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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Mesencephalon
Glial cells
Basal ganglia
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
2. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Somatic nervous system
Cortical association areas
Blood-brain barrier
Synaptic vessels
3. Where soma and axon connect
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Axon hillock
Hyperphagia
Nodes of Ranvier
4. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
White matter
Beta waves
Myelencephalon
Brain evolution
5. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Delta waves
Sham rage
Afferent fibers
Meninges
6. Inactivated state of a neuron
Brain evolution
Temporal lobe
resting potential
reuptake
7. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Parietal lobe
Cell membrane
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
8. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
reuptake
Indolamines
Electroencephalogram
H-Y antigen
9. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Agraphia
Cell membrane
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Synapse gap
10. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
androgens (example)
Gray matter
Hyperphagia
Neurotransmitters
11. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
androgens (example)
Parasympathetic nervous system
fMRI
Cortical association areas
12. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Catecholamines
Delta waves
Inferior colliculus
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
13. Holds neurotransmitters
Synaptic vessels
Parasympathetic nervous system
Myelencephalon
Synapse gap
14. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
Autonomic nervous system
Relative refractory period
All-or-none law
15. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Ventricles
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Brain evolution
Monoamines
16. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Presynaptic cell
Agnosia
menarche
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
17. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Tectum
Postsynaptic cell
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Hippocampus
Apraxia
Schwann cells
Indolamines
19. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Gyri
Presynaptic cell
androgens (example)
20. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
PET
H-Y antigen
Terminal buttons
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
21. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Amino acids
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
fMRI
22. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Hypothalamus
reuptake
Mesencephalon
Telencephalon
23. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Hypothalamus
Monoamines
Glutamate
24. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Monoamines
Neuromodulators
Temporal lobe
Acetylcholine
25. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Neuron
Sympathetic nervous system
Forebrain (division)
Gray matter
26. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Myelin sheath
PET
Vasopressin
Telencephalon
27. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Soma
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Saltatory conduction
Acetylcholine
28. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Activational hormones
Cingulate gyrus
Agnosia
29. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Axon hillock
Afferent fibers
Sulci
Synapse gap
30. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
White Matter
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
31. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Agonists
Nodes of Ranvier
resting potential
androgens (example)
32. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Synapse gap
Sleep spindles
androgens (example)
Glutamate
33. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Axon
Hypothalamus
Sham rage
Nodes of Ranvier
34. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Pituitary gland
Oligodendrocytes
Parietal lobe
35. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Hormones (type)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Amino acids
36. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Relative refractory period
Electroencephalogram
Reticular formation
37. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Neuromodulators
Sleep cycles
resting potential
Dendrites
38. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Synaptic vessels
Rebound effect
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Nodes of Ranvier
39. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Brain evolution
Oligodendrocytes
postsynaptic potentials
40. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Mesencephalon
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Presynaptic cell
Absolute refractory period
41. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
PET
Ventricles
42. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Telencephalon
Gray matter
Tectum
Diencephalon
43. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Steps in neural transmission
Organizational hormones
Pituitary gland
Alpha waves
44. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Frontal lobe
Blooming and pruning
Parasympathetic nervous system
45. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Neuromodulators
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Neural synchrony
Delta waves
46. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Reticular formation
Absolute refractory period
Vasopressin
Efferent fibers
47. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
estrogen
Myelin sheath
Tegmentum
Saltatory conduction
48. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Catecholamines
Axon hillock
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
49. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Spine (subsystem)
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Stereotaxic instruments
50. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Absolute refractory period
Sham rage
Ventricles
Relative refractory period