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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






2. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






3. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






4. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






5. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






6. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






7. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






8. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






9. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






10. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






11. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






12. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






13. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






14. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






15. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






16. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






17. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






18. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






19. Organizational and activational






20. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






21. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






22. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






23. Bumps seen on cortex surface






24. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






25. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






26. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






27. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






28. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






29. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






30. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






31. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






32. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






33. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






34. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






35. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






36. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






37. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






38. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






39. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






40. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






41. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system






42. Fissures seen on cortex surface






43. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






44. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






45. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






46. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






47. Gray matter - white matter






48. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






49. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






50. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath







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