Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






2. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






3. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






4. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






5. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






6. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






7. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






8. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






9. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






10. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






11. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






12. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






13. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






14. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






15. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






16. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






18. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






19. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






20. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






21. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






22. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






23. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






24. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






25. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






26. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






27. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






28. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






29. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






30. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






32. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






33. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






34. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






35. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






37. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






39. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






40. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






41. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






43. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






44. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






45. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






46. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






48. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






49. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






50. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur