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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






2. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






3. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






4. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






5. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






6. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






7. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






8. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






9. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






10. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






11. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






12. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






13. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






14. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






15. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






16. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






17. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






18. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






19. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






20. Bumps seen on cortex surface






21. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






22. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






23. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






24. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






25. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






26. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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28. Provide myelin in central nervous system






29. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






30. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






31. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






32. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






33. Where soma and axon connect






34. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






35. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






36. Inactivated state of a neuron






37. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






38. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






39. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






40. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






41. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






42. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






43. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






44. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






45. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






46. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






48. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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49. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






50. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states