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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






2. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






3. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






4. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






5. Inactivated state of a neuron






6. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






7. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






8. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






9. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






10. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






11. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






12. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






13. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






14. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






15. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






16. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






17. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






18. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






19. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






20. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






21. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






22. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






23. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






24. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






25. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






26. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






27. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






28. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






29. Fissures seen on cortex surface






30. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






31. Where soma and axon connect






32. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






33. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






34. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






35. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






36. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






37. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






38. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






39. Connections between brain and spine






40. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






41. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






42. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






43. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






44. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






45. Provide myelin in central nervous system






46. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






47. Made up of brain and spinal cord






48. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






49. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






50. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses