Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






2. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






3. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






4. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






5. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






7. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






9. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






10. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






11. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






12. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






13. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






14. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






15. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






17. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






18. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






19. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






20. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






23. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






24. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






25. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






26. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






27. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






28. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






29. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






31. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






32. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






33. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






35. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






36. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






37. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






38. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






39. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






40. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






41. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






43. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






44. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






45. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






46. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






48. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






49. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






50. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing