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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






2. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






3. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






4. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






5. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






6. Fissures seen on cortex surface






7. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






8. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






9. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






10. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






11. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






12. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






13. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






14. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






15. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






16. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






17. Inactivated state of a neuron






18. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






19. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






20. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






21. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






22. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






23. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






24. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






25. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






26. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






27. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






28. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






29. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






30. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






31. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






32. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






33. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






34. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






35. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






36. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






37. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






38. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






39. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






40. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






41. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






42. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)


43. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






44. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






45. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






46. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






47. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






48. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






49. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






50. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus