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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Echolocation
2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Communication of bees
Eric Kandel
Zygote
3. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Infrasound
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Communication of bees
4. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Cross fostering experiments
Pheromones
5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Polarized light
phenotypic expression
Fixed action patterns (example)
Alleles
6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Waggle dance
Karl von Frisch
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Instrumental learning
7. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Edward Thorndike
Pheromones
Star compass
Cross fostering experiments
8. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Sexual selection
Releasing stimuli
Biological clocks
9. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sensitive or critical periods
Interaction between instinct and learning
phenotypic expression
Sexual dimorphism
10. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
behavioral isolation
Instrumental learning
Inbreeding
homeostasis
11. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Zygote
Hierarchy of bees
R. C. Tyron
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
12. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Estrus
Comparative psychology
Atmospheric pressure
13. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
mechanical isolation
Genes
Flower selection of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
14. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
mechanical isolation
Konrad Lorenz
genotype
Hierarchy of bees
15. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Walter Cannon
Alleles
Nikolaas Tinbergen
16. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Navigation cues
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
17. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Fitness
genotype
Instinctual drift (example)
Herring gull chicks
18. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Charles Darwin
Waggle dance
Supernormal sign stimulus
Hierarchy of bees
19. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Zygote
Biological clocks
Estrus
Navigation of bees
20. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
behavioral isolation
Phenotype
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Estrus
21. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Natural selection
Atmospheric pressure
Herring gull chicks
behavioral isolation
22. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Biological clocks
Fitness
Pheromones
23. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Polarized light
Sexual selection
Inclusive fitness
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
24. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Atmospheric pressure
Alleles
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Mating of bees
25. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Stickleback fish
Edward Thorndike
phenotypic expression
26. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Waggle dance
Mating of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
27. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Magnetic sense
Fixed action patterns (example)
Instrumental learning
Releasing stimuli
28. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Stickleback fish
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instinctual drift (example)
Sensitive or critical periods
29. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Comparative psychology
Gamete
Fitness
Inbreeding
30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
geographic isolation
Fitness
Mating of bees
Pheromones
31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Ethology
Genes
Communication of bees
Sexual selection
32. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sexual dimorphism
Round dance
33. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Magnetic sense
Natural selection
Imprinting
Waggle dance
34. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
mechanical isolation
Navigation of animals
R. C. Tyron
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
35. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Echolocation
phenotypic expression
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
36. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Fixed action patterns (example)
Pheromones
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
37. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Instinctual drift (example)
Sexual dimorphism
Echolocation
38. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Fitness
Eric Kandel
Walter Cannon
Harry Harlow
39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Infrasound
Altruism
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
40. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Polarized light
Hearing of owls
Estrus
Alleles
41. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Polarized light
Cross fostering experiments
Echolocation
Star compass
42. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Alleles
phenotypic expression
behavioral isolation
43. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Konrad Lorenz
phenotypic expression
Round dance
Phenotype
44. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
behavioral isolation
isolation by season
Sensitive or critical periods
Harry Harlow
45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Harry Harlow
Flower selection of bees
Circadian rhythms
Instrumental learning
46. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
genotype
homeostasis
Fitness
47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Instrumental learning
mechanical isolation
geographic isolation
Polarized light
48. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Edward Thorndike
Inclusive fitness
Estrus
Magnetic sense
49. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Estrus
Sexual selection
Hearing of owls
50. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Zygote
Animal aggression
Instinctual drift (example)