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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






2. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






3. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






4. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






6. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






7. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






8. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






9. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






10. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






11. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






13. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






17. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






19. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






20. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






21. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






23. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






24. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






25. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






26. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






27. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






28. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






29. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






30. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






31. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






32. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






33. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






34. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






35. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






36. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






37. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






38. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






40. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






41. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






42. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






43. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






44. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






45. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






46. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






49. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






50. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat