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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






3. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






5. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






8. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






9. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






10. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






11. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






12. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






13. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






14. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






15. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






16. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






17. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






19. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






20. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






22. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






23. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






25. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






26. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






27. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






28. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






30. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






31. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






32. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






33. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






35. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






36. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






37. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






38. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






39. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






41. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






42. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






43. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






44. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






45. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






46. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






47. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






48. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






49. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid