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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






2. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






4. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






5. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






6. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






7. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






8. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






9. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






13. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






14. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






17. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






18. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






21. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






22. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






23. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






26. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






27. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






29. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






30. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






32. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






33. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






34. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






35. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






36. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






37. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






39. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






40. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






41. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






42. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






43. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






45. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






46. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






48. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






50. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness