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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Parasympathetic nervous system
Broca'S aphasia
Ventricles
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
2. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Frontal lobe
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
androgens (example)
reuptake
3. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Agnosia
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Agonists
4. Organizational and activational
Electroencephalogram
Synapse gap
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Hormones (type)
5. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Organizational hormones
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
H-Y antigen
androgens (example)
6. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Gyri
Neurotransmitters
Hypothalamus
H-Y antigen
7. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
menarche
Temporal lobe
Hormones (type)
Stereotaxic instruments
8. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Neuron
Cell membrane
Mesencephalon
Glutamate
9. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Autonomic nervous system
Alpha waves
PET
Cortical association areas
10. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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11. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Sympathetic nervous system
Agraphia
Hyperphagia
Superior colliculus
12. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Steps in neural transmission
All-or-none law
menarche
Blood-brain barrier
13. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
White matter
oxytocin
Amino acids
Antagonists
14. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Telencephalon
H-Y antigen
Pituitary gland
resting potential
15. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Saltatory conduction
Activational hormones
Hormones (type)
Gyri
16. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Organizational hormones
Wernicke'S aphasia
Glutamate
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
17. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Alexia
Sympathetic nervous system
androgens (example)
Brain evolution
18. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Agraphia
Activational hormones
Superior colliculus
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
19. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Dendrites
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Indolamines
20. Inactivated state of a neuron
Spine (subsystem)
Reticular formation
Synaptic vessels
resting potential
21. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Cell membrane
Catecholamines
Nodes of Ranvier
Neuromodulators
22. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Hippocampus
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
23. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Parietal lobe
Forebrain (division)
Telencephalon
24. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Nodes of Ranvier
Rebound effect
Myelin sheath
menarche
25. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Tectum
Relative refractory period
Sleep cycles
PET
26. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Delta waves
Hippocampus
Sleep spindles
PET
27. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Sleep spindles
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Absolute refractory period
28. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
PET
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Telencephalon
29. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Sulci
Pituitary gland
Agnosia
Amygdala
30. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
White Matter
Endorphins
Monoamines
31. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Neurotransmitters
Meninges
Electroencephalogram
Axon hillock
32. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Agonists
estrogen
Frontal lobe
reuptake
33. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
White matter
Amygdala
Stereotaxic instruments
Thalamus
34. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Agnosia
Synaptic vessels
Neuromodulators
35. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Neurotransmitters
Tegmentum
Neuron
Blooming and pruning
36. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
All-or-none law
Afferent fibers
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
37. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Delta waves
Axon hillock
38. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Presynaptic cell
Nodes of Ranvier
Neural synchrony
Reticular formation
39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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40. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Hormones (type)
Gyri
Apraxia
Neural synchrony
41. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
reuptake
Somatic nervous system
Terminal buttons
Wernicke'S aphasia
42. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Brain evolution
Nodes of Ranvier
Autonomic nervous system
43. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Absolute refractory period
Limbic system
Theta waves
Myelencephalon
44. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Monoamines
Hypothalamus
Forebrain (division)
Hippocampus
45. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
oxytocin
Mesencephalon
Spine (subsystem)
Blood-brain barrier
46. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Ventricles
Monoamines
Myelencephalon
White Matter
47. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
oxytocin
Agraphia
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
48. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Absolute refractory period
Occipital lobe
Hindbrain
Soma
49. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Presynaptic cell
Soma
Sympathetic nervous system
Myelin sheath
50. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Superior colliculus
postsynaptic potentials
Hippocampus