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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






3. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






4. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






5. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






6. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






7. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






8. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






9. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






10. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






11. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






12. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






13. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






14. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






15. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






16. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






17. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






18. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






19. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






20. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






21. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






22. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






23. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






24. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






25. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






26. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






27. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






28. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






29. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






32. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






33. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






34. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






35. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






36. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






37. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






38. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






40. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






41. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






42. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






43. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






44. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






45. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






46. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






48. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






49. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






50. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness