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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






2. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






4. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






5. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






9. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






10. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






11. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






14. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






15. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






16. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






17. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






18. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






19. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






20. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






21. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






22. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






25. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






26. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






28. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






29. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






30. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






31. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






32. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






33. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






34. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






35. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






36. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






37. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






38. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






40. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






43. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






44. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






45. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






46. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






47. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






48. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






49. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






50. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue