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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






3. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






4. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






5. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






6. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






7. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






9. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






10. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






11. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






12. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






13. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






14. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






15. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






16. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






17. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






18. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






19. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






20. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






21. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






22. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






23. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






24. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






25. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






26. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






29. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






30. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






32. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






33. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






34. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






35. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






38. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






39. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






41. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






43. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






44. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






45. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






46. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






47. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






49. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






50. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes