SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Walter Cannon
Round dance
Magnetic sense
Konrad Lorenz
2. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
phenotypic expression
Herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
Interaction between instinct and learning
3. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Mimicry
Genetic drift
geographic isolation
Star compass
4. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Cross fostering experiments
Selective breeding
isolation by season
5. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Gamete
Circadian rhythms
Flower selection of bees
Navigation cues
6. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Ethology
Harry Harlow
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
7. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Genetic drift
Pheromones
Imprinting
Estrus
8. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Interaction between instinct and learning
Selective breeding
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Gamete
9. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Animal aggression
Cross fostering experiments
Magnetic sense
10. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Cross fostering experiments
Infrasound
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
11. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Ethology
Echolocation
mechanical isolation
Genes
12. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Stickleback fish
behavioral isolation
Navigation of animals
Wolfgang Kohler
13. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Wolfgang Kohler
Altruism
Ethology
Stickleback fish
14. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Charles Darwin
geographic isolation
Eric Kandel
Instinctual drift (example)
15. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
R. C. Tyron
Zygote
Round dance
16. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
homeostasis
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Natural selection
Edward Thorndike
isolation by season
mechanical isolation
18. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Round dance
Gamete
Mimicry
Navigation cues
19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
Pheromones
20. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Zygote
Fitness
Herring gull chicks
Atmospheric pressure
21. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Supernormal sign stimulus
Sun compass
Inclusive fitness
Eric Kandel
22. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Harry Harlow
Navigation of bees
geographic isolation
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
23. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Comparative psychology
Mating of bees
Zygote
Imprinting
24. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Communication of bees
Herring gull chicks
Navigation of animals
Konrad Lorenz
25. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Karl von Frisch
Gamete
Waggle dance
26. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Communication of bees
Navigation of bees
genotype
isolation by season
27. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Animal aggression
Round dance
28. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Navigation of animals
isolation by season
Supernormal sign stimulus
Wolfgang Kohler
29. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Sun compass
Alleles
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
30. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Echolocation
Courting
Mimicry
Communication of bees
31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Releasing stimuli
Round dance
Edward Thorndike
Stickleback fish
32. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Flower selection of bees
Comparative psychology
Dominant and recessive gene
33. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Animal aggression
Edward Thorndike
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Communication of bees
34. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Sexual dimorphism
Phenotype
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Comparative psychology
35. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Flower selection of bees
Echolocation
Sun compass
Navigation cues
36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Interaction between instinct and learning
Star compass
Fight or flight
Inclusive fitness
37. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Sensitive or critical periods
Gamete
Genetic drift
38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Ethology
Cross fostering experiments
Hearing of owls
Konrad Lorenz
39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Sexual selection
Konrad Lorenz
Infrasound
Star compass
40. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Stickleback fish
Altruism
Star compass
Nikolaas Tinbergen
41. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Phenotype
Supernormal sign stimulus
Inbreeding
Instrumental learning
42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Herring gull chicks
Fight or flight
Sexual selection
43. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Round dance
Genetic drift
isolation by season
Instinctual/innate behaviours
44. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Fixed action patterns (example)
Instinctual drift (example)
45. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Instrumental learning
Atmospheric pressure
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
homeostasis
46. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Ethology
Mating of bees
Fight or flight
Sensitive or critical periods
47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Mimicry
Alleles
Sensitive or critical periods
48. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
Magnetic sense
Natural selection
49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Natural selection
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Walter Cannon
50. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Stickleback fish
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Imprinting