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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






2. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






3. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






6. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






7. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






8. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






9. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






10. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






11. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






13. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






14. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






15. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






16. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






18. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






19. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






20. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






21. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






22. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






23. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






24. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






25. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






26. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






27. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






28. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






29. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






32. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






33. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






34. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






35. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






36. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






37. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






38. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






39. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






40. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






41. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






42. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






43. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






44. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






45. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






46. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






47. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






48. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






49. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






50. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis