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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Amino acids
Somatic nervous system
resting potential
Absolute refractory period
2. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Apraxia
Synapse gap
Temporal lobe
Catecholamines
3. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Synapse gap
Neuromodulators
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Agraphia
4. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Reticular formation
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
White Matter
Synapse gap
5. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
White matter
Broca'S aphasia
Sympathetic nervous system
H-Y antigen
6. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Glutamate
Neural synchrony
Diencephalon
fMRI
7. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Axon
Monoamines
Efferent fibers
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
8. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Indolamines
Soma
oxytocin
Rebound effect
9. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Sleep spindles
Occipital lobe
Gray matter
Sham rage
10. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
H-Y antigen
Parasympathetic nervous system
Beta waves
Postsynaptic cell
11. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Gray matter
Myelencephalon
reuptake
Nodes of Ranvier
12. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Ventricles
Absolute refractory period
Theta waves
Tegmentum
13. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Glutamate
Gyri
Myelencephalon
Inferior colliculus
14. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Thalamus
Organizational hormones
Limbic system
Temporal lobe
15. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Tegmentum
oxytocin
Gyri
Meninges
16. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Monoamines
Sympathetic nervous system
reuptake
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
17. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
resting potential
Neurotransmitters
Organizational hormones
Steps in neural transmission
18. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Cell membrane
Neuromodulators
Mesencephalon
Parasympathetic nervous system
19. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Limbic system
Reticular formation
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
20. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Cell membrane
Gray matter
Vasopressin
21. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Cingulate gyrus
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Hypothalamus
Saltatory conduction
22. Where soma and axon connect
Temporal lobe
Axon hillock
Terminal buttons
Tectum
23. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Endorphins
Tectum
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Blood-brain barrier
24. Organizational and activational
Basal ganglia
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Hormones (type)
menarche
25. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Occipital lobe
Hindbrain
26. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Theta waves
White matter
menarche
Beta waves
27. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Absolute refractory period
oxytocin
Spine (subsystem)
Pituitary gland
28. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Forebrain (division)
Glial cells
Reticular formation
29. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Myelin sheath
Apraxia
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Inferior colliculus
30. Gray matter - white matter
Spine (subsystem)
Rebound effect
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
menarche
31. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Amygdala
White matter
Sulci
Stereotaxic instruments
32. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Gyri
Oligodendrocytes
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
33. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Corticospinal tract
Theta waves
reuptake
Efferent fibers
34. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Acetylcholine
Pituitary gland
Hindbrain
Hippocampus
35. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Apraxia
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Occipital lobe
Parasympathetic nervous system
36. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Beta waves
Gray matter
Agnosia
Glutamate
37. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Absolute refractory period
Axon
Blooming and pruning
Gray matter
38. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Acetylcholine
Limbic system
postsynaptic potentials
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
39. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
PET
Frontal lobe
Sympathetic nervous system
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
40. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Delta waves
Axon
Temporal lobe
Indolamines
41. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Indolamines
Endorphins
Parietal lobe
Inferior colliculus
42. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Sleep spindles
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
H-Y antigen
43. Inactivated state of a neuron
Sympathetic nervous system
resting potential
Sleep cycles
Pituitary gland
44. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Sympathetic nervous system
Catecholamines
Dendrites
45. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
White Matter
Stereotaxic instruments
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Myelencephalon
46. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Endorphins
Glial cells
Gyri
47. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Acetylcholine
Parietal lobe
menarche
Antagonists
48. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Corticospinal tract
postsynaptic potentials
Synaptic vessels
Tegmentum
49. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Soma
oxytocin
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Sympathetic nervous system
50. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Electroencephalogram
Theta waves
Reticular formation
Excitatory postsynaptic potential