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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R. C. Tyron
Supernormal sign stimulus
2. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Instrumental learning
homeostasis
Estrus
Edward Thorndike
3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Fixed action patterns (example)
Walter Cannon
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
geographic isolation
4. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Supernormal sign stimulus
Herring gull chicks
Flower selection of bees
Instrumental learning
5. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Genes
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
6. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Sexual selection
Fitness
Hierarchy of bees
Altruism
7. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
behavioral isolation
Dominant and recessive gene
Hearing of owls
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Eric Kandel
isolation by season
genotype
Waggle dance
9. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Star compass
Eric Kandel
mechanical isolation
10. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sexual dimorphism
Magnetic sense
Biological clocks
11. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Infrasound
R. C. Tyron
Alleles
12. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Pheromones
behavioral isolation
Navigation of bees
13. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Mating of bees
Charles Darwin
Round dance
14. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Hearing of owls
behavioral isolation
Walter Cannon
Infrasound
15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Infrasound
Inbreeding
Inclusive fitness
Stickleback fish
16. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Karl von Frisch
Fixed action patterns (example)
Star compass
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
17. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Charles Darwin
Fitness
Zygote
Fight or flight
18. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Genes
Herring gull chicks
Cross fostering experiments
19. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Estrus
Navigation of animals
isolation by season
Mating of bees
20. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R. C. Tyron
Zygote
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Waggle dance
21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Sexual selection
Dominant and recessive gene
Inclusive fitness
R. C. Tyron
22. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Pheromones
Cross fostering experiments
mechanical isolation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
23. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
Echolocation
Fight or flight
Instinctual drift (example)
24. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Supernormal sign stimulus
R. C. Tyron
Genetic drift
Animal aggression
25. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Round dance
Circadian rhythms
Konrad Lorenz
26. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Sexual dimorphism
Fight or flight
Navigation cues
Karl von Frisch
27. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Navigation cues
Altruism
Mating of bees
Comparative psychology
28. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Alleles
Harry Harlow
Phenotype
Genes
29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
R. C. Tyron
Selective breeding
Waggle dance
Ethology
30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Courting
Echolocation
Supernormal sign stimulus
Ethology
31. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
isolation by season
Hierarchy of bees
Infrasound
Gamete
32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Phenotype
Konrad Lorenz
Walter Cannon
Alleles
33. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Eric Kandel
Pheromones
homeostasis
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
34. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
Natural selection
homeostasis
Star compass
35. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Navigation of animals
Star compass
Ethology
36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Echolocation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
37. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Star compass
Inbreeding
Releasing stimuli
Magnetic sense
38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Mating of bees
behavioral isolation
Pheromones
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
39. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
mechanical isolation
Instrumental learning
Fixed action patterns (example)
Hearing of owls
40. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Polarized light
Magnetic sense
Echolocation
41. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Fight or flight
Charles Darwin
Selective breeding
42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Comparative psychology
R. C. Tyron
Sexual selection
43. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sun compass
R. C. Tyron
Circadian rhythms
44. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Circadian rhythms
Atmospheric pressure
Dominant and recessive gene
genotype
45. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Instinctual drift (example)
Herring gull chicks
Polarized light
Infrasound
46. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
Sensitive or critical periods
Magnetic sense
Inclusive fitness
47. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Herring gull chicks
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
Nikolaas Tinbergen
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Pheromones
Navigation of animals
Altruism
49. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Wolfgang Kohler
homeostasis
50. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Natural selection
Biological clocks
Star compass
Mating of bees