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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)
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2. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later
Synaptic vessels
Sleep cycles
Steps in neural transmission
Reticular formation
3. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)
Schwann cells
Agonists
Sulci
Temporal lobe
4. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Presynaptic cell
Relative refractory period
Catecholamines
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
5. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Forebrain (division)
Sulci
menarche
Gray matter
6. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Delta waves
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Axon hillock
7. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
Superior colliculus
Organizational hormones
Stereotaxic instruments
8. Holds neurotransmitters
Organizational hormones
Synaptic vessels
Meninges
Terminal buttons
9. Organizational and activational
Mesencephalon
Hormones (type)
Telencephalon
Catecholamines
10. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Indolamines
Basal ganglia
Temporal lobe
Pituitary gland
11. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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12. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)
Wernicke'S aphasia
Blooming and pruning
Axon
Forebrain (division)
13. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read
Diencephalon
Autonomic nervous system
Sham rage
Alexia
14. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Basal ganglia
Schwann cells
Apraxia
Axon
15. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Axon
Apraxia
Cell membrane
Synapse gap
16. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Absolute refractory period
Sympathetic nervous system
Dendrites
Agonists
17. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Pituitary gland
Sleep cycles
Alpha waves
18. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
postsynaptic potentials
Brain evolution
Endorphins
Telencephalon
19. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Terminal buttons
Reticular formation
Vasopressin
20. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
All-or-none law
oxytocin
Dendrites
Superior colliculus
21. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
menarche
Pituitary gland
Agraphia
Cortical association areas
22. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses
Glutamate
Amino acids
Brain evolution
Wernicke'S aphasia
23. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Afferent fibers
White Matter
Glutamate
Reticular formation
24. Of diencephalon - channels sensory information to cerebral cortex
Frontal lobe
Agnosia
Thalamus
fMRI
25. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines
Forebrain (division)
Monoamines
Sympathetic nervous system
Tegmentum
26. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Dendrites
Myelin sheath
Diencephalon
Efferent fibers
27. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Neurotransmitters
Vasopressin
Forebrain (division)
28. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell
Neural synchrony
Mesencephalon
Neuromodulators
Pituitary gland
29. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
menarche
Wernicke'S aphasia
Forebrain (division)
Sulci
30. Of pituitary - activates thyroid
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Alexia
Thalamus
Thyroid stimulating hormone
31. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles
Parietal lobe
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Alexia
32. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Hyperphagia
Relative refractory period
Telencephalon
33. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
Presynaptic cell
Neuron
Gray matter
Vasopressin
34. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Forebrain (division)
Thalamus
Limbic system
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Agnosia
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
PET
36. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes
H-Y antigen
estrogen
Inferior colliculus
Thalamus
37. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Endorphins
Afferent fibers
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Catecholamines
38. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation
Temporal lobe
White matter
Absolute refractory period
Agonists
39. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
White Matter
Schwann cells
Spine (subsystem)
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
40. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep
Delta waves
Alexia
estrogen
Synapse gap
41. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
H-Y antigen
Thalamus
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
White Matter
42. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Neurotransmitters
Activational hormones
Oligodendrocytes
Myelencephalon
43. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)
Hippocampus
Postsynaptic cell
Vasopressin
Occipital lobe
44. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Metencephalon
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Saltatory conduction
45. Provide myelin in central nervous system
H-Y antigen
Oligodendrocytes
Cell membrane
Thyroid stimulating hormone
46. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Telencephalon
Limbic system
All-or-none law
47. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)
Steps in neural transmission
Axon hillock
Efferent fibers
Cingulate gyrus
48. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Dendrites
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
reuptake
Hypothalamus
49. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing
Dendrites
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Spine (subsystem)
Corticospinal tract
50. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction
Theta waves
Autonomic nervous system
Axon
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively