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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Karl von Frisch
Biological clocks
Courting
2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Fight or flight
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Phenotype
Animal aggression
3. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Selective breeding
Hierarchy of bees
Navigation of animals
4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Releasing stimuli
geographic isolation
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sun compass
5. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Sun compass
Charles Darwin
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Fitness
6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Waggle dance
Courting
Instinctual drift (example)
Imprinting
7. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Comparative psychology
Zygote
Fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
8. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Natural selection
Walter Cannon
Herring gull chicks
9. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
R. C. Tyron
Hearing of owls
Instinctual drift (example)
10. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
isolation by season
Biological clocks
Selective breeding
Nikolaas Tinbergen
11. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Hierarchy of bees
Inclusive fitness
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
12. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Echolocation
Mimicry
behavioral isolation
13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
homeostasis
Sun compass
Fight or flight
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Harry Harlow
Releasing stimuli
Atmospheric pressure
mechanical isolation
15. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Courting
Biological clocks
geographic isolation
Altruism
16. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Fitness
Fixed action patterns (example)
Eric Kandel
Pheromones
17. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Echolocation
Sensitive or critical periods
Instrumental learning
geographic isolation
18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
isolation by season
Courting
geographic isolation
19. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Phenotype
Fixed action patterns (example)
Comparative psychology
Inbreeding
20. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Mimicry
Edward Thorndike
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Cross fostering experiments
21. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Biological clocks
Eric Kandel
Supernormal sign stimulus
Inclusive fitness
22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Selective breeding
Fixed action patterns (example)
Waggle dance
Gamete
23. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Natural selection
Edward Thorndike
Infrasound
24. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
genotype
Circadian rhythms
homeostasis
Biological clocks
25. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Waggle dance
Inbreeding
Gamete
Nikolaas Tinbergen
26. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Atmospheric pressure
Hierarchy of bees
Mimicry
27. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Wolfgang Kohler
Infrasound
Interaction between instinct and learning
28. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Releasing stimuli
Dominant and recessive gene
Fitness
Instinctual drift (example)
29. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Ethology
Genes
R. C. Tyron
Altruism
30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Sexual dimorphism
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
31. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Genetic drift
Hearing of owls
genotype
mechanical isolation
32. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
geographic isolation
R. C. Tyron
Navigation of animals
Harry Harlow
33. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Charles Darwin
Konrad Lorenz
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Sensitive or critical periods
34. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Herring gull chicks
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
mechanical isolation
Polarized light
35. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Dominant and recessive gene
Herring gull chicks
homeostasis
Sexual selection
36. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Natural selection
Walter Cannon
Harry Harlow
Altruism
37. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Alleles
Mimicry
Dominant and recessive gene
38. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Echolocation
Polarized light
Herring gull chicks
Genetic drift
39. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Circadian rhythms
Sensitive or critical periods
phenotypic expression
Polarized light
40. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Fixed action patterns (example)
phenotypic expression
Atmospheric pressure
Estrus
41. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Animal aggression
Harry Harlow
phenotypic expression
Circadian rhythms
42. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Communication of bees
Infrasound
Sun compass
Herring gull chicks
43. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Circadian rhythms
Ethology
Inbreeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
44. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation of bees
Navigation cues
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Fitness
45. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Biological clocks
Fixed action patterns (example)
isolation by season
Fight or flight
46. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Supernormal sign stimulus
Edward Thorndike
Navigation of animals
Cross fostering experiments
47. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Instinctual drift (example)
Polarized light
Imprinting
48. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Instrumental learning
Circadian rhythms
Eric Kandel
Animal aggression
49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Hierarchy of bees
Hearing of owls
geographic isolation
Infrasound
50. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Konrad Lorenz
Eric Kandel
Instinctual drift (example)