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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






2. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






3. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






4. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






5. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






7. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






8. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






9. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






10. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






11. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






12. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






13. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






15. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






16. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






17. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






19. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






21. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






22. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






24. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






25. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






26. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






27. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






28. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






29. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






30. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






32. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






34. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






35. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






36. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






37. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






38. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






39. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






40. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






42. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






43. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






46. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






47. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






48. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






50. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural