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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






2. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






3. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






4. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






5. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






6. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






7. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






8. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






9. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






10. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






11. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






12. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






13. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






14. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






15. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






16. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






17. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






18. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






19. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






20. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






21. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






22. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






23. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






24. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






25. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






27. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






28. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






29. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






30. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






31. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






32. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






33. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






34. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






35. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






36. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






37. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






38. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






39. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






40. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






41. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






42. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






43. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






44. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






45. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






46. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






47. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






48. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






49. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






Can you answer 50 questions in 15 minutes?



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