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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






2. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






3. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






4. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






5. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






6. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






7. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






8. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






9. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






10. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






11. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






12. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






13. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






14. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






15. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






16. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






17. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






18. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






19. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






20. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






21. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






22. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






23. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






24. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






26. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






27. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






28. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






29. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






30. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






31. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






32. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






33. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






34. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






35. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






36. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






37. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






38. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






39. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






40. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






42. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






43. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






44. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






45. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






46. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






47. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






49. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






50. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes