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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites






2. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






3. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






4. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






5. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






6. Inactivated state of a neuron






7. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






8. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






9. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






10. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






11. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






12. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






13. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






14. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






15. Made of thalamus and hypothalamus






16. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






17. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






18. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






19. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






20. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -






21. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






22. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






23. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






24. End of a neuron (terminal buttons)






25. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






26. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






27. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states






28. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






29. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






30. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






31. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






32. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






33. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)






34. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






35. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






36. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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37. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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38. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses






39. Fissures seen on cortex surface






40. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






41. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






42. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






43. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






44. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






45. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






46. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






47. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






48. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






49. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






50. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop