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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






2. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






3. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






4. Made up of brain and spinal cord






5. Gray matter - white matter






6. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






7. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






8. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






9. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






10. Where soma and axon connect






11. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






12. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






13. Fissures seen on cortex surface






14. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






15. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






16. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






17. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






18. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






19. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






20. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






21. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






22. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






23. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






24. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






25. Inactivated state of a neuron






26. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






27. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






28. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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29. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






30. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






31. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






32. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






33. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






34. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






35. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






36. Bumps seen on cortex surface






37. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






38. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






39. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






40. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






41. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






42. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






43. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






44. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






45. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






46. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






47. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






48. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






49. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






50. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation