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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Autonomic nervous system
Agonists
Thalamus
Hormones (type)
2. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Activational hormones
Delta waves
Sympathetic nervous system
3. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Axon
Relative refractory period
Amino acids
4. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Delta waves
Activational hormones
Oligodendrocytes
Brain evolution
5. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Acetylcholine
Schwann cells
Sulci
6. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Hyperphagia
Mesencephalon
Tectum
Axon hillock
7. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Cell membrane
Amygdala
Parietal lobe
8. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Telencephalon
estrogen
Metencephalon
Terminal buttons
9. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
fMRI
Efferent fibers
Cingulate gyrus
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
10. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Agnosia
Vasopressin
Blood-brain barrier
11. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Theta waves
Stereotaxic instruments
Neuromodulators
12. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Tectum
Autonomic nervous system
Indolamines
Organizational hormones
13. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
androgens (example)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Axon hillock
Electroencephalogram
14. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Nodes of Ranvier
Neuromodulators
White matter
Soma
15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Agraphia
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Organizational hormones
Gyri
16. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Autonomic nervous system
Hyperphagia
Agonists
Sympathetic nervous system
17. Organizational and activational
Axon hillock
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Hormones (type)
Blooming and pruning
18. Where soma and axon connect
oxytocin
Forebrain (division)
Synapse gap
Axon hillock
19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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20. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Alexia
Parasympathetic nervous system
Superior colliculus
Apraxia
21. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Organizational hormones
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Glutamate
Activational hormones
22. Connections between brain and spine
Corticospinal tract
Oligodendrocytes
Endorphins
Terminal buttons
23. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Agnosia
Gray matter
Soma
Temporal lobe
24. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Electroencephalogram
Steps in neural transmission
Meninges
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
25. Inactivated state of a neuron
Absolute refractory period
resting potential
Terminal buttons
Thalamus
26. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Thalamus
Relative refractory period
estrogen
27. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Sulci
Relative refractory period
Nodes of Ranvier
28. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
White Matter
oxytocin
Corticospinal tract
Pituitary gland
29. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
reuptake
Neuron
Meninges
Agnosia
30. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Neuron
Cingulate gyrus
resting potential
31. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
reuptake
Forebrain (division)
Myelin sheath
32. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
menarche
H-Y antigen
Cingulate gyrus
Neuromodulators
33. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
postsynaptic potentials
Telencephalon
Vasopressin
Thalamus
34. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Oligodendrocytes
Cortical association areas
Blooming and pruning
Thyroid stimulating hormone
35. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Blooming and pruning
Sleep cycles
Schwann cells
Neural synchrony
36. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Catecholamines
Efferent fibers
Forebrain (division)
Afferent fibers
37. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Indolamines
Sleep cycles
Nodes of Ranvier
androgens (example)
38. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Schwann cells
Temporal lobe
Metencephalon
Inferior colliculus
39. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Steps in neural transmission
Limbic system
estrogen
Thyroid stimulating hormone
40. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Endorphins
Neurotransmitters
Corticospinal tract
Hyperphagia
41. Gray matter - white matter
Presynaptic cell
Axon hillock
Spine (subsystem)
Limbic system
42. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Diencephalon
Stereotaxic instruments
Apraxia
Antagonists
43. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
androgens (example)
Dendrites
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Neuromodulators
44. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Tegmentum
oxytocin
Reticular formation
Activational hormones
45. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Temporal lobe
Blooming and pruning
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Schwann cells
46. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Catecholamines
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Wernicke'S aphasia
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Inferior colliculus
Indolamines
Glutamate
Neuromodulators
48. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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49. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Frontal lobe
Absolute refractory period
Axon hillock
Diencephalon
50. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Gyri
Forebrain (division)
Metencephalon
Thyroid stimulating hormone