Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






2. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






3. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






4. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






5. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






6. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






7. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






9. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






10. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






11. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






12. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






13. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






14. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






15. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






16. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






17. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






18. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






19. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






20. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






22. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






23. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






24. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






25. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






26. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






27. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






28. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






29. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






30. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






33. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






34. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






35. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






36. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






37. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






39. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






40. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






41. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






42. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






43. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






44. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






45. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






46. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






47. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






48. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish