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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






3. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






5. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






6. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






7. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






8. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






9. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






10. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






11. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






12. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






13. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






15. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






16. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






17. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






18. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






19. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






20. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






21. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






22. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






24. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






26. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






27. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






28. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






29. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






30. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






32. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






33. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






34. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






35. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






36. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






37. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






38. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






39. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






41. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






42. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






43. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






46. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






47. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






48. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






49. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons