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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






2. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






3. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






4. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






5. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






8. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






9. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






11. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






12. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






13. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






14. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






15. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






16. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






18. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






19. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






20. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






21. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






22. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






23. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






24. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






25. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






26. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






27. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






28. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






30. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






32. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






33. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






34. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






35. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






36. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






37. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






38. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






39. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






40. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






41. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






42. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






43. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






44. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






45. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






47. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






48. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






49. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






50. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)