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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Gray matter - white matter






2. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






3. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






4. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






5. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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6. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






7. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






8. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






9. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






10. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






11. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






12. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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13. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






14. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






15. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






16. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






17. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






18. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






19. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






20. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






21. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






22. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






23. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






24. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






25. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






26. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






27. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






28. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






29. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






30. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






31. Fissures seen on cortex surface






32. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






33. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






34. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






35. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






36. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






37. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






38. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






39. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






40. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






41. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






42. Bumps seen on cortex surface






43. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






44. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






45. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






46. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






47. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






48. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






49. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






50. Inactivated state of a neuron