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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






3. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






4. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






5. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






6. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






7. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






8. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






9. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






11. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






12. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






13. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






14. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






15. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






16. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






17. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






18. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






19. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






20. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






21. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






22. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






24. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






25. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






26. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






27. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






28. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






29. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






30. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






33. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






34. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






35. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






36. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






37. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






38. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






39. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






40. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






41. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






42. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






45. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






46. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






47. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






48. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






49. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






50. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)