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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






3. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






4. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






5. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






6. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






7. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






8. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






9. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






10. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






11. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






12. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






13. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






14. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






15. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






16. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






17. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






18. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






19. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






20. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






21. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






22. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






23. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






24. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






25. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






26. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






27. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






28. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






29. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






30. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






31. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






32. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






33. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






34. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






35. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






36. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






37. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






38. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






39. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






40. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






41. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






42. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






44. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






45. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






46. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






47. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






48. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






49. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






50. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue