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GRE Psychology: Physiological/behavioral Neuroscience 2

Subjects : gre, psychology
Instructions:
  • Answer 50 questions in 15 minutes.
  • If you are not ready to take this test, you can study here.
  • Match each statement with the correct term.
  • Don't refresh. All questions and answers are randomly picked and ordered every time you load a test.

This is a study tool. The 3 wrong answers for each question are randomly chosen from answers to other questions. So, you might find at times the answers obvious, but you will see it re-enforces your understanding as you take the test each time.
1. Atmospheric pressure - infrasound - magnetic sense - sun compass - star compass - polarized light






2. Researched development with rhesus monkeys in terms of social isolation - maternal stimulation - contact comfort - and learning to learn






3. Endogenous rhythms that revolve around a 24 hour time period






4. Basic unit of heredity - made of DNA molecules - organized in chromosomes - Human nucleus cells contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. Chromosomes in cells act as carriers for genes - and therefore for heredity






5. Bred 'maze bright' and 'maze full' rats to demonstrate heritability of behaviour






6. Very few drones (male bees) produced - only for mating with queen - same mating areas used year after year even though no bee survives from one year to the next - unknown how they know to gather there






7. Contrived breeding - mates intentionally paired to increase chances of producing offspring with particular traits






8. how one looks and sometimes acts - partially determined by heredity or genotype - but can also be influence by environment






9. Ability to reproduce and pass on genes






10. Only the fit survive - at the heart of evolution- it explains the evolution or genetic development of various species over time and explains the concept of genetic drift - favors inclusive fitness over individual fitness






11. Chemicals detected by vomeronasal organ - acts as messengers between animals - primitive form of communication - can transmit states such as fear or sexual receptiveness






12. Dance of the honeybees - and also studied senses of fish






13. Bees can see UV light - sees certain markers on flowers (honey guides) that people do not






14. Behaviours that precede sexual acts that lead to reproduction - to attract and isolate a mate






15. Harlow - study of attachment. mother-infant attachment - -infants attach to mothers through comforting experience rather than through feeding - infants placed with two surrogate mothers (wire with feeding bottle - and terrycloth with no bottle); infa






16. The study of animal behaviors - especially innate behaviors that occur in a natural habitat






17. Pigeons and bees can compensate for daily solar movements for navigational cue






18. How particular genotypes selected out or eliminated from a population over time






19. When animal replaces a trained or forced response with a natural or instinctive response Ex: a dog with the nature to bark at visitors thinking they are intruders might have been taught to sit quietly when a guest enters through reward and punishment






20. Learning happens through trial - error and accidental success - animals then act based on previous successes






21. Most sophisticated type of perception - generally replaces sight - marine mammals (dolphin) and bats - - emit high-frequency sounds and locate nearby objects from the echo; bats can fly through grids of thin nylon strings and can locate and eat small






22. Structural differences between sexes - arisen through both natural and sexual selections






23. Only one queen bee - which produces a chemical that suppresses ovaries in all other female bees - constantly tended to and fed - lays thousands of eggs in the spring; when eggs mature - scouts finds new site for old queen and her workers - a new quee






24. The pair up of possible dominant and recessive gene variations for each characteristic






25. Tinbergen - artificial stimuli that exaggerate naturally occurring sign stimulus or releaser - more effective than natural






26. Times when a developing animal is particularly vulnerable to the effect of learning (e.g. birds learning their species' song - if reared in isolation cannot develop normal song later. and imprinting)






27. Founder of modern ethology - models in naturalistic settings - stickleback fish and herring gull chicks






28. Reproductive isolating mechanism - courtship or display behavior of a particular species allows an individual to identify a mate within its own species






29. Aka releasers or sign stimuli - Lorenz - continued by Tinbergen - elicits fixed action patterns from another individual in the same species






30. Von Frisch - once a scouting bee locates a promising food source - returns to hive and conveys the location through movements; round or waggle dance - the longer the dance the farther the food - the more vigorous display the better food; performed on






31. Made up of external characteristics (eye color - size - etc)






32. Pigeons and bees have magnetic sensitivity - allows them to use earth`s magnetic forces as navigational cue






33. The internal physiological changes that occur in an organism in response to a perceived threat (increase in HR or respiration)






34. Harlow - the isolated monkeys --> - the lack of interaction and socialization hampered social development - - once brought together with others - males did not display normal sexual functioning and females lacked maternal behaviours






35. The internal regulation of body to main equilibrium (decrease in HR after the perceived threat is no longer present)






36. Closely related to ethology - different species are compared in order to learn about their similarities and differences. Draw from animal studies to gain insight into human functioning






37. Breeding within same family - evolutionary controls prevent this (e.g. swan facial markings of same family)






38. Worked with chimpanzees and insight in problem solving - chimps could perceive the whole situation to create new solutions rather than by trial and error; chimps had to use tools or create props to retrieve rewards






39. Bees when sun is obscured by clouds - bees can use this navigational cue to infer sun positioning






40. Studied sea slug Aplysia - which have few - large - easily identifiable nerve cells (chose to study this for this reason) - learning and memory evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways






41. Animals invest in the survival of not only their own genes but also the genes of their kin






42. Bees dance to indicate food is extremely nearby






43. Period in which a female is sexually receptive (usually used to describe non-human mammals)






44. Form of natural selection - not the fittest that win but those with greatest chance of being chosen as a mate (best fighters - most attractive - etc)






45. Reproductive isolating mechanism - different species have incompatible genital structures






46. Pigeons can hear extremely low-frequency sounds (e.g. emitted by surf) that travel great distances as a navigational cue






47. Behaviour that solely benefits another - imilar to group mentality - will help if benefit outweighs cost or expect to be repaid






48. Made the concept of evolution scientifically plausible by asserting that natural selection was at its core






49. Some use map-and-compass navigation (landmarks and sun or stars) - some have true navigational abilities and can point toward their goal with no landmarks and from any position (e.g. captured birds eventually arrive at their usual goal anyway); birds






50. present in all normal members of a species - - stereotypic in form throughout members even for the first time - independent of learning or experience