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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






3. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






4. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






5. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






8. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






9. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






10. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






11. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






12. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






13. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






14. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






15. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






16. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






17. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






18. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






19. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






20. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






21. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






22. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






23. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






24. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






25. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






27. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






29. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






30. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






31. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






33. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






34. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






35. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






36. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






37. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






38. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






39. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






40. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






41. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






42. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






43. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






44. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






45. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






46. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






47. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






48. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






49. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






50. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on