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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Magnetic sense
Cross fostering experiments
Walter Cannon
2. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Alleles
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instrumental learning
3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Communication of bees
Fixed action patterns (example)
Fitness
Sexual selection
4. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Sexual selection
Stickleback fish
Imprinting
Biological clocks
5. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
mechanical isolation
Infrasound
Circadian rhythms
Charles Darwin
6. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Karl von Frisch
Instinctual/innate behaviours
mechanical isolation
Inbreeding
7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sexual selection
Wolfgang Kohler
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
8. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Imprinting
Interaction between instinct and learning
Flower selection of bees
Animal aggression
9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
behavioral isolation
Infrasound
Mating of bees
10. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
genotype
R. C. Tyron
Karl von Frisch
Instinctual drift (example)
11. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Herring gull chicks
Charles Darwin
Infrasound
Genetic drift
12. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Inbreeding
Fight or flight
Dominant and recessive gene
Stickleback fish
13. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Altruism
Waggle dance
Herring gull chicks
Alleles
14. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Selective breeding
Ethology
Inbreeding
Round dance
15. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Courting
Fight or flight
Star compass
16. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
R. C. Tyron
Genes
Supernormal sign stimulus
17. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Star compass
mechanical isolation
Circadian rhythms
18. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Hearing of owls
Navigation of bees
Fitness
mechanical isolation
19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
geographic isolation
homeostasis
behavioral isolation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
20. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Inbreeding
Harry Harlow
Alleles
21. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Gamete
Fight or flight
Charles Darwin
22. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
genotype
Navigation of animals
Mimicry
Phenotype
23. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Hierarchy of bees
Polarized light
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
24. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Sun compass
Dominant and recessive gene
Instinctual drift (example)
Communication of bees
25. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Navigation of bees
Hearing of owls
Comparative psychology
homeostasis
26. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Pheromones
Natural selection
27. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Round dance
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Star compass
Inclusive fitness
28. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
geographic isolation
Courting
Polarized light
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
29. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Wolfgang Kohler
Navigation of animals
Gamete
30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Releasing stimuli
Herring gull chicks
Supernormal sign stimulus
31. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Sexual dimorphism
Comparative psychology
Wolfgang Kohler
phenotypic expression
32. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Releasing stimuli
Navigation of animals
Cross fostering experiments
33. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Karl von Frisch
Phenotype
Inbreeding
Fixed action patterns (example)
34. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Interaction between instinct and learning
Fight or flight
Circadian rhythms
35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Altruism
Magnetic sense
Infrasound
36. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Wolfgang Kohler
Gamete
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Selective breeding
37. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Cross fostering experiments
Round dance
Sun compass
38. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Gamete
Natural selection
Wolfgang Kohler
Communication of bees
39. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Round dance
Mimicry
Wolfgang Kohler
Sun compass
40. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Edward Thorndike
Polarized light
Navigation cues
Altruism
41. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Instrumental learning
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Flower selection of bees
42. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Circadian rhythms
Alleles
Communication of bees
Ethology
43. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Comparative psychology
Supernormal sign stimulus
Round dance
Estrus
44. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Fixed action patterns (example)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Circadian rhythms
Sexual dimorphism
45. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Walter Cannon
phenotypic expression
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
46. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
mechanical isolation
Sun compass
Mating of bees
Round dance
47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Genetic drift
Sun compass
Gamete
48. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Hierarchy of bees
Sexual selection
Estrus
Dominant and recessive gene
49. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Navigation cues
R. C. Tyron
Gamete
Sensitive or critical periods
50. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Animal aggression
Herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
Fixed action patterns (example)