SUBJECTS
|
BROWSE
|
CAREER CENTER
|
POPULAR
|
JOIN
|
LOGIN
Business Skills
|
Soft Skills
|
Basic Literacy
|
Certifications
About
|
Help
|
Privacy
|
Terms
|
Email
Search
Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
Start Test
Study First
Subjects
:
gre
,
psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
.
Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Instinctual drift (example)
Charles Darwin
Harry Harlow
Pheromones
2. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Genes
Fight or flight
Selective breeding
3. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)
Animal aggression
Biological clocks
Supernormal sign stimulus
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
4. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
Atmospheric pressure
Ethology
Mimicry
Releasing stimuli
5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Selective breeding
homeostasis
Wolfgang Kohler
Instrumental learning
6. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Zygote
Round dance
Ethology
Biological clocks
7. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Atmospheric pressure
Imprinting
Stickleback fish
Walter Cannon
8. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
isolation by season
Hierarchy of bees
Walter Cannon
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
9. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Inbreeding
Flower selection of bees
Inclusive fitness
10. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
mechanical isolation
Circadian rhythms
Natural selection
Comparative psychology
11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
mechanical isolation
isolation by season
Round dance
Natural selection
12. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms
Imprinting
Edward Thorndike
Biological clocks
behavioral isolation
13. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Genetic drift
Communication of bees
Stickleback fish
Konrad Lorenz
14. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned
Supernormal sign stimulus
Eric Kandel
Animal aggression
Fixed action patterns (example)
15. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Echolocation
Infrasound
Releasing stimuli
Navigation cues
16. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
Cross fostering experiments
phenotypic expression
Fitness
Interaction between instinct and learning
17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
behavioral isolation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Alleles
Wolfgang Kohler
18. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Sexual dimorphism
Star compass
Comparative psychology
mechanical isolation
19. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Instrumental learning
Charles Darwin
Stickleback fish
Genetic drift
20. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Ethology
Selective breeding
Walter Cannon
21. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Hearing of owls
Supernormal sign stimulus
Magnetic sense
Infrasound
22. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Comparative psychology
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Waggle dance
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
23. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Hearing of owls
Echolocation
Wolfgang Kohler
24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Courting
Estrus
Star compass
Alleles
25. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Wolfgang Kohler
Eric Kandel
Interaction between instinct and learning
Konrad Lorenz
26. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Navigation of animals
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Charles Darwin
homeostasis
27. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Estrus
behavioral isolation
Fight or flight
Courting
28. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Herring gull chicks
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Cross fostering experiments
Fitness
29. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Gamete
phenotypic expression
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Fitness
30. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid
Altruism
Navigation of bees
Charles Darwin
Interaction between instinct and learning
31. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Harry Harlow
Inbreeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
Estrus
32. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Interaction between instinct and learning
Selective breeding
Konrad Lorenz
Herring gull chicks
33. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Charles Darwin
Inbreeding
Selective breeding
Echolocation
34. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Courting
homeostasis
Inbreeding
Polarized light
35. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
36. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Phenotype
Ethology
Sensitive or critical periods
Navigation of bees
37. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Animal aggression
Inclusive fitness
Harry Harlow
isolation by season
38. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season
phenotypic expression
Inbreeding
Navigation of bees
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
39. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Instrumental learning
Circadian rhythms
Communication of bees
Instinctual/innate behaviours
40. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Karl von Frisch
Alleles
geographic isolation
Waggle dance
41. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment
Instinctual drift (example)
Biological clocks
Stickleback fish
homeostasis
42. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Courting
Sensitive or critical periods
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of bees
43. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Supernormal sign stimulus
Mating of bees
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Round dance
44. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
phenotypic expression
Round dance
Echolocation
Ethology
45. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Herring gull chicks
Sun compass
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
46. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Estrus
Navigation cues
Edward Thorndike
homeostasis
47. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Hearing of owls
Herring gull chicks
Echolocation
Courting
48. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Inbreeding
Sun compass
Phenotype
49. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
homeostasis
behavioral isolation
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
50. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Infrasound
Atmospheric pressure
Wolfgang Kohler
Inclusive fitness