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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
:
gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Genetic drift
Sun compass
Supernormal sign stimulus
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
2. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Phenotype
Inbreeding
Biological clocks
Releasing stimuli
3. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Hierarchy of bees
Sexual selection
homeostasis
4. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Interaction between instinct and learning
Eric Kandel
Phenotype
Fixed action patterns (example)
5. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Polarized light
Atmospheric pressure
Hierarchy of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
6. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Genetic drift
Pheromones
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Phenotype
Alleles
Polarized light
Charles Darwin
8. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Phenotype
Natural selection
Waggle dance
Navigation of animals
9. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
Communication of bees
Mimicry
10. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Sun compass
Ethology
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Zygote
11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Natural selection
Animal aggression
12. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Round dance
Karl von Frisch
Pheromones
Altruism
13. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Navigation of animals
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Gamete
Walter Cannon
14. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Ethology
Alleles
Supernormal sign stimulus
Navigation cues
15. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Pheromones
Comparative psychology
Altruism
16. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Edward Thorndike
Fixed action patterns (example)
Animal aggression
Flower selection of bees
17. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Walter Cannon
Star compass
Navigation of bees
18. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
Releasing stimuli
Echolocation
19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Animal aggression
Altruism
Instrumental learning
behavioral isolation
20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Imprinting
Altruism
Navigation of animals
21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Stickleback fish
Comparative psychology
Magnetic sense
Hierarchy of bees
22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
genotype
Waggle dance
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instinctual/innate behaviours
23. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Waggle dance
Instinctual drift (example)
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Dominant and recessive gene
24. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Atmospheric pressure
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Animal aggression
25. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Edward Thorndike
Interaction between instinct and learning
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Navigation of bees
26. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Sun compass
Natural selection
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
27. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Fight or flight
Biological clocks
28. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Charles Darwin
Phenotype
Mating of bees
Konrad Lorenz
29. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Natural selection
R. C. Tyron
Konrad Lorenz
Hierarchy of bees
30. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Harry Harlow
Fight or flight
Altruism
31. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Cross fostering experiments
Sun compass
Hierarchy of bees
Star compass
32. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
mechanical isolation
Instrumental learning
R. C. Tyron
genotype
33. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Natural selection
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
genotype
34. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Alleles
isolation by season
Charles Darwin
Eric Kandel
35. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Ethology
Pheromones
Genes
36. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
Atmospheric pressure
R. C. Tyron
Releasing stimuli
37. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Cross fostering experiments
Infrasound
Magnetic sense
Nikolaas Tinbergen
38. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Interaction between instinct and learning
Selective breeding
phenotypic expression
Instinctual drift (example)
39. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Sensitive or critical periods
Flower selection of bees
Estrus
Dominant and recessive gene
40. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Sensitive or critical periods
Hearing of owls
Dominant and recessive gene
41. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Gamete
Altruism
Atmospheric pressure
Hearing of owls
42. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Communication of bees
Instrumental learning
Natural selection
43. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Atmospheric pressure
R. C. Tyron
Charles Darwin
Genes
44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Comparative psychology
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Circadian rhythms
isolation by season
45. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Navigation of animals
Genetic drift
46. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Mimicry
Dominant and recessive gene
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
47. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Flower selection of bees
Harry Harlow
Dominant and recessive gene
Genetic drift
48. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Natural selection
Sexual dimorphism
Estrus
49. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Altruism
Genetic drift
Sensitive or critical periods
Fitness
50. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Round dance
Fixed action patterns (example)
Estrus
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