Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






2. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






3. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






4. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






5. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






7. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






8. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






9. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






10. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






11. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






12. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






13. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






14. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






17. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






18. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






19. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






21. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






22. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






24. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






25. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






27. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






29. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






30. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






31. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






32. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






34. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






35. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






36. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






37. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






38. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






39. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






40. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






41. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






42. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






43. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






44. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






45. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






46. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






47. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






48. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






49. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish