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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






2. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






3. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






4. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






5. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






6. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






7. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






8. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






9. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






10. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






11. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






12. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






13. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






14. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






15. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






16. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






17. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






18. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






19. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






20. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






21. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






23. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






24. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






25. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






26. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






27. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






28. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






29. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






30. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






31. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






32. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






33. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






34. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






35. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






36. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






37. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






38. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






39. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






40. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






41. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






42. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






43. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






44. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






45. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






46. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






47. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






48. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






49. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






50. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities