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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Hierarchy of bees
Magnetic sense
Alleles
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
2. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Fight or flight
Konrad Lorenz
homeostasis
3. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Animal aggression
Supernormal sign stimulus
Mating of bees
Konrad Lorenz
4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Biological clocks
Mating of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
geographic isolation
5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Selective breeding
Courting
Mimicry
6. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Edward Thorndike
Instrumental learning
Navigation of bees
Polarized light
7. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Altruism
Communication of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
8. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Selective breeding
Infrasound
9. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Navigation cues
Edward Thorndike
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
10. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Mimicry
Navigation cues
Zygote
Cross fostering experiments
11. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Biological clocks
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Eric Kandel
Hearing of owls
12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Round dance
Wolfgang Kohler
Inclusive fitness
Dominant and recessive gene
13. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
phenotypic expression
Interaction between instinct and learning
Courting
14. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Natural selection
Stickleback fish
Communication of bees
15. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Cross fostering experiments
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
geographic isolation
Zygote
16. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Magnetic sense
Herring gull chicks
Instinctual drift (example)
behavioral isolation
17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Navigation of animals
Harry Harlow
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Fitness
18. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
R. C. Tyron
Dominant and recessive gene
homeostasis
Eric Kandel
19. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Circadian rhythms
Navigation cues
Fixed action patterns (example)
Ethology
20. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Releasing stimuli
Gamete
Sexual selection
21. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Walter Cannon
Gamete
Comparative psychology
Phenotype
22. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Navigation of animals
Courting
behavioral isolation
Mating of bees
23. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Waggle dance
Mating of bees
Round dance
24. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Stickleback fish
Zygote
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fixed action patterns (example)
25. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Charles Darwin
Cross fostering experiments
Communication of bees
phenotypic expression
26. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Instrumental learning
isolation by season
Sexual dimorphism
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
27. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Karl von Frisch
Natural selection
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
28. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Atmospheric pressure
Natural selection
Gamete
Mimicry
29. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
mechanical isolation
Edward Thorndike
Altruism
Konrad Lorenz
30. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Animal aggression
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
Imprinting
31. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
phenotypic expression
Genes
Round dance
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
32. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Pheromones
Comparative psychology
Round dance
33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Polarized light
Interaction between instinct and learning
Mimicry
34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Navigation of bees
Animal aggression
Fight or flight
Polarized light
35. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Phenotype
geographic isolation
Fixed action patterns (example)
36. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
isolation by season
Communication of bees
Atmospheric pressure
37. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Altruism
Genetic drift
Gamete
38. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Interaction between instinct and learning
Alleles
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Infrasound
39. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Selective breeding
Dominant and recessive gene
Fitness
Echolocation
40. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Konrad Lorenz
Charles Darwin
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instinctual drift (example)
41. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Inbreeding
mechanical isolation
42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Interaction between instinct and learning
Sexual dimorphism
Navigation of animals
Walter Cannon
43. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Navigation of bees
Harry Harlow
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
44. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Infrasound
Hierarchy of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Biological clocks
45. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Mating of bees
Releasing stimuli
behavioral isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
46. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Genetic drift
Inbreeding
Sexual dimorphism
47. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Gamete
Animal aggression
Hearing of owls
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Inbreeding
behavioral isolation
Eric Kandel
49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Sun compass
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Phenotype
50. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Sun compass
Charles Darwin
Inbreeding