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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Broca'S aphasia
Temporal lobe
Presynaptic cell
Soma
2. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Endorphins
Parietal lobe
Acetylcholine
Monoamines
3. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Thalamus
Steps in neural transmission
Monoamines
Cingulate gyrus
4. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Blooming and pruning
Hippocampus
androgens (example)
H-Y antigen
5. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Tectum
Hypothalamus
Nodes of Ranvier
6. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Sleep cycles
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
7. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Endorphins
Schwann cells
Hippocampus
8. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Parietal lobe
androgens (example)
Gray matter
Cingulate gyrus
9. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Beta waves
Vasopressin
Glial cells
Presynaptic cell
10. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Corticospinal tract
Rebound effect
Postsynaptic cell
Gyri
11. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha
Glutamate
Organizational hormones
Efferent fibers
Amygdala
12. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Broca'S aphasia
Spine (subsystem)
Telencephalon
Organizational hormones
13. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Myelin sheath
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Somatic nervous system
14. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Hypothalamus
Blooming and pruning
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Parasympathetic nervous system
15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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16. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Ventricles
Sleep spindles
Glutamate
17. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Sleep cycles
Monoamines
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
All-or-none law
18. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Beta waves
Myelin sheath
menarche
19. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Pituitary gland
Oligodendrocytes
Ventricles
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
20. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Neuromodulators
Cell membrane
Antagonists
Endorphins
21. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Afferent fibers
Hindbrain
Glutamate
Monoamines
22. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
postsynaptic potentials
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
23. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Corticospinal tract
Tectum
menarche
Glial cells
24. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Hyperphagia
Somatic nervous system
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
25. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Cell membrane
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Tectum
26. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Mesencephalon
Sleep spindles
Cortical association areas
Amygdala
27. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Glial cells
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Agnosia
reuptake
28. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Electroencephalogram
Alpha waves
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
White matter
29. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Neurotransmitters
Beta waves
Meninges
Gray matter
30. PNS fibers that run towards CNS
Afferent fibers
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Sulci
Terminal buttons
31. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Theta waves
Ventricles
Electroencephalogram
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
32. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Frontal lobe
Axon
Sham rage
Amygdala
33. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Forebrain (division)
Indolamines
Reticular formation
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
34. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Neurotransmitters
Forebrain (division)
Sleep cycles
H-Y antigen
35. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Neuromodulators
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Hypothalamus
Parasympathetic nervous system
36. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Presynaptic cell
Indolamines
Rebound effect
Tectum
37. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Rebound effect
Sleep cycles
Schwann cells
38. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Relative refractory period
Autonomic nervous system
Monoamines
Organizational hormones
39. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Inferior colliculus
Agnosia
Blooming and pruning
Basal ganglia
40. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Cingulate gyrus
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Wernicke'S aphasia
Terminal buttons
41. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
estrogen
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Blooming and pruning
Catecholamines
42. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Relative refractory period
Axon
43. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Amino acids
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Inferior colliculus
Somatic nervous system
44. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Brain evolution
postsynaptic potentials
Amino acids
Theta waves
45. Holds neurotransmitters
estrogen
Vasopressin
Amino acids
Synaptic vessels
46. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Pituitary gland
Meninges
Somatic nervous system
Efferent fibers
47. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
androgens (example)
Activational hormones
Steps in neural transmission
Superior colliculus
48. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Frontal lobe
Acetylcholine
Neuron
Postsynaptic cell
49. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Wernicke'S aphasia
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Ventricles
Somatic nervous system
50. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Pituitary gland
Brain evolution
Activational hormones
Agnosia