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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bumps on the brainstem - controls visual reflexes






2. Increase in males during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop - example: testosterone






3. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive






4. Present in fast-acting - directed synapses






5. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for hearing - also Wernicke'S area (related to speech)






6. The basic unit of the nervous system - Consist of: Dentrites - cell body (soma) - axon hillock - axon - myelin sheath - nodes of Ranvier - Terminal buttons - cell membrane - synapse - glial cells






7. Gray matter - white matter






8. Of cerebral cortex - controls speech (Broca'S area) - reasoning - problem solving






9. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves






10. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential






11. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters






12. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through






13. Connections between brain and spine






14. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression






15. In females - regulate the development of ovum and trigger ovulation - In males - regulate the development of sperm cells and the production of testosterone






16. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Broca'S area - in left frontal lobe; can understand speech but has difficulty speaking (slow - laborious - omits words)

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17. A type of cell that help support neurons; oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells






18. Process in which neural pathways are connected and then some die out (children go through these process)






19. 4-6 complete ones - each about 90 minutes - early in the night most time in stage 3 and 4 - 2 and REM sleep predominate later






20. Controlled by hypothalamus - regulation of hormones in the body - The 'master gland' of the endocrine/hormone system






21. Between myelin sheath - help send impulse down axon






22. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)






23. For female - the onset of the menstrual cycles - occurs during puberty






24. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon






25. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)






26. Jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next due to insulation by myelin sheath






27. Transmits impulses of neuron - bundles of these are nerve fibers (white matter); the wider nerve fiber - the faster its conduction






28. Midbrain; contains tectum and tegmentum






29. Bundles of axon - Nerve fiber






30. Comprise two classes of neurotransmitters - indolamines and catecholamines






31. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell






32. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write






33. Positron emission tomography - scans glucose metabolism to measure activity in various brain regions






34. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states






35. Of mesencephalon - vision and hearing






36. Of telencephalon - links brain areas dealing with emotion and decisions






37. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure






38. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed






39. Base in hindbrain - rest in midbrain; oldest brain area; Controls alertness - thirst - sleep - involuntary muscles (i.e. heart)






40. comprises 50% of total sleep at birth - decreases to 25% - 20% sleep time spent in this type of sleep - Interspersed with non-REM every 30-40min - where dreams are experience - characterized by neural desynchrony - also known as paradoxical sleep -->






41. Of pituitary - stress hormone - increases androgen and cortisol production






42. Stage 3 (less sleep spindles) & 4 non-REM sleep - high-amplitude and low-frequency - deepest level of sleep






43. Beginning of neuron (dendrites)






44. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to read






45. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks






46. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord






47. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication






48. Depolarization - + from outside allowed into cell - increase firing






49. PNS fibers that run away from CNS (to cause effect the brain wants)






50. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement