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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






2. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






3. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






4. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






5. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






6. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






8. Sperm or ovum - haploid (23 single chromosomes)






9. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






10. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






11. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






12. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






13. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






14. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






15. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






16. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






17. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






18. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






19. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






20. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






21. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






22. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






23. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






24. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






25. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






26. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






27. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






28. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






29. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






30. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






31. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






32. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






33. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






34. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






35. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






36. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






37. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






38. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






39. Pigeons sensitive to pressure changes in altitude as navigational cue






40. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






41. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






42. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






43. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






44. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






45. Demonstrated the interaction between heredity and environment - bright rats performed better than dull only when both sets raised in normal conditions - both groups performed well in enriched environment (lots of food and activities) - both performed






46. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






47. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






48. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






49. Internal rhythms that keep animal in sync with environment; circadian - circannual - lunar - tidal rhythms






50. dominant gene always beat out recessive gene - recessive gene is not manifested unless it is paired with another recessive gene - combination of dominant and recessive genes determines what he/she looks like