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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






2. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






3. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






4. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






5. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






6. Connections between brain and spine






7. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






8. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






9. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






10. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






11. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






12. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






13. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






14. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






15. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






16. Made up of brain and spinal cord






17. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






19. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






20. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






21. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)


22. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






23. Holds neurotransmitters






24. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






25. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






26. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






27. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






28. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






29. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






30. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






31. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






32. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






33. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






34. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






35. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






36. Bumps seen on cortex surface






37. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






38. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






39. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






40. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






41. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






42. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






43. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






44. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






45. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






46. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






47. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






48. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






49. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






50. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)