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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






2. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






3. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






4. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






6. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






7. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






8. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






9. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






10. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






12. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






13. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






14. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






15. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






16. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






18. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






19. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






20. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






26. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






28. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






29. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






30. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






33. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






35. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






36. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






38. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






39. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






40. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






41. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






42. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






43. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






44. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






45. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






46. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






47. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






48. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






49. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






50. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin