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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






2. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






3. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






4. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






5. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






6. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






7. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






9. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






10. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






11. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






12. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






13. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






14. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






15. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






16. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






17. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






18. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






19. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






20. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






22. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






23. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






24. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






25. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






26. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






27. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






28. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






30. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






31. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






33. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






34. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






35. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






36. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






37. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






39. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






40. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






41. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






42. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






43. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






44. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






45. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






46. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






47. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






49. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






50. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there