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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






2. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






3. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






4. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






5. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






6. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






7. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






8. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






9. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






10. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






11. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






12. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






13. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






14. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






15. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






16. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






17. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






18. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






19. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






20. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






21. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






22. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






23. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






24. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






25. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






27. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






28. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






29. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






30. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






31. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






32. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






33. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






34. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






35. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






36. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






37. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






38. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






40. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






42. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






43. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






44. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






45. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






46. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






47. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






48. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






49. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






50. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not