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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






2. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






3. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






4. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






5. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






6. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






8. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






9. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






10. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






11. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






12. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






13. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






14. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






15. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






17. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






18. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






22. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






23. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






24. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






26. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






27. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






28. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






29. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






30. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






31. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






32. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






33. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






34. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






36. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






37. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






38. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






39. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






40. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






41. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






42. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






43. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






48. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned