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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






2. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






3. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






4. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






5. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






6. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






7. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






8. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






9. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






10. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






11. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






12. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






13. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






14. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






15. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






17. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






18. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






19. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






20. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






21. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






22. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






23. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






24. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






25. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






26. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






27. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






28. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






29. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






30. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






31. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






32. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






33. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






34. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






35. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






36. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






37. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






38. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






39. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






40. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






41. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






42. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






43. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






44. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






46. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






47. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






48. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






49. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






50. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season