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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
Animal aggression
Imprinting
Estrus
2. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Hierarchy of bees
Infrasound
Sensitive or critical periods
Flower selection of bees
3. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Star compass
Genetic drift
Herring gull chicks
mechanical isolation
4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Instinctual drift (example)
homeostasis
Mimicry
behavioral isolation
5. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Hearing of owls
Round dance
Flower selection of bees
6. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Mating of bees
homeostasis
Comparative psychology
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
7. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Sun compass
Courting
Star compass
Dominant and recessive gene
8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
R. C. Tyron
Hearing of owls
Infrasound
Ethology
9. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Eric Kandel
Hearing of owls
Edward Thorndike
genotype
10. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Navigation cues
Communication of bees
Fight or flight
Fitness
11. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Communication of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Magnetic sense
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
Round dance
Inclusive fitness
homeostasis
13. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Imprinting
Waggle dance
Fixed action patterns (example)
14. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
geographic isolation
Zygote
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
15. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Genes
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
Inbreeding
16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Instinctual drift (example)
Stickleback fish
Sexual dimorphism
Walter Cannon
17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Infrasound
Stickleback fish
Ethology
18. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation of bees
Edward Thorndike
19. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Star compass
Cross fostering experiments
Navigation cues
Charles Darwin
20. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Genetic drift
Imprinting
Circadian rhythms
Star compass
21. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Stickleback fish
Echolocation
Dominant and recessive gene
Harry Harlow
22. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Edward Thorndike
Mimicry
Hearing of owls
Echolocation
23. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Instrumental learning
Walter Cannon
Zygote
Echolocation
24. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Polarized light
Biological clocks
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Nikolaas Tinbergen
25. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
geographic isolation
Sun compass
Instinctual drift (example)
Eric Kandel
26. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Infrasound
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
geographic isolation
27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Mimicry
Fitness
Fight or flight
Phenotype
28. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Mating of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Zygote
Genes
29. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Selective breeding
Gamete
Sexual dimorphism
Inclusive fitness
30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Sensitive or critical periods
Interaction between instinct and learning
Polarized light
Instinctual/innate behaviours
31. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
Navigation of bees
32. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
R. C. Tyron
Sun compass
Navigation of bees
Estrus
33. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Navigation of bees
Sexual selection
Alleles
Walter Cannon
34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Flower selection of bees
Biological clocks
Altruism
Cross fostering experiments
35. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
homeostasis
Atmospheric pressure
Charles Darwin
Courting
36. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Round dance
Gamete
Polarized light
Navigation of bees
37. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Wolfgang Kohler
Courting
Polarized light
Fixed action patterns (example)
38. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Walter Cannon
Cross fostering experiments
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
39. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Estrus
Round dance
mechanical isolation
40. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
R. C. Tyron
Wolfgang Kohler
homeostasis
41. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Releasing stimuli
Biological clocks
Charles Darwin
42. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sensitive or critical periods
Pheromones
Wolfgang Kohler
43. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Echolocation
Atmospheric pressure
44. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Walter Cannon
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual drift (example)
Comparative psychology
45. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Supernormal sign stimulus
mechanical isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Navigation of animals
mechanical isolation
Mimicry
Sexual dimorphism
47. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sexual selection
Inbreeding
Biological clocks
48. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
phenotypic expression
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Biological clocks
49. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Hierarchy of bees
Estrus
Atmospheric pressure
50. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Genetic drift
Inbreeding
mechanical isolation
Navigation cues