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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






2. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






3. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






4. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






7. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






8. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






9. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






10. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






11. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






13. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






14. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






15. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






17. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






19. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






20. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






22. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






23. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






24. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






25. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






26. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






28. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






29. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






30. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






32. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






34. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






35. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






36. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






38. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






40. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






41. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






42. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






45. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






46. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






47. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






48. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






49. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






50. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like