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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






2. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






3. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






4. Made up of brain and spinal cord






5. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






6. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






7. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






8. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






9. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






10. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






11. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






12. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






13. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






14. Connections between brain and spine






15. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






16. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






17. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






18. Holds neurotransmitters






19. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






20. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






21. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






22. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






23. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






24. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






25. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






26. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






27. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






28. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






29. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






30. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






31. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






32. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






33. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






34. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






35. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






36. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






37. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






38. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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40. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






41. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






42. Gray matter - white matter






43. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






44. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






45. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






46. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






47. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






48. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






49. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






50. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter