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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






3. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






4. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






8. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






9. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






11. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






12. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






13. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






14. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






15. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






16. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






18. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






19. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






20. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






21. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






22. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






23. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






24. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






25. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






27. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






28. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






29. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






31. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






32. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






33. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






35. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






36. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






37. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






38. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






39. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






40. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






41. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






42. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






44. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






45. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






46. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






47. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






48. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






49. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish