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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






2. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






5. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






6. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






7. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






9. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






10. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






11. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






12. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






13. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






14. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






15. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






16. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






17. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






18. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






19. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






20. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






21. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






22. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






25. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






26. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






27. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






28. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






29. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






30. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






31. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






32. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






33. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






34. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






35. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






36. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






37. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






38. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






39. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






40. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






41. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






42. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






43. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






46. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






47. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






48. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






49. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






50. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns