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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Genetic drift
Hierarchy of bees
Genes
Selective breeding
2. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Estrus
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Atmospheric pressure
Karl von Frisch
3. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
phenotypic expression
Ethology
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Mimicry
4. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Harry Harlow
geographic isolation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
5. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Gamete
Fight or flight
Communication of bees
6. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Biological clocks
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Flower selection of bees
7. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Hierarchy of bees
Gamete
Konrad Lorenz
Pheromones
8. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Fitness
Fixed action patterns (example)
Harry Harlow
9. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
mechanical isolation
Inclusive fitness
Selective breeding
10. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Communication of bees
Sun compass
Stickleback fish
Navigation of animals
11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
homeostasis
Comparative psychology
Wolfgang Kohler
Ethology
12. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
mechanical isolation
Walter Cannon
13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Mating of bees
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Flower selection of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
14. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Hierarchy of bees
Karl von Frisch
Instrumental learning
Selective breeding
15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Edward Thorndike
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Inbreeding
Natural selection
16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Genetic drift
mechanical isolation
Hierarchy of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
17. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
genotype
homeostasis
Sexual dimorphism
Herring gull chicks
18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Fight or flight
Echolocation
Zygote
Inbreeding
19. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Eric Kandel
Hearing of owls
Biological clocks
Interaction between instinct and learning
20. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Biological clocks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Supernormal sign stimulus
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Harry Harlow
Comparative psychology
Animal aggression
phenotypic expression
22. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Flower selection of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
Natural selection
Selective breeding
23. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
R. C. Tyron
Imprinting
Navigation cues
Cross fostering experiments
24. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sexual selection
Navigation of bees
genotype
Sun compass
25. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Karl von Frisch
Hierarchy of bees
phenotypic expression
Infrasound
26. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Walter Cannon
homeostasis
Mating of bees
Estrus
27. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Inbreeding
Star compass
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
28. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Fight or flight
Mating of bees
Navigation of animals
Harry Harlow
29. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Navigation of animals
Dominant and recessive gene
Fight or flight
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Releasing stimuli
Estrus
Sun compass
31. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Zygote
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Sun compass
32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Harry Harlow
Inclusive fitness
Fight or flight
Alleles
33. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Atmospheric pressure
Gamete
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
34. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Flower selection of bees
Waggle dance
Circadian rhythms
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
35. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Inclusive fitness
Charles Darwin
Instrumental learning
Circadian rhythms
36. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Karl von Frisch
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
isolation by season
Stickleback fish
37. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Supernormal sign stimulus
Dominant and recessive gene
Wolfgang Kohler
Magnetic sense
38. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Sexual dimorphism
Star compass
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Sexual dimorphism
Magnetic sense
Harry Harlow
isolation by season
40. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Natural selection
Konrad Lorenz
41. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Mating of bees
Pheromones
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
42. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
homeostasis
Herring gull chicks
Fitness
Karl von Frisch
43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
phenotypic expression
Karl von Frisch
Sexual selection
behavioral isolation
44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Konrad Lorenz
Genes
Wolfgang Kohler
45. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
Natural selection
geographic isolation
46. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Supernormal sign stimulus
Hearing of owls
Animal aggression
47. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Animal aggression
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
geographic isolation
48. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
geographic isolation
Konrad Lorenz
Sexual dimorphism
Mimicry
49. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Imprinting
Echolocation
Sexual selection
Instrumental learning
50. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Navigation of animals
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Ethology