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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






2. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






3. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






4. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






5. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






6. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






7. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






8. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






9. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






10. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






11. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






12. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






14. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






15. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






17. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






18. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






19. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






21. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






22. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






23. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






25. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






26. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






27. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






28. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






30. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






31. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






32. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






33. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






34. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






35. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






36. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






37. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






38. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






39. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






40. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






41. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






43. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






44. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






45. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






46. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






47. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






49. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






50. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time