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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






2. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






3. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






4. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






5. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






6. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






7. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






8. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






9. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






10. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






11. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






12. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






13. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






14. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






15. Connections between brain and spine






16. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






17. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






18. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






19. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






20. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






21. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






22. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






23. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






24. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






25. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






26. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






27. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






28. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






29. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






30. Fissures seen on cortex surface






31. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






32. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






33. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






34. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






35. Holds neurotransmitters






36. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






37. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






38. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






39. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






40. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






41. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






42. Bumps seen on cortex surface






43. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






44. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






45. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






46. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






47. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






48. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






49. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






50. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells