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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






2. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






3. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






4. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






5. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






6. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






7. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






8. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






9. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






10. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






11. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






12. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






13. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






14. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






15. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






16. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






17. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






18. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






19. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






20. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






21. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






22. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






23. Organizational and activational






24. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






25. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






26. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






27. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






28. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






29. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






31. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






32. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






33. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






34. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






35. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






36. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






37. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






38. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






39. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






40. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






41. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






42. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






43. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






44. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






45. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






46. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






47. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






48. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






49. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






50. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states