Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






2. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






3. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






4. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






6. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






7. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






8. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






9. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






10. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






11. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






13. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






15. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






16. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






17. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






18. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






19. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






20. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






23. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






24. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






25. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






26. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






27. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






30. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






31. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






32. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






34. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






35. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






36. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






37. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






38. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






39. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






40. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






41. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






42. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






44. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






45. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






46. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






47. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






48. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






49. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






50. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns