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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






3. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






5. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






6. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






7. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






8. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






9. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






10. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






12. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






13. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






14. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






15. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






17. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






18. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






20. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






21. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






23. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






24. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






25. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






26. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






27. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






28. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






29. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






30. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






31. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






32. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






35. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






36. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






37. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






38. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






39. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






40. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






41. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






42. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






43. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






44. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






45. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






46. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






47. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






48. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






49. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






50. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis