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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Navigation of bees
Polarized light
geographic isolation
Walter Cannon
2. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Communication of bees
Atmospheric pressure
Sexual selection
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
3. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Interaction between instinct and learning
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Instinctual/innate behaviours
homeostasis
4. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Herring gull chicks
Phenotype
Hierarchy of bees
5. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Genetic drift
Animal aggression
Mating of bees
6. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Herring gull chicks
Stickleback fish
Animal aggression
Magnetic sense
7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Circadian rhythms
Instrumental learning
Flower selection of bees
Karl von Frisch
8. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Fitness
phenotypic expression
Supernormal sign stimulus
Cross fostering experiments
9. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Circadian rhythms
Pheromones
Interaction between instinct and learning
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
10. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Sensitive or critical periods
genotype
Round dance
mechanical isolation
11. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Harry Harlow
Gamete
Altruism
Courting
12. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Sun compass
Inbreeding
Harry Harlow
behavioral isolation
13. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes
Round dance
Waggle dance
genotype
Gamete
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Stickleback fish
Imprinting
mechanical isolation
15. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Instinctual drift (example)
Herring gull chicks
Polarized light
Hierarchy of bees
16. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Sensitive or critical periods
Harry Harlow
Navigation of bees
Eric Kandel
17. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Dominant and recessive gene
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Navigation of animals
Sexual selection
18. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Phenotype
Inclusive fitness
Supernormal sign stimulus
Mating of bees
19. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Estrus
Communication of bees
mechanical isolation
Comparative psychology
20. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Genes
Star compass
homeostasis
Imprinting
21. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Navigation cues
Star compass
Cross fostering experiments
Stickleback fish
22. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
homeostasis
Comparative psychology
Mating of bees
23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Inclusive fitness
Fight or flight
Gamete
behavioral isolation
24. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Supernormal sign stimulus
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Genetic drift
Instinctual/innate behaviours
25. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
isolation by season
Infrasound
Mimicry
Releasing stimuli
26. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Polarized light
Inbreeding
Hearing of owls
Herring gull chicks
27. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Eric Kandel
Mimicry
Hearing of owls
R. C. Tyron
28. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Konrad Lorenz
Instrumental learning
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
29. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Konrad Lorenz
Mating of bees
Inclusive fitness
Echolocation
30. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Releasing stimuli
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Interaction between instinct and learning
Communication of bees
31. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Ethology
Magnetic sense
homeostasis
32. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Zygote
Inclusive fitness
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
mechanical isolation
33. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Navigation of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Edward Thorndike
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
34. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Magnetic sense
Navigation cues
Infrasound
Atmospheric pressure
35. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Mimicry
R. C. Tyron
Communication of bees
Sensitive or critical periods
36. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
geographic isolation
Fitness
Infrasound
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
37. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Polarized light
Instinctual drift (example)
Courting
38. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
R. C. Tyron
Gamete
Phenotype
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
39. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
Instrumental learning
Karl von Frisch
40. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Waggle dance
Gamete
geographic isolation
Instinctual drift (example)
41. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Instinctual drift (example)
Supernormal sign stimulus
Alleles
Interaction between instinct and learning
42. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Communication of bees
Polarized light
Zygote
Imprinting
43. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
geographic isolation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Instinctual/innate behaviours
isolation by season
44. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
geographic isolation
Fight or flight
mechanical isolation
Atmospheric pressure
45. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Cross fostering experiments
Inbreeding
phenotypic expression
geographic isolation
46. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sensitive or critical periods
Sexual dimorphism
Altruism
Flower selection of bees
47. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation of bees
Navigation cues
Imprinting
Instinctual/innate behaviours
48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Interaction between instinct and learning
isolation by season
Edward Thorndike
Echolocation
49. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Zygote
Instinctual drift (example)
Dominant and recessive gene
Supernormal sign stimulus
50. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Star compass
homeostasis
Wolfgang Kohler
Karl von Frisch