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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






2. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






3. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






4. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






5. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






6. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






7. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






8. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






9. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






10. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






11. Gray matter - white matter






12. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






13. Inactivated state of a neuron






14. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






15. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






16. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






17. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






18. Where soma and axon connect






19. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






20. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






21. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






22. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






23. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






24. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






25. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






26. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






27. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






28. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






29. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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31. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






32. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






33. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






34. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






35. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






36. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






37. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






38. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






39. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






40. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






41. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






42. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






43. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






44. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






45. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






46. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






47. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






48. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






49. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






50. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan