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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






2. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






3. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






4. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






5. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






6. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






7. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






8. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






9. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






10. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






11. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






12. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






13. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






14. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






15. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






16. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






17. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






18. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






19. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






21. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






22. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






23. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






24. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






26. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






27. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






28. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






29. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






30. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






31. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






32. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






33. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






34. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






35. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






36. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






37. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






38. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






39. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






40. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






41. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






42. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






43. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






44. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






45. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






46. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






49. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






50. Bees dance to indicate food is far away