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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






2. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






3. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






4. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






5. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






6. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






7. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






8. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






9. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






10. Fissures seen on cortex surface






11. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






12. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






13. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






14. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






16. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






17. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






18. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






19. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






20. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






21. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






22. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






23. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






24. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






25. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






26. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






27. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






28. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






29. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






30. Connections between brain and spine






31. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






32. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






33. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






34. Holds neurotransmitters






35. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






36. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






37. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






38. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






39. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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41. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






42. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






43. Provide myelin in central nervous system






44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






45. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






46. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






47. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






48. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






49. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






50. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system