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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






2. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






3. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






5. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






6. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






7. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






8. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






9. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






10. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






12. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






13. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






14. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






15. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






16. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






17. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






19. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






20. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






21. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






22. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






23. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






24. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






25. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






26. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






27. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






28. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






29. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






30. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






31. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






32. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






33. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






34. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






35. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






36. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






37. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






38. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






39. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






40. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






41. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






42. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






43. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






44. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






45. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






46. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






47. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






48. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






50. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural