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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Soma
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Brain evolution
Efferent fibers
2. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Theta waves
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Electroencephalogram
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
3. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Meninges
Schwann cells
Tectum
Oligodendrocytes
4. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Postsynaptic cell
Reticular formation
Sham rage
Saltatory conduction
5. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Wernicke'S aphasia
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Organizational hormones
Temporal lobe
6. Connections between brain and spine
Somatic nervous system
Wernicke'S aphasia
Corticospinal tract
Thalamus
7. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
menarche
Amino acids
Telencephalon
8. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Blood-brain barrier
Sham rage
Parietal lobe
Sleep spindles
9. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
Afferent fibers
Endorphins
fMRI
10. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Sulci
Antagonists
Axon hillock
Occipital lobe
11. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Terminal buttons
Ventricles
Saltatory conduction
Relative refractory period
12. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Somatic nervous system
Agonists
Agnosia
White matter
13. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Blooming and pruning
Mesencephalon
Ventricles
14. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Sulci
Wernicke'S aphasia
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
estrogen
15. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Monoamines
Acetylcholine
Delta waves
Agnosia
16. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Tegmentum
reuptake
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Organizational hormones
17. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Apraxia
Theta waves
postsynaptic potentials
Thyroid stimulating hormone
18. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Postsynaptic cell
Stereotaxic instruments
Basal ganglia
Neuromodulators
19. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Blooming and pruning
Catecholamines
Tectum
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
20. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
reuptake
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Parietal lobe
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
21. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Agraphia
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
22. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Oligodendrocytes
Ventricles
White matter
Thyroid stimulating hormone
23. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Electroencephalogram
fMRI
24. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Hippocampus
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Hindbrain
Limbic system
25. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Dendrites
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Ventricles
Myelin sheath
26. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
White Matter
Hippocampus
Absolute refractory period
Neuron
27. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Mesencephalon
androgens (example)
menarche
Efferent fibers
28. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Superior colliculus
Nodes of Ranvier
Ventricles
Activational hormones
29. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Parietal lobe
Catecholamines
Schwann cells
30. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Beta waves
Amino acids
Parasympathetic nervous system
Hippocampus
31. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Relative refractory period
Diencephalon
Acetylcholine
Central Nervous System (CNS)
32. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Terminal buttons
resting potential
Relative refractory period
All-or-none law
33. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Alexia
Dendrites
Neuron
oxytocin
34. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Organizational hormones
Apraxia
Vasopressin
35. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
H-Y antigen
36. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Diencephalon
Somatic nervous system
Nodes of Ranvier
estrogen
37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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38. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Agraphia
Diencephalon
Sham rage
Afferent fibers
39. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Telencephalon
Nodes of Ranvier
Neurotransmitters
Pituitary gland
40. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Thyroid stimulating hormone
androgens (example)
Theta waves
Parasympathetic nervous system
41. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Sympathetic nervous system
Hyperphagia
Glial cells
reuptake
42. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Vasopressin
Saltatory conduction
Sympathetic nervous system
Soma
43. Organizational and activational
Hormones (type)
Alexia
Antagonists
Hippocampus
44. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Frontal lobe
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Superior colliculus
45. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Diencephalon
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Ventricles
46. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Vasopressin
Superior colliculus
Delta waves
Mesencephalon
47. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
PET
Amino acids
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
48. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Amino acids
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Beta waves
49. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
fMRI
Mesencephalon
Parietal lobe
Tegmentum
50. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
estrogen
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Cingulate gyrus
Electroencephalogram
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