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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
Spine (subsystem)
Monoamines
Corticospinal tract
2. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Alexia
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Axon hillock
3. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Hippocampus
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Amygdala
4. Inactivated state of a neuron
Oligodendrocytes
Catecholamines
Alexia
resting potential
5. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Axon
Soma
Schwann cells
Sulci
6. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Cell membrane
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Diencephalon
Alpha waves
7. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Absolute refractory period
Acetylcholine
Hormones (type)
Synaptic vessels
8. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Blooming and pruning
White matter
Agonists
reuptake
9. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Efferent fibers
Autonomic nervous system
Theta waves
Hippocampus
10. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Synaptic vessels
Activational hormones
Glial cells
White matter
11. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Catecholamines
Soma
Hypothalamus
Vasopressin
12. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Neural synchrony
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Tegmentum
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
13. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Inferior colliculus
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Catecholamines
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
14. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Brain evolution
Endorphins
Hormones (type)
Efferent fibers
15. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Temporal lobe
Glial cells
Afferent fibers
Myelencephalon
16. Holds neurotransmitters
Sympathetic nervous system
Synapse gap
Synaptic vessels
Vasopressin
17. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Dendrites
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Rebound effect
Terminal buttons
18. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Monoamines
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Beta waves
Axon
19. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Sham rage
Glutamate
Delta waves
reuptake
20. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Hindbrain
Nodes of Ranvier
All-or-none law
oxytocin
21. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Sleep spindles
Cingulate gyrus
Alpha waves
Hypothalamus
22. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Autonomic nervous system
Frontal lobe
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Corticospinal tract
23. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Sham rage
Terminal buttons
Tectum
24. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Cell membrane
Tegmentum
PET
Myelencephalon
25. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Hindbrain
Steps in neural transmission
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Reticular formation
26. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Amygdala
PET
Soma
Ventricles
27. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Metencephalon
Terminal buttons
Activational hormones
Endorphins
28. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Terminal buttons
Agraphia
Sleep cycles
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
29. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Catecholamines
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Reticular formation
30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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31. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Neuromodulators
menarche
Indolamines
Occipital lobe
32. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Nodes of Ranvier
Terminal buttons
Hippocampus
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
33. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Agnosia
Gyri
Neural synchrony
34. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Tegmentum
Axon
Myelin sheath
Myelencephalon
35. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Ventricles
PET
Absolute refractory period
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
36. Where soma and axon connect
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Nodes of Ranvier
Wernicke'S aphasia
Axon hillock
37. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Agnosia
Basal ganglia
Myelencephalon
Tegmentum
38. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Meninges
Occipital lobe
Hormones (type)
Reticular formation
39. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Glutamate
Autonomic nervous system
Postsynaptic cell
40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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41. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Alpha waves
Axon hillock
Dendrites
Neural synchrony
42. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Endorphins
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Neurotransmitters
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
43. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Efferent fibers
Brain evolution
Tegmentum
Sympathetic nervous system
44. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Neural synchrony
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
White Matter
45. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Rebound effect
Frontal lobe
Sleep cycles
Monoamines
46. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Forebrain (division)
White matter
Agnosia
Tegmentum
47. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Antagonists
Electroencephalogram
Blood-brain barrier
48. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Soma
Mesencephalon
Pituitary gland
Central Nervous System (CNS)
49. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Glial cells
Axon
Sympathetic nervous system
Occipital lobe
50. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Cortical association areas
Antagonists
Neuromodulators
estrogen