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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






2. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






3. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






4. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






7. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






8. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






9. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






10. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






11. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






12. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






13. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






14. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






15. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






16. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






17. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






19. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






20. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






21. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






24. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






25. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






26. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






27. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






28. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






29. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






30. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






31. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






33. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






34. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






35. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






36. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






37. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






38. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






39. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






40. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






41. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






42. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






43. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






44. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






45. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






46. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






47. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






48. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






49. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






50. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits