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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






2. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






3. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






4. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






5. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






6. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






7. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






8. Organizational and activational






9. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






10. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






11. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






12. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






13. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






14. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






15. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






16. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






17. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






18. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






20. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






21. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






22. Made up of brain and spinal cord






23. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






24. Connections between brain and spine






25. Holds neurotransmitters






26. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






27. Bumps seen on cortex surface






28. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






29. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






30. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






31. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






32. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






33. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






34. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






35. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






36. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






37. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






38. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






39. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






40. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






41. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






42. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






43. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






44. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






45. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






46. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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47. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






48. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






49. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






50. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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