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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






2. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






3. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






4. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






5. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






6. Fissures seen on cortex surface






7. Provide myelin in central nervous system






8. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






9. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






10. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






11. Organizational and activational






12. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






13. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






14. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






15. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






16. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






17. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






18. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






19. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






20. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






21. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






22. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






23. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






24. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






25. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






26. Bumps seen on cortex surface






27. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






28. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






29. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






30. Holds neurotransmitters






31. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






32. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






33. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






34. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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35. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






36. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






37. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






38. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






39. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






40. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






41. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






42. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






43. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






44. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






45. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






46. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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48. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






49. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






50. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation