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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






2. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






3. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






4. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






5. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






6. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






7. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






8. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






9. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






10. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






11. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






12. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






13. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






14. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






15. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






16. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






17. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






18. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






19. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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20. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






21. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






22. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






23. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






24. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






25. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






26. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






27. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






28. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






29. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






30. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






31. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






32. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






33. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






34. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






35. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






36. Organizational and activational






37. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






38. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






39. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






40. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






41. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






42. Gray matter - white matter






43. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






44. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






45. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






46. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






47. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






48. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






49. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






50. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive