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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Absolute refractory period
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Beta waves
Terminal buttons
2. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Rebound effect
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Postsynaptic cell
Sleep spindles
3. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Indolamines
Relative refractory period
Cingulate gyrus
fMRI
4. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Cell membrane
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Metencephalon
5. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Myelencephalon
Reticular formation
6. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Electroencephalogram
Frontal lobe
Sleep spindles
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
7. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Agnosia
Amygdala
Oligodendrocytes
Gyri
8. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Efferent fibers
Alexia
Tectum
Neuron
9. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Somatic nervous system
Parietal lobe
Terminal buttons
Monoamines
10. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
White matter
Sleep cycles
Blood-brain barrier
Telencephalon
11. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
postsynaptic potentials
Hindbrain
Superior colliculus
Afferent fibers
12. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Alexia
Catecholamines
Broca'S aphasia
13. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Inferior colliculus
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Theta waves
androgens (example)
14. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Presynaptic cell
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cell membrane
Organizational hormones
15. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Alexia
Telencephalon
Amygdala
White matter
16. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Delta waves
Tegmentum
Glutamate
Efferent fibers
17. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Autonomic nervous system
Hippocampus
Postsynaptic cell
reuptake
18. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Sulci
Parietal lobe
Dendrites
estrogen
19. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
All-or-none law
Agonists
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
White Matter
20. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Broca'S aphasia
Inferior colliculus
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Efferent fibers
21. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
postsynaptic potentials
Hippocampus
Hindbrain
Cell membrane
22. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
Hyperphagia
Broca'S aphasia
Myelin sheath
23. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Parietal lobe
White Matter
Catecholamines
Nodes of Ranvier
24. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Alexia
Steps in neural transmission
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Meninges
25. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Tectum
Cortical association areas
Agraphia
reuptake
26. Inactivated state of a neuron
Agonists
fMRI
resting potential
Afferent fibers
27. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Monoamines
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
28. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Occipital lobe
Mesencephalon
Tegmentum
Brain evolution
29. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Neural synchrony
Neuron
Stereotaxic instruments
30. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
estrogen
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Brain evolution
PET
31. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Organizational hormones
Temporal lobe
Tectum
Hormones (type)
32. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
fMRI
Sympathetic nervous system
Blooming and pruning
Efferent fibers
33. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Amygdala
Pituitary gland
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Sulci
34. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Glial cells
Central Nervous System (CNS)
PET
35. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Amygdala
36. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
White Matter
Steps in neural transmission
Metencephalon
postsynaptic potentials
37. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Cell membrane
Synaptic vessels
Reticular formation
Ventricles
38. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Thalamus
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Basal ganglia
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
39. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Activational hormones
Glutamate
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Myelin sheath
40. Where soma and axon connect
Axon hillock
Amygdala
Monoamines
Broca'S aphasia
41. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Indolamines
Glutamate
Cell membrane
Central Nervous System (CNS)
42. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
postsynaptic potentials
Inferior colliculus
Wernicke'S aphasia
androgens (example)
43. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
menarche
Amino acids
Gyri
Cortical association areas
44. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Presynaptic cell
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Sham rage
45. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Blooming and pruning
Agonists
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Synapse gap
46. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Sham rage
Catecholamines
Thalamus
Apraxia
47. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Alpha waves
Tectum
Apraxia
Absolute refractory period
48. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hippocampus
Limbic system
Indolamines
Hypothalamus
49. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Oligodendrocytes
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Temporal lobe
Monoamines
50. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Hyperphagia
Frontal lobe
Glial cells