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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






2. Where soma and axon connect






3. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






4. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






5. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction






6. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






7. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






8. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






9. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






10. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






11. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






12. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S






13. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






14. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






15. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






16. Neuron branches - receive impulses - branching patterns change throughout life






17. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






18. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






19. PNS - interacts with internal environment - - Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response - - It controls the involuntary functions including movement of smooth muscles - digestion - blood circulation - breathing






20. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






21. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






22. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






23. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






24. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






25. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






26. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state






27. PNS fibers that run towards CNS






28. Anytime during adulthood - short periods - often transient or reversible (current/recent circulation); - menstrual cycle (estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone (LH) - follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)); - LH and FSH in females regulate ovum






29. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






30. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






31. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






32. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






33. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






34. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






35. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






36. Made up of brain and spinal cord






37. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






38. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






39. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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40. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






41. Fissures seen on cortex surface






42. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system






43. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night






44. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






45. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






46. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






47. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






48. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






49. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






50. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)