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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






2. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






4. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






5. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






8. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






10. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






11. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






12. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






13. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






14. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






16. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






17. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






18. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






21. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






22. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






23. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






24. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






25. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






26. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






27. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






28. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






29. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






30. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






31. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






32. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






33. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






34. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






35. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






36. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






37. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






38. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






39. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






42. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






43. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






44. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






45. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






46. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






47. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






48. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






49. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






50. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)