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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
If you are not ready to take this test, you can
study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways
Karl von Frisch
Alleles
Sun compass
Eric Kandel
2. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections
Harry Harlow
Instinctual drift (example)
Sexual dimorphism
Interaction between instinct and learning
3. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Mating of bees
Sexual dimorphism
homeostasis
Animal aggression
4. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
behavioral isolation
Inclusive fitness
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Gamete
5. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Estrus
Fitness
Instrumental learning
Fight or flight
6. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
Navigation of bees
Communication of bees
Altruism
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
7. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Navigation of animals
Polarized light
behavioral isolation
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
8. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Ethology
Biological clocks
9. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience
Fixed action patterns (example)
Charles Darwin
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
10. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour
R. C. Tyron
Comparative psychology
Round dance
isolation by season
11. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Inbreeding
behavioral isolation
Estrus
Wolfgang Kohler
12. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Echolocation
Navigation of bees
Altruism
13. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Infrasound
Eric Kandel
Interaction between instinct and learning
14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons
Fight or flight
Gamete
behavioral isolation
isolation by season
15. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Dominant and recessive gene
Fixed action patterns (example)
16. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Ethology
Estrus
Genetic drift
Cross fostering experiments
17. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Gamete
Mimicry
Altruism
18. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)
Sexual selection
Infrasound
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Sun compass
19. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Ethology
Selective breeding
Pheromones
Hierarchy of bees
20. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Harry Harlow
Echolocation
Releasing stimuli
Sexual dimorphism
21. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even
Altruism
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
Instinctual drift (example)
22. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness
Natural selection
Eric Kandel
Walter Cannon
homeostasis
23. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Imprinting
Waggle dance
Navigation cues
Courting
24. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small
Charles Darwin
Echolocation
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Waggle dance
25. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Mimicry
Sun compass
Atmospheric pressure
phenotypic expression
26. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
Navigation of bees
Zygote
phenotypic expression
Atmospheric pressure
27. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
Walter Cannon
Biological clocks
Instinctual/innate behaviours
behavioral isolation
28. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue
Edward Thorndike
Natural selection
Dominant and recessive gene
Magnetic sense
29. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Gamete
Genetic drift
Circadian rhythms
30. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Navigation cues
Navigation of animals
Atmospheric pressure
31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Ethology
Hearing of owls
mechanical isolation
Supernormal sign stimulus
32. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue
Navigation cues
Mimicry
Atmospheric pressure
genotype
33. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics
geographic isolation
Cross fostering experiments
Inbreeding
mechanical isolation
34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Genes
Harry Harlow
Fitness
behavioral isolation
35. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Harry Harlow
Stickleback fish
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Dominant and recessive gene
36. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Alleles
Stickleback fish
Round dance
Dominant and recessive gene
37. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
Fixed action patterns (example)
Ethology
Flower selection of bees
homeostasis
38. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Courting
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Wolfgang Kohler
39. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Infrasound
Sexual selection
geographic isolation
40. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
geographic isolation
Mimicry
mechanical isolation
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
41. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Dominant and recessive gene
Infrasound
Eric Kandel
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
42. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Estrus
Gamete
Phenotype
Sun compass
43. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Star compass
Pheromones
Supernormal sign stimulus
Communication of bees
44. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Infrasound
Instinctual drift (example)
geographic isolation
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
45. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Magnetic sense
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Ethology
Genes
46. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Dominant and recessive gene
homeostasis
Releasing stimuli
Navigation of bees
47. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Charles Darwin
R. C. Tyron
Comparative psychology
Sun compass
48. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning
Genes
Polarized light
Mating of bees
Zygote
49. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Fight or flight
Flower selection of bees
Selective breeding
Navigation of bees
50. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Inbreeding
Magnetic sense
Navigation of bees
Fight or flight