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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Sexual dimorphism
Hierarchy of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
2. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Star compass
Comparative psychology
Flower selection of bees
Hierarchy of bees
3. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
behavioral isolation
Fitness
Circadian rhythms
Communication of bees
4. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
Round dance
5. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Supernormal sign stimulus
Walter Cannon
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Mating of bees
6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Comparative psychology
Phenotype
Fight or flight
Mating of bees
7. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Star compass
Animal aggression
Imprinting
Mating of bees
8. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Fixed action patterns (example)
Flower selection of bees
Natural selection
9. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
genotype
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Selective breeding
Instinctual/innate behaviours
10. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Gamete
Flower selection of bees
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
11. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Navigation of bees
genotype
Phenotype
Instinctual/innate behaviours
12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
geographic isolation
Wolfgang Kohler
13. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Waggle dance
Star compass
Inbreeding
Alleles
14. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Harry Harlow
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Instrumental learning
Mating of bees
15. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Communication of bees
Sun compass
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
16. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
mechanical isolation
Hearing of owls
Supernormal sign stimulus
Herring gull chicks
17. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
homeostasis
Hearing of owls
Imprinting
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
18. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Supernormal sign stimulus
Mimicry
Inclusive fitness
19. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Polarized light
phenotypic expression
Sexual dimorphism
Harry Harlow
20. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Ethology
Sexual dimorphism
21. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Selective breeding
Charles Darwin
Echolocation
Phenotype
22. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Pheromones
Walter Cannon
Imprinting
Charles Darwin
23. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Wolfgang Kohler
Herring gull chicks
Animal aggression
24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Edward Thorndike
Courting
Round dance
Charles Darwin
25. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Comparative psychology
Sensitive or critical periods
Selective breeding
phenotypic expression
26. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Courting
Imprinting
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
mechanical isolation
Echolocation
28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Estrus
Mimicry
Gamete
Flower selection of bees
29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Karl von Frisch
isolation by season
Natural selection
Gamete
30. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Navigation of animals
Genes
Releasing stimuli
Wolfgang Kohler
31. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
isolation by season
homeostasis
R. C. Tyron
32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Navigation cues
Charles Darwin
Imprinting
33. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Selective breeding
Navigation of bees
Sun compass
Sexual dimorphism
34. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Altruism
Navigation cues
Sexual selection
Hearing of owls
35. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
isolation by season
Genetic drift
Infrasound
Instinctual/innate behaviours
36. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Wolfgang Kohler
Inbreeding
Phenotype
Polarized light
37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Sexual dimorphism
Selective breeding
Genetic drift
38. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Edward Thorndike
Ethology
behavioral isolation
homeostasis
39. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Imprinting
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
genotype
Inclusive fitness
40. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Phenotype
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Magnetic sense
Zygote
41. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Navigation of animals
Round dance
Instrumental learning
Mimicry
42. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
homeostasis
Genetic drift
Inbreeding
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
43. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Sexual selection
Konrad Lorenz
Dominant and recessive gene
Imprinting
44. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Instinctual drift (example)
Charles Darwin
Sensitive or critical periods
homeostasis
45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Comparative psychology
genotype
homeostasis
46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Genes
Echolocation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Ethology
47. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Stickleback fish
Round dance
Walter Cannon
48. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Imprinting
homeostasis
Courting
Sexual selection
49. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
mechanical isolation
Konrad Lorenz
Supernormal sign stimulus
50. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Estrus
Fitness
Harry Harlow
Inclusive fitness