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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






3. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






4. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






5. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






6. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






7. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






8. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






9. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






10. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






11. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






12. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






13. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






15. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






16. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






17. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






18. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






19. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






20. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






23. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






26. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






27. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






28. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






29. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






30. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






31. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






32. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






33. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






34. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






35. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






36. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






37. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






38. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






39. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






40. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






41. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






42. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






43. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






44. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






46. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






47. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






48. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






49. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






50. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat