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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
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This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






2. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






3. Bumps seen on cortex surface






4. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






5. Made up of brain and spinal cord






6. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






7. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






8. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






9. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






10. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






11. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






12. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






13. Provide myelin in central nervous system






14. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






15. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






16. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






17. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






18. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






19. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






20. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






21. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






22. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






23. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






24. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






25. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






26. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






28. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






29. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






30. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






31. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






32. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






33. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






34. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells






35. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






36. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






37. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






38. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






39. Connections between brain and spine






40. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






41. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






42. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






43. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






44. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






45. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






46. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






47. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






48. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






49. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






50. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)







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