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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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Subjects
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Flower selection of bees
Walter Cannon
phenotypic expression
Selective breeding
2. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Charles Darwin
Supernormal sign stimulus
Inclusive fitness
Imprinting
3. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Navigation of bees
Sun compass
Fixed action patterns (example)
mechanical isolation
4. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Flower selection of bees
Phenotype
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Altruism
5. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Stickleback fish
Eric Kandel
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Zygote
6. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Communication of bees
Sun compass
Navigation cues
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
7. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity
Eric Kandel
Selective breeding
Genes
Nikolaas Tinbergen
8. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Infrasound
Magnetic sense
Imprinting
Sun compass
9. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
genotype
Selective breeding
Edward Thorndike
Sensitive or critical periods
10. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Inclusive fitness
Interaction between instinct and learning
Echolocation
11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Round dance
Selective breeding
Wolfgang Kohler
Star compass
12. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Fixed action patterns (example)
mechanical isolation
Altruism
Sexual dimorphism
13. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Navigation of bees
R. C. Tyron
Herring gull chicks
Eric Kandel
14. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Echolocation
Circadian rhythms
Atmospheric pressure
Phenotype
15. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Biological clocks
Round dance
Instrumental learning
Fitness
16. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Herring gull chicks
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
homeostasis
Genetic drift
17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Animal aggression
Konrad Lorenz
homeostasis
Hierarchy of bees
18. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Courting
Mimicry
Cross fostering experiments
Wolfgang Kohler
19. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Supernormal sign stimulus
Fitness
Ethology
20. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Herring gull chicks
Dominant and recessive gene
Pheromones
Magnetic sense
21. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Atmospheric pressure
Interaction between instinct and learning
Sun compass
Fight or flight
22. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
behavioral isolation
Comparative psychology
Charles Darwin
Circadian rhythms
23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Sexual dimorphism
Charles Darwin
Sensitive or critical periods
Alleles
24. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Flower selection of bees
Selective breeding
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Eric Kandel
25. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Navigation of bees
Charles Darwin
Sensitive or critical periods
Genetic drift
26. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish
Alleles
Fight or flight
Mating of bees
Karl von Frisch
27. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Sensitive or critical periods
Estrus
Sexual selection
28. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Waggle dance
Releasing stimuli
Inbreeding
Instinctual/innate behaviours
29. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Cross fostering experiments
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Atmospheric pressure
Instinctual drift (example)
30. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Flower selection of bees
homeostasis
Supernormal sign stimulus
Herring gull chicks
31. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Ethology
Magnetic sense
Mating of bees
32. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Wolfgang Kohler
Infrasound
Herring gull chicks
Karl von Frisch
33. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Konrad Lorenz
Releasing stimuli
Instrumental learning
Waggle dance
34. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Hearing of owls
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Biological clocks
Wolfgang Kohler
35. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing
Comparative psychology
Hierarchy of bees
geographic isolation
Navigation cues
36. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Flower selection of bees
Inbreeding
Genetic drift
mechanical isolation
37. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Infrasound
phenotypic expression
Wolfgang Kohler
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
38. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)
Charles Darwin
Herring gull chicks
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation cues
39. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Fixed action patterns (example)
Selective breeding
Round dance
Polarized light
40. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Gamete
Circadian rhythms
Supernormal sign stimulus
41. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Walter Cannon
Releasing stimuli
Harry Harlow
Star compass
42. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models
Inclusive fitness
Estrus
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Stickleback fish
43. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Mating of bees
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Round dance
44. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Mating of bees
Stickleback fish
Echolocation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
45. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Supernormal sign stimulus
Altruism
Pheromones
Dominant and recessive gene
46. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Eric Kandel
Atmospheric pressure
Animal aggression
Echolocation
47. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Releasing stimuli
Biological clocks
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
48. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
Comparative psychology
behavioral isolation
R. C. Tyron
Infrasound
49. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
Genetic drift
Inbreeding
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
50. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Interaction between instinct and learning
Alleles
Stickleback fish
Animal aggression