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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Atmospheric pressure
Flower selection of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
2. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Hearing of owls
Walter Cannon
Instinctual drift (example)
3. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
Eric Kandel
homeostasis
4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Fitness
Sun compass
Mating of bees
5. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Circadian rhythms
mechanical isolation
Dominant and recessive gene
Zygote
6. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
genotype
Karl von Frisch
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Nikolaas Tinbergen
7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Sensitive or critical periods
Round dance
Cross fostering experiments
8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Instrumental learning
Charles Darwin
Ethology
Hierarchy of bees
9. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Konrad Lorenz
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Infrasound
genotype
10. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
behavioral isolation
Altruism
Harry Harlow
Phenotype
11. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Releasing stimuli
Ethology
mechanical isolation
12. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Sun compass
Hearing of owls
homeostasis
Estrus
13. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Sexual dimorphism
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Selective breeding
Communication of bees
14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Konrad Lorenz
Mimicry
Magnetic sense
15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Sexual selection
Hierarchy of bees
Biological clocks
Comparative psychology
16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Sensitive or critical periods
R. C. Tyron
Animal aggression
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Navigation cues
Round dance
Charles Darwin
isolation by season
18. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Walter Cannon
Biological clocks
Comparative psychology
Navigation cues
19. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Hierarchy of bees
Instrumental learning
Echolocation
20. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Edward Thorndike
Inclusive fitness
Infrasound
21. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
R. C. Tyron
Flower selection of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Polarized light
22. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Ethology
isolation by season
phenotypic expression
Fitness
23. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Selective breeding
Flower selection of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
24. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Stickleback fish
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation of animals
Sexual dimorphism
25. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Estrus
Konrad Lorenz
Instinctual drift (example)
26. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Dominant and recessive gene
Mimicry
Supernormal sign stimulus
behavioral isolation
27. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
behavioral isolation
Communication of bees
isolation by season
Walter Cannon
28. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Stickleback fish
Genes
29. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Inbreeding
Flower selection of bees
geographic isolation
Waggle dance
30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Fitness
Navigation of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sexual dimorphism
31. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Waggle dance
Cross fostering experiments
Stickleback fish
Sexual selection
32. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Navigation of animals
Fight or flight
Sensitive or critical periods
33. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Herring gull chicks
Zygote
phenotypic expression
34. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Imprinting
Waggle dance
Interaction between instinct and learning
35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Harry Harlow
Hierarchy of bees
Konrad Lorenz
36. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Inbreeding
genotype
Hierarchy of bees
37. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Cross fostering experiments
Altruism
phenotypic expression
genotype
38. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Fight or flight
Pheromones
Eric Kandel
genotype
39. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Natural selection
Eric Kandel
Hierarchy of bees
Inbreeding
40. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Genetic drift
Releasing stimuli
Imprinting
Echolocation
41. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Star compass
42. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Walter Cannon
Infrasound
Interaction between instinct and learning
Imprinting
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
Atmospheric pressure
geographic isolation
44. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
behavioral isolation
geographic isolation
Stickleback fish
Fixed action patterns (example)
45. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Gamete
Instrumental learning
Navigation of animals
Dominant and recessive gene
46. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Fight or flight
Round dance
Dominant and recessive gene
47. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Imprinting
Altruism
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
48. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Dominant and recessive gene
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sexual selection
Estrus
49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Polarized light
Pheromones
Altruism
Releasing stimuli
50. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
behavioral isolation
Fixed action patterns (example)
Sensitive or critical periods
Infrasound