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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






2. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






3. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






4. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






5. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






6. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






7. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






8. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






9. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






10. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






11. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






12. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






13. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






14. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






15. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






16. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






17. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






18. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






19. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






20. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






21. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






22. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






23. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






27. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






28. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






29. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






30. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






31. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






32. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






33. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






34. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






35. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






36. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






37. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






38. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






39. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






40. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






41. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






42. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






43. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






44. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






45. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






46. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






48. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






49. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






50. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour