Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






2. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






3. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






4. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






5. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






6. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






7. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






8. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






9. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






10. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






11. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






12. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






13. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






15. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






16. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






17. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






18. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






19. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






20. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






21. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






22. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






23. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






24. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






25. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






26. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






27. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






29. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






30. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






32. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






34. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






35. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






36. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






37. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






38. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






39. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






40. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






43. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






44. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






45. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






46. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






47. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






48. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






49. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






50. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue