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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Absolute refractory period
Mesencephalon
Brain evolution
Neural synchrony
2. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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3. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Blooming and pruning
All-or-none law
androgens (example)
4. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
fMRI
Alexia
Broca'S aphasia
Dendrites
5. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Blooming and pruning
Oligodendrocytes
Thalamus
6. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Sleep cycles
fMRI
Activational hormones
reuptake
7. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
reuptake
Delta waves
Hyperphagia
Efferent fibers
8. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Cortical association areas
Spine (subsystem)
Indolamines
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
9. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Pituitary gland
Terminal buttons
Amino acids
10. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Presynaptic cell
menarche
Apraxia
11. Fissures seen on cortex surface
fMRI
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Catecholamines
Sulci
12. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Basal ganglia
Forebrain (division)
Apraxia
Relative refractory period
13. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Sleep cycles
Tectum
Absolute refractory period
14. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Alpha waves
Efferent fibers
Spine (subsystem)
Broca'S aphasia
15. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
White Matter
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Pituitary gland
Tegmentum
16. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Tegmentum
reuptake
oxytocin
Spine (subsystem)
17. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Meninges
Soma
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
White matter
18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Agnosia
Cingulate gyrus
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
19. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Agnosia
Ventricles
Sleep cycles
20. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Neural synchrony
Telencephalon
Myelin sheath
Tegmentum
21. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Neurotransmitters
androgens (example)
All-or-none law
Neuron
22. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
oxytocin
Theta waves
Ventricles
Catecholamines
23. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Axon
Relative refractory period
fMRI
Stereotaxic instruments
24. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
Limbic system
estrogen
Metencephalon
Presynaptic cell
25. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Basal ganglia
Amygdala
Forebrain (division)
White Matter
26. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
fMRI
Acetylcholine
Somatic nervous system
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
27. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Hindbrain
Neuromodulators
Organizational hormones
28. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Wernicke'S aphasia
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Efferent fibers
Amygdala
29. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Hypothalamus
Steps in neural transmission
reuptake
Gyri
30. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Relative refractory period
Blood-brain barrier
Blooming and pruning
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
31. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Theta waves
Cingulate gyrus
Blooming and pruning
Diencephalon
32. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Superior colliculus
Vasopressin
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Neural synchrony
33. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Hormones (type)
Agonists
postsynaptic potentials
Steps in neural transmission
34. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Sleep spindles
Neuromodulators
Hormones (type)
Beta waves
35. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Tectum
Antagonists
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
36. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Mesencephalon
Neuromodulators
Electroencephalogram
Organizational hormones
37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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38. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life
Dendrites
Sulci
H-Y antigen
Somatic nervous system
39. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Agnosia
Temporal lobe
Neurotransmitters
Schwann cells
40. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Reticular formation
menarche
Tectum
41. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Alexia
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Activational hormones
Delta waves
42. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Blooming and pruning
Forebrain (division)
Hindbrain
Tegmentum
43. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Glutamate
Brain evolution
PET
Central Nervous System (CNS)
44. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Alpha waves
Afferent fibers
Catecholamines
Hindbrain
45. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Pituitary gland
Efferent fibers
Electroencephalogram
Myelin sheath
46. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Postsynaptic cell
Cell membrane
White Matter
Glutamate
47. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
White Matter
Diencephalon
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
48. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Somatic nervous system
Brain evolution
Glutamate
49. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
postsynaptic potentials
Basal ganglia
Sleep cycles
50. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Afferent fibers
Presynaptic cell
Cortical association areas
Antagonists