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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






2. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






3. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






4. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






5. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






6. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






8. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






9. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






12. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






13. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






14. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






15. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






17. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






18. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






20. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






21. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






22. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






23. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






24. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






25. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






26. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






27. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






30. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






31. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






32. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






33. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






35. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






36. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






38. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






39. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






40. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






41. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






43. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






44. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






45. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






46. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






48. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






49. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






50. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light