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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






2. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






3. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






4. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






5. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






6. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






7. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






8. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






9. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






10. Holds neurotransmitters






11. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






12. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






13. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






14. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






15. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






16. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






17. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






18. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






19. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






20. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






21. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






22. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






23. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






24. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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25. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






26. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






27. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






28. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






29. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex






30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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31. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






32. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






33. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






34. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






35. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






36. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






37. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






38. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






39. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






40. Made up of brain and spinal cord






41. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






42. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






43. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






44. Inactivated state of a neuron






45. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






46. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






47. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






48. Provide myelin in central nervous system






49. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






50. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)