Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






2. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






3. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






4. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






5. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






7. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






9. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






11. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






12. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






13. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






14. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






15. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






16. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






17. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






18. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






19. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






20. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






21. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






22. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






23. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






24. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






25. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






26. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






27. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






28. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






29. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






30. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






32. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






33. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






34. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






35. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






36. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






37. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






38. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






39. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






40. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






42. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






43. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






44. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






45. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






46. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






48. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned