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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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2. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Alexia
Hypothalamus
Neuron
PET
3. Where soma and axon connect
Amino acids
Axon hillock
Dendrites
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
4. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Agonists
Alexia
Monoamines
Neural synchrony
5. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Presynaptic cell
H-Y antigen
Agonists
Cell membrane
6. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Saltatory conduction
Spine (subsystem)
Agnosia
Agonists
7. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Delta waves
oxytocin
Limbic system
Alpha waves
8. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Theta waves
Efferent fibers
Saltatory conduction
Hormones (type)
9. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Forebrain (division)
Myelencephalon
Frontal lobe
10. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Dendrites
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Efferent fibers
Brain evolution
11. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
estrogen
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Hyperphagia
Neuron
12. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Postsynaptic cell
Basal ganglia
Neuromodulators
Oligodendrocytes
13. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Neurotransmitters
Delta waves
resting potential
H-Y antigen
14. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Myelencephalon
Synapse gap
Beta waves
Frontal lobe
15. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Hypothalamus
Gray matter
Alexia
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
16. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
estrogen
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Sleep cycles
Synaptic vessels
17. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Indolamines
Neuromodulators
reuptake
Superior colliculus
18. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Schwann cells
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Metencephalon
White Matter
19. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Brain evolution
Superior colliculus
androgens (example)
Nodes of Ranvier
20. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Broca'S aphasia
Neuromodulators
Myelin sheath
Rebound effect
21. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
White Matter
Ventricles
Nodes of Ranvier
Amygdala
22. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Hyperphagia
Wernicke'S aphasia
Cortical association areas
23. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
reuptake
Electroencephalogram
Agraphia
Wernicke'S aphasia
24. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing
Autonomic nervous system
Frontal lobe
Nodes of Ranvier
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
25. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Sulci
Antagonists
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Autonomic nervous system
26. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Agnosia
Steps in neural transmission
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
White Matter
27. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Myelencephalon
resting potential
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Postsynaptic cell
28. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
Alexia
Tectum
Tegmentum
29. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
Myelencephalon
PET
resting potential
White matter
30. Inactivated state of a neuron
resting potential
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Agonists
31. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Monoamines
Temporal lobe
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Diencephalon
32. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neuromodulators
Hindbrain
Sympathetic nervous system
Hormones (type)
33. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Agonists
Stereotaxic instruments
Blooming and pruning
Terminal buttons
34. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions
Limbic system
Cell membrane
Corticospinal tract
Cingulate gyrus
35. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Rebound effect
resting potential
Hormones (type)
Catecholamines
36. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Pituitary gland
Absolute refractory period
menarche
Telencephalon
37. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Synaptic vessels
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Inferior colliculus
38. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
Tectum
Ventricles
Mesencephalon
Hypothalamus
39. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Beta waves
Antagonists
White matter
Activational hormones
40. Connections between brain and spine
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Spine (subsystem)
Corticospinal tract
Myelencephalon
41. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Electroencephalogram
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Thalamus
42. Chemicals that stimulate nearby cells
Neurotransmitters
Synaptic vessels
Meninges
Glial cells
43. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Gyri
Organizational hormones
Beta waves
Postsynaptic cell
44. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Hormones (type)
Synapse gap
Parasympathetic nervous system
Gray matter
45. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Amygdala
Tegmentum
46. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
postsynaptic potentials
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Alpha waves
estrogen
47. Bumps seen on cortex surface
Gyri
Hyperphagia
Apraxia
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
48. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Terminal buttons
Gyri
Indolamines
Ventricles
49. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
Steps in neural transmission
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
PET
Agraphia
50. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Wernicke'S aphasia
Neural synchrony
Tectum
Agraphia