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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






2. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






3. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






4. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






5. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






7. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






8. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






9. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






10. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






11. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






12. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






13. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






14. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






15. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






16. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






17. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






18. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






19. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






20. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






21. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






24. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






25. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






26. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






27. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






29. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






30. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






33. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






34. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






35. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






36. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






37. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






38. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






39. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






40. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






41. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






42. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






43. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






46. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






47. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






48. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






49. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






50. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr