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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Forebrain (division)
Gray matter
All-or-none law
Neurotransmitters
2. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Tectum
Gyri
Nodes of Ranvier
Electroencephalogram
3. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Pituitary gland
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Neuromodulators
Frontal lobe
4. Where soma and axon connect
Presynaptic cell
Saltatory conduction
Axon hillock
Glial cells
5. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Alpha waves
Sulci
Occipital lobe
Blood-brain barrier
6. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Saltatory conduction
Parasympathetic nervous system
Brain evolution
Neural synchrony
7. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Parietal lobe
Neural synchrony
Metencephalon
Mesencephalon
8. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Basal ganglia
9. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
fMRI
Alpha waves
Sleep cycles
Absolute refractory period
10. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Electroencephalogram
Frontal lobe
Inferior colliculus
estrogen
11. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Sleep spindles
Terminal buttons
Frontal lobe
Meninges
12. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Hyperphagia
Organizational hormones
Efferent fibers
13. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
Glial cells
postsynaptic potentials
Gray matter
14. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
menarche
Apraxia
Glial cells
Diencephalon
15. Gray matter - white matter
Cortical association areas
Axon hillock
Stereotaxic instruments
Spine (subsystem)
16. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Dendrites
Axon
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Parietal lobe
17. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
androgens (example)
Corticospinal tract
All-or-none law
Activational hormones
18. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Cortical association areas
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Temporal lobe
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
19. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Tegmentum
Nodes of Ranvier
Terminal buttons
Amino acids
20. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Glutamate
Meninges
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Basal ganglia
21. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Limbic system
Temporal lobe
Catecholamines
Corticospinal tract
22. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Postsynaptic cell
reuptake
Meninges
Hippocampus
23. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Somatic nervous system
Hindbrain
Tegmentum
Ventricles
24. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Nodes of Ranvier
Absolute refractory period
25. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Axon hillock
Electroencephalogram
Theta waves
Acetylcholine
26. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Cell membrane
Reticular formation
Sleep cycles
Hyperphagia
27. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutamate
Antagonists
Alpha waves
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
28. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Temporal lobe
White matter
Gray matter
Broca'S aphasia
29. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Beta waves
Apraxia
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Diencephalon
30. Holds neurotransmitters
Synaptic vessels
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Absolute refractory period
estrogen
31. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
White Matter
Reticular formation
Mesencephalon
Cortical association areas
32. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Mesencephalon
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Efferent fibers
33. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Glutamate
Dendrites
All-or-none law
Myelencephalon
34. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Nodes of Ranvier
Hypothalamus
oxytocin
35. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Rebound effect
Corticospinal tract
Beta waves
36. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
All-or-none law
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Temporal lobe
Antagonists
37. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
reuptake
Postsynaptic cell
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Organizational hormones
38. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Sham rage
Hypothalamus
Occipital lobe
Tectum
39. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Apraxia
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Pituitary gland
40. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Dendrites
Gyri
Beta waves
41. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Glutamate
Hyperphagia
Spine (subsystem)
42. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Glutamate
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Blood-brain barrier
43. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Catecholamines
Agraphia
Sleep cycles
44. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
menarche
Forebrain (division)
Hypothalamus
Tectum
45. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Glial cells
Sleep cycles
Pituitary gland
Stereotaxic instruments
46. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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47. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Diencephalon
Neurotransmitters
Glial cells
Sham rage
48. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Parietal lobe
Glutamate
Cingulate gyrus
Forebrain (division)
49. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Inferior colliculus
Stereotaxic instruments
Sham rage
Catecholamines
50. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Autonomic nervous system
estrogen
Inferior colliculus
H-Y antigen
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