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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
fMRI
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
postsynaptic potentials
2. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Glial cells
oxytocin
Axon hillock
Diencephalon
3. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Antagonists
Telencephalon
Vasopressin
PET
4. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Relative refractory period
Beta waves
Agnosia
5. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Hyperphagia
Nodes of Ranvier
Metencephalon
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
6. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Thalamus
Efferent fibers
Limbic system
Metencephalon
7. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Monoamines
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
estrogen
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
8. Organizational and activational
postsynaptic potentials
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
fMRI
Hormones (type)
9. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Myelencephalon
Agonists
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Organizational hormones
10. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Hindbrain
Nodes of Ranvier
Relative refractory period
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
11. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Reticular formation
Gray matter
Ventricles
Temporal lobe
12. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Ventricles
Stereotaxic instruments
PET
Amino acids
13. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Spine (subsystem)
Catecholamines
Beta waves
Alpha waves
14. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Cingulate gyrus
Metencephalon
reuptake
15. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Somatic nervous system
Axon hillock
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
resting potential
16. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Ventricles
Meninges
fMRI
Blood-brain barrier
17. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Antagonists
Agraphia
18. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Thalamus
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Glutamate
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Corticospinal tract
Tectum
Alexia
Blooming and pruning
20. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Meninges
Brain evolution
postsynaptic potentials
Sleep spindles
21. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
H-Y antigen
Postsynaptic cell
Endorphins
22. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Hindbrain
Hippocampus
23. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Axon
Meninges
Relative refractory period
24. Connections between brain and spine
Brain evolution
Nodes of Ranvier
Corticospinal tract
Somatic nervous system
25. Holds neurotransmitters
Axon
Inferior colliculus
Synaptic vessels
Amino acids
26. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Amygdala
Brain evolution
Soma
Steps in neural transmission
27. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Occipital lobe
Ventricles
Beta waves
Gyri
28. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
H-Y antigen
Acetylcholine
Axon hillock
29. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Glutamate
Alpha waves
Apraxia
30. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Schwann cells
Myelencephalon
Acetylcholine
Neuron
31. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Telencephalon
Presynaptic cell
Tegmentum
Sympathetic nervous system
32. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Endorphins
Dendrites
Cingulate gyrus
Sham rage
33. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Amygdala
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Steps in neural transmission
Sleep cycles
34. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Occipital lobe
Neuron
Telencephalon
Steps in neural transmission
35. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Amygdala
Saltatory conduction
Basal ganglia
Frontal lobe
36. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Steps in neural transmission
Dendrites
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
37. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Sleep cycles
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Absolute refractory period
Gyri
38. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Blooming and pruning
White matter
Acetylcholine
39. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Activational hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Inferior colliculus
Agraphia
40. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Basal ganglia
Amygdala
Postsynaptic cell
41. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Synapse gap
Forebrain (division)
Hindbrain
Presynaptic cell
42. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Neuromodulators
androgens (example)
fMRI
43. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Sleep spindles
Antagonists
Synapse gap
Wernicke'S aphasia
44. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
White matter
Occipital lobe
Alpha waves
resting potential
45. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Somatic nervous system
Hyperphagia
Broca'S aphasia
Glial cells
46. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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47. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Forebrain (division)
Synaptic vessels
Telencephalon
Afferent fibers
48. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Tectum
Electroencephalogram
Schwann cells
Amino acids
49. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Thalamus
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Reticular formation
Oligodendrocytes
50. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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