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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Tectum
Hyperphagia
Neuron
Apraxia
2. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Efferent fibers
Pituitary gland
Blood-brain barrier
Tectum
3. Connections between brain and spine
Soma
menarche
Activational hormones
Corticospinal tract
4. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Sham rage
Electroencephalogram
Nodes of Ranvier
Antagonists
5. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Forebrain (division)
White matter
Indolamines
6. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Neurotransmitters
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
7. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
White Matter
Relative refractory period
8. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Neural synchrony
White matter
Activational hormones
Hyperphagia
9. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Delta waves
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
oxytocin
Oligodendrocytes
10. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
reuptake
Thyroid stimulating hormone
All-or-none law
Steps in neural transmission
11. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Oligodendrocytes
Blooming and pruning
12. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Hindbrain
Agraphia
Sulci
Myelencephalon
13. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Hippocampus
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
reuptake
Rebound effect
14. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Meninges
Occipital lobe
androgens (example)
Vasopressin
15. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Oligodendrocytes
Relative refractory period
Alpha waves
menarche
16. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Reticular formation
Indolamines
Gray matter
Tectum
17. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Glial cells
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Indolamines
Hypothalamus
18. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Myelin sheath
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
White Matter
All-or-none law
19. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Antagonists
Glial cells
Basal ganglia
Sympathetic nervous system
20. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Hormones (type)
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Central Nervous System (CNS)
21. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Reticular formation
Antagonists
Frontal lobe
Mesencephalon
22. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Stereotaxic instruments
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Neuron
23. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Amygdala
Sham rage
Agraphia
Catecholamines
24. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Blooming and pruning
Stereotaxic instruments
Tegmentum
Synapse gap
25. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
Autonomic nervous system
Nodes of Ranvier
Amygdala
26. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Dendrites
estrogen
Inferior colliculus
Efferent fibers
27. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Rebound effect
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
All-or-none law
28. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Neural synchrony
menarche
Vasopressin
Endorphins
29. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Frontal lobe
Sleep cycles
Organizational hormones
Pituitary gland
30. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Indolamines
Monoamines
Sleep cycles
31. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Sleep cycles
Agraphia
Schwann cells
Mesencephalon
32. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Diencephalon
Amino acids
fMRI
Beta waves
33. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Meninges
Sleep spindles
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Alpha waves
34. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Basal ganglia
Brain evolution
Autonomic nervous system
Ventricles
35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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36. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Limbic system
Alexia
Blooming and pruning
Monoamines
37. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Basal ganglia
Stereotaxic instruments
Sympathetic nervous system
Cingulate gyrus
38. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Alpha waves
Reticular formation
Inferior colliculus
Steps in neural transmission
39. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Gray matter
Amygdala
Reticular formation
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
40. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Endorphins
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Hippocampus
Rebound effect
41. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
oxytocin
Rebound effect
Organizational hormones
Hindbrain
42. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Basal ganglia
Absolute refractory period
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Schwann cells
43. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Glial cells
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Nodes of Ranvier
Endorphins
44. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
Brain evolution
White Matter
Telencephalon
45. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Cortical association areas
androgens (example)
Neural synchrony
Frontal lobe
46. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Meninges
H-Y antigen
Axon hillock
Cortical association areas
47. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Afferent fibers
Alpha waves
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Meninges
48. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Occipital lobe
Thalamus
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Sleep spindles
49. Gray matter - white matter
Neuromodulators
androgens (example)
Organizational hormones
Spine (subsystem)
50. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Occipital lobe
Alpha waves
Forebrain (division)
Endorphins