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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Instinctual drift (example)
isolation by season
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
2. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Cross fostering experiments
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sexual selection
3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instrumental learning
Magnetic sense
Sexual dimorphism
4. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Dominant and recessive gene
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Interaction between instinct and learning
phenotypic expression
5. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Stickleback fish
Echolocation
Releasing stimuli
6. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Wolfgang Kohler
Instrumental learning
Polarized light
Communication of bees
7. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Harry Harlow
Hearing of owls
Fight or flight
behavioral isolation
8. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Waggle dance
Wolfgang Kohler
Echolocation
Phenotype
9. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Comparative psychology
Circadian rhythms
Waggle dance
10. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
Cross fostering experiments
Walter Cannon
11. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Genetic drift
Sexual dimorphism
Fitness
Sensitive or critical periods
12. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Mimicry
Inbreeding
Courting
Stickleback fish
13. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Flower selection of bees
Edward Thorndike
Walter Cannon
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Courting
Genetic drift
mechanical isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
15. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Echolocation
Ethology
Waggle dance
Phenotype
16. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Wolfgang Kohler
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
geographic isolation
Animal aggression
17. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
geographic isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Circadian rhythms
Natural selection
18. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Fitness
Selective breeding
Sun compass
Round dance
19. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Releasing stimuli
Echolocation
20. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Genetic drift
Navigation of animals
21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
Sun compass
behavioral isolation
Edward Thorndike
22. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Karl von Frisch
Courting
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Konrad Lorenz
23. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Wolfgang Kohler
Atmospheric pressure
Inclusive fitness
24. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Konrad Lorenz
isolation by season
R. C. Tyron
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
25. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sun compass
behavioral isolation
genotype
26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Mimicry
Magnetic sense
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
27. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
Interaction between instinct and learning
Hearing of owls
28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Instinctual drift (example)
Imprinting
R. C. Tyron
29. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Polarized light
Eric Kandel
Walter Cannon
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
30. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Mimicry
Sun compass
Hierarchy of bees
homeostasis
31. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Comparative psychology
Navigation of bees
Infrasound
32. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Biological clocks
Walter Cannon
Comparative psychology
33. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Edward Thorndike
Wolfgang Kohler
Navigation of bees
Courting
34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
Navigation cues
Sexual selection
35. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Biological clocks
Imprinting
Sexual dimorphism
36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Natural selection
Star compass
37. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Cross fostering experiments
Selective breeding
Mimicry
Courting
38. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
geographic isolation
Round dance
Fixed action patterns (example)
Fitness
39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Fight or flight
Karl von Frisch
Navigation cues
Mimicry
40. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Hearing of owls
Gamete
homeostasis
Stickleback fish
41. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
genotype
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Animal aggression
42. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Ethology
Zygote
Alleles
43. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
phenotypic expression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Imprinting
Dominant and recessive gene
44. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Estrus
Mimicry
Inbreeding
45. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
R. C. Tyron
Magnetic sense
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual selection
46. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Cross fostering experiments
Charles Darwin
Sun compass
Communication of bees
47. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
behavioral isolation
Natural selection
Alleles
Herring gull chicks
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Altruism
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Herring gull chicks
49. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Sexual selection
Echolocation
phenotypic expression
Cross fostering experiments
50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
genotype
Gamete
geographic isolation
Instrumental learning