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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






2. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






3. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






4. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






5. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






6. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






7. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






8. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






9. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






10. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






11. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






12. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






13. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






14. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






15. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






16. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






17. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






18. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






19. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






20. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






21. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






22. Where soma and axon connect






23. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






24. Organizational and activational






25. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






26. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






27. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






28. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






29. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






30. Gray matter - white matter






31. Fissures seen on cortex surface






32. Provide myelin in central nervous system






33. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






34. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






35. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






36. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information






37. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






38. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






39. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






40. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






41. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






42. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






43. Inactivated state of a neuron






44. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






45. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






46. Bumps seen on cortex surface






47. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






48. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






49. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






50. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states