Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






2. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






3. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






4. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






5. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






6. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






9. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






10. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






11. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






12. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






13. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






14. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






17. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






19. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






21. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






22. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






23. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






24. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






25. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






26. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






27. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






28. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






29. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






30. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






31. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






32. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






33. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






34. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






35. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






38. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






39. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






40. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






41. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






42. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






43. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






44. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






45. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






46. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






49. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






50. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue