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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






2. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






3. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






4. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






5. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






6. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






7. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






8. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






9. Bumps seen on cortex surface






10. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






11. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






12. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






13. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






14. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






15. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






16. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






17. Made up of brain and spinal cord






18. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






19. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






20. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






21. Gray matter - white matter






22. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






23. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






24. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






25. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






26. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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27. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






28. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






29. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






30. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






31. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






32. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






33. Where soma and axon connect






34. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






35. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






36. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






37. Fissures seen on cortex surface






38. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






39. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






40. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






41. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






42. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






43. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






44. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






45. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






46. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






47. Holds neurotransmitters






48. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






49. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






50. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells