SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Dominant and recessive gene
Cross fostering experiments
Pheromones
Courting
2. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
mechanical isolation
Hearing of owls
Pheromones
3. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Courting
Natural selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Supernormal sign stimulus
4. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Edward Thorndike
isolation by season
Polarized light
Herring gull chicks
5. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Interaction between instinct and learning
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
phenotypic expression
6. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Polarized light
Mimicry
Stickleback fish
Eric Kandel
7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Navigation of animals
Alleles
Waggle dance
8. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
phenotypic expression
Hearing of owls
Estrus
Instrumental learning
9. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Atmospheric pressure
Round dance
Genetic drift
Eric Kandel
10. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Gamete
genotype
Sexual dimorphism
11. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Waggle dance
Inbreeding
mechanical isolation
Sexual selection
12. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Altruism
Zygote
geographic isolation
13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
homeostasis
Comparative psychology
isolation by season
Konrad Lorenz
14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Stickleback fish
Echolocation
Instrumental learning
Sexual selection
15. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Estrus
Karl von Frisch
Biological clocks
Harry Harlow
16. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Mimicry
Comparative psychology
Alleles
Estrus
17. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Instrumental learning
Navigation cues
Phenotype
Comparative psychology
18. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Sexual selection
Charles Darwin
Sun compass
mechanical isolation
19. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Genes
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Round dance
Nikolaas Tinbergen
20. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Zygote
Genes
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Inclusive fitness
21. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Biological clocks
Hearing of owls
Magnetic sense
Natural selection
22. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Infrasound
Alleles
Interaction between instinct and learning
23. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Wolfgang Kohler
genotype
Phenotype
24. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genetic drift
Charles Darwin
Imprinting
25. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Estrus
Fitness
Selective breeding
Zygote
26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
R. C. Tyron
Releasing stimuli
behavioral isolation
Animal aggression
27. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
Instrumental learning
28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Nikolaas Tinbergen
behavioral isolation
Natural selection
Fixed action patterns (example)
29. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Dominant and recessive gene
Fitness
mechanical isolation
30. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Polarized light
Stickleback fish
R. C. Tyron
31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Edward Thorndike
Cross fostering experiments
Supernormal sign stimulus
32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
genotype
Konrad Lorenz
Edward Thorndike
Selective breeding
33. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
Karl von Frisch
Star compass
34. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Interaction between instinct and learning
Natural selection
Hierarchy of bees
phenotypic expression
35. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
behavioral isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
Gamete
Natural selection
36. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Flower selection of bees
Estrus
Interaction between instinct and learning
Navigation cues
37. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Stickleback fish
genotype
38. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
geographic isolation
Alleles
Genes
Altruism
39. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
Navigation of animals
Star compass
40. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Zygote
Mimicry
Flower selection of bees
Pheromones
41. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Circadian rhythms
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
Pheromones
42. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Zygote
Alleles
Communication of bees
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Gamete
mechanical isolation
Walter Cannon
Zygote
44. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Courting
Round dance
Imprinting
45. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Round dance
Mating of bees
isolation by season
Instinctual drift (example)
46. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Mimicry
Gamete
Echolocation
47. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Inclusive fitness
Eric Kandel
Waggle dance
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
48. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
mechanical isolation
Cross fostering experiments
R. C. Tyron
Fitness
49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Polarized light
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Infrasound
50. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Charles Darwin
Pheromones
Natural selection
Zygote