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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Instrumental learning
Atmospheric pressure
Navigation of bees
Inclusive fitness
2. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
behavioral isolation
Imprinting
Fixed action patterns (example)
Konrad Lorenz
3. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Courting
Fixed action patterns (example)
Navigation of bees
Atmospheric pressure
4. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Karl von Frisch
Echolocation
Harry Harlow
Infrasound
5. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Navigation cues
genotype
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
6. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Edward Thorndike
Supernormal sign stimulus
Selective breeding
7. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Alleles
R. C. Tyron
Genetic drift
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
8. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Natural selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Supernormal sign stimulus
genotype
9. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Altruism
Supernormal sign stimulus
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
10. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Circadian rhythms
Karl von Frisch
Echolocation
11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Genes
Selective breeding
Charles Darwin
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Altruism
Stickleback fish
homeostasis
Edward Thorndike
13. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Zygote
isolation by season
Communication of bees
Waggle dance
14. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Releasing stimuli
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Interaction between instinct and learning
Sun compass
15. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Round dance
Polarized light
Star compass
Communication of bees
16. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Hierarchy of bees
Alleles
Star compass
17. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Ethology
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Sensitive or critical periods
Dominant and recessive gene
Interaction between instinct and learning
Waggle dance
19. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Circadian rhythms
Magnetic sense
mechanical isolation
Herring gull chicks
20. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Eric Kandel
Karl von Frisch
Inclusive fitness
genotype
21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Echolocation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Magnetic sense
22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Genes
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Zygote
23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Flower selection of bees
Inclusive fitness
behavioral isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
behavioral isolation
Sexual dimorphism
genotype
25. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Genes
Konrad Lorenz
Infrasound
Stickleback fish
26. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Phenotype
Waggle dance
Flower selection of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
27. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Navigation cues
Releasing stimuli
Fitness
28. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Phenotype
Hearing of owls
Star compass
Altruism
29. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Dominant and recessive gene
Inbreeding
Genetic drift
30. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Fixed action patterns (example)
geographic isolation
Genetic drift
31. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Hearing of owls
genotype
homeostasis
Mating of bees
32. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Fixed action patterns (example)
Atmospheric pressure
Imprinting
33. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
Releasing stimuli
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Nikolaas Tinbergen
34. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Estrus
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Zygote
Animal aggression
Mating of bees
Herring gull chicks
36. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Charles Darwin
geographic isolation
Navigation cues
Nikolaas Tinbergen
37. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Konrad Lorenz
Mimicry
Releasing stimuli
Fitness
38. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Stickleback fish
Infrasound
Interaction between instinct and learning
Gamete
39. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Stickleback fish
homeostasis
Sun compass
Instrumental learning
40. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Navigation of animals
Mating of bees
Comparative psychology
Pheromones
41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Alleles
Waggle dance
Circadian rhythms
Hierarchy of bees
42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sexual dimorphism
Releasing stimuli
Navigation of bees
43. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Fixed action patterns (example)
Estrus
mechanical isolation
R. C. Tyron
44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Imprinting
Karl von Frisch
Instrumental learning
isolation by season
45. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Genetic drift
Fitness
Instinctual drift (example)
Polarized light
46. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Sexual dimorphism
Star compass
Charles Darwin
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
47. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Echolocation
Herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
Karl von Frisch
48. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Zygote
Imprinting
Karl von Frisch
49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Releasing stimuli
Navigation of bees
Infrasound
Nikolaas Tinbergen
50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Sensitive or critical periods
Animal aggression
geographic isolation
Gamete