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Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






2. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






3. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






4. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






5. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






8. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






10. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






11. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






13. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






14. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






17. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






18. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






19. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






20. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






21. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






22. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






23. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






24. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






25. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






26. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






29. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






31. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






33. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






35. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






36. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






37. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






38. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






39. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






40. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






41. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






42. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






43. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






44. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






45. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






46. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






47. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






48. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






49. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






50. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






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