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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






2. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






3. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






4. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






5. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






6. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






7. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






8. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






10. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






11. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






12. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






13. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






14. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






15. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






16. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






17. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






18. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






21. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






22. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






23. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






25. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






26. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






27. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






28. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






29. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






30. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






31. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






32. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






34. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






35. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






36. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






38. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






39. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






41. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






42. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






43. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






44. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






45. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






46. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






47. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






48. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






49. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






50. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids