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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Cingulate gyrus
Organizational hormones
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Activational hormones
2. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Amino acids
Glial cells
Schwann cells
Meninges
3. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Brain evolution
Delta waves
H-Y antigen
Hyperphagia
4. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Relative refractory period
White matter
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Parietal lobe
5. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Sleep spindles
Inferior colliculus
Glutamate
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
6. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
All-or-none law
Brain evolution
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Endorphins
7. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stereotaxic instruments
Theta waves
Afferent fibers
8. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Activational hormones
Hypothalamus
Stereotaxic instruments
9. Organizational and activational
Thalamus
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
All-or-none law
Hormones (type)
10. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Frontal lobe
Hindbrain
PET
Amino acids
11. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
resting potential
Cortical association areas
Vasopressin
12. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Soma
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
13. Where soma and axon connect
Cortical association areas
Basal ganglia
Acetylcholine
Axon hillock
14. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Apraxia
Antagonists
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Blooming and pruning
15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Organizational hormones
Indolamines
Agonists
16. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Antagonists
Parietal lobe
Terminal buttons
Gray matter
17. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Afferent fibers
Somatic nervous system
Metencephalon
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
18. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Monoamines
Axon
androgens (example)
Cortical association areas
19. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
Neurotransmitters
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
White matter
20. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Agraphia
Autonomic nervous system
21. Inactivated state of a neuron
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
resting potential
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Stereotaxic instruments
22. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
estrogen
Superior colliculus
Stereotaxic instruments
Efferent fibers
23. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Blood-brain barrier
Amino acids
Temporal lobe
androgens (example)
24. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Soma
Blood-brain barrier
Hindbrain
25. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Theta waves
Neural synchrony
Antagonists
Delta waves
26. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Telencephalon
Endorphins
Gyri
androgens (example)
27. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Brain evolution
Broca'S aphasia
Delta waves
Wernicke'S aphasia
28. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Hormones (type)
Inferior colliculus
Sulci
Endorphins
29. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
White Matter
Neuromodulators
Mesencephalon
30. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Hippocampus
Tectum
Neuron
Afferent fibers
31. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Delta waves
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
H-Y antigen
32. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Pituitary gland
Activational hormones
Agnosia
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
33. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Spine (subsystem)
All-or-none law
Agraphia
Myelin sheath
34. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Brain evolution
Cortical association areas
Relative refractory period
Hippocampus
35. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Beta waves
Blood-brain barrier
Brain evolution
Monoamines
36. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Myelencephalon
Catecholamines
Gray matter
Telencephalon
37. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Diencephalon
Alpha waves
Forebrain (division)
38. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Hindbrain
Afferent fibers
Electroencephalogram
Limbic system
39. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
reuptake
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
40. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Postsynaptic cell
Vasopressin
Monoamines
Axon
41. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Tegmentum
Gyri
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Dendrites
42. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Mesencephalon
Agonists
Rebound effect
43. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Absolute refractory period
estrogen
Sleep cycles
Superior colliculus
44. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Amino acids
Parietal lobe
Blooming and pruning
45. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Occipital lobe
Agnosia
46. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Mesencephalon
Absolute refractory period
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Organizational hormones
47. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Axon hillock
Glial cells
Forebrain (division)
Gyri
48. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Somatic nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Cell membrane
Delta waves
49. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Theta waves
Presynaptic cell
Apraxia
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
50. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
PET
Postsynaptic cell
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Brain evolution