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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






2. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






3. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






4. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






5. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






6. Connections between brain and spine






7. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






8. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






9. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






10. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






11. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






12. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed






13. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






14. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






15. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






16. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






17. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






18. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






19. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






20. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






21. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






22. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






23. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






24. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






25. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






26. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






27. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






28. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






29. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






30. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






31. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






32. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






33. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






34. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






35. Bumps seen on cortex surface






36. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






37. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






38. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






39. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






40. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






41. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






42. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






43. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






44. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






45. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






46. Organizational and activational






47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






48. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






49. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






50. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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