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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






2. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






3. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






4. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






5. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






6. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






7. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






8. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






9. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






10. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






12. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






13. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






14. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






15. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






16. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






17. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






18. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






19. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






20. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






21. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






22. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






23. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






24. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






25. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






26. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






28. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






29. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






30. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






31. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






33. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






34. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






35. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






36. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






37. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






38. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






39. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






40. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






41. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






42. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






43. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






44. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






45. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






46. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






47. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






48. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






49. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






50. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears