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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






2. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






3. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






5. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






6. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






9. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






10. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






11. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






12. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






13. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






18. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






19. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






21. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






22. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






23. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






24. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






25. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






26. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






27. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






28. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






29. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






31. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






32. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






33. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






34. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






36. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






37. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






38. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






39. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






40. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






41. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






42. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






44. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






45. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






46. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






47. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






48. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






50. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)