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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






2. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






3. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






4. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






5. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






6. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






7. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






10. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






11. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






12. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






13. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






14. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






15. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






16. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






17. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






19. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






20. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






21. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






22. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






23. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






26. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






27. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






28. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






29. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






30. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






31. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






32. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






33. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






34. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






35. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






36. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






37. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






38. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






39. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






42. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






43. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






44. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






45. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






46. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






47. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






49. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing