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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
geographic isolation
Circadian rhythms
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Cross fostering experiments
2. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Animal aggression
Sensitive or critical periods
Atmospheric pressure
Instinctual/innate behaviours
3. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Fixed action patterns (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
Fitness
Polarized light
4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
Mating of bees
Inbreeding
5. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
homeostasis
Communication of bees
Fitness
6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Ethology
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Hearing of owls
7. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Natural selection
Round dance
Karl von Frisch
8. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Sexual dimorphism
homeostasis
Navigation of animals
9. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
Fight or flight
10. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Herring gull chicks
Sexual dimorphism
Flower selection of bees
Cross fostering experiments
11. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Phenotype
Zygote
Fitness
12. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Karl von Frisch
geographic isolation
13. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
isolation by season
Selective breeding
Releasing stimuli
Fitness
14. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Navigation cues
Navigation of animals
Konrad Lorenz
phenotypic expression
15. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Star compass
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Wolfgang Kohler
16. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Inbreeding
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
genotype
Infrasound
17. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Wolfgang Kohler
Gamete
Dominant and recessive gene
Supernormal sign stimulus
18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Hierarchy of bees
phenotypic expression
Echolocation
19. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Flower selection of bees
Gamete
Wolfgang Kohler
Genetic drift
20. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Mating of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation cues
Fitness
21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
Hierarchy of bees
R. C. Tyron
Mating of bees
22. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Interaction between instinct and learning
Circadian rhythms
Navigation of animals
Fitness
23. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Phenotype
Altruism
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instinctual drift (example)
24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Ethology
Sensitive or critical periods
Genes
Navigation of animals
25. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Harry Harlow
R. C. Tyron
Courting
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
26. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Walter Cannon
Natural selection
Sun compass
Charles Darwin
27. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Walter Cannon
Infrasound
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Inbreeding
28. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Sun compass
Harry Harlow
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Sexual selection
29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Round dance
Courting
Interaction between instinct and learning
30. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Courting
Star compass
Altruism
31. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Animal aggression
Hierarchy of bees
Waggle dance
Konrad Lorenz
32. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Eric Kandel
Imprinting
Mimicry
33. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Pheromones
Navigation of animals
genotype
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Eric Kandel
isolation by season
genotype
Courting
35. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
isolation by season
Instinctual drift (example)
Releasing stimuli
Fight or flight
36. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Polarized light
Mimicry
Sensitive or critical periods
Mating of bees
37. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
genotype
Biological clocks
R. C. Tyron
Sexual selection
38. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
Alleles
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
39. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Flower selection of bees
Sun compass
Navigation cues
Cross fostering experiments
40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Round dance
genotype
Genetic drift
41. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Round dance
Alleles
Hearing of owls
42. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Dominant and recessive gene
Harry Harlow
Flower selection of bees
Stickleback fish
43. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Echolocation
Communication of bees
homeostasis
Fitness
44. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
mechanical isolation
Infrasound
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Instinctual drift (example)
45. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Interaction between instinct and learning
isolation by season
Altruism
46. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
geographic isolation
Round dance
47. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
behavioral isolation
Echolocation
Fixed action patterns (example)
genotype
48. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Circadian rhythms
Cross fostering experiments
Star compass
Instinctual drift (example)
49. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Comparative psychology
mechanical isolation
Instrumental learning
Navigation of bees
50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Fixed action patterns (example)
Mating of bees
Animal aggression
Zygote