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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
geographic isolation
Alleles
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Courting
2. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Gamete
Estrus
Eric Kandel
Inclusive fitness
3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Ethology
Mating of bees
Walter Cannon
4. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Imprinting
Circadian rhythms
Star compass
5. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
mechanical isolation
Mimicry
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Magnetic sense
6. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Polarized light
geographic isolation
Navigation of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
7. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Inbreeding
Mating of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Navigation cues
Fight or flight
mechanical isolation
Charles Darwin
9. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Gamete
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Dominant and recessive gene
Phenotype
10. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Gamete
Animal aggression
Hearing of owls
Fitness
11. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Courting
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Navigation cues
12. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Courting
Pheromones
phenotypic expression
Star compass
13. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Imprinting
Communication of bees
Zygote
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
14. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
genotype
Releasing stimuli
Altruism
15. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Ethology
Estrus
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Imprinting
Echolocation
Wolfgang Kohler
17. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
R. C. Tyron
18. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Courting
Flower selection of bees
19. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
mechanical isolation
Interaction between instinct and learning
Mating of bees
R. C. Tyron
20. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Wolfgang Kohler
Karl von Frisch
21. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Pheromones
Sun compass
Zygote
Ethology
22. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Edward Thorndike
Alleles
Instrumental learning
Sensitive or critical periods
23. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Hearing of owls
Instrumental learning
Interaction between instinct and learning
Biological clocks
24. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Waggle dance
Magnetic sense
Selective breeding
Harry Harlow
25. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Biological clocks
Star compass
Sexual selection
Sexual dimorphism
26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Waggle dance
Releasing stimuli
Natural selection
Magnetic sense
27. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
Zygote
Eric Kandel
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
28. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Instrumental learning
Fitness
genotype
Atmospheric pressure
29. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Inbreeding
Polarized light
Star compass
30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Animal aggression
Round dance
Fitness
31. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Genes
Waggle dance
Stickleback fish
Eric Kandel
32. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
behavioral isolation
Courting
Sexual dimorphism
Sensitive or critical periods
33. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Charles Darwin
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Atmospheric pressure
34. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
Dominant and recessive gene
mechanical isolation
Karl von Frisch
35. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Ethology
genotype
Courting
36. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
isolation by season
Instinctual drift (example)
Hearing of owls
Estrus
37. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Navigation cues
Sensitive or critical periods
Hierarchy of bees
geographic isolation
38. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Estrus
Fixed action patterns (example)
Karl von Frisch
Round dance
39. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fight or flight
isolation by season
Fixed action patterns (example)
Zygote
40. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Sun compass
Eric Kandel
Estrus
41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Genetic drift
Atmospheric pressure
Altruism
Wolfgang Kohler
42. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Ethology
R. C. Tyron
Courting
Cross fostering experiments
43. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Fight or flight
Phenotype
Instrumental learning
Biological clocks
44. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Harry Harlow
Instinctual drift (example)
Supernormal sign stimulus
Navigation of animals
45. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
mechanical isolation
Pheromones
Hierarchy of bees
genotype
46. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
homeostasis
Wolfgang Kohler
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Magnetic sense
47. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Flower selection of bees
Konrad Lorenz
Inbreeding
Navigation cues
48. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Comparative psychology
Echolocation
Alleles
Waggle dance
49. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Mating of bees
Natural selection
R. C. Tyron
50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Supernormal sign stimulus
Sexual dimorphism
Genetic drift
Animal aggression