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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Of Hindbrain - aka medulla; Mainly controls for reflexes - but also controls sleep - attention - movement
Limbic system
Myelencephalon
Stereotaxic instruments
Somatic nervous system
2. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Sham rage
Synapse gap
Organizational hormones
3. Pathway that runs to and from CNS
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Agraphia
Sleep cycles
postsynaptic potentials
4. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
Sleep spindles
Alexia
Broca'S aphasia
fMRI
5. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Glial cells
Hypothalamus
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Amino acids
6. Connections between brain and spine
Apraxia
Corticospinal tract
Tegmentum
Terminal buttons
7. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
Oligodendrocytes
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Gray matter
8. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
Cortical association areas
Delta waves
Hyperphagia
estrogen
9. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving
Agnosia
Frontal lobe
Non-REM sleep (4 stages of sleep)
Amygdala
10. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone
Endorphins
Thalamus
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
androgens (example)
11. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Broca'S aphasia
Reticular formation
H-Y antigen
Antagonists
12. Control large voluntary muscle movements - Their degeneration is related to motor dysfunction in Parkinson'S and Huntington'S
Superior colliculus
Oligodendrocytes
Basal ganglia
Relative refractory period
13. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Rebound effect
Synapse gap
Sleep cycles
Terminal buttons
14. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Telencephalon
Antagonists
Parietal lobe
Tectum
15. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
estrogen
Meninges
Steps in neural transmission
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
16. Used to implant electrodes into animals' brains in experiments
Stereotaxic instruments
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
estrogen
Saltatory conduction
17. Include dopamine - lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson'S - excess dopamine is linked with schizophrenia - dopamine is also involved in feelings of reward and therefore addiction
Sleep cycles
Antagonists
Axon
Catecholamines
18. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system
Neurotransmitters
androgens (example)
Temporal lobe
Pituitary gland
19. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber
Endorphins
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
White Matter
Schwann cells
20. Areas on cortex that correspond to certain functions; - the larger the area - the more sensitive and highly accessed the function - Damage to a particular area would result in certain dysfunction
Inferior colliculus
Cortical association areas
Presynaptic cell
postsynaptic potentials
21. Decrease effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. botox is an acetylecholine antagonist that decreases muscle activity)
Antagonists
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Afferent fibers
Cell membrane
22. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Reticular formation
Brain evolution
PET
Superior colliculus
23. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
Endorphins
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Agraphia
24. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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25. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->
Synaptic vessels
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Autonomic nervous system
26. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for vision
Hippocampus
Occipital lobe
Spine (subsystem)
Sham rage
27. Made up of brain and spinal cord
Neural synchrony
Sham rage
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Cell membrane
28. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Agnosia
Oligodendrocytes
Monoamines
Forebrain (division)
29. Of mesencephalon - rest of reticular formation; Also involved in the sensorimotor system - analgesic effect of opiates
All-or-none law
Tegmentum
Acetylcholine
Sham rage
30. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
Autonomic nervous system
reuptake
All-or-none law
Inferior colliculus
31. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon
Blood-brain barrier
Nodes of Ranvier
Vasopressin
Theta waves
32. Organizational and activational
Endorphins
Hormones (type)
Theta waves
Organizational hormones
33. Time after absolute refractory period - neuron can fire but needs a much stronger stimulus
Myelencephalon
Organizational hormones
Relative refractory period
postsynaptic potentials
34. Of pituitary - regulate water levels in body and therefore BP
Blooming and pruning
Vasopressin
Relative refractory period
Reticular formation
35. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Corticospinal tract
Hindbrain
Synapse gap
Sympathetic nervous system
36. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Metencephalon
Nodes of Ranvier
Amygdala
Parasympathetic nervous system
37. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Hindbrain
Rebound effect
Theta waves
38. Once minimum threshold is met - intensity always the same regardless of amount of stimulation
Absolute refractory period
All-or-none law
Saltatory conduction
Limbic system
39. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production
Sham rage
Soma
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Apraxia
40. ANS - recuperation after arousal (decrease HR - BP - respiration)
estrogen
H-Y antigen
Gyri
Parasympathetic nervous system
41. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
Neural synchrony
Electroencephalogram
White matter
Sulci
42. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Afferent fibers
Acetylcholine
Gray matter
androgens (example)
43. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone
Hormones (type)
Terminal buttons
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Organizational hormones
44. Fatty - insulating sheath on some axons for faster conduction of axon impulses
Amino acids
Myelin sheath
Apraxia
Somatic nervous system
45. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Myelin sheath
Indolamines
oxytocin
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
46. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Metencephalon
Basal ganglia
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Blooming and pruning
47. Fissures seen on cortex surface
Myelencephalon
Temporal lobe
Sulci
Monoamines
48. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing
All-or-none law
Efferent fibers
Tectum
Alexia
49. Where soma and axon connect
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Alexia
Sympathetic nervous system
Axon hillock
50. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty
Parasympathetic nervous system
Hypothalamus
menarche
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)