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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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2. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






3. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






4. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






5. Fissures seen on cortex surface






6. Made up of brain and spinal cord






7. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






8. Holds neurotransmitters






9. Organizational and activational






10. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






11. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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12. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






13. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






14. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






15. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






16. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






17. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






18. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






19. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






20. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






21. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






22. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






23. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






24. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






25. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






26. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






27. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






28. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






29. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






30. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






31. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






32. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






33. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






34. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






36. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






37. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






38. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






39. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






40. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






41. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






42. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






43. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






44. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






45. Provide myelin in central nervous system






46. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






47. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






48. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






49. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






50. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction