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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






2. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






4. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






5. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






6. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






7. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






8. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






9. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






10. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






11. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






12. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






13. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






15. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






16. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






17. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






18. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






19. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






20. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






21. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






23. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






26. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






27. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






29. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






30. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






32. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






33. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






34. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






35. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






36. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






37. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






38. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






40. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






41. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






43. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






44. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






46. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






47. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






49. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing