Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






2. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






4. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






5. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






6. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






9. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






10. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






11. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






12. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






14. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






15. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






18. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






19. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






20. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






21. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






22. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






23. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






24. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






25. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






26. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






27. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






28. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






29. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






30. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






31. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






32. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






33. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






34. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






37. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






39. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






40. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






41. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






42. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






43. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






44. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






46. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






47. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






48. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned