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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






2. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






4. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






5. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






6. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






7. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






8. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






11. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






12. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






14. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






15. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






16. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






18. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






19. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






20. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






21. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






23. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






24. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






25. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






26. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






30. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






31. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






32. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






33. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






35. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






36. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






37. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






39. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






40. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






42. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






44. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






45. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






47. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






48. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid