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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Agraphia
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Delta waves
Amygdala
2. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Neural synchrony
Steps in neural transmission
Thalamus
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
3. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Agraphia
Cingulate gyrus
Reticular formation
Blooming and pruning
4. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Theta waves
Parasympathetic nervous system
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Cortical association areas
5. Organizational and activational
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Alexia
Neural synchrony
Hormones (type)
6. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Cingulate gyrus
Vasopressin
Inferior colliculus
Agnosia
7. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Monoamines
Tectum
Absolute refractory period
reuptake
8. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Corticospinal tract
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Sleep spindles
Endorphins
9. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Indolamines
Vasopressin
Inferior colliculus
Spine (subsystem)
11. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Delta waves
Gyri
Myelencephalon
Hypothalamus
12. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Agonists
H-Y antigen
reuptake
13. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
Inferior colliculus
Pituitary gland
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
14. Gray matter - white matter
Neuron
Spine (subsystem)
Tegmentum
Thyroid stimulating hormone
15. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Efferent fibers
postsynaptic potentials
Saltatory conduction
Temporal lobe
16. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Rebound effect
Schwann cells
Agnosia
Amino acids
17. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Wernicke'S aphasia
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Neuron
Nodes of Ranvier
18. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Tectum
Organizational hormones
reuptake
Parasympathetic nervous system
19. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Indolamines
fMRI
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Forebrain (division)
20. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Soma
Hypothalamus
Telencephalon
estrogen
21. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Sympathetic nervous system
Superior colliculus
Glutamate
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
22. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Myelencephalon
Glutamate
Theta waves
23. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Glutamate
Axon
Pituitary gland
androgens (example)
24. Provide myelin in central nervous system
androgens (example)
Oligodendrocytes
Somatic nervous system
Beta waves
25. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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26. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Thalamus
Somatic nervous system
Tectum
27. Where soma and axon connect
Neurotransmitters
Cortical association areas
Axon hillock
Forebrain (division)
28. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Gray matter
Organizational hormones
reuptake
29. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Occipital lobe
Broca'S aphasia
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Relative refractory period
30. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Synapse gap
All-or-none law
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Reticular formation
31. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Axon hillock
Monoamines
Agnosia
Neuromodulators
32. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Parasympathetic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Absolute refractory period
33. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Brain evolution
postsynaptic potentials
Meninges
Metencephalon
34. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
Diencephalon
reuptake
Afferent fibers
35. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Hyperphagia
Sleep cycles
Wernicke'S aphasia
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
36. Holds neurotransmitters
Afferent fibers
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Synaptic vessels
Myelin sheath
37. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Terminal buttons
Saltatory conduction
Pituitary gland
Sleep spindles
38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Forebrain (division)
Occipital lobe
androgens (example)
39. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
White matter
Forebrain (division)
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Hypothalamus
40. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Tegmentum
Electroencephalogram
Axon hillock
Occipital lobe
41. Connections between brain and spine
Thalamus
Rebound effect
Hormones (type)
Corticospinal tract
42. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Soma
Limbic system
All-or-none law
Hypothalamus
43. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Parietal lobe
Glial cells
Presynaptic cell
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
44. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
All-or-none law
Spine (subsystem)
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
45. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
estrogen
Neuromodulators
Gray matter
postsynaptic potentials
46. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Frontal lobe
Sympathetic nervous system
All-or-none law
White matter
47. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
resting potential
Gyri
Neuron
PET
48. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Brain evolution
Indolamines
Hindbrain
Catecholamines
49. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Sympathetic nervous system
PET
Thalamus
Parietal lobe
50. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Delta waves
All-or-none law
Parasympathetic nervous system
resting potential
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