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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






2. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






3. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






4. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






5. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






6. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






7. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






9. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






10. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






11. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






12. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






13. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






14. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






15. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






16. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






17. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






18. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






19. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






21. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






22. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






23. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






24. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






26. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






27. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






29. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






30. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






31. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






32. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






34. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






35. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






36. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






37. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






38. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






39. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






40. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






41. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






42. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






43. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






44. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






45. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






46. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






47. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






48. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






49. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






50. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid