SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
R. C. Tyron
Sexual selection
Atmospheric pressure
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
2. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
mechanical isolation
Instrumental learning
Harry Harlow
3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Altruism
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
4. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Polarized light
Magnetic sense
genotype
5. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Mating of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Harry Harlow
Herring gull chicks
6. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Star compass
Instrumental learning
Waggle dance
behavioral isolation
7. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Stickleback fish
Sexual dimorphism
Konrad Lorenz
Comparative psychology
8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
phenotypic expression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Phenotype
Sexual selection
9. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
isolation by season
Animal aggression
Fight or flight
Walter Cannon
10. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Wolfgang Kohler
Inclusive fitness
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
11. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Konrad Lorenz
behavioral isolation
Releasing stimuli
Hierarchy of bees
12. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Alleles
homeostasis
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Estrus
13. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Comparative psychology
homeostasis
Eric Kandel
Karl von Frisch
14. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Navigation of bees
isolation by season
Cross fostering experiments
Inclusive fitness
15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Biological clocks
R. C. Tyron
Genes
16. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Edward Thorndike
Biological clocks
Echolocation
Charles Darwin
17. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Sensitive or critical periods
Dominant and recessive gene
Star compass
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
18. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual drift (example)
mechanical isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
19. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fitness
phenotypic expression
Fixed action patterns (example)
Releasing stimuli
20. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
R. C. Tyron
Sensitive or critical periods
21. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Selective breeding
R. C. Tyron
Phenotype
Navigation of bees
22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Sexual selection
Phenotype
isolation by season
Navigation of animals
23. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Selective breeding
Navigation of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
Fitness
24. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
behavioral isolation
Selective breeding
Altruism
Navigation of bees
25. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Edward Thorndike
geographic isolation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
26. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
behavioral isolation
Hierarchy of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Star compass
27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Comparative psychology
Animal aggression
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Genetic drift
28. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Harry Harlow
Wolfgang Kohler
Cross fostering experiments
homeostasis
29. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
genotype
Dominant and recessive gene
Pheromones
Charles Darwin
30. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Biological clocks
Altruism
Charles Darwin
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
31. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Instrumental learning
Fight or flight
Infrasound
Sensitive or critical periods
32. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Herring gull chicks
Konrad Lorenz
Infrasound
Releasing stimuli
33. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Pheromones
Edward Thorndike
Star compass
Walter Cannon
34. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Zygote
Instinctual drift (example)
Echolocation
35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
mechanical isolation
Sensitive or critical periods
Sexual selection
36. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
genotype
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Natural selection
Sun compass
37. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Sexual selection
geographic isolation
38. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Mating of bees
Ethology
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fight or flight
39. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Interaction between instinct and learning
Walter Cannon
Inbreeding
Polarized light
40. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Charles Darwin
Circadian rhythms
mechanical isolation
Mating of bees
41. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Mimicry
Inbreeding
Hearing of owls
Stickleback fish
42. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Charles Darwin
Flower selection of bees
Magnetic sense
Mating of bees
43. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Round dance
Edward Thorndike
Hearing of owls
Instinctual/innate behaviours
44. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Sensitive or critical periods
Alleles
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Inclusive fitness
45. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Instrumental learning
Biological clocks
Natural selection
Edward Thorndike
46. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Inbreeding
Cross fostering experiments
phenotypic expression
Star compass
47. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Flower selection of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Genes
Gamete
48. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Waggle dance
Dominant and recessive gene
Fight or flight
Atmospheric pressure
49. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Instinctual drift (example)
geographic isolation
Altruism
50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Mimicry
geographic isolation
Eric Kandel
Pheromones