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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
PET
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Hormones (type)
Reticular formation
2. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Sleep cycles
Beta waves
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
fMRI
3. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Meninges
Activational hormones
Myelencephalon
Catecholamines
4. Connections between brain and spine
Corticospinal tract
Vasopressin
Broca'S aphasia
Amygdala
5. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Meninges
Amygdala
Agraphia
6. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Parietal lobe
PET
Diencephalon
fMRI
7. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Cortical association areas
Relative refractory period
White matter
Frontal lobe
8. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Sulci
Autonomic nervous system
Forebrain (division)
Hypothalamus
9. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Somatic nervous system
Temporal lobe
Axon
Ventricles
10. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Indolamines
All-or-none law
11. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
reuptake
Limbic system
Tectum
Absolute refractory period
12. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Catecholamines
White Matter
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
White matter
13. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Terminal buttons
fMRI
Vasopressin
All-or-none law
14. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Glutamate
Alexia
Schwann cells
Myelencephalon
15. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Hormones (type)
Metencephalon
Terminal buttons
16. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Delta waves
postsynaptic potentials
Afferent fibers
17. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
White Matter
Indolamines
Myelin sheath
Rebound effect
18. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
White matter
Indolamines
Frontal lobe
Synaptic vessels
19. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Temporal lobe
Catecholamines
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Saltatory conduction
20. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Wernicke'S aphasia
postsynaptic potentials
Broca'S aphasia
21. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Indolamines
Electroencephalogram
Agraphia
22. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Neuromodulators
postsynaptic potentials
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Schwann cells
23. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Schwann cells
Meninges
Hormones (type)
Sulci
24. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Agraphia
All-or-none law
25. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Relative refractory period
Meninges
Neurotransmitters
26. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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27. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Hyperphagia
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Hormones (type)
reuptake
28. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
androgens (example)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Saltatory conduction
Postsynaptic cell
29. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Broca'S aphasia
Pituitary gland
Thalamus
Antagonists
30. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Axon hillock
Cortical association areas
Superior colliculus
Thyroid stimulating hormone
31. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
PET
Sympathetic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Myelencephalon
32. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Gyri
Occipital lobe
Activational hormones
Terminal buttons
33. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Brain evolution
Cingulate gyrus
androgens (example)
34. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Parietal lobe
Stereotaxic instruments
Gray matter
Tegmentum
35. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Blooming and pruning
Reticular formation
36. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Apraxia
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Afferent fibers
Diencephalon
37. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Broca'S aphasia
Tegmentum
postsynaptic potentials
Autonomic nervous system
38. Holds neurotransmitters
Postsynaptic cell
Oligodendrocytes
Telencephalon
Synaptic vessels
39. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Afferent fibers
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Hormones (type)
androgens (example)
40. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Occipital lobe
Theta waves
Axon
41. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Neurotransmitters
Blooming and pruning
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Axon hillock
42. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Activational hormones
Hippocampus
Somatic nervous system
Agraphia
43. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Indolamines
White Matter
Antagonists
menarche
44. Inactivated state of a neuron
estrogen
resting potential
Dendrites
Oligodendrocytes
45. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Presynaptic cell
Parietal lobe
Thalamus
Hippocampus
46. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
H-Y antigen
Axon
Postsynaptic cell
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
47. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Inferior colliculus
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Autonomic nervous system
Synaptic vessels
48. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Agonists
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Frontal lobe
Mesencephalon
49. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Dendrites
Forebrain (division)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
50. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
reuptake
Synaptic vessels
Blood-brain barrier
Steps in neural transmission
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