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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
White matter
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
2. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Electroencephalogram
Myelin sheath
Reticular formation
Agraphia
3. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Sham rage
Myelencephalon
Temporal lobe
Limbic system
4. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Endorphins
Steps in neural transmission
Beta waves
Organizational hormones
5. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
reuptake
Hormones (type)
Neuromodulators
Metencephalon
6. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
postsynaptic potentials
estrogen
Neurotransmitters
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
7. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
White matter
Thalamus
Alexia
Ventricles
8. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Telencephalon
Hormones (type)
Limbic system
Monoamines
9. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Reticular formation
Soma
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Spine (subsystem)
10. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Saltatory conduction
Diencephalon
Telencephalon
Hyperphagia
11. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Terminal buttons
Relative refractory period
Metencephalon
12. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Blood-brain barrier
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Neural synchrony
Glutamate
13. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Myelencephalon
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Alexia
Reticular formation
14. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Pituitary gland
Acetylcholine
15. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Amygdala
Ventricles
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
16. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Agraphia
Afferent fibers
PET
estrogen
17. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Synapse gap
PET
Forebrain (division)
H-Y antigen
18. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Axon hillock
Neural synchrony
Cortical association areas
Terminal buttons
19. Inactivated state of a neuron
fMRI
Absolute refractory period
menarche
resting potential
20. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Sulci
Electroencephalogram
Meninges
Blood-brain barrier
21. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Neurotransmitters
Frontal lobe
Synapse gap
Blooming and pruning
22. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Myelencephalon
Hyperphagia
Neuromodulators
Sham rage
23. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Hypothalamus
Glial cells
Beta waves
24. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Ventricles
Glutamate
Sleep cycles
Corticospinal tract
25. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Saltatory conduction
White Matter
Hypothalamus
Neuron
26. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Alpha waves
Gray matter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Sympathetic nervous system
27. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Antagonists
Blood-brain barrier
Acetylcholine
Hindbrain
28. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Oligodendrocytes
Basal ganglia
Antagonists
Hyperphagia
29. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Organizational hormones
Blooming and pruning
Acetylcholine
Hindbrain
30. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Telencephalon
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
White Matter
Ventricles
31. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Glial cells
Activational hormones
Neural synchrony
32. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Dendrites
Neuron
Steps in neural transmission
Absolute refractory period
33. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Tegmentum
Synapse gap
Amygdala
34. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Neural synchrony
Sympathetic nervous system
Broca'S aphasia
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
35. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Soma
Stereotaxic instruments
Hypothalamus
Alpha waves
36. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Vasopressin
Sleep cycles
Spine (subsystem)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
37. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
All-or-none law
Electroencephalogram
Forebrain (division)
Myelin sheath
38. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Theta waves
Relative refractory period
Diencephalon
Saltatory conduction
39. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Parietal lobe
Blooming and pruning
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Sympathetic nervous system
40. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Frontal lobe
PET
Delta waves
Thyroid stimulating hormone
41. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Catecholamines
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Limbic system
Afferent fibers
42. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Agonists
Sleep spindles
Soma
Cingulate gyrus
43. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Frontal lobe
Reticular formation
Efferent fibers
44. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Postsynaptic cell
Schwann cells
Nodes of Ranvier
Sham rage
45. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
postsynaptic potentials
Beta waves
Myelin sheath
Amygdala
46. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Ventricles
fMRI
Theta waves
Stereotaxic instruments
47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Inferior colliculus
Apraxia
Somatic nervous system
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
48. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Agonists
Pituitary gland
Synapse gap
Oligodendrocytes
49. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Sham rage
Corticospinal tract
Alpha waves
Catecholamines
50. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Amino acids
Reticular formation
Axon
Tegmentum