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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






2. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






3. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






4. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






5. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






6. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






7. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






8. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






11. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






12. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






13. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






14. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






16. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






17. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






18. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






19. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






20. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






21. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






22. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






23. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






24. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






25. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






26. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






27. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






28. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






29. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






30. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






31. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






32. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






33. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






34. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






35. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






36. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






37. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






38. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






39. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






40. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






41. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






42. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






43. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






44. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






45. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






46. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






48. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






50. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa