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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






2. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






3. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






4. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






5. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






6. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






7. Where soma and axon connect






8. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






9. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






10. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






11. Provide myelin in central nervous system






12. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






13. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






14. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






15. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






16. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






17. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






18. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






19. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






20. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






21. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






22. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






23. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






24. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






25. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






26. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






27. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






28. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






29. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






30. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






31. Connections between brain and spine






32. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






33. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






34. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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36. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






37. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






38. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






39. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






40. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






41. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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42. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






43. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






44. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






45. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






46. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






47. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






48. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






49. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






50. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)