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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






2. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






3. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






5. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






6. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






7. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






9. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






10. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






11. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






14. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






15. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






18. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






19. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






20. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






23. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






24. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






25. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






26. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






28. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






29. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






31. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






32. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






35. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






36. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






37. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






38. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






39. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






40. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






41. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






42. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






43. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






44. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






45. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






47. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






50. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)