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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Soma
Schwann cells
Hypothalamus
Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
oxytocin
Occipital lobe
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Corticospinal tract
3. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Parasympathetic nervous system
All-or-none law
Agnosia
Alpha waves
4. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Forebrain (division)
Cell membrane
Endorphins
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
5. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Antagonists
Meninges
Agraphia
Forebrain (division)
6. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Tegmentum
Beta waves
Hippocampus
Alpha waves
7. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Agnosia
Telencephalon
Sleep spindles
Electroencephalogram
8. Holds neurotransmitters
Broca'S aphasia
Synaptic vessels
Basal ganglia
Synapse gap
9. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Limbic system
PET
Blooming and pruning
Axon
10. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Parietal lobe
oxytocin
Sham rage
resting potential
11. Organizational and activational
Hormones (type)
menarche
Gray matter
Autonomic nervous system
12. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Metencephalon
Parietal lobe
Hormones (type)
Neuromodulators
13. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Terminal buttons
Theta waves
Occipital lobe
Glial cells
14. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Brain evolution
Beta waves
Hypothalamus
Acetylcholine
15. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Spine (subsystem)
PET
Blooming and pruning
Cell membrane
16. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Agraphia
Diencephalon
Sympathetic nervous system
reuptake
17. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Forebrain (division)
Occipital lobe
Telencephalon
Autonomic nervous system
18. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Cingulate gyrus
White Matter
Sham rage
19. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Spine (subsystem)
reuptake
PET
20. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Blood-brain barrier
androgens (example)
Absolute refractory period
Presynaptic cell
21. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Temporal lobe
Afferent fibers
Neurotransmitters
Sleep cycles
22. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
resting potential
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Gyri
Parietal lobe
23. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Spine (subsystem)
Theta waves
24. Inactivated state of a neuron
Central Nervous System (CNS)
resting potential
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Myelencephalon
25. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Relative refractory period
Schwann cells
Organizational hormones
Apraxia
26. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
menarche
Saltatory conduction
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Reticular formation
27. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Agnosia
Parietal lobe
28. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Afferent fibers
Basal ganglia
Superior colliculus
29. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cell membrane
Parietal lobe
Endorphins
30. Where soma and axon connect
Axon hillock
Temporal lobe
PET
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
31. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Autonomic nervous system
Temporal lobe
Acetylcholine
Cell membrane
32. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Hippocampus
Glutamate
Metencephalon
Acetylcholine
33. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Parietal lobe
Basal ganglia
Gyri
Synaptic vessels
34. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Hyperphagia
fMRI
Catecholamines
35. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
fMRI
Absolute refractory period
All-or-none law
H-Y antigen
36. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Thalamus
Nodes of Ranvier
Sulci
Soma
37. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
estrogen
PET
Alexia
Amino acids
38. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Axon hillock
Corticospinal tract
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Steps in neural transmission
39. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Mesencephalon
PET
Tegmentum
Temporal lobe
40. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Stereotaxic instruments
Autonomic nervous system
menarche
Telencephalon
41. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Theta waves
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Wernicke'S aphasia
42. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Superior colliculus
androgens (example)
postsynaptic potentials
Corticospinal tract
43. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Broca'S aphasia
androgens (example)
Nodes of Ranvier
44. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Sympathetic nervous system
Ventricles
Sleep spindles
45. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
fMRI
Brain evolution
Telencephalon
Sleep cycles
46. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Oligodendrocytes
Endorphins
Sulci
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
47. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Alpha waves
Alexia
Parasympathetic nervous system
Broca'S aphasia
48. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Mesencephalon
Frontal lobe
H-Y antigen
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
49. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
Monoamines
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Cell membrane
50. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Axon
Relative refractory period
Oligodendrocytes
Basal ganglia
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