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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






2. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






3. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






4. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






5. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






6. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






7. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






8. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






9. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






10. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






11. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






12. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






13. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






14. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






15. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






16. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






17. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






18. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






19. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






20. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






21. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






22. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






23. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






24. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






25. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






26. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






27. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






28. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






29. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






30. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






31. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






32. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






33. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






34. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






35. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






36. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






37. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






38. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






39. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






40. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






41. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






43. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






44. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






45. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






46. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






47. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






48. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






49. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






50. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience