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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






2. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






3. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






4. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






5. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






6. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






8. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






9. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






10. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






11. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






13. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






14. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






15. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






16. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






17. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






18. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






19. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






20. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






21. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






22. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






25. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






26. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






30. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






32. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






33. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






34. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






35. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






36. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






37. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






38. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






39. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






40. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






41. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






42. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






43. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






44. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






45. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






47. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






48. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






49. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






50. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour