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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Relative refractory period
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Broca'S aphasia
2. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Glial cells
Limbic system
Occipital lobe
3. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Organizational hormones
Parietal lobe
Sulci
Spine (subsystem)
4. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
reuptake
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Forebrain (division)
5. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Schwann cells
Amino acids
White matter
Alpha waves
6. Connections between brain and spine
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Corticospinal tract
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Hypothalamus
7. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Cingulate gyrus
Electroencephalogram
Acetylcholine
Theta waves
8. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Synaptic vessels
Axon
Organizational hormones
Glutamate
9. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Agnosia
Steps in neural transmission
Corticospinal tract
Absolute refractory period
10. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Superior colliculus
Pituitary gland
Theta waves
Axon hillock
11. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
fMRI
Delta waves
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Catecholamines
12. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Vasopressin
Inferior colliculus
13. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Neuromodulators
Afferent fibers
Sleep spindles
Efferent fibers
14. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
reuptake
Antagonists
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Afferent fibers
15. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Mesencephalon
Sulci
androgens (example)
Synapse gap
16. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Corticospinal tract
Agonists
Tegmentum
Brain evolution
17. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
reuptake
Saltatory conduction
Blood-brain barrier
resting potential
18. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
H-Y antigen
Sympathetic nervous system
White Matter
Neuromodulators
19. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Axon hillock
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
White Matter
Hyperphagia
20. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Somatic nervous system
PET
Hyperphagia
Alpha waves
21. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Hyperphagia
Sympathetic nervous system
Vasopressin
Saltatory conduction
22. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Relative refractory period
estrogen
Hippocampus
Limbic system
23. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Mesencephalon
Sham rage
Indolamines
fMRI
24. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Forebrain (division)
Amino acids
Relative refractory period
25. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Amino acids
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Theta waves
26. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
androgens (example)
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
27. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Delta waves
White Matter
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
28. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
H-Y antigen
Rebound effect
Absolute refractory period
Parasympathetic nervous system
29. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Autonomic nervous system
Sham rage
Sleep cycles
Hindbrain
30. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Cingulate gyrus
Efferent fibers
Telencephalon
Somatic nervous system
31. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Sleep spindles
Diencephalon
Oligodendrocytes
Cortical association areas
32. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Sulci
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Relative refractory period
Myelin sheath
33. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Neuron
Hippocampus
Myelencephalon
34. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Mesencephalon
Cortical association areas
Forebrain (division)
PET
35. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Hyperphagia
Apraxia
Gyri
Delta waves
36. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
postsynaptic potentials
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Brain evolution
37. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
resting potential
Reticular formation
Theta waves
Meninges
38. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Ventricles
Parasympathetic nervous system
Tectum
Saltatory conduction
39. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Agraphia
Cortical association areas
Blooming and pruning
Meninges
40. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Thalamus
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Broca'S aphasia
41. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Theta waves
Agnosia
Organizational hormones
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
42. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Schwann cells
Frontal lobe
Tegmentum
Neural synchrony
43. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Cingulate gyrus
Dendrites
Autonomic nervous system
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
44. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Hippocampus
Hormones (type)
Afferent fibers
Temporal lobe
45. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Neuromodulators
oxytocin
Postsynaptic cell
White Matter
46. Organizational and activational
Theta waves
Hormones (type)
Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Catecholamines
Meninges
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Apraxia
48. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Hippocampus
Cell membrane
Alpha waves
Diencephalon
49. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Soma
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Relative refractory period
PET
50. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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