Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






2. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






3. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






5. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






6. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






7. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






8. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






9. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






11. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






12. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






13. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






14. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






15. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






16. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






17. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






19. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






20. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






21. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






22. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






23. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






25. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






26. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






27. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






29. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






31. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






32. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






33. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






35. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






36. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






37. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






38. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






39. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






40. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






41. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






43. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






44. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






45. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






46. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






50. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)