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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






2. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






3. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






4. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






6. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






7. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






9. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






11. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






13. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






14. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






17. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






19. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






20. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






21. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






22. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






23. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






24. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






25. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






26. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






27. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






30. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






32. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






33. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






34. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






36. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






37. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






38. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






39. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






40. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






41. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






43. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






46. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






48. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






49. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






50. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis