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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 1
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Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The process after a neurotransmitter has done its job - it is reabsorbed by the presynaptic cell
reuptake
Mesencephalon
Hypothalamus
Electroencephalogram
2. Gray matter - white matter
Spine (subsystem)
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Hindbrain
Somatic nervous system
3. Tough connective tissues that cover/protect brain and spinal cord
Meninges
Dendrites
Cell membrane
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
4. Increase effects of a neurotransmitter (e.g. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [for depression] increase serotonin activity)
Agonists
Beta waves
Parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
5. (1) resting potential - neuron negatively charged - cell membrane does not let ions in; (2) presynaptic cell releases neurotransmitters from terminal buttons; (3) postsynaptic receptors in postsynaptic cells detects neurotransmitter and open ion chan
Dendrites
postsynaptic potentials
Steps in neural transmission
PET
6. Measures brain wave patterns and have made it possible to study waking and sleeping states
White Matter
Electroencephalogram
Gyri
Tectum
7. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - difficulty processing sensory information
Tegmentum
Agnosia
Sleep cycles
Absolute refractory period
8. Of telencephalon - controls emotional reactions such as fear and anger
Autonomic nervous system (subsystems)
Amygdala
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Gray matter
9. Linked to pleasure and analgesia; can be endogenous (opioid peptides) or exogenous (morphine or heroin) - Exogenous endorphine are highly addictive
Endorphins
oxytocin
androgens (example)
Saltatory conduction
10. Of telencephalon - structures around the brainstem involved in 4Fs (fleeing - feeding - fighting - and fornicating)
Agnosia
Limbic system
All-or-none law
Blood-brain barrier
11. Measures oxygen flow in different brain areas - used most in cognitive psych to measure activity in different brain regions during certain tasks
fMRI
Vasopressin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Gyri
12. Contain synaptic vessels that hold neurotransmitters
Theta waves
Limbic system
Catecholamines
Terminal buttons
13. Covers whole neuron - selective permeability - sometimes lets ions (positive charge) through
Terminal buttons
Neuron
Cell membrane
Amygdala
14. Increase in female during puberty causes genitals to matures and secondary sex characteristics to develop
Hindbrain
estrogen
Myelencephalon
Vasopressin
15. Low-amplitude and fast -frequency alpha waves
Amygdala
Neural synchrony
Absolute refractory period
Cortical association areas
16. Include serotonin - lack of serotonin is linked with depression
Superior colliculus
Indolamines
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Temporal lobe
17. Stage 0 & 1 non-REM sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves
Alpha waves
reuptake
Oligodendrocytes
Hippocampus
18. 16 hours of sleep a day - 6 hours
Acetylcholine
Sleep hours for infants and elderly respectively
Gyri
Thalamus
19. REM-sleep - low-amplitude and fast-frequency waves that characterize waking states
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Acetylcholine
Beta waves
20. Fast frequency bursts of brain activity - inhibits processing to keep tranquil state
Hormones (type)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Sleep spindles
Activational hormones
21. Stage 1 & 2 non-REM sleep (with sleep spindles) - lower-amplitude and slower frequency waves
Sham rage
postsynaptic potentials
Theta waves
Soma
22. Consists of myelencephalon - metencephalon - and reticular formation
Corticospinal tract
Myelin sheath
Hindbrain
Soma
23. Presence during development causes a fetus to develop into a male (absence cause the fetus to develop into a female)
Thalamus
Organizational hormones
Tegmentum
H-Y antigen
24. ANS - controls arousal mechanisms (blood circulation - pupil dilation - threat and fear response) - Lie detector test relies on the premise -->lying activates the sympathetic nervous system and cause things like (increase heart rate - blood pressure
Sympathetic nervous system
Axon
Theta waves
Hyperphagia
25. Released at neuromuscular junction to cause contraction of skeletal muscles - also involved in parasympathetic nervous system
Parietal lobe
Sulci
Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Acetylcholine
26. Incredible rage easily provoked when cerebral cortex is removed
Sham rage
Autonomic nervous system
Cortical association areas
Neuromodulators
27. Outer covering of spine - nerve fibers - axon bundles - myelin sheathing
White matter
Nodes of Ranvier
Axon hillock
Mesencephalon
28. Divided into diencephalon and telencephalon
Myelencephalon
Forebrain (division)
Alpha waves
oxytocin
29. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - language disorder from damage to Wernicke'S area - in left temporal lobe; can speak but doesn'T understand how to correctly choose words (fluent but nonsensical)
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30. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to write
resting potential
Agraphia
PET
Apraxia
31. Chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid that insulate brain from shock
Myelencephalon
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Ventricles
androgens (example)
32. Inner core of spine - cell bodies and dendrites
All-or-none law
Superior colliculus
Gray matter
Organizational hormones
33. Of telencephalon - involves in memory- transfer STM into LTM - - new neurons can form in adult mammalian brain
Activational hormones
Corticospinal tract
Neurotransmitters
Hippocampus
34. Protects the brain by making it difficult for toxic substances to pass from the blood into the brain - since blood vessel cells in the brain are tightly packed
Theta waves
Afferent fibers
Blood-brain barrier
Central Nervous System (CNS)
35. Associated with changes in hormone levels throughout the month - estradiol - progesterone - luteinizing hormone - follicle stimulating hormone
menarche
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Synaptic vessels
36. Provide myelin in peripheral nervous system
Brain evolution
Terminal buttons
White Matter
Schwann cells
37. Inactivated state of a neuron
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Corticospinal tract
Telencephalon
resting potential
38. An amino acid - most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter.
Glutamate
Organizational hormones
Telencephalon
Delta waves
39. Occurs when people deprived of REM sleep - compensate by spending more time in REM sleep later in the night
Rebound effect
Amino acids
Neuromodulators
Temporal lobe
40. Changes in a nerve cell'S charge as the result of stimulation - 2 forms: excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential
postsynaptic potentials
Agraphia
Hormones (type)
Gray matter
41. Of cerebral cortex - responsible for somatosensory system
Parietal lobe
Glutamate
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Neuromodulators
42. Connections between brain and spine
Cortical association areas
Corticospinal tract
fMRI
Relative refractory period
43. Or just synapse - the space between 2 neurons where they communication
Central Nervous System (CNS)
androgens (example)
Synapse gap
Sham rage
44. Consists of limbic system - hippocampus - amygdala - cingulate gyrus
Acetylcholine
White Matter
Telencephalon
Sulci
45. Extension of the spine - developed from base to the front
Presynaptic cell
Pituitary gland
Female menstrual cycle (hormones)
Brain evolution
46. Made up of somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Inferior colliculus
Peripheral nervous system (subsystems)
PET
Efferent fibers
47. Overeating with no satiation of hunger; leads to obesity; damage to ventromedial region of hypothalamus
White Matter
Hyperphagia
Hippocampus
Tegmentum
48. Outer half-inch of cerebral hemispheres; - sensory and intellectual functions; - split into frontal - occipital - parietal - temporal lobes; - 90% is neocortex (new in evolution - 6 layers cortex) - 10% < 6 layers and more primitive
Cerebral cortex (subsystem)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Apraxia
Occipital lobe
49. Dysfunction in certain cortical association area - inability to organize movement
Apraxia
White matter
Antagonists
reuptake
50. Provide myelin in central nervous system
Catecholamines
Frontal lobe
Vasopressin
Oligodendrocytes