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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
geographic isolation
Altruism
Interaction between instinct and learning
Mating of bees
2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Mimicry
Inbreeding
Sun compass
homeostasis
3. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Fixed action patterns (example)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
4. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Comparative psychology
Polarized light
Star compass
Inbreeding
5. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
Echolocation
Navigation of animals
6. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
behavioral isolation
Fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Genes
7. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Instinctual drift (example)
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
Navigation of animals
8. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Releasing stimuli
Fitness
Circadian rhythms
9. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Animal aggression
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Instrumental learning
Sun compass
10. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Karl von Frisch
Fixed action patterns (example)
Pheromones
Courting
11. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Instrumental learning
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Magnetic sense
Harry Harlow
12. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Sexual dimorphism
Nikolaas Tinbergen
R. C. Tyron
Mating of bees
13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Star compass
14. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
homeostasis
Ethology
15. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Konrad Lorenz
Sun compass
Dominant and recessive gene
Circadian rhythms
16. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Pheromones
Herring gull chicks
Supernormal sign stimulus
mechanical isolation
17. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Round dance
geographic isolation
Navigation of animals
18. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Imprinting
Comparative psychology
Cross fostering experiments
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
19. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Animal aggression
Mimicry
Edward Thorndike
Hierarchy of bees
20. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Sexual dimorphism
Estrus
isolation by season
Zygote
21. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Fixed action patterns (example)
Selective breeding
Fitness
22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Imprinting
Herring gull chicks
Harry Harlow
23. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
R. C. Tyron
Wolfgang Kohler
Sensitive or critical periods
Pheromones
24. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Dominant and recessive gene
Ethology
Imprinting
Infrasound
25. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Echolocation
genotype
mechanical isolation
26. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
mechanical isolation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Flower selection of bees
Gamete
27. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Communication of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
28. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Zygote
Communication of bees
R. C. Tyron
Interaction between instinct and learning
29. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Magnetic sense
Pheromones
Inbreeding
genotype
30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Mimicry
Star compass
Animal aggression
31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Zygote
Fight or flight
Eric Kandel
32. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Animal aggression
Releasing stimuli
Stickleback fish
Dominant and recessive gene
33. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Pheromones
Edward Thorndike
Biological clocks
Harry Harlow
34. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Phenotype
Circadian rhythms
Charles Darwin
Eric Kandel
35. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
phenotypic expression
Estrus
Herring gull chicks
Ethology
36. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
Karl von Frisch
37. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Circadian rhythms
Herring gull chicks
Eric Kandel
38. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
Genetic drift
Harry Harlow
39. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Magnetic sense
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
40. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
behavioral isolation
Hierarchy of bees
Star compass
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
41. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Infrasound
R. C. Tyron
homeostasis
42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Polarized light
Altruism
Wolfgang Kohler
genotype
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Animal aggression
Polarized light
Waggle dance
isolation by season
44. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Genetic drift
Interaction between instinct and learning
Biological clocks
45. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Natural selection
Navigation cues
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
46. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Genes
Mimicry
Altruism
Star compass
47. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Navigation of animals
Hearing of owls
Zygote
Karl von Frisch
48. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Echolocation
Mimicry
Biological clocks
Courting
49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Gamete
Sensitive or critical periods
Circadian rhythms
50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Communication of bees
Estrus
Circadian rhythms
Dominant and recessive gene