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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






2. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






3. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






4. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






5. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






6. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






7. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






8. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






9. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






10. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






11. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






12. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






13. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






14. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






15. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






17. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






18. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






19. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






20. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






21. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






22. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






23. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






24. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






25. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






27. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






28. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






29. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






30. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






31. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






32. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






33. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






34. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






35. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






36. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






37. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






38. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






39. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






40. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






41. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






42. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






43. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






44. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






45. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






46. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






47. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






48. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






49. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






50. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour