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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Presynaptic cell
Sympathetic nervous system
Activational hormones
Soma
2. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Antagonists
Sleep cycles
Inferior colliculus
Indolamines
3. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Meninges
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Corticospinal tract
4. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Alpha waves
Alexia
Diencephalon
Agraphia
5. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
postsynaptic potentials
Agnosia
Synaptic vessels
6. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Glutamate
Stereotaxic instruments
White matter
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
7. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Beta waves
Somatic nervous system
Stereotaxic instruments
8. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Somatic nervous system
Organizational hormones
9. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Sleep cycles
Meninges
resting potential
Sham rage
10. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Myelin sheath
Basal ganglia
postsynaptic potentials
androgens (example)
11. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
estrogen
Agonists
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
12. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes
Afferent fibers
Theta waves
Steps in neural transmission
Superior colliculus
13. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Limbic system
Superior colliculus
Diencephalon
Steps in neural transmission
14. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Myelencephalon
Temporal lobe
Agraphia
Ventricles
15. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Glutamate
Soma
oxytocin
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
16. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Beta waves
Autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Metencephalon
17. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Telencephalon
H-Y antigen
Axon
Gyri
18. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
fMRI
Cortical association areas
Axon
Telencephalon
19. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Myelencephalon
Glutamate
Neurotransmitters
Superior colliculus
20. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Delta waves
Schwann cells
Hindbrain
Agraphia
21. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Organizational hormones
Cingulate gyrus
Monoamines
Neuron
22. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Vasopressin
Sulci
Soma
Glial cells
23. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Brain evolution
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
postsynaptic potentials
Amino acids
24. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Superior colliculus
Frontal lobe
Amino acids
Agonists
25. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Myelin sheath
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
fMRI
androgens (example)
26. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Synaptic vessels
Sham rage
Electroencephalogram
27. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Dendrites
Oligodendrocytes
Sleep spindles
Apraxia
28. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Hippocampus
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Gray matter
Temporal lobe
29. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Brain evolution
Neurotransmitters
Temporal lobe
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
30. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Steps in neural transmission
Somatic nervous system
Hindbrain
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
31. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Parasympathetic nervous system
Beta waves
Blood-brain barrier
Postsynaptic cell
32. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Spine (subsystem)
Blooming and pruning
Metencephalon
Terminal buttons
33. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Theta waves
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Sympathetic nervous system
34. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Electroencephalogram
Synapse gap
Cortical association areas
Basal ganglia
35. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Myelencephalon
Absolute refractory period
Agraphia
36. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Myelin sheath
H-Y antigen
Broca'S aphasia
Afferent fibers
37. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Neuron
Hindbrain
H-Y antigen
38. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Sympathetic nervous system
Neurotransmitters
Hindbrain
postsynaptic potentials
39. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
White Matter
Endorphins
Sleep spindles
Blood-brain barrier
40. Where soma and axon connect
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Afferent fibers
Axon hillock
Synaptic vessels
41. Connections between brain and spine
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
White matter
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Corticospinal tract
42. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
androgens (example)
Amino acids
H-Y antigen
Rebound effect
43. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Autonomic nervous system
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Delta waves
44. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Thalamus
fMRI
Synaptic vessels
Limbic system
45. Inactivated state of a neuron
Sham rage
resting potential
Neuron
Vasopressin
46. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
47. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Postsynaptic cell
Ventricles
Telencephalon
48. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
Activational hormones
Telencephalon
Gyri
Neural synchrony
49. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Inferior colliculus
Somatic nervous system
Nodes of Ranvier
Brain evolution
50. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Schwann cells
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Terminal buttons
Saltatory conduction