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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






2. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






3. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






4. Organizational and activational






5. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






6. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






7. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






8. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






9. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






10. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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11. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






12. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






13. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






14. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






15. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






16. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






17. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






18. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






19. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






20. Inactivated state of a neuron






21. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






22. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






23. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






24. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






25. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






26. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






27. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






28. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






29. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






30. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






31. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






32. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






33. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






34. Made up of brain and spinal cord






35. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






36. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






37. Provide myelin in central nervous system






38. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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40. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






41. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






42. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






43. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






44. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






45. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






46. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






47. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






48. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






49. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






50. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)