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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






2. Holds neurotransmitters






3. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






4. Where soma and axon connect






5. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






6. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






7. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






8. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






9. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






10. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






11. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






12. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






13. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






14. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






15. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






16. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






17. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






18. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






19. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






20. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






21. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






22. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






23. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






24. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






25. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






26. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






27. Connections between brain and spine






28. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






29. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






30. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






31. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






32. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






33. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






34. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






35. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






36. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






37. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






38. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






39. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






40. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






41. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






42. Gray matter - white matter






43. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






44. Fissures seen on cortex surface






45. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






46. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






47. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






48. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






49. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






50. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)