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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






2. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






3. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






4. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






5. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






6. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






7. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






8. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






9. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






10. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






12. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






13. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






14. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






15. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






16. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






17. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






19. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






21. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






23. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






24. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






26. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






27. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






28. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






29. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






30. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






32. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






33. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






34. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






39. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






40. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






41. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






42. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






43. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






44. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






45. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






46. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






47. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






48. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






49. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)