SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Cross fostering experiments
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
isolation by season
2. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Konrad Lorenz
Inbreeding
Courting
3. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Ethology
Zygote
Communication of bees
Navigation of bees
4. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Navigation of bees
Alleles
Hearing of owls
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
5. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Animal aggression
Echolocation
homeostasis
isolation by season
6. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
homeostasis
Magnetic sense
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Polarized light
Zygote
mechanical isolation
8. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Navigation cues
Konrad Lorenz
Altruism
9. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Zygote
Cross fostering experiments
Wolfgang Kohler
10. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Sexual dimorphism
Charles Darwin
Wolfgang Kohler
Karl von Frisch
11. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Atmospheric pressure
phenotypic expression
Genes
Supernormal sign stimulus
12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Sexual dimorphism
Biological clocks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation of bees
13. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Ethology
Sexual selection
Mimicry
Polarized light
14. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Harry Harlow
Magnetic sense
Infrasound
Releasing stimuli
15. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
mechanical isolation
Releasing stimuli
R. C. Tyron
Inbreeding
16. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Comparative psychology
Fitness
Star compass
17. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
geographic isolation
Harry Harlow
Herring gull chicks
Fight or flight
18. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Nikolaas Tinbergen
R. C. Tyron
Interaction between instinct and learning
Waggle dance
19. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Pheromones
Navigation of bees
Fight or flight
20. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Natural selection
Ethology
geographic isolation
phenotypic expression
21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
genotype
Supernormal sign stimulus
Instrumental learning
Waggle dance
22. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Eric Kandel
Inclusive fitness
geographic isolation
23. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
genotype
Pheromones
Star compass
Comparative psychology
24. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fitness
Fight or flight
genotype
Karl von Frisch
25. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Eric Kandel
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Atmospheric pressure
genotype
26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Sensitive or critical periods
Fitness
Charles Darwin
Animal aggression
27. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instrumental learning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Star compass
Eric Kandel
28. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Alleles
Estrus
Phenotype
29. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Walter Cannon
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Flower selection of bees
Sexual selection
30. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Releasing stimuli
Hearing of owls
Stickleback fish
Mimicry
31. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Fight or flight
Pheromones
Inbreeding
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
32. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Genetic drift
Dominant and recessive gene
Biological clocks
homeostasis
33. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Genes
Cross fostering experiments
Dominant and recessive gene
Inbreeding
34. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Sexual selection
Walter Cannon
Harry Harlow
Navigation of bees
35. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Star compass
Fixed action patterns (example)
Communication of bees
Alleles
36. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Navigation cues
Biological clocks
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Inclusive fitness
37. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Walter Cannon
Echolocation
Sexual selection
Konrad Lorenz
38. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Dominant and recessive gene
Estrus
genotype
Mimicry
39. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Fight or flight
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Inclusive fitness
Circadian rhythms
40. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Sexual selection
Comparative psychology
Instrumental learning
geographic isolation
41. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Herring gull chicks
Star compass
Instrumental learning
42. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Pheromones
Herring gull chicks
Mating of bees
Courting
43. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Walter Cannon
Navigation cues
Instinctual drift (example)
Circadian rhythms
44. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Cross fostering experiments
Natural selection
Star compass
Estrus
45. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Herring gull chicks
Fixed action patterns (example)
Waggle dance
Sexual dimorphism
46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Navigation cues
geographic isolation
Fixed action patterns (example)
Navigation of animals
47. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
genotype
Round dance
Herring gull chicks
48. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Navigation of animals
Imprinting
Altruism
Stickleback fish
49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Star compass
Releasing stimuli
Supernormal sign stimulus
Harry Harlow
50. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Mimicry
Communication of bees
Ethology
Konrad Lorenz