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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions
Wernicke'S aphasia
Parasympathetic nervous system
PET
Acetylcholine
2. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Delta waves
Sympathetic nervous system
menarche
Oligodendrocytes
3. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Catecholamines
Agonists
oxytocin
4. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Acetylcholine
estrogen
Hindbrain
Steps in neural transmission
5. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Oligodendrocytes
Pituitary gland
Theta waves
Axon
6. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Autonomic nervous system
Beta waves
Synapse gap
Apraxia
7. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Electroencephalogram
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Antagonists
8. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Presynaptic cell
Brain evolution
Terminal buttons
Monoamines
9. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
androgens (example)
Inferior colliculus
10. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Postsynaptic cell
Synaptic vessels
White Matter
Sulci
11. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Delta waves
Glial cells
Reticular formation
Myelin sheath
12. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Indolamines
Superior colliculus
Gray matter
Forebrain (division)
13. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Efferent fibers
Terminal buttons
Superior colliculus
Indolamines
14. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Myelencephalon
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Axon
Indolamines
15. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Antagonists
Soma
Sleep spindles
Agnosia
16. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Neural synchrony
Electroencephalogram
Sham rage
Axon hillock
17. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
reuptake
Sleep spindles
Cingulate gyrus
18. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Nodes of Ranvier
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Parasympathetic nervous system
Agnosia
19. Released from the pituitary and facilitates birth and breast feeding - also involved in pair bonding (mother to child or romantic partners) -
Agraphia
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Soma
oxytocin
20. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells
Telencephalon
Neuron
Parietal lobe
Gyri
21. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Alpha waves
Inferior colliculus
Amino acids
22. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Neuron
Beta waves
Hippocampus
Cell membrane
23. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Beta waves
Antagonists
Spine (subsystem)
24. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Activational hormones
Sham rage
Catecholamines
Diencephalon
25. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Gray matter
Agonists
reuptake
Basal ganglia
26. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Pituitary gland
Hippocampus
27. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity
Antagonists
Agonists
Soma
Gray matter
28. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
H-Y antigen
Efferent fibers
oxytocin
Soma
29. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Nodes of Ranvier
Apraxia
PET
Vasopressin
30. Connections between brain and spine
Corticospinal tract
Steps in neural transmission
Synapse gap
Frontal lobe
31. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath
Telencephalon
Saltatory conduction
Tegmentum
Organizational hormones
32. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
postsynaptic potentials
Endorphins
Theta waves
Neural synchrony
33. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Electroencephalogram
Acetylcholine
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Cingulate gyrus
34. Holds neurotransmitters
Forebrain (division)
Hypothalamus
Synaptic vessels
Parasympathetic nervous system
35. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Oligodendrocytes
Neuromodulators
Gray matter
36. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
Electroencephalogram
Tegmentum
Forebrain (division)
Beta waves
37. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Corticospinal tract
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Relative refractory period
postsynaptic potentials
38. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Hindbrain
Rebound effect
Saltatory conduction
Endorphins
39. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Telencephalon
Alpha waves
Nodes of Ranvier
Oligodendrocytes
40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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41. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Apraxia
Steps in neural transmission
Alpha waves
Endorphins
42. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Wernicke'S aphasia
estrogen
Activational hormones
Agonists
43. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Terminal buttons
Axon hillock
Tectum
Oligodendrocytes
44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
Antagonists
Synaptic vessels
Hindbrain
45. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland
H-Y antigen
Hypothalamus
reuptake
Basal ganglia
46. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Monoamines
Hippocampus
Spine (subsystem)
Gray matter
47. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Agonists
androgens (example)
Glutamate
48. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Agonists
Basal ganglia
Hyperphagia
reuptake
49. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Alexia
Brain evolution
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Thyroid stimulating hormone
50. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Schwann cells
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Brain evolution
Steps in neural transmission