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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Ethology
geographic isolation
Gamete
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
2. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
homeostasis
Sensitive or critical periods
Estrus
Round dance
3. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Zygote
Atmospheric pressure
Instinctual drift (example)
Alleles
4. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Navigation of animals
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Estrus
Navigation of bees
5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Sun compass
Hierarchy of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Polarized light
6. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
genotype
Fight or flight
Cross fostering experiments
Sensitive or critical periods
7. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Alleles
Polarized light
Sensitive or critical periods
Echolocation
8. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
behavioral isolation
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Infrasound
9. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Releasing stimuli
Gamete
Fight or flight
Waggle dance
10. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Round dance
Communication of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
behavioral isolation
11. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Alleles
Cross fostering experiments
Waggle dance
Mimicry
12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Magnetic sense
Wolfgang Kohler
behavioral isolation
Phenotype
13. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Zygote
Dominant and recessive gene
Instinctual/innate behaviours
14. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Round dance
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Eric Kandel
Phenotype
15. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Instinctual/innate behaviours
genotype
Circadian rhythms
Herring gull chicks
16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Echolocation
Navigation cues
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
17. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Karl von Frisch
Navigation cues
Magnetic sense
18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Alleles
Sexual dimorphism
Konrad Lorenz
mechanical isolation
19. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Fight or flight
Sexual selection
Edward Thorndike
Stickleback fish
20. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Navigation of bees
Selective breeding
Circadian rhythms
Nikolaas Tinbergen
21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Harry Harlow
Zygote
Inclusive fitness
Courting
22. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Ethology
Circadian rhythms
geographic isolation
Sexual dimorphism
23. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Circadian rhythms
Estrus
Ethology
24. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
R. C. Tyron
Inclusive fitness
Round dance
Charles Darwin
25. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Ethology
Mating of bees
Natural selection
Sexual dimorphism
26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Karl von Frisch
Flower selection of bees
Echolocation
Konrad Lorenz
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Harry Harlow
Animal aggression
isolation by season
Pheromones
28. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Waggle dance
R. C. Tyron
Navigation of animals
29. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
geographic isolation
Circadian rhythms
Selective breeding
30. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
isolation by season
Estrus
Karl von Frisch
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Star compass
Zygote
Sensitive or critical periods
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
32. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Selective breeding
Eric Kandel
Animal aggression
Echolocation
33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Genes
Imprinting
Charles Darwin
Alleles
34. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Round dance
Waggle dance
Estrus
Inbreeding
35. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Genes
Sexual dimorphism
Harry Harlow
Dominant and recessive gene
36. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Animal aggression
Genes
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Zygote
37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Eric Kandel
Infrasound
Star compass
38. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Sun compass
Circadian rhythms
Supernormal sign stimulus
Inclusive fitness
39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Edward Thorndike
Infrasound
Inclusive fitness
behavioral isolation
40. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
mechanical isolation
Walter Cannon
Hearing of owls
Communication of bees
41. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
genotype
Inclusive fitness
Polarized light
42. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Instrumental learning
Fitness
Fight or flight
Supernormal sign stimulus
43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
geographic isolation
Gamete
R. C. Tyron
homeostasis
44. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
R. C. Tyron
Herring gull chicks
Konrad Lorenz
Eric Kandel
45. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Navigation cues
homeostasis
Navigation of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
46. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Genes
Wolfgang Kohler
Mating of bees
genotype
47. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Pheromones
Courting
isolation by season
48. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Inclusive fitness
Imprinting
Stickleback fish
Sexual dimorphism
49. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
phenotypic expression
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
geographic isolation
50. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Genetic drift
Echolocation
Natural selection