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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






2. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






4. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






5. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






6. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






7. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






9. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






11. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






13. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






14. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






17. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






18. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






22. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






23. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






25. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






27. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






29. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






30. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






31. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






32. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






33. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






34. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






35. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






36. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






37. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






38. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






39. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






40. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






41. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






42. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






44. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






45. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






46. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






47. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






48. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






50. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation