Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






3. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






4. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






5. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






6. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






7. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






8. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






9. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






10. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






13. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






14. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






15. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






16. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






17. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






19. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






20. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






22. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






25. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






26. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






27. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






28. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






29. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






30. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






32. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






33. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






34. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






35. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






36. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






38. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






39. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






41. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






42. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






43. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






44. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






45. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






46. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






47. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






48. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






49. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






50. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness