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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






2. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






3. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






4. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






5. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






6. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






7. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






8. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






9. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






11. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






13. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






14. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






15. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






16. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






17. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






18. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






19. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






20. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






21. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






22. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






25. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






26. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






27. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






28. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






30. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






31. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






33. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






37. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






38. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






39. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






40. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






41. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






42. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






43. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






44. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






46. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






47. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish