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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Sensitive or critical periods
Fight or flight
Mimicry
Genes
2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
geographic isolation
Dominant and recessive gene
Konrad Lorenz
Supernormal sign stimulus
3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Mating of bees
Imprinting
Hearing of owls
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
Fitness
Round dance
Echolocation
5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Selective breeding
Polarized light
homeostasis
Fixed action patterns (example)
6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Fitness
Echolocation
Waggle dance
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
7. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Ethology
Inbreeding
Wolfgang Kohler
8. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Circadian rhythms
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Karl von Frisch
9. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Biological clocks
Instrumental learning
Magnetic sense
Nikolaas Tinbergen
10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Star compass
Sexual dimorphism
Echolocation
Stickleback fish
11. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Herring gull chicks
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
R. C. Tyron
12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Interaction between instinct and learning
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
13. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Atmospheric pressure
behavioral isolation
Magnetic sense
14. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Eric Kandel
Fight or flight
15. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Star compass
Echolocation
homeostasis
Navigation of bees
16. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Sexual selection
Inbreeding
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Genes
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation cues
Instinctual/innate behaviours
18. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Ethology
Sensitive or critical periods
Animal aggression
Polarized light
19. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
Sexual dimorphism
Instinctual/innate behaviours
20. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
21. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Edward Thorndike
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
Atmospheric pressure
22. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Hearing of owls
Herring gull chicks
Flower selection of bees
Releasing stimuli
23. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
mechanical isolation
24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation of animals
Interaction between instinct and learning
Navigation cues
behavioral isolation
25. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Atmospheric pressure
Mating of bees
Biological clocks
Navigation of animals
26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
Mimicry
27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Hearing of owls
Pheromones
Genetic drift
isolation by season
28. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Releasing stimuli
R. C. Tyron
Navigation of bees
29. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Cross fostering experiments
Genes
Atmospheric pressure
Pheromones
30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Hierarchy of bees
Eric Kandel
Sensitive or critical periods
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
31. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
Instrumental learning
Walter Cannon
32. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Magnetic sense
Genes
Sun compass
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
33. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Comparative psychology
Fitness
Navigation of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Courting
Alleles
isolation by season
Magnetic sense
35. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Polarized light
Inbreeding
Instinctual drift (example)
36. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Alleles
Gamete
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
37. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Natural selection
Hearing of owls
genotype
Eric Kandel
38. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Polarized light
Releasing stimuli
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
39. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Dominant and recessive gene
Natural selection
Karl von Frisch
Courting
40. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Polarized light
Navigation of bees
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
41. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
homeostasis
Biological clocks
Alleles
42. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Atmospheric pressure
Comparative psychology
R. C. Tyron
Round dance
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Atmospheric pressure
Imprinting
geographic isolation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
44. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Navigation of animals
Mimicry
Ethology
45. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Altruism
Hierarchy of bees
Selective breeding
mechanical isolation
46. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
homeostasis
Phenotype
47. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
behavioral isolation
Fight or flight
Inclusive fitness
48. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Karl von Frisch
behavioral isolation
Charles Darwin
Sexual selection
49. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Herring gull chicks
Sun compass
Mating of bees
Imprinting
50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Echolocation