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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Synaptic vessels
Sleep cycles
Rebound effect
estrogen
2. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Somatic nervous system
Parietal lobe
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
3. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Glial cells
Hindbrain
Sympathetic nervous system
4. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Limbic system
White Matter
Nodes of Ranvier
Brain evolution
5. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Soma
Sleep cycles
Tegmentum
Saltatory conduction
6. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Postsynaptic cell
oxytocin
Indolamines
Hyperphagia
7. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Wernicke'S aphasia
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
8. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Hyperphagia
Corticospinal tract
Pituitary gland
Spine (subsystem)
9. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Tegmentum
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
10. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
reuptake
Tegmentum
Diencephalon
Synaptic vessels
11. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Apraxia
Presynaptic cell
Telencephalon
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
12. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Delta waves
Autonomic nervous system
Glial cells
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
13. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Cell membrane
Myelin sheath
Postsynaptic cell
Cingulate gyrus
14. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Electroencephalogram
Neural synchrony
Temporal lobe
15. Holds neurotransmitters
Synaptic vessels
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Telencephalon
Gray matter
16. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum
oxytocin
Alexia
Activational hormones
Cortical association areas
17. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Alexia
Stereotaxic instruments
Gyri
Monoamines
18. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Frontal lobe
Postsynaptic cell
19. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Hormones (type)
Gyri
estrogen
Nodes of Ranvier
20. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Broca'S aphasia
Corticospinal tract
Sulci
Electroencephalogram
21. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Brain evolution
Hypothalamus
Sham rage
Corticospinal tract
22. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Antagonists
Steps in neural transmission
Parasympathetic nervous system
Vasopressin
23. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Antagonists
Axon
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Ventricles
24. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Theta waves
Pituitary gland
Gray matter
Tegmentum
25. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Tegmentum
Inferior colliculus
Spine (subsystem)
Indolamines
26. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Myelin sheath
Sympathetic nervous system
H-Y antigen
Meninges
27. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Neurotransmitters
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
oxytocin
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
28. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Theta waves
Frontal lobe
Alexia
Blooming and pruning
29. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Postsynaptic cell
Myelin sheath
Synaptic vessels
Sleep cycles
30. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)
Reticular formation
Hyperphagia
Metencephalon
Presynaptic cell
31. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
Broca'S aphasia
Blood-brain barrier
Agraphia
32. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Oligodendrocytes
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Electroencephalogram
menarche
33. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
White Matter
Soma
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Sleep cycles
34. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Endorphins
Electroencephalogram
Axon
Hormones (type)
35. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Myelencephalon
Amygdala
Agnosia
Sleep spindles
36. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing
Steps in neural transmission
resting potential
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Antagonists
37. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Efferent fibers
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Neurotransmitters
38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Postsynaptic cell
Rebound effect
Alexia
Vasopressin
39. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Superior colliculus
Hindbrain
Pituitary gland
40. Inactivated state of a neuron
Agraphia
resting potential
Mesencephalon
Vasopressin
41. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Efferent fibers
Limbic system
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
42. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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43. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Sleep spindles
Parasympathetic nervous system
44. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Basal ganglia
Parasympathetic nervous system
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Endorphins
45. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Mesencephalon
Myelencephalon
Postsynaptic cell
Hormones (type)
46. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
menarche
Agraphia
Sympathetic nervous system
Inferior colliculus
47. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Apraxia
Agonists
Hyperphagia
postsynaptic potentials
48. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
Axon
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Tectum
Neural synchrony
49. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Metencephalon
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Blooming and pruning
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
50. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Hyperphagia
Sulci
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