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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






2. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






3. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






4. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






5. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






6. The total of all genetic material that an offspring received (23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes) - an individual'S complete genetic make up - include both dominant and recessive genes






7. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






8. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






9. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






10. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






11. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






12. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






13. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






14. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






15. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






16. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






17. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






18. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






19. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






20. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






21. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






22. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






23. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






24. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






25. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






26. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






27. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






28. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






29. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






30. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






31. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






32. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






33. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






34. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






35. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






36. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






37. Tinbergen - peck at end of parents' bills which have a red spot on the tip - parents then regurgitates food for chicks; chicks pecked more at a red-tipped model bill than at a plain model bill; the greater the contrast between bill and red spot even






38. Navigate at night but do not use echolocation - like humans localize sound direction and distance by binaural cues (compare intensities - arrival times) - but better at determining elevation of sound source due to asymmetrical ears






39. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






40. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






41. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






42. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






43. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






44. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






45. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






46. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






47. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






48. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






49. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






50. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities