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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






2. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






3. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






4. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






5. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






6. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






7. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






8. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






9. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






10. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






11. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






12. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






13. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






14. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






15. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






16. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






17. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






19. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






20. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






22. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






23. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






26. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






27. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






28. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






29. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






31. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






32. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






33. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






35. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






36. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






37. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






38. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






39. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






40. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






41. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






42. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






43. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






44. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






45. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






46. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






47. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






48. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






49. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






50. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards