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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






2. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






3. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






4. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






5. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






7. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






8. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






9. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






10. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






11. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






12. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






13. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






14. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






17. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






18. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






19. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






22. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






23. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






24. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






25. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






26. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






27. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






28. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






29. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






30. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






31. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






32. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






33. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






34. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






35. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






36. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






37. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






38. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






39. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






40. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






41. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






43. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






44. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






45. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






46. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






47. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






48. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






50. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season