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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






2. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






3. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






4. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






5. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






6. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






7. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like






8. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






9. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






10. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






11. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






12. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






13. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






14. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






15. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






16. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






17. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






18. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






19. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






21. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






22. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






23. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






24. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






25. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






26. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






27. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






28. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






29. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






30. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






31. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






32. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






33. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






34. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






35. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






36. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






37. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






38. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






39. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






40. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






41. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






42. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






43. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






44. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






45. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






46. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






47. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






48. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






49. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






50. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities







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