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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






2. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






3. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






6. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






7. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






9. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






10. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






11. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






12. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






13. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






15. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






16. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






17. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






18. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






19. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






23. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






26. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






27. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






28. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






29. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






32. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






33. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






34. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






36. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






37. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






40. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






41. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






42. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






43. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






45. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






46. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






48. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






49. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)