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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
estrogen
Gray matter
Agnosia
Superior colliculus
2. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Delta waves
Rebound effect
Temporal lobe
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Parasympathetic nervous system
Telencephalon
Dendrites
Acetylcholine
4. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Cingulate gyrus
Efferent fibers
5. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Cell membrane
Neuromodulators
menarche
Theta waves
6. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Broca'S aphasia
Inferior colliculus
Temporal lobe
Cingulate gyrus
7. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Amygdala
Relative refractory period
reuptake
Sham rage
8. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Oligodendrocytes
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Apraxia
9. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Synapse gap
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
All-or-none law
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
10. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Sleep cycles
Activational hormones
Limbic system
Acetylcholine
11. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Tectum
Agraphia
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Endorphins
12. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Absolute refractory period
Metencephalon
Hippocampus
fMRI
13. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Synaptic vessels
Synapse gap
Myelencephalon
Schwann cells
14. Connections between brain and spine
Corticospinal tract
Electroencephalogram
Sympathetic nervous system
Hormones (type)
15. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Catecholamines
Postsynaptic cell
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
16. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Basal ganglia
Corticospinal tract
Parasympathetic nervous system
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
17. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Amygdala
Frontal lobe
Soma
18. Holds neurotransmitters
Agraphia
Pituitary gland
Stereotaxic instruments
Synaptic vessels
19. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Electroencephalogram
Basal ganglia
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Agonists
20. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Hormones (type)
Terminal buttons
Frontal lobe
Stereotaxic instruments
21. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Brain evolution
Frontal lobe
Reticular formation
Synaptic vessels
22. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Activational hormones
postsynaptic potentials
H-Y antigen
Electroencephalogram
23. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Beta waves
Organizational hormones
Basal ganglia
Cell membrane
24. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Vasopressin
Axon hillock
Neural synchrony
Myelin sheath
25. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Oligodendrocytes
Antagonists
Agraphia
Brain evolution
26. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
menarche
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Hyperphagia
27. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Synapse gap
PET
Gyri
Diencephalon
28. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Acetylcholine
Broca'S aphasia
fMRI
Antagonists
29. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
PET
All-or-none law
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Axon
30. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Monoamines
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Efferent fibers
Forebrain (division)
31. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Indolamines
Superior colliculus
32. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Oligodendrocytes
Superior colliculus
Thalamus
Parasympathetic nervous system
33. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Forebrain (division)
Efferent fibers
Parietal lobe
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
34. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
PET
Brain evolution
35. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Saltatory conduction
androgens (example)
Absolute refractory period
36. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
All-or-none law
Monoamines
Neural synchrony
Absolute refractory period
37. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Sympathetic nervous system
Wernicke'S aphasia
menarche
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
38. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Efferent fibers
Glial cells
Sleep cycles
Postsynaptic cell
39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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40. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Telencephalon
estrogen
Sleep spindles
41. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Stereotaxic instruments
Soma
Neurotransmitters
Ventricles
42. Gray matter - white matter
Sulci
Spine (subsystem)
Organizational hormones
Endorphins
43. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Inferior colliculus
PET
Parietal lobe
Acetylcholine
44. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Reticular formation
Catecholamines
Axon
Wernicke'S aphasia
45. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Myelin sheath
androgens (example)
Glial cells
46. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Telencephalon
reuptake
Glutamate
Forebrain (division)
47. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Sleep spindles
Blooming and pruning
Reticular formation
Axon
48. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Metencephalon
Synaptic vessels
Tectum
Autonomic nervous system
49. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Alexia
resting potential
Central Nervous System (CNS)
reuptake
50. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Myelencephalon
Myelin sheath