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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






2. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






3. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






5. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






6. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






9. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






10. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






11. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






12. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






13. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






15. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






16. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






17. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






18. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






19. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






20. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






22. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






23. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






24. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






25. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






26. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






27. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






29. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






30. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






32. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






34. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






35. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






36. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






37. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






38. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






39. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






40. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






41. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






42. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






43. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






44. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






45. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






47. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






50. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks







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