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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






2. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






3. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






4. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






5. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






7. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






8. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






9. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






10. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






11. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






12. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






13. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






14. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






15. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






16. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






17. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






18. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






19. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






21. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






22. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






23. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






26. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






27. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






28. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






29. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






30. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






31. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






32. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






33. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






36. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






37. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






38. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






39. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






41. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






42. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






44. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






45. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






46. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






47. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






48. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






49. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






50. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections