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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






3. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






5. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






6. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






7. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






8. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






9. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






10. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






11. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






13. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






14. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






16. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






17. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






18. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






19. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






20. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






21. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






22. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






23. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






24. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






25. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






26. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






27. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






28. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






29. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






30. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






31. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






32. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






33. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






34. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






35. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






37. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






38. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






39. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






40. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






41. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






42. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






43. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






44. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






45. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






46. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






47. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)