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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






2. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






3. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






4. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






5. Organizational and activational






6. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






7. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






8. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






9. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






11. Bumps seen on cortex surface






12. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






13. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






14. Gray matter - white matter






15. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






16. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






17. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






18. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






19. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






20. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






21. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






22. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






23. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






24. Provide myelin in central nervous system






25. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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26. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






27. Where soma and axon connect






28. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






29. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






30. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






31. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






32. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






33. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






34. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






35. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






36. Holds neurotransmitters






37. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






39. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






40. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






41. Connections between brain and spine






42. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






43. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






44. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






45. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






46. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






47. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






48. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






49. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






50. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation







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