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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






2. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






3. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






4. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






5. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






6. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






9. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






10. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






11. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






12. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






13. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






14. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






15. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






17. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






18. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






19. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






20. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






22. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






23. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






24. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






25. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






26. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






27. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






28. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






29. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






30. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






31. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






32. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






33. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






34. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






35. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






36. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






37. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






38. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






41. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






42. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






43. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






44. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






45. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






46. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






48. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






49. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures