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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






2. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






3. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






4. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






5. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






6. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






7. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






9. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






10. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






11. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






12. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






14. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






15. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






16. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






17. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






18. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






19. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






20. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






21. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






22. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






23. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






24. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






25. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






26. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






27. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






28. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






29. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






30. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






32. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






33. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






34. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






35. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






36. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






37. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






38. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






39. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






40. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






41. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






43. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






44. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






45. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






46. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






47. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






48. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






50. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes