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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






2. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.






3. Time after a neuron fires which it cannot respond to stimulation






4. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system






5. Like neurotransmitters but cause long-term changes in postsynaptic cell






6. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






7. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






8. Of hindbrain - has pons(connects brain parts to spine) and cerebellum(controls muscle coordination - balance - posture)






9. Of pituitary - activates thyroid






10. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






11. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






12. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain






13. Provide myelin in central nervous system






14. Occur during specific periods in development - permanent or long-lasting effects; - presence of H-Y antigen in development causes fetus to develop into a male - absence to female; - androgens in males and estrogen in females causes secondary sex cha






15. PNS - interacts with external environment by controlling voluntary movements of striated muscles






16. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






17. Bumps seen on cortex surface






18. Hyperpolarization - + let out - - compared to outside - decrease firing






19. Pathway that runs to and from CNS






20. Bumps on the brainstem - controls auditory reflexes






21. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






22. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock






23. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






24. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves






25. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing






26. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






27. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






28. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction






29. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






30. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves






31. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front






32. Inactivated state of a neuron






33. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates






34. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






35. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement






36. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive






37. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus






38. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






39. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision






40. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)

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41. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






42. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






43. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments






44. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours






45. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus






46. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)






47. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop






48. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone






49. Takes about half an hour; (0) prelude to sleep - neural synchrony; alpha waves; person is relaxed and drowsy - closes eye; (1) Eyes begin to roll. alpha waves give way to irregular theta waves; loses responsiveness to stimuli - experiences fleeting t






50. Of diencephalon - controls autonomic nervous system biological motivations (hunger - thirst) and pituitary gland