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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






2. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






3. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






4. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






5. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






6. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






7. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






8. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






9. Organizational and activational






10. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






11. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






12. Fissures seen on cortex surface






13. Where soma and axon connect






14. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






16. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






17. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






18. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






19. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






20. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






21. Inactivated state of a neuron






22. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






23. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






24. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






25. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






26. Bumps seen on cortex surface






27. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






28. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






29. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






30. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






31. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






32. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






33. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






34. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






35. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






36. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






37. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






38. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






39. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






40. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






41. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






42. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






43. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






44. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






45. Made up of brain and spinal cord






46. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






47. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






48. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






49. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






50. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)