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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Imprinting
mechanical isolation
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Walter Cannon
2. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Waggle dance
Atmospheric pressure
Sensitive or critical periods
3. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Genes
Infrasound
Stickleback fish
4. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Edward Thorndike
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Genes
Stickleback fish
5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Atmospheric pressure
Natural selection
Imprinting
Navigation of animals
6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
genotype
Harry Harlow
geographic isolation
Mating of bees
7. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
Inclusive fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Herring gull chicks
8. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Genes
Walter Cannon
Sexual dimorphism
Cross fostering experiments
9. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Fixed action patterns (example)
Karl von Frisch
Courting
geographic isolation
10. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Imprinting
Altruism
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
11. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Releasing stimuli
Selective breeding
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
12. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Natural selection
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Ethology
13. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Polarized light
R. C. Tyron
Natural selection
Supernormal sign stimulus
14. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Round dance
Star compass
Wolfgang Kohler
Biological clocks
15. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Zygote
Interaction between instinct and learning
R. C. Tyron
Circadian rhythms
16. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
Comparative psychology
genotype
17. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
Navigation of bees
Herring gull chicks
Navigation of animals
18. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Communication of bees
Genetic drift
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
19. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Navigation of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
Inclusive fitness
Mating of bees
20. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Natural selection
Sun compass
Instinctual/innate behaviours
21. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Navigation of bees
Ethology
Sexual dimorphism
Waggle dance
22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Echolocation
Navigation of bees
Eric Kandel
Karl von Frisch
23. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Polarized light
Genes
Inclusive fitness
homeostasis
24. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Walter Cannon
Inbreeding
Selective breeding
Sun compass
25. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Instrumental learning
Alleles
Mating of bees
Selective breeding
26. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Altruism
Circadian rhythms
Walter Cannon
Sun compass
27. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Imprinting
Navigation cues
Supernormal sign stimulus
Phenotype
28. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Imprinting
Circadian rhythms
Gamete
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
29. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instrumental learning
Magnetic sense
Cross fostering experiments
Instinctual drift (example)
30. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Navigation of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Selective breeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
31. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Instrumental learning
Harry Harlow
Alleles
Phenotype
32. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
R. C. Tyron
Hearing of owls
Imprinting
Ethology
33. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Comparative psychology
Round dance
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Estrus
34. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Genetic drift
behavioral isolation
Phenotype
Supernormal sign stimulus
35. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Releasing stimuli
Imprinting
Sensitive or critical periods
Natural selection
36. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Magnetic sense
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Fitness
Courting
37. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Herring gull chicks
Communication of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Pheromones
38. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
R. C. Tyron
Magnetic sense
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
39. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Communication of bees
R. C. Tyron
genotype
40. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Phenotype
Selective breeding
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
mechanical isolation
41. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Ethology
Fight or flight
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Pheromones
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Herring gull chicks
43. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
Phenotype
44. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Herring gull chicks
Sexual dimorphism
geographic isolation
homeostasis
45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Natural selection
isolation by season
Round dance
46. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Mating of bees
Circadian rhythms
Ethology
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
47. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Star compass
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Waggle dance
Inclusive fitness
48. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Genes
Herring gull chicks
Communication of bees
Pheromones
49. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Ethology
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Instinctual drift (example)
Sensitive or critical periods
50. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Courting
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Inbreeding
phenotypic expression
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