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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Soma
Gray matter
menarche
Corticospinal tract
2. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Glutamate
Reticular formation
Alpha waves
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
3. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Synaptic vessels
Beta waves
Thalamus
Absolute refractory period
4. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Absolute refractory period
Stereotaxic instruments
Schwann cells
5. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Schwann cells
Neuromodulators
Diencephalon
Hippocampus
6. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Blood-brain barrier
Amygdala
Monoamines
7. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Broca'S aphasia
Mesencephalon
Gyri
Blood-brain barrier
8. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Hypothalamus
Activational hormones
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Metencephalon
9. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Reticular formation
Broca'S aphasia
Steps in neural transmission
Thyroid stimulating hormone
10. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Acetylcholine
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Hypothalamus
Cingulate gyrus
11. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Basal ganglia
Sham rage
Neuron
Saltatory conduction
12. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Delta waves
13. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
estrogen
Oligodendrocytes
Stereotaxic instruments
14. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Parietal lobe
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Synaptic vessels
Organizational hormones
15. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Reticular formation
H-Y antigen
Myelencephalon
Somatic nervous system
16. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Forebrain (division)
White Matter
Schwann cells
Endorphins
17. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Gyri
Sulci
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Hyperphagia
18. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Wernicke'S aphasia
postsynaptic potentials
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Temporal lobe
19. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Broca'S aphasia
Telencephalon
Blooming and pruning
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
20. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Nodes of Ranvier
Inferior colliculus
Parietal lobe
Hippocampus
21. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Hypothalamus
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Indolamines
Hyperphagia
22. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Thalamus
Ventricles
Postsynaptic cell
Electroencephalogram
23. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
PET
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Basal ganglia
Forebrain (division)
24. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Limbic system
Synaptic vessels
Activational hormones
Neural synchrony
25. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
postsynaptic potentials
resting potential
White matter
fMRI
26. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
estrogen
Axon hillock
Apraxia
Frontal lobe
27. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
Myelin sheath
Sham rage
Rebound effect
28. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Frontal lobe
Catecholamines
All-or-none law
Cortical association areas
29. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Electroencephalogram
Broca'S aphasia
Saltatory conduction
Glial cells
30. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Alpha waves
Stereotaxic instruments
Glutamate
31. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Brain evolution
Glial cells
Sympathetic nervous system
Relative refractory period
32. Inactivated state of a neuron
Presynaptic cell
Hyperphagia
resting potential
Alpha waves
33. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Tegmentum
Neuron
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
fMRI
34. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Hippocampus
Tectum
Amygdala
oxytocin
35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Myelencephalon
Apraxia
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Nodes of Ranvier
36. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Amygdala
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Acetylcholine
37. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Hyperphagia
Forebrain (division)
Limbic system
38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Agraphia
Corticospinal tract
H-Y antigen
Alexia
39. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Neuron
Occipital lobe
Diencephalon
Pituitary gland
40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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41. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Cortical association areas
Agonists
Axon hillock
42. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Tegmentum
Brain evolution
Temporal lobe
Cortical association areas
43. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Blooming and pruning
Stereotaxic instruments
fMRI
PET
44. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Theta waves
Hyperphagia
Sleep spindles
45. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Steps in neural transmission
Myelencephalon
Diencephalon
Relative refractory period
46. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Glutamate
Antagonists
Myelin sheath
oxytocin
47. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
Activational hormones
Postsynaptic cell
Broca'S aphasia
estrogen
48. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Agnosia
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Occipital lobe
Ventricles
49. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Indolamines
Oligodendrocytes
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Electroencephalogram
50. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Terminal buttons
Hypothalamus
Forebrain (division)
androgens (example)