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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. E.g. rodents reared in isolation perform instinctual nest-building but much less efficient and successful than those exposed to learning opportunities






2. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






3. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






4. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






5. coined 'fight or flight' - proposed idea homeostasis






6. Lorenz - certain species (often birds) young attach to first moving object they see - displayed by a 'following response' - subjective to sensitive learning period - after that period this would not occur






7. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience






8. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






9. Behaviours that seem out of place - illogical - and no particular survival function (e.g. scratching your head while thinking)






10. Instrumental learning in animals -- led to law of effect that successful behaviours are likelier to be repeated; cats in puzzle boxes: eventually accidentally press escape door lever and be free - later the cat activates lever right away






11. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






12. Tinbergen - males develop red coloration on belly - which is the releasing stimulus for attacks; males attacked red-bellied crude models rather than the detailed but non-red models






13. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






14. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






15. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






16. Reproductive isolating mechanism - potentially compatible species mate during different seasons






17. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






18. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






19. Scouting bees look for food and nesting sites; can use landmarks as simple location cues - also sun - polarized light - and magnetic fields as aids






20. Bees dance to indicate food is far away






21. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






22. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






23. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






24. Birds - many birds can use star patterns and movements as navigational cue






25. Evolved form of deception - ex: harmless snakes may mimic coloration and pattern of more poisonous ones to escape predation






26. Founder of ethology - imprinting - animal aggression - releasing stimuli - fixed action patterns






27. Experiments that attempt to separate effects of heredity and environment - sibling mice separated at birth and placed with different parents or situations; later differences in aggression attributed to experience rather than genetics






28. Fertilized egg cell - two separate sets of 23 chromosomes (from each parent) come together for 23 pairs - diploid






29. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






30. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species breed in different areas to prevent confusion or genetic mixing






31. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






32. Lorez - certain aggression necessary for survival of species - instinctual rather than learned






33. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






34. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






35. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






36. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






37. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






38. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






39. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






40. Lorenz - triggered by releasing stimuli - automatic and innate - instinctual - complex chains of behaviour; four defining characteristics: 1) uniform patterns - 2) performed by most members - 3) more complex than simple reflexes - 4) cannot be interr






41. Harlow - monkeys became better at learning tasks as they acquired different learning experiences - eventually learned after only one trial






42. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






43. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






44. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






45. Prevent interbreeding between two different (but closely related / genetically compatible) species - four types: 1) behavioral isolation - 2) geographic isolation - 3) mechanical isolation - 4) isolation by season






46. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






47. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






48. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






49. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






50. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period