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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






2. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






4. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






5. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






6. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






7. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






8. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






9. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






10. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






12. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






13. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






14. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






15. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






16. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






17. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






18. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






19. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






20. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






21. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






22. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






23. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






24. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






25. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






26. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






27. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






28. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






29. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






30. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






31. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






32. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






33. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






34. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






35. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






36. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






37. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






38. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






39. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






40. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






41. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






42. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






43. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






44. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






45. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






46. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






47. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






48. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






49. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






50. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)