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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






5. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






6. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






7. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






8. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






9. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






10. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






11. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






12. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






13. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






14. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






15. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






16. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






17. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






18. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






19. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






20. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






22. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






23. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






25. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






27. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






30. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






32. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






33. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






34. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






35. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






36. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






38. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






40. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






41. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






44. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






45. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






46. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






47. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






48. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






49. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






50. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue