Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






2. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






3. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






4. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






5. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






6. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






7. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






8. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






9. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






10. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






11. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






12. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






13. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






14. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






15. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






16. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






17. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






18. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






19. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






20. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






21. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






23. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






24. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






25. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






26. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






27. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






28. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






29. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






30. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






31. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






32. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






33. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






35. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






36. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






37. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






38. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






39. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






40. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






42. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






43. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






44. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






45. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






46. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






47. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






48. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






49. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






50. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)