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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






3. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






7. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






8. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






10. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






11. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






12. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






16. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






17. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






19. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






20. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






25. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






26. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






27. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






29. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






31. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






32. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






33. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






34. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






35. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






36. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






37. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






38. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






39. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






41. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






42. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






43. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






44. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






45. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






46. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






47. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






48. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






50. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment