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Test your basic knowledge |
GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2
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gre
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psychology
Instructions:
Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
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study here
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Match each statement with the correct term.
Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.
This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Releasing stimuli
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
Sexual dimorphism
2. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment
mechanical isolation
Walter Cannon
phenotypic expression
genotype
3. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning
Harry Harlow
Genetic drift
Comparative psychology
Animal aggression
4. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes
Inbreeding
Natural selection
Pheromones
Fitness
5. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Navigation of animals
Communication of bees
Interaction between instinct and learning
6. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like
Alleles
Mating of bees
Dominant and recessive gene
Cross fostering experiments
7. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away
Hierarchy of bees
Stickleback fish
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Edward Thorndike
8. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks
Selective breeding
Animal aggression
Inclusive fitness
Nikolaas Tinbergen
9. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)
Biological clocks
Phenotype
Karl von Frisch
Gamete
10. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there
Pheromones
Inclusive fitness
Mating of bees
Wolfgang Kohler
11. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Charles Darwin
Ethology
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
12. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light
Navigation cues
geographic isolation
Imprinting
Navigation of animals
13. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa
Imprinting
Sexual dimorphism
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Inbreeding
14. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids
Ethology
Estrus
Navigation of bees
Circadian rhythms
15. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue
Mimicry
Animal aggression
Altruism
Star compass
16. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears
Biological clocks
Sexual dimorphism
genotype
Hearing of owls
17. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate
Communication of bees
Mimicry
Courting
mechanical isolation
18. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin
Inclusive fitness
Genes
Charles Darwin
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
19. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits
Natural selection
Selective breeding
Mating of bees
Flower selection of bees
20. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities
Interaction between instinct and learning
Sensitive or critical periods
Polarized light
geographic isolation
21. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation
behavioral isolation
Inclusive fitness
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Mimicry
22. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid
Dominant and recessive gene
Navigation of animals
Zygote
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
23. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes
Harry Harlow
Instrumental learning
Selective breeding
Herring gull chicks
24. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur
Ethology
Imprinting
Courting
Eric Kandel
25. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours
Inbreeding
Sexual dimorphism
Waggle dance
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
26. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural
Sexual selection
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Supernormal sign stimulus
27. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee
Hierarchy of bees
Instinctual drift (example)
Polarized light
Wolfgang Kohler
28. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)
Star compass
homeostasis
Sensitive or critical periods
Stickleback fish
29. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat
Infrasound
Instinctual/innate behaviours
Ethology
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
30. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Altruism
Round dance
Walter Cannon
31. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time
Herring gull chicks
Interaction between instinct and learning
Communication of bees
Genetic drift
32. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)
Gamete
Animal aggression
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Atmospheric pressure
33. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)
Inbreeding
Supernormal sign stimulus
Contact comfort from rhesus monkeys
Phenotype
34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures
Navigation of animals
Natural selection
mechanical isolation
R. C. Tyron
35. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn
Instrumental learning
Karl von Frisch
Herring gull chicks
Harry Harlow
36. Bees dance to indicate food is far away
Waggle dance
Natural selection
Displacement activities/irrelevant behaviours
Learning to learn from rhesus monkeys
37. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness
Selective breeding
Genetic drift
Pheromones
Communication of bees
38. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue
Star compass
Infrasound
Karl von Frisch
Interaction between instinct and learning
39. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic
Alleles
Biological clocks
phenotypic expression
Round dance
40. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis
geographic isolation
Walter Cannon
Inclusive fitness
Stickleback fish
41. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species
Selective breeding
Releasing stimuli
Eric Kandel
behavioral isolation
42. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns
Konrad Lorenz
Sexual selection
Infrasound
Genes
43. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr
R.M. Cooper and John Zubek
Courting
Fixed action patterns (example)
Selective breeding
44. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)
Polarized light
mechanical isolation
Fight or flight
Waggle dance
45. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys
Navigation of animals
Konrad Lorenz
Biological clocks
46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not
Walter Cannon
Flower selection of bees
geographic isolation
Dominant and recessive gene
47. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)
Estrus
Round dance
Sensitive or critical periods
Cross fostering experiments
48. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards
Sexual selection
Sun compass
Wolfgang Kohler
Eric Kandel
49. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species
Round dance
behavioral isolation
Communication of bees
Zygote
50. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue
Karl von Frisch
Sun compass
Reproductive isolating mechanisms (+types)
Social isolation from rhesus monkeys