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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






2. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






3. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






5. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






6. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






7. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






8. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






9. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






10. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






11. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






13. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






14. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






15. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






16. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






18. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






19. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






20. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






21. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






22. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






23. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






25. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






26. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






27. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






29. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






31. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






32. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






34. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






35. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






36. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






37. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






38. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






39. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






40. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






41. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






42. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






43. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






44. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






45. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






47. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






48. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






49. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






50. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue