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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
Polarized light
Sexual selection
2. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Communication of bees
Ethology
behavioral isolation
Navigation of bees
3. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Hierarchy of bees
Infrasound
Circadian rhythms
Sexual dimorphism
4. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Mimicry
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
R. C. Tyron
5. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Sensitive or critical periods
Mating of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Echolocation
6. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
Altruism
Genes
7. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Comparative psychology
Dominant and recessive gene
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
homeostasis
8. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Charles Darwin
Navigation of bees
Animal aggression
Echolocation
9. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Stickleback fish
Cross fostering experiments
Atmospheric pressure
geographic isolation
10. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Mating of bees
Gamete
Comparative psychology
Konrad Lorenz
11. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Echolocation
Dominant and recessive gene
12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Inbreeding
Wolfgang Kohler
isolation by season
13. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Herring gull chicks
Navigation of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Gamete
14. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Edward Thorndike
Fitness
Interaction between instinct and learning
Navigation cues
15. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Mating of bees
Genes
Dominant and recessive gene
Hearing of owls
16. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Eric Kandel
Atmospheric pressure
Dominant and recessive gene
Navigation of animals
17. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
phenotypic expression
Imprinting
Sensitive or critical periods
Sexual selection
18. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Fixed action patterns (example)
Circadian rhythms
genotype
19. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Selective breeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
isolation by season
Nikolaas Tinbergen
20. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Zygote
Instinctual drift (example)
Navigation of bees
Alleles
21. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Gamete
Dominant and recessive gene
Estrus
22. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Sexual selection
phenotypic expression
Communication of bees
Polarized light
23. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Estrus
phenotypic expression
Flower selection of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
24. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Genetic drift
Infrasound
Circadian rhythms
Stickleback fish
25. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Alleles
Altruism
Herring gull chicks
Natural selection
26. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Alleles
Herring gull chicks
Hierarchy of bees
Eric Kandel
27. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Sexual selection
Inclusive fitness
Phenotype
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
28. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Mating of bees
Star compass
Fitness
R. C. Tyron
29. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Pheromones
Sexual dimorphism
Releasing stimuli
Instinctual/innate behaviours
30. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Sun compass
Communication of bees
Fitness
Dominant and recessive gene
31. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Echolocation
Polarized light
Mimicry
isolation by season
32. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Interaction between instinct and learning
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Zygote
Round dance
33. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Altruism
Infrasound
Alleles
34. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Fight or flight
genotype
isolation by season
35. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Stickleback fish
Genetic drift
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Releasing stimuli
36. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Waggle dance
Mating of bees
homeostasis
37. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Flower selection of bees
Inclusive fitness
behavioral isolation
Pheromones
38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Star compass
Comparative psychology
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
39. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Releasing stimuli
Navigation of bees
Infrasound
Communication of bees
40. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
homeostasis
Communication of bees
Sexual selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
41. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
genotype
Releasing stimuli
phenotypic expression
42. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Charles Darwin
Ethology
Karl von Frisch
Instinctual/innate behaviours
43. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Harry Harlow
Navigation cues
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Animal aggression
44. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Gamete
Karl von Frisch
Echolocation
Altruism
45. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Fight or flight
Harry Harlow
Mimicry
Pheromones
46. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Navigation cues
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Edward Thorndike
Ethology
47. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Selective breeding
Sexual selection
genotype
Fitness
48. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Estrus
Circadian rhythms
Ethology
Karl von Frisch
49. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Fight or flight
genotype
Sensitive or critical periods
Star compass
50. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Communication of bees
Biological clocks
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Round dance