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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






2. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






3. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






4. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






5. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






6. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






7. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






8. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






11. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






12. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






13. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






14. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






15. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






17. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






18. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






19. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






20. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






21. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






22. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






23. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






24. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






25. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






26. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






27. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






28. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






29. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






31. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






32. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






33. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






34. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






35. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






37. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






40. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






42. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






43. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






44. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






45. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






46. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






47. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






48. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






49. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






50. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue