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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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2. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






3. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






4. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






5. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






6. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






7. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






8. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






9. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






10. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






11. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






12. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






13. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






14. Made up of brain and spinal cord






15. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






16. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






17. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






18. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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20. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






21. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






22. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






23. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






24. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






25. Bumps seen on cortex surface






26. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






27. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






28. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






29. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






30. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






31. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






32. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






33. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






34. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






35. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






36. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






37. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






38. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






39. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






40. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






41. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






42. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






43. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






44. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






45. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






46. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






47. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






48. Gray matter - white matter






49. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






50. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing