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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






2. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






3. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






4. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






5. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






7. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






9. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






10. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






11. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






12. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






13. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






14. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






15. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






16. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






17. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






18. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






19. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






20. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






21. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






22. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






23. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






24. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






26. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






27. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






28. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






29. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






30. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






31. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






32. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






33. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






34. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






35. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






36. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






37. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






38. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






39. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






40. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






42. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






44. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






45. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






46. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






47. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






48. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






49. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






50. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes