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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






4. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






5. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






6. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






7. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






8. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






11. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






13. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






14. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






15. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






16. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






17. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






18. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






19. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






20. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






22. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






23. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






24. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






25. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






26. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






28. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






30. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






31. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






32. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






33. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






34. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






35. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






37. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






39. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






40. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






41. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






42. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






43. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






44. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






45. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






46. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






47. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period