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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Limbic system
Rebound effect
postsynaptic potentials
Stereotaxic instruments
2. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Steps in neural transmission
Activational hormones
Saltatory conduction
3. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Metencephalon
Axon hillock
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
4. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Organizational hormones
Autonomic nervous system
Axon hillock
postsynaptic potentials
5. Inactivated state of a neuron
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
resting potential
White matter
Wernicke'S aphasia
6. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Blood-brain barrier
Saltatory conduction
Gyri
7. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Steps in neural transmission
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Myelencephalon
Cell membrane
8. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Sulci
Electroencephalogram
Diencephalon
Parasympathetic nervous system
9. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Hyperphagia
Schwann cells
Axon hillock
10. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Neurotransmitters
Tectum
Telencephalon
11. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
reuptake
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Limbic system
Myelin sheath
12. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Sleep spindles
Sleep cycles
Activational hormones
Electroencephalogram
13. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Autonomic nervous system
Neural synchrony
Agraphia
Absolute refractory period
14. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Glutamate
Vasopressin
Terminal buttons
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
15. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Beta waves
Meninges
All-or-none law
16. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Gray matter
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Corticospinal tract
Neural synchrony
17. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Organizational hormones
Agonists
Myelin sheath
oxytocin
18. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Postsynaptic cell
Saltatory conduction
Inferior colliculus
19. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Sleep cycles
Diencephalon
Cingulate gyrus
Parasympathetic nervous system
20. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Catecholamines
Blood-brain barrier
postsynaptic potentials
21. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Agraphia
Acetylcholine
Efferent fibers
Brain evolution
22. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Parasympathetic nervous system
Relative refractory period
Blood-brain barrier
Thalamus
23. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Beta waves
Afferent fibers
Endorphins
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
24. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
oxytocin
Amino acids
Endorphins
Hindbrain
25. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Telencephalon
Soma
Brain evolution
Hindbrain
26. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Metencephalon
Broca'S aphasia
Gray matter
androgens (example)
27. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Hindbrain
Theta waves
Electroencephalogram
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
28. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Parietal lobe
Superior colliculus
Sleep cycles
Glutamate
29. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Limbic system
Steps in neural transmission
Nodes of Ranvier
30. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
White matter
Cingulate gyrus
Afferent fibers
resting potential
31. Where soma and axon connect
Blood-brain barrier
Tegmentum
Axon hillock
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
32. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Stereotaxic instruments
Parietal lobe
PET
Neurotransmitters
33. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Sleep spindles
Delta waves
Hippocampus
Theta waves
34. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
Catecholamines
Hypothalamus
Meninges
35. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Superior colliculus
Presynaptic cell
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Neural synchrony
36. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
menarche
Theta waves
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
All-or-none law
37. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Meninges
Terminal buttons
Glial cells
Axon
38. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Oligodendrocytes
Synapse gap
fMRI
White Matter
39. Connections between brain and spine
Hippocampus
Corticospinal tract
resting potential
menarche
40. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Neuromodulators
Diencephalon
Frontal lobe
41. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Cortical association areas
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
postsynaptic potentials
Blooming and pruning
42. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Myelin sheath
Temporal lobe
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Spine (subsystem)
43. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Axon hillock
Alpha waves
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Postsynaptic cell
44. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Metencephalon
PET
Relative refractory period
Absolute refractory period
45. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Sleep spindles
Neural synchrony
Gyri
46. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Oligodendrocytes
Saltatory conduction
Corticospinal tract
47. Made up of brain and spinal cord
All-or-none law
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Theta waves
Central Nervous System (CNS)
48. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Blood-brain barrier
Broca'S aphasia
Agonists
Sympathetic nervous system
49. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
menarche
Hippocampus
Basal ganglia
Beta waves
50. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Agnosia
Amino acids
Sleep spindles
Corticospinal tract