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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






2. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






5. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






6. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






7. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






8. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






11. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






14. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






15. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






16. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






17. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






18. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






19. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






20. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






21. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






22. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






23. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






24. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






25. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






27. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






28. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






29. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






30. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






32. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






33. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






34. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






35. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






36. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






37. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






38. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






40. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






41. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






42. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






43. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






44. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






45. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






47. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






49. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






50. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate