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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






2. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






3. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






4. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






5. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






6. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






9. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






12. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






13. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






14. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






15. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






16. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






17. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






18. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






19. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






20. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






21. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






23. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






25. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






26. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






27. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






28. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






29. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






30. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






31. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






32. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






33. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






34. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






36. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






37. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






38. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






39. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






40. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






41. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






42. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






43. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






44. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






45. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






46. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






47. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






49. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






50. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue