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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






2. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






3. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






4. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






5. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






6. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






7. Provide myelin in central nervous system






8. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






9. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






10. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






11. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






12. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






13. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






14. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






16. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






17. Organizational and activational






18. Where soma and axon connect






19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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20. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






21. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






22. Connections between brain and spine






23. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






24. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






25. Inactivated state of a neuron






26. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






27. Fissures seen on cortex surface






28. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






29. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






30. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






31. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






32. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






33. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






34. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






35. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






36. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






37. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






38. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






39. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






40. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






41. Gray matter - white matter






42. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






43. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






44. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






45. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






46. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






48. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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49. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






50. Of pituitary - activates thyroid