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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Acetylcholine
Amino acids
Telencephalon
2. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Vasopressin
Glutamate
Organizational hormones
Synaptic vessels
3. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Neural synchrony
4. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Hormones (type)
Cell membrane
Tegmentum
Afferent fibers
5. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Hormones (type)
Alpha waves
Neuron
Diencephalon
6. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
resting potential
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
7. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
Neuron
Mesencephalon
Afferent fibers
8. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Schwann cells
Autonomic nervous system
Gray matter
Endorphins
9. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Somatic nervous system
Nodes of Ranvier
Parietal lobe
Vasopressin
10. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Amygdala
Cingulate gyrus
Apraxia
Synapse gap
11. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Myelencephalon
Agraphia
Synapse gap
Limbic system
12. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Superior colliculus
Reticular formation
Electroencephalogram
Agraphia
13. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Alexia
Sham rage
Synaptic vessels
Autonomic nervous system
14. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Neuron
Vasopressin
Blood-brain barrier
Cingulate gyrus
15. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Somatic nervous system
Pituitary gland
Metencephalon
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
16. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Agraphia
Hindbrain
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
17. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
White Matter
Absolute refractory period
Indolamines
Somatic nervous system
18. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Hindbrain
H-Y antigen
Glutamate
Parietal lobe
19. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Organizational hormones
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Indolamines
Gyri
20. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
menarche
Brain evolution
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
21. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
menarche
Occipital lobe
Oligodendrocytes
White Matter
22. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
White matter
Amino acids
Blooming and pruning
Hippocampus
23. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Reticular formation
Spine (subsystem)
Gray matter
24. Gray matter - white matter
Spine (subsystem)
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Apraxia
Delta waves
25. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Inferior colliculus
Hippocampus
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Neurotransmitters
26. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Soma
Basal ganglia
Presynaptic cell
Hypothalamus
27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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28. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Autonomic nervous system
Tegmentum
Pituitary gland
Sleep spindles
29. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Nodes of Ranvier
Synapse gap
Sympathetic nervous system
Hippocampus
30. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Antagonists
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Forebrain (division)
Alpha waves
31. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Absolute refractory period
Soma
Neural synchrony
Blooming and pruning
32. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
resting potential
Meninges
Hippocampus
Central Nervous System (CNS)
33. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Blooming and pruning
Hyperphagia
Tegmentum
Wernicke'S aphasia
34. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Frontal lobe
Basal ganglia
Efferent fibers
Agonists
35. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Cingulate gyrus
Neuron
Hormones (type)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
36. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
menarche
Catecholamines
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Tegmentum
37. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Forebrain (division)
Glial cells
Sympathetic nervous system
Hypothalamus
38. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
White Matter
Delta waves
Frontal lobe
Tegmentum
39. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
H-Y antigen
Spine (subsystem)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
40. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Amino acids
Myelin sheath
Blooming and pruning
Myelencephalon
41. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Hyperphagia
Electroencephalogram
Brain evolution
Amino acids
42. Where soma and axon connect
Synaptic vessels
Neuron
Delta waves
Axon hillock
43. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Delta waves
Myelin sheath
Neuromodulators
Activational hormones
44. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Limbic system
Neural synchrony
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Gyri
45. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Saltatory conduction
Neural synchrony
Temporal lobe
Hippocampus
46. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thalamus
Apraxia
Agonists
47. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Vasopressin
Occipital lobe
Theta waves
48. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Brain evolution
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Basal ganglia
49. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
androgens (example)
Organizational hormones
Hypothalamus
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
50. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Inferior colliculus
All-or-none law
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Neuron
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