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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






2. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






3. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






4. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






6. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






7. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






8. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






9. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






10. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






11. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






12. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






14. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






15. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






16. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






17. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






18. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






19. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






21. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






22. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






23. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






24. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






25. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






26. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






27. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






29. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






30. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






31. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






32. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






33. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






34. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






35. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






36. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






37. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






38. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






39. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






40. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






42. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






43. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






44. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






45. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






46. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






47. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






48. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






49. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






50. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)