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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






2. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






3. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






4. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






5. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






6. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






8. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






9. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






10. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






11. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






12. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






13. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






14. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






18. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






19. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






20. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






21. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






22. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






23. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






24. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






25. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






26. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






27. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






28. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






29. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






30. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






31. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






32. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






33. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






34. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






35. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






36. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






37. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






38. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






40. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






41. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






42. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






43. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






44. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






46. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






47. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






48. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






49. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






50. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin