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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






2. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






3. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






4. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






5. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






6. Connections between brain and spine






7. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






8. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






9. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






10. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






11. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






12. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






13. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






14. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






15. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






16. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






17. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






18. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






19. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






20. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






21. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






22. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






23. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






24. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






25. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






26. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






27. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






28. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






29. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






30. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






31. Made up of brain and spinal cord






32. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






33. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






34. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






35. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






36. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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38. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






39. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






40. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






41. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






42. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






43. Organizational and activational






44. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






45. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






46. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






47. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






48. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






49. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






50. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states







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