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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






2. Fissures seen on cortex surface






3. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






4. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






5. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






6. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






7. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






8. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






9. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






10. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






11. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






12. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






13. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






14. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






15. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






16. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






17. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






18. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






19. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






20. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






21. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






22. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






23. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






24. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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25. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






26. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






27. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






28. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






29. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






30. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






31. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






32. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






33. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






34. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






35. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






36. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






37. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






38. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






39. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






40. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






41. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






42. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






43. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






45. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






46. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






47. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






48. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






49. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






50. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates







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