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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Spine (subsystem)
Superior colliculus
Axon
Neuromodulators
2. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Autonomic nervous system
Terminal buttons
PET
Hippocampus
3. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Frontal lobe
Hyperphagia
Alexia
Endorphins
4. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Electroencephalogram
Agnosia
Hypothalamus
5. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Saltatory conduction
Neuron
Oligodendrocytes
Sulci
6. Where soma and axon connect
Endorphins
Sham rage
Myelin sheath
Axon hillock
7. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Mesencephalon
Acetylcholine
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Broca'S aphasia
8. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Alpha waves
reuptake
Wernicke'S aphasia
Nodes of Ranvier
9. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Indolamines
Steps in neural transmission
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Vasopressin
10. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Dendrites
oxytocin
Pituitary gland
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
11. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Afferent fibers
Corticospinal tract
Terminal buttons
Parietal lobe
12. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
androgens (example)
Myelin sheath
Occipital lobe
Cingulate gyrus
13. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
postsynaptic potentials
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Sleep cycles
14. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Monoamines
Mesencephalon
menarche
Thalamus
15. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Spine (subsystem)
Gyri
Neurotransmitters
Agonists
16. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Rebound effect
Sympathetic nervous system
Nodes of Ranvier
Neurotransmitters
17. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Reticular formation
All-or-none law
androgens (example)
H-Y antigen
18. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Beta waves
Endorphins
Organizational hormones
Stereotaxic instruments
19. Organizational and activational
Hormones (type)
Amino acids
Superior colliculus
Alexia
20. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Soma
Neuron
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Temporal lobe
21. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Relative refractory period
Apraxia
Myelencephalon
22. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Somatic nervous system
Amino acids
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Terminal buttons
23. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Somatic nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Glial cells
24. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Nodes of Ranvier
Basal ganglia
Stereotaxic instruments
androgens (example)
25. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
26. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Absolute refractory period
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Catecholamines
PET
27. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Sleep cycles
Cingulate gyrus
Afferent fibers
28. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Sham rage
Antagonists
Tectum
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
29. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Beta waves
Alpha waves
Activational hormones
Sulci
30. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Soma
Parasympathetic nervous system
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
31. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Forebrain (division)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Hippocampus
32. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Hippocampus
Agonists
Alexia
Saltatory conduction
33. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Dendrites
Tectum
Endorphins
Superior colliculus
34. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
All-or-none law
Steps in neural transmission
Agnosia
35. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Myelencephalon
Neural synchrony
Endorphins
Diencephalon
36. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Rebound effect
Reticular formation
estrogen
Antagonists
37. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Corticospinal tract
Acetylcholine
Gray matter
fMRI
38. Gray matter - white matter
Mesencephalon
Sulci
Agraphia
Spine (subsystem)
39. Connections between brain and spine
Somatic nervous system
Corticospinal tract
Schwann cells
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
40. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Presynaptic cell
Thalamus
Stereotaxic instruments
Electroencephalogram
41. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Presynaptic cell
PET
Delta waves
Mesencephalon
42. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Saltatory conduction
Hippocampus
Ventricles
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
43. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Neuromodulators
Soma
Glutamate
44. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Theta waves
Acetylcholine
Blooming and pruning
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
45. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Terminal buttons
reuptake
Reticular formation
46. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Telencephalon
Somatic nervous system
Blood-brain barrier
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
47. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Oligodendrocytes
Glutamate
Corticospinal tract
Presynaptic cell
48. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Vasopressin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Glial cells
Agnosia
49. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
postsynaptic potentials
Synapse gap
Somatic nervous system
Neuromodulators
50. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
estrogen
Absolute refractory period
Indolamines
Corticospinal tract