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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Charles Darwin
Eric Kandel
geographic isolation
Stickleback fish
2. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Genetic drift
Edward Thorndike
Cross fostering experiments
Sun compass
3. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Harry Harlow
Wolfgang Kohler
Cross fostering experiments
4. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genes
Magnetic sense
Fitness
Natural selection
5. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Star compass
Zygote
Hierarchy of bees
6. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Inclusive fitness
Selective breeding
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Edward Thorndike
Releasing stimuli
Konrad Lorenz
Flower selection of bees
8. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Circadian rhythms
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sexual selection
Selective breeding
9. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Mating of bees
Supernormal sign stimulus
Zygote
10. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Charles Darwin
Wolfgang Kohler
Harry Harlow
Infrasound
11. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
R. C. Tyron
Releasing stimuli
Hearing of owls
Supernormal sign stimulus
12. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Flower selection of bees
Navigation of animals
Konrad Lorenz
Walter Cannon
13. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Supernormal sign stimulus
Hierarchy of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Navigation cues
14. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Karl von Frisch
Navigation of animals
Biological clocks
15. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Biological clocks
Releasing stimuli
Eric Kandel
Fixed action patterns (example)
16. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Comparative psychology
Animal aggression
Estrus
R. C. Tyron
17. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Hearing of owls
Genes
Zygote
18. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Sensitive or critical periods
Sexual selection
Communication of bees
homeostasis
19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Walter Cannon
Mimicry
Communication of bees
Inclusive fitness
20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
phenotypic expression
Karl von Frisch
Imprinting
Navigation of bees
21. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Natural selection
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
isolation by season
Nikolaas Tinbergen
22. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Konrad Lorenz
Flower selection of bees
Genetic drift
Round dance
23. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
homeostasis
Fixed action patterns (example)
Releasing stimuli
Instrumental learning
24. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Biological clocks
Circadian rhythms
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Edward Thorndike
Echolocation
Interaction between instinct and learning
26. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Selective breeding
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Animal aggression
Alleles
27. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Wolfgang Kohler
genotype
Supernormal sign stimulus
Charles Darwin
28. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Fight or flight
Altruism
Animal aggression
Infrasound
29. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Genes
Herring gull chicks
Altruism
Sexual dimorphism
30. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Wolfgang Kohler
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Magnetic sense
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
31. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Hierarchy of bees
Stickleback fish
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Courting
32. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Natural selection
Mating of bees
Charles Darwin
33. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Herring gull chicks
Gamete
Courting
Navigation of bees
34. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Edward Thorndike
Estrus
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Hierarchy of bees
35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Imprinting
Sensitive or critical periods
Wolfgang Kohler
mechanical isolation
36. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Round dance
Karl von Frisch
Cross fostering experiments
Altruism
37. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Selective breeding
Fitness
Natural selection
Walter Cannon
38. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Releasing stimuli
Fight or flight
Phenotype
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
39. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Alleles
geographic isolation
Navigation cues
40. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Animal aggression
Estrus
Sexual selection
Herring gull chicks
41. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Estrus
Ethology
Konrad Lorenz
Harry Harlow
42. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Releasing stimuli
Dominant and recessive gene
Wolfgang Kohler
43. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
Instrumental learning
Selective breeding
44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Wolfgang Kohler
Dominant and recessive gene
geographic isolation
homeostasis
45. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Navigation of bees
isolation by season
Inclusive fitness
Wolfgang Kohler
46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Gamete
Imprinting
Edward Thorndike
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
47. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Polarized light
Flower selection of bees
Inbreeding
Mimicry
48. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Waggle dance
Altruism
Edward Thorndike
49. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
R. C. Tyron
Charles Darwin
Biological clocks
Magnetic sense
50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Animal aggression
Atmospheric pressure
Polarized light
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys