Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






2. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






3. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






4. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






5. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






6. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






7. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






8. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






9. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






13. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






15. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






16. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






17. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






18. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






19. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






20. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






21. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






22. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






23. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






25. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






26. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






27. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






28. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






30. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






31. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






34. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






36. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






37. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






38. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






40. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






41. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






42. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






43. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






44. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






45. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






46. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






47. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






48. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






49. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic