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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






2. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






3. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






7. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






8. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






11. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






12. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






13. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






14. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






15. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






16. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






17. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






18. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






19. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






20. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






21. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






22. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






23. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






24. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






25. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






29. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






30. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






31. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






34. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






35. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






36. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






37. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






38. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






39. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






40. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






41. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






43. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






44. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






45. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






47. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






49. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






50. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue