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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






2. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






3. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






4. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






5. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






6. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






7. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






8. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






9. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






10. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






11. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






12. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






13. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






14. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






15. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






16. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






17. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






19. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






20. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






21. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






22. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






23. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






24. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






25. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






26. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






27. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






28. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






29. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






30. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






31. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






32. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






33. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






34. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






35. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






36. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






37. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






38. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






39. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






40. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






41. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






42. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






43. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






44. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






46. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






47. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






49. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






50. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment