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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
genotype
Echolocation
Gamete
Waggle dance
2. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
mechanical isolation
Infrasound
Ethology
3. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Circadian rhythms
Mating of bees
Animal aggression
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
4. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Sensitive or critical periods
Zygote
Herring gull chicks
Magnetic sense
5. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Instrumental learning
genotype
Star compass
6. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Navigation of bees
Courting
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
7. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Phenotype
8. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Courting
Gamete
geographic isolation
9. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Mimicry
Alleles
Eric Kandel
Sensitive or critical periods
10. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
phenotypic expression
Alleles
Phenotype
11. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Walter Cannon
phenotypic expression
Courting
Instinctual/innate behaviours
12. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
mechanical isolation
Star compass
Estrus
Biological clocks
13. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Phenotype
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Polarized light
14. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Zygote
Fight or flight
Star compass
15. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Flower selection of bees
Genetic drift
Natural selection
16. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Pheromones
Mimicry
17. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Natural selection
Eric Kandel
Dominant and recessive gene
18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Navigation of bees
Sexual selection
Dominant and recessive gene
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Altruism
Biological clocks
geographic isolation
behavioral isolation
20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Cross fostering experiments
isolation by season
Wolfgang Kohler
21. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Harry Harlow
Fight or flight
Magnetic sense
Hierarchy of bees
22. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Magnetic sense
Sensitive or critical periods
Charles Darwin
Courting
23. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Sensitive or critical periods
Selective breeding
Fixed action patterns (example)
24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Round dance
Herring gull chicks
Star compass
Harry Harlow
25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
homeostasis
Dominant and recessive gene
Comparative psychology
Hearing of owls
26. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Round dance
Cross fostering experiments
Altruism
Genetic drift
27. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
genotype
Dominant and recessive gene
Magnetic sense
Edward Thorndike
28. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
homeostasis
Round dance
Sensitive or critical periods
Instinctual/innate behaviours
29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Gamete
isolation by season
Magnetic sense
Walter Cannon
30. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Harry Harlow
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual drift (example)
31. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Courting
Walter Cannon
Hierarchy of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Imprinting
Interaction between instinct and learning
Navigation of animals
33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Magnetic sense
behavioral isolation
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
geographic isolation
34. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Waggle dance
Communication of bees
35. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Selective breeding
Interaction between instinct and learning
Wolfgang Kohler
Fixed action patterns (example)
36. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Biological clocks
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
isolation by season
Estrus
37. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Alleles
Navigation cues
Round dance
Fight or flight
38. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sun compass
Pheromones
39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Dominant and recessive gene
Walter Cannon
Sexual dimorphism
Natural selection
40. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Phenotype
isolation by season
Supernormal sign stimulus
Releasing stimuli
41. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Navigation of bees
Genetic drift
Charles Darwin
42. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
homeostasis
Mimicry
Animal aggression
Echolocation
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
geographic isolation
mechanical isolation
Circadian rhythms
Atmospheric pressure
44. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Instinctual drift (example)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Charles Darwin
Instrumental learning
45. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Herring gull chicks
Fixed action patterns (example)
Harry Harlow
46. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Flower selection of bees
Herring gull chicks
Mimicry
Dominant and recessive gene
47. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Sun compass
Waggle dance
Supernormal sign stimulus
Nikolaas Tinbergen
48. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Magnetic sense
phenotypic expression
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
49. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
genotype
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Waggle dance
50. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Walter Cannon
Alleles
Mating of bees