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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






2. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






3. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






4. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






5. Gray matter - white matter






6. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






7. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






8. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






9. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






10. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






11. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






12. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






13. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






14. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






15. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






16. Inactivated state of a neuron






17. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






18. Where soma and axon connect






19. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






20. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






21. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






22. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






23. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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24. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






25. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






26. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






27. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






28. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






29. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






30. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






31. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






32. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






33. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






34. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






35. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






36. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






37. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






38. Organizational and activational






39. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






40. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






41. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






42. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






43. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






44. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






45. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






46. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






47. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






48. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






49. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






50. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters