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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Meninges
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Diencephalon
Absolute refractory period
2. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Agraphia
Parasympathetic nervous system
Organizational hormones
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
3. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Mesencephalon
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
4. Organizational and activational
Indolamines
Saltatory conduction
Agnosia
Hormones (type)
5. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Saltatory conduction
Broca'S aphasia
Activational hormones
Electroencephalogram
6. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Theta waves
Myelin sheath
Schwann cells
Sympathetic nervous system
7. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
oxytocin
Saltatory conduction
White Matter
8. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Blooming and pruning
Wernicke'S aphasia
Dendrites
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
9. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Telencephalon
Glial cells
Synapse gap
Antagonists
10. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Forebrain (division)
Neurotransmitters
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Theta waves
11. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Neurotransmitters
Organizational hormones
Cingulate gyrus
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
12. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Telencephalon
Organizational hormones
Hypothalamus
H-Y antigen
13. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Sleep spindles
Diencephalon
Glial cells
Saltatory conduction
14. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Steps in neural transmission
Gray matter
Blooming and pruning
Activational hormones
15. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Glutamate
Pituitary gland
Alpha waves
Relative refractory period
16. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Monoamines
Synaptic vessels
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Neurotransmitters
17. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Reticular formation
Sleep cycles
Superior colliculus
Gyri
18. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Reticular formation
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Sympathetic nervous system
19. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Glial cells
Endorphins
Soma
Acetylcholine
20. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Postsynaptic cell
Alexia
Neural synchrony
Inferior colliculus
21. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Theta waves
Agonists
Hypothalamus
Neuron
22. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Sleep spindles
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
menarche
23. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
oxytocin
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Tectum
Hormones (type)
24. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Efferent fibers
Rebound effect
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Broca'S aphasia
25. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Limbic system
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Metencephalon
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
26. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Terminal buttons
Temporal lobe
Hypothalamus
Sham rage
27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Brain evolution
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Agnosia
Steps in neural transmission
28. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Amygdala
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Oligodendrocytes
Sleep spindles
29. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Cingulate gyrus
Axon
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Amygdala
30. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Telencephalon
Mesencephalon
Efferent fibers
Frontal lobe
31. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Monoamines
Sleep spindles
Superior colliculus
Afferent fibers
32. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Limbic system
Sulci
Cell membrane
Amygdala
33. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Neurotransmitters
Rebound effect
All-or-none law
Myelencephalon
34. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Myelin sheath
Occipital lobe
Neural synchrony
Diencephalon
35. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Brain evolution
Gray matter
Tectum
Presynaptic cell
36. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Sleep spindles
Corticospinal tract
Diencephalon
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Agraphia
Inferior colliculus
Absolute refractory period
38. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Tegmentum
Theta waves
Neurotransmitters
39. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Cortical association areas
Myelencephalon
Electroencephalogram
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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41. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Hyperphagia
Neuromodulators
Neurotransmitters
Blood-brain barrier
42. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Pituitary gland
Dendrites
Catecholamines
43. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Rebound effect
Hyperphagia
Soma
Hormones (type)
44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Glial cells
Broca'S aphasia
Alexia
45. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Basal ganglia
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
White matter
resting potential
46. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Blood-brain barrier
Synaptic vessels
Glutamate
Brain evolution
47. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Synaptic vessels
Pituitary gland
Relative refractory period
Cortical association areas
48. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Dendrites
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Meninges
H-Y antigen
49. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
postsynaptic potentials
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Brain evolution
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
50. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Parasympathetic nervous system
Hippocampus
White Matter
Dendrites
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