Test your basic knowledge |

GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






2. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






3. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






4. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






5. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






6. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






7. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






8. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






9. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






10. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






11. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






12. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






14. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






16. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






17. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






18. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






19. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






20. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






21. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






22. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






23. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






24. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






25. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






26. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






27. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






28. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






29. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






30. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






31. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






32. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






33. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






34. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






35. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






36. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






37. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






38. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






39. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






40. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






41. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






42. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






43. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






44. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






45. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






46. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






47. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






48. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






49. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period