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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






2. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






3. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






4. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






5. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






6. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






7. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






8. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






9. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






10. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






11. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






12. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






13. Gray matter - white matter






14. Bumps seen on cortex surface






15. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






16. Inactivated state of a neuron






17. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






18. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






19. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






20. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






21. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






22. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






23. Holds neurotransmitters






24. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






25. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






26. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






27. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






28. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






29. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






30. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






31. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






32. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






33. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






34. Organizational and activational






35. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






36. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






38. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






39. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






40. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






41. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






42. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






43. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






44. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






45. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






46. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






47. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






48. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






49. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






50. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath