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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






2. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






3. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






4. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






5. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






6. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






7. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






8. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus






9. Made up of sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system






10. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






11. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






12. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






13. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






14. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)






15. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






16. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






17. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






18. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






19. Inactivated state of a neuron






20. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






21. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






22. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement






23. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






24. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






25. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






26. An amino acid - most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter






27. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system






28. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






29. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation






30. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






31. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






32. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan






33. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






34. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






35. Aka cell body. largest central portion - and make up gray matter - has a nucleus that directs neuron'S activity






36. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP






37. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation






38. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






39. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






40. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






41. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






42. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






43. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland






44. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






45. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger






46. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






47. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






48. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






49. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






50. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses