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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






2. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






3. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






4. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






5. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






7. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






8. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






9. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






10. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






11. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






13. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






14. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






15. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






16. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






17. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






18. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






19. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






20. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






21. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






22. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






23. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






25. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






26. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






30. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






31. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






32. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






33. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






34. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






35. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






36. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






38. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






39. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






40. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






41. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






42. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






43. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






44. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






45. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






47. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






48. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






49. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






50. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin