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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
phenotypic expression
Estrus
Fight or flight
Konrad Lorenz
2. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
Sexual dimorphism
Hierarchy of bees
3. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Instinctual drift (example)
Fight or flight
Charles Darwin
4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Mimicry
genotype
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation cues
5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Sun compass
Navigation of animals
Estrus
Zygote
6. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Imprinting
Walter Cannon
Sexual selection
Sensitive or critical periods
7. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Fitness
Dominant and recessive gene
Interaction between instinct and learning
Eric Kandel
8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Karl von Frisch
Supernormal sign stimulus
Animal aggression
9. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Mating of bees
Navigation cues
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
genotype
10. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Herring gull chicks
Imprinting
Walter Cannon
Courting
11. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
homeostasis
Karl von Frisch
Stickleback fish
mechanical isolation
12. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Infrasound
Comparative psychology
Natural selection
Courting
13. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Imprinting
Alleles
Harry Harlow
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Star compass
Wolfgang Kohler
Natural selection
15. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Instinctual/innate behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Inbreeding
Altruism
16. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Natural selection
Inbreeding
Pheromones
phenotypic expression
17. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Interaction between instinct and learning
R. C. Tyron
Stickleback fish
Edward Thorndike
18. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Mating of bees
Infrasound
Magnetic sense
Konrad Lorenz
19. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Communication of bees
Fight or flight
Zygote
Hearing of owls
20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
R. C. Tyron
Selective breeding
Charles Darwin
Circadian rhythms
21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Navigation cues
Supernormal sign stimulus
Courting
Animal aggression
22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Hierarchy of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
23. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Infrasound
Ethology
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Genes
24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Polarized light
Herring gull chicks
Star compass
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
25. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Sun compass
Round dance
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Fight or flight
26. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Konrad Lorenz
homeostasis
27. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Genetic drift
mechanical isolation
Edward Thorndike
Fixed action patterns (example)
28. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Polarized light
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
29. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Atmospheric pressure
Charles Darwin
Pheromones
Interaction between instinct and learning
30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Dominant and recessive gene
homeostasis
Ethology
Animal aggression
31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
phenotypic expression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Star compass
32. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Pheromones
Karl von Frisch
Charles Darwin
Nikolaas Tinbergen
33. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Magnetic sense
Round dance
Mimicry
Gamete
34. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Hierarchy of bees
Infrasound
Fight or flight
phenotypic expression
35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Interaction between instinct and learning
behavioral isolation
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation of bees
36. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Altruism
Wolfgang Kohler
Fight or flight
Atmospheric pressure
37. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Herring gull chicks
Biological clocks
Selective breeding
Sensitive or critical periods
38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Atmospheric pressure
Dominant and recessive gene
Genes
Inclusive fitness
39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Echolocation
Charles Darwin
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Round dance
40. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Sexual dimorphism
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
behavioral isolation
41. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Alleles
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Waggle dance
Instinctual drift (example)
42. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Biological clocks
Flower selection of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
homeostasis
43. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Fight or flight
Hearing of owls
Interaction between instinct and learning
Zygote
44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Atmospheric pressure
Flower selection of bees
isolation by season
Imprinting
45. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Magnetic sense
Releasing stimuli
Sun compass
Mating of bees
46. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Hearing of owls
Communication of bees
Mimicry
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Karl von Frisch
mechanical isolation
Estrus
Pheromones
48. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Pheromones
Fight or flight
Inclusive fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
49. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
phenotypic expression
Harry Harlow
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Inclusive fitness
50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Animal aggression
Sexual dimorphism
Phenotype
Zygote