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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






2. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






3. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






4. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






5. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






8. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






10. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






12. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






13. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






14. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






15. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






16. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






17. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






18. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






19. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






21. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






22. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






23. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






25. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






26. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






27. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






28. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






29. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






30. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






31. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






32. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






33. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






34. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






35. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






36. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






38. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






39. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






40. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






41. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






42. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






43. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






44. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






45. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






46. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






48. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






49. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






50. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways