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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inactivated state of a neuron






2. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






3. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






4. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






5. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






6. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






7. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






8. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






9. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






10. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






11. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






12. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






13. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






14. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






15. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






16. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






17. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






18. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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20. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






21. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






22. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






23. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






24. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






25. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






26. Fissures seen on cortex surface






27. Gray matter - white matter






28. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






29. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






30. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






31. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






32. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






33. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






34. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






35. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






36. Where soma and axon connect






37. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






38. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






39. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






41. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






42. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






43. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






44. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






45. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






46. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






47. Holds neurotransmitters






48. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






49. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






50. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain







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