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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






2. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






3. Connections between brain and spine






4. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






5. Fissures seen on cortex surface






6. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






7. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






8. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






9. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






10. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






11. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






12. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






13. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






14. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






15. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






16. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






17. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






18. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






19. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






20. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






21. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






22. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






23. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






24. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






25. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






26. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






27. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






28. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






29. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






30. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






31. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






32. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






33. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






34. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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36. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






37. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






38. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






39. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






40. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






41. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






42. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






43. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






44. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






45. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






46. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






47. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






48. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






49. Gray matter - white matter






50. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon