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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Interaction between instinct and learning
Circadian rhythms
phenotypic expression
2. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
Circadian rhythms
Alleles
3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
isolation by season
4. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Navigation of animals
Wolfgang Kohler
5. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Courting
Infrasound
Edward Thorndike
Dominant and recessive gene
6. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Infrasound
Eric Kandel
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Star compass
7. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Genetic drift
Natural selection
Altruism
Navigation of animals
8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Genetic drift
Round dance
Mating of bees
Magnetic sense
9. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Inbreeding
Wolfgang Kohler
R. C. Tyron
Round dance
10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Flower selection of bees
Navigation cues
Edward Thorndike
Infrasound
11. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Walter Cannon
homeostasis
Instinctual drift (example)
Alleles
12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Pheromones
Genes
Edward Thorndike
isolation by season
13. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Selective breeding
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instrumental learning
14. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
mechanical isolation
isolation by season
Edward Thorndike
15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Communication of bees
Biological clocks
Interaction between instinct and learning
16. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Navigation of animals
Echolocation
Sexual selection
Infrasound
17. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Hearing of owls
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
18. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Inclusive fitness
Flower selection of bees
Cross fostering experiments
Konrad Lorenz
19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Zygote
Mating of bees
Walter Cannon
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
20. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Courting
Konrad Lorenz
Hierarchy of bees
isolation by season
21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Fixed action patterns (example)
Fitness
Altruism
Estrus
22. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
mechanical isolation
Releasing stimuli
behavioral isolation
genotype
23. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Flower selection of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Harry Harlow
24. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Herring gull chicks
Sexual dimorphism
Echolocation
25. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Sun compass
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
Infrasound
26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
mechanical isolation
Stickleback fish
Mating of bees
geographic isolation
27. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Releasing stimuli
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Ethology
Comparative psychology
28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Fitness
Atmospheric pressure
Alleles
29. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
R. C. Tyron
Gamete
Star compass
homeostasis
30. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Fight or flight
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Genes
Sun compass
31. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Inclusive fitness
Releasing stimuli
Mimicry
Supernormal sign stimulus
32. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Genetic drift
Navigation cues
Selective breeding
33. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Charles Darwin
Harry Harlow
Fixed action patterns (example)
34. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
Genetic drift
35. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Navigation of animals
Karl von Frisch
Genetic drift
Sun compass
36. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Mimicry
Natural selection
Atmospheric pressure
Phenotype
37. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
geographic isolation
Fight or flight
Courting
Instinctual drift (example)
38. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Hearing of owls
Zygote
Magnetic sense
Interaction between instinct and learning
39. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
R. C. Tyron
Atmospheric pressure
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Selective breeding
40. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Genes
Round dance
Atmospheric pressure
Eric Kandel
41. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sexual selection
phenotypic expression
Fight or flight
42. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Stickleback fish
Genetic drift
Estrus
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Polarized light
Mating of bees
mechanical isolation
44. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Star compass
Atmospheric pressure
Dominant and recessive gene
45. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Star compass
Sensitive or critical periods
Biological clocks
46. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Sun compass
Hierarchy of bees
Circadian rhythms
Mating of bees
47. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
genotype
Charles Darwin
Releasing stimuli
Selective breeding
48. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Waggle dance
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Infrasound
Animal aggression
49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Imprinting
Walter Cannon
Circadian rhythms
Cross fostering experiments
50. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Star compass
Mimicry
phenotypic expression
Infrasound