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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






2. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






3. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






5. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






6. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






7. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






8. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






10. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






11. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






12. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






13. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






14. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






15. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






17. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






18. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






19. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






22. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






23. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






25. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






27. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






28. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






29. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






32. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






33. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






35. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






36. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






37. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






38. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






39. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






41. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






43. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






44. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






45. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






47. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






48. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






49. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






50. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial