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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






2. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






3. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






4. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






5. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






6. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






7. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






8. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






9. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






10. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






12. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






13. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






14. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






15. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






16. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






17. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






20. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






21. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






22. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






23. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






24. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






26. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






27. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






28. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






29. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






30. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






31. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






32. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






33. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






34. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






35. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






36. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






37. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






38. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






39. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






41. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






42. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






43. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






44. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






45. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






46. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






47. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






48. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






50. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby