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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






2. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






3. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






4. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






5. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






6. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






7. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






8. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






9. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






10. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






11. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






12. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






13. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






14. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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16. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






17. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






19. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






20. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






21. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






22. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






23. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






24. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






25. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






26. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






28. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






29. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






30. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






31. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






32. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






33. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






34. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






35. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






36. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






37. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






38. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






39. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






40. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






41. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






42. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






43. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






44. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






45. Holds neurotransmitters






46. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






47. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






48. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






49. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






50. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front