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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






2. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






3. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






4. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






5. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






6. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






7. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






8. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






9. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






10. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






11. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






12. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






13. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






14. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






15. Fissures seen on cortex surface






16. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






17. Connections between brain and spine






18. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






19. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






20. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






21. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






22. Provide myelin in central nervous system






23. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






24. Bumps seen on cortex surface






25. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






26. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






27. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






28. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






29. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






30. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






31. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






32. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






33. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






34. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






35. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






36. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






37. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






38. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






39. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






40. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






41. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






42. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






43. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






44. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






45. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






46. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






47. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






48. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






49. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






50. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters