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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






3. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






6. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






7. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






8. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






9. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






10. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






11. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






12. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






13. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






14. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






15. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






16. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






17. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






18. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






19. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






20. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






21. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






22. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






23. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






24. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






25. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






26. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






27. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






28. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






29. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






30. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






31. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






32. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






33. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






36. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






37. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






38. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






39. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






40. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






41. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






42. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






43. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






44. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






45. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






46. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






47. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






48. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






50. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away