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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Wernicke'S aphasia
Neuron
Parasympathetic nervous system
Thyroid stimulating hormone
2. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Broca'S aphasia
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Rebound effect
Activational hormones
3. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Somatic nervous system
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Theta waves
4. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Rebound effect
Synapse gap
Sympathetic nervous system
Schwann cells
5. Inactivated state of a neuron
Synapse gap
resting potential
Monoamines
fMRI
6. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Saltatory conduction
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Axon
7. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Autonomic nervous system
Rebound effect
Axon hillock
Alpha waves
8. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
H-Y antigen
Temporal lobe
Somatic nervous system
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
9. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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10. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
reuptake
Absolute refractory period
Ventricles
Antagonists
11. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Postsynaptic cell
Glutamate
Superior colliculus
Metencephalon
12. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Monoamines
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
White Matter
Temporal lobe
13. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Beta waves
Wernicke'S aphasia
Vasopressin
14. Where soma and axon connect
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Axon hillock
Hypothalamus
Alpha waves
15. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Metencephalon
Agnosia
Terminal buttons
Limbic system
16. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Ventricles
estrogen
Terminal buttons
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
17. Organizational and activational
Afferent fibers
Myelencephalon
Hormones (type)
Occipital lobe
18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Autonomic nervous system
Agnosia
Temporal lobe
H-Y antigen
19. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Absolute refractory period
Catecholamines
Terminal buttons
20. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Synaptic vessels
Electroencephalogram
Vasopressin
Thyroid stimulating hormone
21. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Organizational hormones
Stereotaxic instruments
Delta waves
Catecholamines
22. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Activational hormones
Glutamate
Tectum
Sleep spindles
23. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Beta waves
postsynaptic potentials
Broca'S aphasia
24. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Postsynaptic cell
Gyri
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Endorphins
25. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Sulci
Thalamus
Blooming and pruning
Pituitary gland
26. Made up of brain and spinal cord
White Matter
Saltatory conduction
Synaptic vessels
Central Nervous System (CNS)
27. Connections between brain and spine
Cell membrane
Forebrain (division)
Corticospinal tract
Sleep cycles
28. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Organizational hormones
Occipital lobe
Relative refractory period
Nodes of Ranvier
29. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Theta waves
Autonomic nervous system
Brain evolution
30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
androgens (example)
Alexia
Agnosia
Agraphia
31. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Nodes of Ranvier
Relative refractory period
Organizational hormones
Superior colliculus
32. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Synaptic vessels
Relative refractory period
Steps in neural transmission
Superior colliculus
33. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Brain evolution
Presynaptic cell
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Myelencephalon
34. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Occipital lobe
Hypothalamus
All-or-none law
35. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Blood-brain barrier
Forebrain (division)
Axon
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
36. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Synapse gap
Telencephalon
Terminal buttons
Axon
37. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Axon hillock
Tectum
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Gray matter
38. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Temporal lobe
Reticular formation
Sleep cycles
Cingulate gyrus
39. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
All-or-none law
Meninges
Relative refractory period
40. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
estrogen
Temporal lobe
Amygdala
Absolute refractory period
41. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Terminal buttons
Rebound effect
Sympathetic nervous system
42. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Catecholamines
Broca'S aphasia
Agnosia
Thalamus
43. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Indolamines
Myelencephalon
Glial cells
44. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
androgens (example)
Oligodendrocytes
Catecholamines
Parietal lobe
45. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Autonomic nervous system
Mesencephalon
Beta waves
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
46. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Autonomic nervous system
Amygdala
Dendrites
H-Y antigen
47. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Sleep cycles
Oligodendrocytes
Soma
Limbic system
48. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Neural synchrony
Somatic nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Afferent fibers
49. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Organizational hormones
Amino acids
Blooming and pruning
50. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Reticular formation
Cell membrane
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Neuron
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