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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






3. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






4. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






5. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






6. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






7. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






8. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






9. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






10. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






11. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






12. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






13. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






14. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






15. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






16. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






17. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






18. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






19. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






22. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






23. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






24. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






25. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






26. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






27. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






28. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






30. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






33. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






34. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






35. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






36. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






37. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






40. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






41. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






42. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






43. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






46. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






47. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






48. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






49. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period