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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






2. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






3. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






4. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






5. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






7. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






8. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






9. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






10. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






11. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






12. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






13. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






14. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






15. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






16. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






17. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






19. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






20. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






21. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






22. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






23. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






24. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






25. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






26. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






27. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






28. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






29. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






30. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






31. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






32. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






33. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






34. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






35. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






36. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






37. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






38. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






39. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






40. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






41. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






43. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






44. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






45. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






46. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






47. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






50. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment