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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






2. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






3. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






4. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






5. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






6. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






7. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






8. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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9. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






10. Holds neurotransmitters






11. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






12. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






13. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






14. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






15. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






16. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






17. Where soma and axon connect






18. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






19. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






20. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






21. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






22. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






23. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






24. Made up of brain and spinal cord






25. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






26. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






27. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






28. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






29. Bumps seen on cortex surface






30. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






31. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






32. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






33. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






34. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






35. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






36. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






37. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






38. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






39. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






40. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






41. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






42. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






43. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






44. Connections between brain and spine






45. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






46. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






47. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






48. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






49. Gray matter - white matter






50. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses