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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






2. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






3. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






4. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






5. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






6. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






7. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






8. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






10. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






11. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






12. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






13. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






14. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






15. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






16. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






18. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






19. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






20. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






21. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






23. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






24. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






25. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






27. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






28. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






29. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






30. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






31. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






32. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






33. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






34. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






35. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






36. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






37. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






38. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






39. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






40. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






42. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






43. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






44. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






45. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






46. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






47. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






48. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






49. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






50. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models