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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Flower selection of bees
Genetic drift
Polarized light
Phenotype
2. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Selective breeding
Mimicry
phenotypic expression
Pheromones
3. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Herring gull chicks
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
genotype
4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Walter Cannon
Communication of bees
Stickleback fish
5. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Biological clocks
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Star compass
genotype
6. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
7. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Imprinting
Flower selection of bees
Biological clocks
8. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Communication of bees
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Magnetic sense
Inclusive fitness
Mimicry
Estrus
10. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Flower selection of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
mechanical isolation
Instrumental learning
11. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Navigation of animals
Imprinting
Animal aggression
12. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Hearing of owls
Instinctual drift (example)
geographic isolation
Natural selection
13. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Hierarchy of bees
genotype
Waggle dance
Animal aggression
14. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Interaction between instinct and learning
Courting
homeostasis
Hierarchy of bees
15. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Inbreeding
Star compass
isolation by season
16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Echolocation
Wolfgang Kohler
Sexual selection
Cross fostering experiments
17. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
phenotypic expression
Interaction between instinct and learning
Charles Darwin
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
18. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Stickleback fish
Interaction between instinct and learning
phenotypic expression
Cross fostering experiments
19. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Fixed action patterns (example)
Sun compass
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Genes
20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Cross fostering experiments
Polarized light
Instrumental learning
Selective breeding
21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Edward Thorndike
Inclusive fitness
Biological clocks
phenotypic expression
22. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Sexual dimorphism
Infrasound
Navigation of animals
Harry Harlow
23. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Sexual dimorphism
Stickleback fish
Inclusive fitness
24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Supernormal sign stimulus
homeostasis
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
25. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Inbreeding
Sexual dimorphism
Animal aggression
Releasing stimuli
26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Infrasound
R. C. Tyron
Imprinting
Flower selection of bees
27. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
phenotypic expression
Charles Darwin
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
28. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Supernormal sign stimulus
Communication of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Hearing of owls
29. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Polarized light
phenotypic expression
Biological clocks
Zygote
30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Magnetic sense
Imprinting
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
geographic isolation
31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Zygote
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Animal aggression
32. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Flower selection of bees
Eric Kandel
Altruism
Harry Harlow
33. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
isolation by season
Gamete
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Mimicry
34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Harry Harlow
isolation by season
Hierarchy of bees
Biological clocks
35. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Gamete
Alleles
Altruism
Communication of bees
36. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Natural selection
Selective breeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fixed action patterns (example)
37. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Hearing of owls
Genes
Biological clocks
Phenotype
38. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Navigation of animals
Pheromones
Genetic drift
39. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Stickleback fish
Zygote
Harry Harlow
Sun compass
40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
homeostasis
Dominant and recessive gene
Edward Thorndike
isolation by season
41. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Echolocation
Sexual selection
Instrumental learning
Navigation cues
42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Fight or flight
Inbreeding
Navigation of bees
R. C. Tyron
43. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Stickleback fish
Eric Kandel
Mating of bees
Instrumental learning
44. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Star compass
Genes
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Biological clocks
45. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Inbreeding
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genes
46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Edward Thorndike
Flower selection of bees
Echolocation
Sexual dimorphism
47. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Fitness
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
48. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Fight or flight
Inbreeding
Sun compass
Infrasound
49. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Releasing stimuli
Animal aggression
phenotypic expression
genotype
50. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
phenotypic expression
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Fixed action patterns (example)