
29. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Indolamines
Theta waves
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
30. Holds neurotransmitters
Cingulate gyrus
Parasympathetic nervous system
Blooming and pruning
Synaptic vessels
31. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Myelin sheath
Sleep cycles
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Afferent fibers
32. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Postsynaptic cell
Sulci
Superior colliculus
33. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Hippocampus
Occipital lobe
Antagonists
oxytocin
34. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Neural synchrony
Autonomic nervous system
Blood-brain barrier
Metencephalon
35. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Myelin sheath
Meninges
Reticular formation
Sulci
36. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Relative refractory period
androgens (example)
Sleep spindles
Myelencephalon
37. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
White matter
Relative refractory period
Theta waves
Axon hillock
38. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Sleep spindles
Thalamus
Telencephalon
White Matter
39. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Amygdala
Telencephalon
Hindbrain
40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Sham rage
Ventricles
Apraxia
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
41. Organizational and activational
Endorphins
menarche
Sympathetic nervous system
Hormones (type)
42. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Organizational hormones
oxytocin
Presynaptic cell
Frontal lobe
43. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Absolute refractory period
Presynaptic cell
Alexia
Thalamus
44. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
estrogen
Gray matter
Schwann cells
Gyri
45. Gray matter - white matter
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Spine (subsystem)
Blood-brain barrier
Inferior colliculus
46. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Indolamines
Synapse gap
Metencephalon
Tectum
47. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Cingulate gyrus
Wernicke'S aphasia
Electroencephalogram
Endorphins
48. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Delta waves
Presynaptic cell
Gray matter
49. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Vasopressin
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Antagonists
Myelencephalon
50. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Axon
Telencephalon
Soma
Cortical association areas