SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
Hearing of owls
Herring gull chicks
Magnetic sense
2. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Polarized light
Pheromones
Gamete
Sexual selection
3. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Sun compass
Alleles
Biological clocks
isolation by season
4. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Hierarchy of bees
Flower selection of bees
geographic isolation
Estrus
5. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
genotype
behavioral isolation
Gamete
6. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Fitness
Navigation of animals
Supernormal sign stimulus
Eric Kandel
7. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Courting
Waggle dance
Karl von Frisch
Fitness
8. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Comparative psychology
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Circadian rhythms
9. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Infrasound
Charles Darwin
Comparative psychology
10. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
isolation by season
Phenotype
Ethology
Navigation of bees
11. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Supernormal sign stimulus
Altruism
Circadian rhythms
Sexual dimorphism
12. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Cross fostering experiments
Circadian rhythms
Sexual dimorphism
13. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Flower selection of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
R. C. Tyron
Edward Thorndike
14. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Walter Cannon
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Imprinting
15. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Alleles
Pheromones
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
16. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Harry Harlow
Stickleback fish
Walter Cannon
Biological clocks
17. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
genotype
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Genes
Releasing stimuli
18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Wolfgang Kohler
phenotypic expression
Herring gull chicks
19. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Star compass
Genetic drift
Round dance
Pheromones
20. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Konrad Lorenz
Eric Kandel
Genes
Wolfgang Kohler
21. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
behavioral isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
isolation by season
Stickleback fish
22. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Wolfgang Kohler
Estrus
23. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Charles Darwin
Polarized light
Genetic drift
Flower selection of bees
24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Round dance
Karl von Frisch
behavioral isolation
Zygote
25. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
genotype
Instrumental learning
Atmospheric pressure
Walter Cannon
26. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Harry Harlow
genotype
Edward Thorndike
Mating of bees
27. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Hearing of owls
isolation by season
Estrus
28. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Star compass
Navigation of animals
Genetic drift
Stickleback fish
29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Sun compass
R. C. Tyron
genotype
Dominant and recessive gene
30. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Dominant and recessive gene
Imprinting
Alleles
31. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Echolocation
mechanical isolation
Infrasound
Sexual selection
32. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Atmospheric pressure
phenotypic expression
Walter Cannon
33. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Walter Cannon
Selective breeding
Harry Harlow
Mimicry
34. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Ethology
Selective breeding
homeostasis
Mating of bees
35. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Karl von Frisch
Hierarchy of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
homeostasis
36. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Instrumental learning
Navigation cues
Animal aggression
Cross fostering experiments
37. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Karl von Frisch
Selective breeding
Ethology
Echolocation
38. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Stickleback fish
Atmospheric pressure
Navigation of animals
39. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Alleles
Altruism
homeostasis
Instinctual/innate behaviours
40. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Navigation cues
Comparative psychology
Navigation of animals
Wolfgang Kohler
41. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Eric Kandel
homeostasis
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Hierarchy of bees
42. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Echolocation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
phenotypic expression
43. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Stickleback fish
phenotypic expression
Sensitive or critical periods
Dominant and recessive gene
44. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
Gamete
Round dance
Nikolaas Tinbergen
45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Karl von Frisch
Eric Kandel
Biological clocks
46. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Hearing of owls
Comparative psychology
Stickleback fish
Fixed action patterns (example)
47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Gamete
Mimicry
Ethology
Dominant and recessive gene
48. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Imprinting
Biological clocks
Ethology
49. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
mechanical isolation
Cross fostering experiments
Inclusive fitness
Animal aggression
50. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
behavioral isolation
phenotypic expression
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys