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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






2. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






4. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






5. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






6. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






7. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






8. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






9. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






10. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






12. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






13. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






14. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






15. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






17. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






18. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






19. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






20. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






21. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






22. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






23. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






24. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






25. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






26. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






27. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






28. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






29. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






30. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






31. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






32. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






33. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






35. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






36. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






37. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






38. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






39. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






40. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






41. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






42. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






43. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






46. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






47. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






48. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






49. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






50. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue