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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






3. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






4. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






5. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






6. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






7. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






9. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






10. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






11. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






12. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






13. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






14. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






15. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






16. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






17. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






18. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






19. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






20. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






21. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






22. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






23. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






24. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






25. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






26. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






27. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






28. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






29. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






30. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






31. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






32. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






34. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






35. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






36. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






37. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






38. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






39. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






40. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






42. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






44. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






45. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






47. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






48. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes