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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






2. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






3. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






4. Connections between brain and spine






5. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






6. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






7. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






8. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






9. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






10. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






11. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






12. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






13. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






14. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






15. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






16. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






17. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






18. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






19. Made up of brain and spinal cord






20. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






21. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






22. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






23. Fissures seen on cortex surface






24. Provide myelin in central nervous system






25. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






26. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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27. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






28. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






29. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






30. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






31. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






32. Bumps seen on cortex surface






33. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






34. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






35. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






36. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






37. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






38. Holds neurotransmitters






39. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






40. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






41. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






42. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






43. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






44. Inactivated state of a neuron






45. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






46. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






48. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






49. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






50. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed







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