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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






2. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






3. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






4. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






5. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






6. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






7. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






8. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






9. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






10. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






11. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






12. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






13. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






14. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






15. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






16. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






17. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






18. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






19. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






20. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






21. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






22. Bumps seen on cortex surface






23. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






24. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






25. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






26. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






27. Where soma and axon connect






28. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






29. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






30. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






31. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






32. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






33. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






34. Gray matter - white matter






35. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






36. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






37. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






38. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






39. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






40. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






41. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






42. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






43. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






44. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






45. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






46. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






48. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






49. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






50. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential







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