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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
homeostasis
Polarized light
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Dominant and recessive gene
2. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Stickleback fish
Natural selection
Pheromones
Imprinting
3. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Genes
Hierarchy of bees
Imprinting
Pheromones
4. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Inclusive fitness
Dominant and recessive gene
Karl von Frisch
5. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Fitness
R. C. Tyron
Walter Cannon
Cross fostering experiments
6. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Waggle dance
Gamete
Circadian rhythms
Charles Darwin
7. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Stickleback fish
Polarized light
Star compass
Mating of bees
8. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Supernormal sign stimulus
genotype
Animal aggression
Mating of bees
9. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Animal aggression
Mimicry
Zygote
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
10. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Animal aggression
Magnetic sense
Circadian rhythms
Edward Thorndike
11. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Animal aggression
Ethology
Genes
Herring gull chicks
12. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Mating of bees
Walter Cannon
homeostasis
Flower selection of bees
13. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Charles Darwin
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Konrad Lorenz
14. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Estrus
Interaction between instinct and learning
Mimicry
Star compass
15. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Altruism
Atmospheric pressure
Circadian rhythms
Genetic drift
16. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Herring gull chicks
Polarized light
Imprinting
Wolfgang Kohler
17. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Alleles
genotype
Pheromones
Walter Cannon
18. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Magnetic sense
Waggle dance
Echolocation
Altruism
19. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Navigation of bees
Animal aggression
Mimicry
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Animal aggression
behavioral isolation
Altruism
Communication of bees
21. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Interaction between instinct and learning
Waggle dance
Imprinting
Releasing stimuli
22. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Karl von Frisch
Natural selection
Releasing stimuli
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
23. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Genetic drift
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Alleles
Fight or flight
24. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Biological clocks
Mimicry
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Zygote
25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Karl von Frisch
Hearing of owls
Star compass
Comparative psychology
26. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Konrad Lorenz
Sun compass
Releasing stimuli
Magnetic sense
27. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Selective breeding
Sensitive or critical periods
Ethology
28. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Eric Kandel
Stickleback fish
Circadian rhythms
29. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Courting
Hierarchy of bees
Round dance
Navigation of animals
30. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Sensitive or critical periods
Stickleback fish
Dominant and recessive gene
Karl von Frisch
31. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Biological clocks
Waggle dance
Dominant and recessive gene
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
isolation by season
Polarized light
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
isolation by season
Alleles
Cross fostering experiments
Atmospheric pressure
34. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Communication of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
Circadian rhythms
35. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Fight or flight
Herring gull chicks
Phenotype
Star compass
36. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
geographic isolation
Konrad Lorenz
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Echolocation
37. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of animals
phenotypic expression
Sexual selection
38. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
Animal aggression
Sensitive or critical periods
39. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Ethology
phenotypic expression
Hierarchy of bees
Communication of bees
40. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Stickleback fish
Communication of bees
Inclusive fitness
Fitness
41. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Fitness
Karl von Frisch
Inbreeding
42. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Walter Cannon
Ethology
Gamete
Stickleback fish
43. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Polarized light
Instrumental learning
Magnetic sense
Navigation cues
44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Phenotype
45. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Pheromones
Star compass
Stickleback fish
isolation by season
46. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Ethology
Eric Kandel
Fixed action patterns (example)
Sexual dimorphism
47. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Circadian rhythms
Sensitive or critical periods
Edward Thorndike
48. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Instrumental learning
Konrad Lorenz
Edward Thorndike
Polarized light
49. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
isolation by season
Wolfgang Kohler
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
50. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Zygote
Navigation cues
Navigation of animals