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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Hypothalamus
Meninges
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Tegmentum
2. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
Saltatory conduction
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Hindbrain
3. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Autonomic nervous system
Cortical association areas
Gyri
4. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Sulci
Efferent fibers
Delta waves
5. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Activational hormones
Organizational hormones
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Acetylcholine
6. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Neuromodulators
Neurotransmitters
Sulci
7. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Catecholamines
Parasympathetic nervous system
Spine (subsystem)
Parietal lobe
8. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Schwann cells
Frontal lobe
Thalamus
Sleep cycles
9. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Neural synchrony
Neurotransmitters
All-or-none law
10. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Superior colliculus
Sympathetic nervous system
estrogen
11. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Gray matter
Catecholamines
Oligodendrocytes
Glial cells
12. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Parasympathetic nervous system
menarche
Rebound effect
Meninges
13. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
White Matter
Electroencephalogram
Agraphia
Acetylcholine
14. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Organizational hormones
Pituitary gland
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
15. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Myelin sheath
Meninges
Hippocampus
Inferior colliculus
16. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
H-Y antigen
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Monoamines
Neuron
17. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Frontal lobe
Steps in neural transmission
Alexia
18. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Nodes of Ranvier
H-Y antigen
White matter
19. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Neuromodulators
Absolute refractory period
Neuron
Axon hillock
20. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Thalamus
Alpha waves
Steps in neural transmission
Hyperphagia
21. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Inferior colliculus
Relative refractory period
Agonists
White Matter
22. Connections between brain and spine
Corticospinal tract
Indolamines
Amino acids
Apraxia
23. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Tectum
Gray matter
Cortical association areas
Superior colliculus
24. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Soma
Saltatory conduction
Presynaptic cell
fMRI
25. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Amino acids
Meninges
Inferior colliculus
Gray matter
26. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
oxytocin
Rebound effect
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
27. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Catecholamines
Hypothalamus
fMRI
oxytocin
28. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Spine (subsystem)
Amygdala
Amino acids
29. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
androgens (example)
Acetylcholine
Soma
Agnosia
30. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Organizational hormones
Postsynaptic cell
Antagonists
Superior colliculus
31. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
menarche
Stereotaxic instruments
Mesencephalon
Sham rage
32. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Activational hormones
Somatic nervous system
Axon hillock
White matter
33. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Endorphins
Thalamus
Beta waves
Blood-brain barrier
34. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Agonists
Electroencephalogram
Beta waves
Glutamate
35. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Sulci
postsynaptic potentials
reuptake
Delta waves
36. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Glutamate
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Synaptic vessels
menarche
37. Holds neurotransmitters
Synaptic vessels
Schwann cells
Mesencephalon
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
38. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
PET
Blooming and pruning
Tegmentum
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Meninges
Agraphia
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
40. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Hippocampus
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Neurotransmitters
Presynaptic cell
41. Fissures seen on cortex surface
White Matter
Sulci
Monoamines
Myelencephalon
42. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Blooming and pruning
Organizational hormones
43. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Cell membrane
Metencephalon
resting potential
44. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
Synapse gap
Neuron
Metencephalon
45. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Soma
Indolamines
Stereotaxic instruments
White Matter
46. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Beta waves
Indolamines
Cingulate gyrus
Agraphia
47. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
resting potential
Metencephalon
Postsynaptic cell
Sulci
48. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Blooming and pruning
Gyri
Agraphia
Indolamines
49. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Frontal lobe
Telencephalon
Myelin sheath
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
50. Organizational and activational
Inferior colliculus
Oligodendrocytes
Alpha waves
Hormones (type)