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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






2. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






3. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






4. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






6. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






11. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






12. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






13. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






14. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






15. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






16. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






17. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






18. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






19. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






21. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






24. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






26. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






27. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






28. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






29. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






30. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






31. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






32. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






33. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






34. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






36. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






37. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






38. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






40. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






41. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






42. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






43. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






44. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






45. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






46. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






47. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






48. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






49. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






50. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)