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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Zygote
Fitness
Sexual dimorphism
homeostasis
2. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Circadian rhythms
Wolfgang Kohler
Edward Thorndike
3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Navigation cues
Polarized light
Sexual selection
Round dance
4. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Natural selection
Inclusive fitness
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Sensitive or critical periods
5. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Wolfgang Kohler
Ethology
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Cross fostering experiments
6. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Estrus
Charles Darwin
Round dance
7. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
genotype
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
Ethology
8. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Edward Thorndike
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Herring gull chicks
Natural selection
9. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
R. C. Tyron
Dominant and recessive gene
Genetic drift
geographic isolation
10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation of animals
Communication of bees
Navigation cues
Fitness
11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
Gamete
Alleles
Sexual selection
12. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Releasing stimuli
Karl von Frisch
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
13. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Courting
Edward Thorndike
Comparative psychology
Sun compass
14. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
geographic isolation
homeostasis
Communication of bees
Infrasound
15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Wolfgang Kohler
Phenotype
Interaction between instinct and learning
16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Alleles
Herring gull chicks
Genes
17. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Sensitive or critical periods
Imprinting
Ethology
Courting
18. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instinctual drift (example)
Walter Cannon
Star compass
19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Edward Thorndike
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Communication of bees
20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Instrumental learning
Fight or flight
Karl von Frisch
Instinctual/innate behaviours
21. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
phenotypic expression
Sexual selection
Estrus
22. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Sexual selection
Estrus
Harry Harlow
23. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Gamete
genotype
Edward Thorndike
Estrus
24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Sun compass
Inbreeding
geographic isolation
25. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Charles Darwin
Genes
Hearing of owls
Instinctual drift (example)
26. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Zygote
Infrasound
Sun compass
Echolocation
27. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Wolfgang Kohler
Comparative psychology
28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Zygote
behavioral isolation
Alleles
Polarized light
29. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Round dance
Walter Cannon
Eric Kandel
Sensitive or critical periods
30. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Animal aggression
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
phenotypic expression
genotype
31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Ethology
Echolocation
isolation by season
Mimicry
32. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
33. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Polarized light
Mating of bees
Herring gull chicks
Comparative psychology
34. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Hierarchy of bees
Herring gull chicks
Circadian rhythms
Inclusive fitness
35. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Fixed action patterns (example)
Eric Kandel
Navigation cues
homeostasis
36. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Altruism
R. C. Tyron
Hearing of owls
37. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Biological clocks
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Releasing stimuli
38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Comparative psychology
Flower selection of bees
Circadian rhythms
Konrad Lorenz
39. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Mimicry
Genetic drift
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Zygote
40. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Imprinting
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Fitness
Communication of bees
41. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Supernormal sign stimulus
Magnetic sense
Communication of bees
42. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Walter Cannon
Natural selection
Fight or flight
43. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
homeostasis
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
homeostasis
Instinctual drift (example)
Herring gull chicks
Phenotype
45. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Cross fostering experiments
Konrad Lorenz
Courting
46. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Eric Kandel
Charles Darwin
Fight or flight
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
47. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Atmospheric pressure
Interaction between instinct and learning
Navigation of animals
Courting
48. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Waggle dance
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Atmospheric pressure
49. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
R. C. Tyron
Selective breeding
Infrasound
50. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Phenotype
Sun compass
Edward Thorndike