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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






2. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






3. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






4. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






5. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






6. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






7. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






8. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






10. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






11. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






12. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






13. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






14. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






15. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






16. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






18. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






19. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






20. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






21. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






23. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






24. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






25. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






26. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






27. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






28. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






31. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






33. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






35. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






36. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






37. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






38. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






39. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






40. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






41. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






43. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






44. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






45. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






46. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






47. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






48. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)