Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






2. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






3. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






4. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






5. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






6. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






7. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






8. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






9. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






10. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






11. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






12. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






13. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






14. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






15. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






16. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






17. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






18. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






19. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






20. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






21. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






22. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






23. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






24. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






25. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






26. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






27. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






28. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






29. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






30. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






31. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






32. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






33. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






34. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






35. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






36. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






37. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






38. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






39. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






40. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






42. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






43. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






44. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






45. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






46. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






47. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






48. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






50. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned