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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Saltatory conduction
Neural synchrony
Hyperphagia
Endorphins
2. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Delta waves
Presynaptic cell
Vasopressin
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
3. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Monoamines
Endorphins
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Meninges
4. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Pituitary gland
Myelin sheath
Temporal lobe
Somatic nervous system
5. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Basal ganglia
Rebound effect
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Thalamus
6. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Monoamines
Temporal lobe
Diencephalon
Hippocampus
7. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
fMRI
White Matter
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Myelin sheath
8. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Steps in neural transmission
Glial cells
resting potential
Schwann cells
9. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Pituitary gland
Blooming and pruning
Activational hormones
Corticospinal tract
10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Dendrites
Axon
Superior colliculus
Thyroid stimulating hormone
11. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Afferent fibers
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
12. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Spine (subsystem)
H-Y antigen
Antagonists
Autonomic nervous system
13. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Relative refractory period
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Agraphia
Metencephalon
14. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Neurotransmitters
Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
15. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
All-or-none law
Glial cells
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Delta waves
16. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Superior colliculus
Cingulate gyrus
Meninges
Catecholamines
17. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
fMRI
Endorphins
Relative refractory period
Amino acids
18. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)
Agraphia
Synaptic vessels
Presynaptic cell
Tectum
19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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20. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Autonomic nervous system
Frontal lobe
Alexia
All-or-none law
21. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Hindbrain
Neuromodulators
Amygdala
Thyroid stimulating hormone
22. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Agnosia
Hormones (type)
androgens (example)
23. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Ventricles
Synaptic vessels
Tegmentum
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
24. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
Relative refractory period
Presynaptic cell
Glutamate
25. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Efferent fibers
Cortical association areas
Agonists
Limbic system
26. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Agraphia
Antagonists
Axon hillock
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
27. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum
Catecholamines
Mesencephalon
Nodes of Ranvier
Telencephalon
28. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
postsynaptic potentials
Myelin sheath
Gyri
29. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Activational hormones
Somatic nervous system
H-Y antigen
Sleep spindles
30. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Efferent fibers
postsynaptic potentials
Hypothalamus
Broca'S aphasia
31. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Temporal lobe
Hyperphagia
Schwann cells
Somatic nervous system
32. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Cingulate gyrus
Hypothalamus
Corticospinal tract
Acetylcholine
33. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Glutamate
Endorphins
Sulci
Hindbrain
34. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Cingulate gyrus
Theta waves
androgens (example)
35. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Endorphins
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Presynaptic cell
Relative refractory period
36. Organizational and activational
Wernicke'S aphasia
Hormones (type)
Presynaptic cell
Parasympathetic nervous system
37. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
oxytocin
Relative refractory period
Dendrites
Hypothalamus
38. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Neural synchrony
Apraxia
Rebound effect
39. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Hippocampus
H-Y antigen
Stereotaxic instruments
Temporal lobe
40. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Beta waves
Glial cells
Delta waves
Acetylcholine
41. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Hormones (type)
All-or-none law
Agonists
Hypothalamus
42. Gray matter - white matter
Antagonists
Spine (subsystem)
All-or-none law
Organizational hormones
43. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Occipital lobe
Schwann cells
Basal ganglia
Hindbrain
44. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Electroencephalogram
Gray matter
Absolute refractory period
Monoamines
45. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Hindbrain
Acetylcholine
Apraxia
46. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Absolute refractory period
Neuron
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Catecholamines
47. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Monoamines
PET
Cortical association areas
fMRI
48. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Amygdala
Stereotaxic instruments
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Antagonists
49. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Reticular formation
Sham rage
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Catecholamines
50. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Brain evolution
Endorphins
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Activational hormones