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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






2. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






3. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






4. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






8. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






9. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






10. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






12. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






13. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






14. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






15. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






16. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






17. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






18. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






19. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






20. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






21. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






22. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






23. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






24. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






25. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






26. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






27. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






28. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






29. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






30. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






32. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






33. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






34. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






35. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






36. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






37. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






38. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






39. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






40. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






41. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






42. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






43. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






44. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






45. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






47. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






48. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






49. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






50. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour